Added basic commands of git

Author: Harshverm776

Git-Cheat-Sheet.pdf

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# Git Commands
+
+## 1. Install git
+
+check version `git --version`
+
+## 2. Configuring some settings
+
+>Like Name, Email, Default Editor & Line Ending
+
+>Different levels for setting - System, Global & Local.
+
+```bash
+git config --global user.name "Harsh Verma"
+```
+
+```bash
+git config --global user.email [email protected]
+```
+
+```bash
+git config --global core.editor "code --wait"
+```
+
+```bash
+git config --global -e
+```
+
+**Line endings -**
+
+| Windows | macOS/Linux |
+| ------- | ----------- |
+| \r\n    | \n          |
+
+* *For Windows* 
+```bash
+git config --global core.autocrlf true 
+```
+* *For Linux*
+```bash
+git config --global core.autocrlf input
+```
+
+## 3. Taking help 
+Use `-h` or `--help`
+
+## 4. Initializing a Repo
+
+```bash
+git init
+```
+
+**Additional cmds -**
+
+* Make directory - `mkdir Moon`
+
+* Open directory - `cd Moon`
+
+* Open a file -
+  * `start .git` *for Windows*
+  * `open .git` *for Linux*
+
+* Remove a file -
+  * rm -rf .git
+
+* Listing files - 
+    * ls 
+    * ls -a
+
+## 5. Staging Area
+
+>For checking the state of repo and staging area
+```bash
+git status 
+```
+
+**Additional cmds -**
+
+* Creating a new file `echo hello > file1.txt`
+* Appending content `echo world >> file1.txt`
+* Adding files to staging area -
+    * `git add file1.txt file2.txt`
+    * `git add *.txt`
+    * `git add .`
+
+
+## 6. Commiting Changes
+
+* Adding short comment
+```bash
+git commit -m "Initial commit"
+```
+* Adding short and long comment
+```bash
+git commit
+```
+
+## 7. Skipping the stagging area
+
+>Rarely used
+```bash
+git commit -a -m "Some message"
+```
+or
+```bash
+git commit -am "Some message"
+```
+
+## 8. Removing files
+    WD : Working Directory
+    SA : Staging Area
+
+> Removing file from both WD & SA
+
+```bash
+git rm file2.txt 
+```
+
+**Additional cmds -**
+
+* File only remove from WD - `rm file2.txt`
+* Checking SA - `git ls-files`
+
+## 9. Renaming or Moving files
+
+> Changes reflected in both WD and SA
+
+```bash
+git mv file1.txt main.js 
+```
+
+**Additional cmds -**
+
+* Renaming file - `mv file1.txt main.js`
+
+* Adding to SA - `git add file1.txt main.js`
+
+## 10. Ignoring Files
+
+>We can add file names like logs/ *.class  *.log  bin/
+
+```bash
+echo logs/ > .gitignore
+```
+or
+```bash
+echo > .gitignore
+```
+
+**Removing a file only from SA -**
+```bash
+git rm --cached bin/
+```
+```bash
+git rm --cached -r bin/
+```
+
+## 11. Short status
+
+```bash
+git status -s
+```
+
+## 12. Viewing the staged and unstaged changes
+
+* Staged changes
+```bash
+git diff --staged 
+```
+
+* Unstaged changes
+```bash
+git diff
+```
+
+**Additional cmds -**
+* Open file in cmd - `cat file2.txt`
+* Open file in cmd with numbers - `cat -n file2.txt`
+
+
+## 13.  Using Visual diff Tools
+
+* Configuring VScode-
+
+```bash 
+git config --global diff.tool vscode
+```
+*  Configuring launching -
+
+```bash
+git config --global difftool.vscode.cmd "code --wait --diff $LOCAL $REMOTE"
+```
+* Viewing unstaged changes -
+```bash
+git difftool
+```
+* Viewing staged changes -
+```bash
+git difftool --staged
+```
+
+## 14.  Viewing the history
+
+* Full logs -
+```bash
+git log
+```
+* Logs in single line -
+```bash
+git log --oneline
+```
+* Reverse Order -
+```bash
+git log --oneline --reverse
+```
+> **"space"** for moving a head and **"q"** for quitting
+
+## 15.  Viewing the commit
+* Using unique identifier -
+```bash
+git show 921a
+```
+
+* Viewing Last commit -
+```bash
+git show HEAD 
+```
+*  One step back -
+```bash
+git show HEAD~1
+```
+* Viewing particular file - 
+```bash
+git show HEAD~1:.gitignore
+```
+* Listing all the files -
+```bash
+git ls-tree HEAD~1
+```
+
+## 16.  Unstaging the files
+```bash
+git restore --staged file1.txt
+```
+
+## 17. Discharding local changes
+
+```bash
+git restore .
+```
+
+**Additional cmds -**
+*  Removing all untracked files -
+```bash
+git clean
+```
+```bash
+git clean -fd
+```
+
+## 18. Restoring a file to an Earlier Version
+
+```bash
+git restore --source=HEAD~1 file1.js
+```
+
+---
+---
+###### Sources :
+* Videos -
+  * [Git Tutorial](https://youtu.be/8JJ101D3knE)
+  * [Markdown Formatting](https://youtu.be/bpdvNwvEeSE)
+* Websites -
+  * [Basic writing and formatting syntax
+](https://docs.github.com/en/github/writing-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax)