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‎README.md

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### 2023
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**九月份**： [第 042 期](docs/episode-042.md) :high_brightness: | [第 041 期](docs/episode-041.md)
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**十月份**： [第 042 期](docs/episode-043.md) :high_brightness:
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**九月份**： [第 042 期](docs/episode-042.md) | [第 041 期](docs/episode-041.md)
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**八月份**： [第 040 期](docs/episode-040.md)
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‎docs/episode-043.md

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# .NET 每周分享第 43 期
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## 卷首语
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C# 的受欢迎指数超过 Java
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/e647d1a3-d4e8-4a7b-bb7b-d4b9d47516b2)
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最近的市场调研显示，C# 受欢迎指数正在接近并超越 Java
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## 行业资讯
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1、[Jetbrains .NET Day 录像](https://blog.jetbrains.com/dotnet/2023/10/02/recordings-jetbrains-dotnet-day-online-23/)
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今年 JetBrains 的 .NET Day 活动录像。
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2、[VS Code 插件 Dev Kit GA](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp-dev-kit-now-generally-available/)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/5af224a3-456f-415a-9aff-96f9d28d7922)
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在 `VS Code` 中 `C#` 开发插件 `Dev Kit` 已经可以公开使用。
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## 文章推荐
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1、[ASP.NET Core 学习路线](https://roadmap.sh/aspnet-core)
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![aspnet-core](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/8755c449-d483-4f1e-a9e2-5c065a5f1ebe)
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ASP.NET Core 学习路线，包含了四种类型
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1. 个人建议
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2. 可选
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3. 不是严格
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4. 不建议
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2、[.NET Roll Forward 配置](https://weblog.west-wind.com/posts/2023/Oct/02/Rolling-Forward-to-Major-Versions-in-NET)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/6c228451-85c3-4c2b-9502-b48a24406ee9)
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得益于 `.NET` 的兼容性，`.NET 6` 编写的应用程序可以运行在 `.NET 7` 的运行时中，那么该如何配置这个呢？
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```xml
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net7.0-windows</TargetFramework>
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<RollForward>LatestMajor</RollForward>
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<PropertyGroup>
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</Project>
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```
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除了 `LastMajor` 外，还有
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- `Minor`
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- `Major`
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- `LatestMinor`
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等配置。如果是 `Preview` 版本的 SDK 该怎么办呢？比如 `net8.0.0-rc-123419.4`， 则需要配置 `DOTNET_ROLL_FORWARD_TO_PRERELEASE` 环境变量
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```powershell
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$env:DOTNET_ROLL_FORWARD_TO_PRERELEASE=1
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```
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3、[序列化中的未知枚举类型](https://gaevoy.com/2023/09/26/dotnet-serialization-unknown-enums-handling-api.html)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/07b66238-7568-4c78-906f-f332337503f5)
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在序列化成对象的时候，如果为 Enum (枚举) 类型中不存在的类型时候，通常会抛出异常，那么在不同序列化场景中怎么解决好这个问题呢？分别为 `Newtonsoft`, `System.Text.Json` 和 `System.Xml.Serializaton` 等库给出了示例。
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4、[如何在 UT 中测试 Logger](https://www.meziantou.net/how-to-test-the-logs-from-ilogger-in-dotnet.htm)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/3bf29b30-cace-48d3-8f1d-c810ddcdb551)
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在单元测试用该如何测试 `ILogger` 对象呢？有很多方法，比如
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- 使用 `Mock` 库来构造 `ILogger` 实现
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- 将所有日志保存在内存中，然后比较
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- 将所有日志保存在文件中
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第一种方式比较直接，也是大众最为熟悉的方式，第二种就比较不常见，但是有现成的库能够帮助我们实现, `Meziantou.Extensions.Logging.InMemory`
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```csharp
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// Create the logger
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using var loggerProvider = new InMemoryLoggerProvider();
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var logger = loggerProvider.CreateLogger("MyLogger");
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// Call the method to test
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MethodToTest(logger);
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// Validate the logs
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Assert.Empty(loggerProvider.Logs.Errors);
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Assert.Single(loggerProvider.Logs, log => log.Message.Contains("test") && log.EventId.Id == 1);
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```
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5、[用内存映射文件](https://blog.stephencleary.com/2023/09/memory-mapped-files-overlaid-structs.html)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/5821abf8-8e7d-4d5e-a664-cf184af709ac)
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在 `C#` 这样托管的编程语言中，我们也可以使用访问内存的方式来修改文件内容，这样可以频繁的避免磁盘读写操作，操作系统自会需要的时候才会进行磁盘读写。那么该怎么做呢？
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```csharp
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using FileStream file = new FileStream(@"tmp.dat", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite,
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FileShare.None, 4096, FileOptions.RandomAccess);
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using MemoryMappedFile mapping = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile(file, null, 1000,
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MemoryMappedFileAccess.ReadWrite, HandleInheritability.None, leaveOpen: true);
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using MemoryMappedViewAccessor view = mapping.CreateViewAccessor();
