tut20.cpp

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***Why Object-Oriented Programming?***

Before we discuss object-oriented programming, we need to learn why we need object-oriented programming?

C++ language was designed with the main intention of adding object-oriented programming to C language
As the size of the program increases readability, maintainability, and bug-free nature of the program decrease.
This was the major problem with languages like C which relied upon functions or procedure (hence the name procedural programming language)
As a result, the possibility of not addressing the problem adequately was high
Also, data was almost neglected, data security was easily compromised
Using classes solves this problem by modeling program as a real-world scenario



***Difference between Procedure Oriented Programming and Object-Oriented Programming***

*Procedure Oriented Programming*

Consists of writing a set of instruction for the computer to follow
The main focus is on functions and not on the flow of data
Functions can either use local or global data
Data moves openly from function to function

*Object-Oriented Programming*

Works on the concept of classes and object
A class is a template to create objects
Treats data as a critical element
Decomposes the problem in objects and builds data and functions around the objects



***Basic Concepts in Object-Oriented Programming***

Classes - Basic template for creating objects
Objects – Basic run-time entities
Data Abstraction & Encapsulation – Wrapping data and functions into a single unit
Inheritance – Properties of one class can be inherited into others
Polymorphism – Ability to take more than one forms
Dynamic Binding – Code which will execute is not known until the program runs
Message Passing – message (Information) call format



***Benefits of Object-Oriented Programming***

Better code reusability using objects and inheritance
Principle of data hiding helps build secure systems
Multiple Objects can co-exist without any interference
Software complexity can be easily managed

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