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<div id="json" class="section level1" number="4">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">第 4 章</span> JSON</h1>
<p>JASON(JavaScript Object Notation,JavaScript)-Java对象表示法-是由道格拉斯·克罗克福特构想和设计、轻量级的数据交换语言，该语言以易于让人阅读的文字为基础，用来传输由属性值或者序列性的值组成的数据对象。尽管JSON起初是为JavaScript设计的，但如今早已发展成为独立于特定语言之外的通用数据格式。</p>
<p>R中可以使用<strong>jsonlite</strong>读写JSON文件,读入数据成为一个list</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="json.html#cb3-1"></a><span class="kw">library</span>(jsonlite)</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="json.html#cb3-2"></a>leadboard &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">fromJSON</span>(<span class="st">&quot;leaderboards.json&quot;</span>,<span class="dt">flatten =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
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<li>JSON由对象object与数组组成</li>
<li>对象（object）：一个对象包含一系列非排序的名称／值对(pair)，一个对象以{开始，并以}结束。每个名称／值对之间使用:分割</li>
<li>数组 (array)：一个数组是一个值(value)的集合，一个数组以[开始，并以]结束。数组成员之间使用,分割</li>
<li><h2 id="json与xml最大的不同在于xml是一个完整的标记语言而json不是xml利用标记语言的特性提供了绝佳的延展性如xpath在数据存储扩展及高级检索方面具备对json的优势而json则由于比xml更加小巧以及浏览器的内建快速解析支持使得其更适用于网络数据传输领域">JSON与XML最大的不同在于XML是一个完整的标记语言，而JSON不是。XML利用标记语言的特性提供了绝佳的延展性（如XPath），在数据存储，扩展及高级检索方面具备对JSON的优势，而JSON则由于比XML更加小巧，以及浏览器的内建快速解析支持，使得其更适用于网络数据传输领域。</h2></li>
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