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```
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这里创建一个`view` 对象，它代表了一个内存指针，这个对象包含了很多个操作方法，通常我们不需要关心，可以直接创建一个 `Overlay` 的对象来操作它
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```csharp
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public sealed unsafe class Overlay : IDisposable
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{
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private readonly MemoryMappedViewAccessor _view;
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private readonly byte* _pointer;
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public Overlay(MemoryMappedViewAccessor view)
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{
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_view = view;
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view.SafeMemoryMappedViewHandle.AcquirePointer(ref _pointer);
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}
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public void Dispose() => _view.SafeMemoryMappedViewHandle.ReleasePointer();
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public ref T As<T>() where T : struct => ref Unsafe.AsRef<T>(_pointer);
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}
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```
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通过它可以方位 `T` 类型的结构
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```csharp
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public struct Data
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{
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public int First;
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public int Second;
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}
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using Overlay overlay = new Overlay(view);
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ref Data data = ref overlay.As<Data>();
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data.First = 1;
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data.Second = 2;
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```
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6、[本地运行 .NET 的 LLM](https://blog.maartenballiauw.be/post/2023/06/15/running-large-language-models-locally-your-own-chatgpt-like-ai-in-csharp.html)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/e08420f3-3655-415e-8869-c1d1ca656134)
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随着 LLM 的流行，我们特别希望能够一款运行在本地的大模型。Meta 公司的 LLaMA 开源模型给了这件事情的可能性，SciSharp 项目就是将机器学习和 AI 框架引入到 .NET 生态中。这里介绍如何使用 `C#` 实现本地大模型
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## 开源项目
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1、[YamlDotNet](https://github.com/aaubry/YamlDotNet)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/6609b43e-cb0a-461a-aad4-a5ebf95e6eae)
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很多时候，我们需要进行将 `Yaml` 和 `C#` 中的对象进行转换，`YamlDotNet` 库可以很方便的进行序列化和反序列化。
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```csharp
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using YamlDotNet.Serialization;
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using YamlDotNet.Serialization.NamingConventions;
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...
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var person = new Person
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{
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Name = "Abe Lincoln",
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Age = 25,
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HeightInInches = 6f + 4f / 12f,
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Addresses = new Dictionary<string, Address>{
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{ "home", new Address() {
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Street = "2720 Sundown Lane",
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City = "Kentucketsville",
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State = "Calousiyorkida",
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Zip = "99978",
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}},
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{ "work", new Address() {
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Street = "1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW",
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City = "Washington",
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State = "District of Columbia",
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Zip = "20500",
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}},
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}
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};
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var serializer = new SerializerBuilder()
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.WithNamingConvention(CamelCaseNamingConvention.Instance)
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.Build();
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var yaml = serializer.Serialize(person);
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System.Console.WriteLine(yaml);
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// Output:
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// name: Abe Lincoln
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// age: 25
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// heightInInches: 6.3333334922790527
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// addresses:
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// home:
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// street: 2720 Sundown Lane
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// city: Kentucketsville
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// state: Calousiyorkida
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// zip: 99978
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// work:
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// street: 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
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// city: Washington
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// state: District of Columbia
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// zip: 20500
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```
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2、[Source Code Generator Playgroud](https://github.com/davidwengier/SourceGeneratorPlayground)
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![image](https://github.com/DotNETWeekly-io/DotNetWeekly/assets/11272110/b2b40480-d541-459f-a6a3-4520738bf9bd)
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Source Generator 是 C# 的引入和的新功能，那么这个在线工具可以测试该功能。

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