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‎based/README.md

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# all your base are belong to you.
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This guide is intended to act as a tour of the Base ecosystem in order to help
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with technical ramping to the protocol. It is intended to be a crash course moving
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through major topics, providing links to articles and tutorials to help filter out
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the significant amount of noise one encounters when trying to learn how blockchain
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works for the first time. This is not exhaustive, but many of the resources
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referenced within the guide have additional content in their portals to go deeper
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once you have a functional understanding. All resources are free to access, and
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all time estimates are ScientificWildAssGuesses (SWAG).
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The guide is intended to be read in the following order (but feel free to jump around as you see fit):
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| Article | Description |
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| ------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [Blockchain Basics](blockchain-basics/index.md) | Background material that will help with understanding how blockchains work |
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| [Ethereum](ethereum/index.md) | Ethereum is the Layer 1 that Base is built on, and understanding how it works is critical |
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| [Smart Contracts and Solidity](solidity/index.md) | Smart contracts let us codify onchain contracts and transactions, with Solidity being the most popular language they're written in |
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| [Base](base/index.md) | Learn how Base was built on top of the Bedrock OP Stack |

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‎based/base/index.md

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### [Home](../README.md) | [Previous](../solidity/index.md)
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# Base
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<p><img src="./Base_Wordmark_Blue.svg"/>
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Now that we’ve covered core features of Ethereum as well as how Solidity and
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Smart Contract development works, we can dive into learning about Base. To get
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started here, read the Guide to Base which provides a well-rounded overview of
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the entire protocol. We’ll be breaking down the pieces of this guide so that you
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can fully understand how the protocol works.
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## Layer 2 Networks
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Base is built as a Layer 2 network on top of Ethereum. With the popularity of
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Ethereum so high, demand has grown to where transaction speed has gone down and
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gas costs have shot up significantly. The solution to scaling Ethereum is using
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a Layer 2 blockchain, which is a network that fully functions on its own, but
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settles all transactions ultimately to the Ethereum network. Base is a specific
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implementation of L2 called an optimistic rollup. To better understand scaling
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and optimistic rollups, read the following three articles by Ethereum Foundation:
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| Title | Description |
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| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| [Scaling](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/) | How Ethereum has scaling issues and the mechanisms to fix them onchain and offchain (Layer 2 Networks) |
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| [Optimistic Rollups](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/optimistic-rollups/) | How optimistic rollup networks work |
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| [Zero Knowledge Rollups](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/zk-rollups/) | How ZK Proof rollup networks work |
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## OP Bedrock
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Base is built on top of the Bedrock upgrade to the Optimism (OP) Stack. To
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better understand Optimism Bedrock, we’ll need to dive into Optimism’s
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documentation.
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| Title | Description |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [Design Philosophy](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/1-design-philosophy/) | Overall design philosophy on how Optimism was built with its core tenets |
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| [Rollup Protocol](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/2-rollup-protocol/#) | The design of the OP Stack's rollup protocol |
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| [Bedrock Explainer](https://community.optimism.io/docs/developers/bedrock/) | How OP Bedrock was designed, covering key information about the Sequencer |
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The [Optimism repo](https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/blob/65ec61dde94ffa93342728d324fecf474d228e1f/specs/README.md) contains the full Bedrock spec.
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The following articles cover the Bedrock Data Flows:
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| Title | Description |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
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| [Transaction Flow](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/txn-flow/) | How transactions flow through the OP Stack |
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| [Deposit Flow](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/deposit-flow/) | How deposits work in OP Stack |
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| [Withdrawal Flow](https://community.optimism.io/docs/protocol/withdrawal-flow/) | How withdrawals work in OP Stack |
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Base being built on Bedrock makes it a part of the Superchain, a decentralized
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network of chains that share bridging, decentralized governance, upgrades, a
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communication layer and more. Optimism provides [this explainer](https://stack.optimism.io/docs/understand/explainer/) for their vision of the Superchain.
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## Base Specific Documentation
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Base has its own [doc site](https://docs.base.org/) which helps to explain the
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specifics of what you need to know to build on the chain. Some highlights include:
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| Title | Description |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [Network Information](https://docs.base.org/network-information) | Network information for configuring developer environment endpoints |
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| [Key Contract Addresses](https://docs.base.org/base-contracts) | Addresses of key Smart Contracts deployed from OP Stack code |
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| [How Fees Work](https://docs.base.org/fees) | How fees work on the Base network |
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Coinbase published a [Guide to Base](https://www.coinbase.com/cloud/discover/protocol-guides/guide-to-base)
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which highlights the core features and benefits of the network.
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All code that's been open sourced related to Base can be found in [this repo](https://github.com/base-org)

‎based/blockchain-basics/index.md

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### [Home](../README.md) | [Next](../ethereum/index.md)
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# Blockchain Basics
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<p><img src="./whatisablockchain.png"/>
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Blockchains are complex. The technology that makes them work is a result of
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decades of innovation across several disciplines. To understand how we got to
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where we are today, there needs to be some basic understanding of the
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underlying concepts. These articles are meant to be a relatively high level
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overview of the core concepts, and most are part of larger hubs of articles in
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the event you need to dive deeper into a specific topic.
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Geeks for Geeks has a few sets of articles that are good starting points. This
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will give a background in how to understand the way blockchain tech works. Learn
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[a basic understanding of computer networking](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/basics-computer-networking/#) (30 min)
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This full hub of articles is worth going through at some point. The goal for now
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is to just learn some of the common terminology and reading the main intro
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article is sufficient. Everything on the blockchain is handled through
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networking distributed nodes, and having some understanding of computer
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networking is essential.
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[What is Peer to Peer Process](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-p2p-peer-to-peer-process/) (20 min)
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The specific type of network that a blockchain runs on is Peer to Peer. This is
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from the blockchain knowledge series on Geeks for Geeks, which again is worth
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diving into fully at some point.
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[Blockchain Cryptography](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/cryptography-in-blockchain/) (20 min)
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Blockchain networks only function through effective cryptography. The use of asymmetric keys and hashing is a core concept and referred to frequently throughout the Ethereum and Base documentation.
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(Optional) [Tree Data structure](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-tree-data-structure-and-algorithm-tutorials)
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(30 min+)
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The core data structures used to store the blockchain data is built on types of tree data structures called tries. This is helpful from a deeper Computer Science background, but is not necessary to go deeper.
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[What is Blockchain Technology?](https://www.coindesk.com/learn/what-is-blockchain-technology/) (5 min)
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This is a very high-level overview of blockchain as a concept. It helps pull together some of the things mentioned in the above fundamentals.
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Finally a worthwhile read is the [Bitcoin whitepaper](https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf) (30 min).
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Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency to launch as a functioning, decentralized blockchain. This article is significant as nothing that we are working towards now with Base would exist without Bitcoin.

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‎based/ethereum/index.md

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### [Home](../README.md) | [Previous](../blockchain-basics/index.md) | [Next](../solidity/index.md)
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# Ethereum
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<p><img width="61.4" height="100" src="./eth-diamond-purple.png"/>
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Base is a layer 2 (L2) blockchain network built on top of Ethereum. In order to
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understand how the L2 rollup works, you need to have a good understanding of how
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Ethereum works.
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To start you should read the original [Ethereum whitepaper](https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/). A lot of the
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technology behind Ethereum has changed since then (most significantly the move
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to full Proof of Stake after the merge), but many of the core pieces of Ethereum
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as a computational platform are explained here. (1 hour)
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Base Camp (the Base developer guide) has a good [Intro video on Ethereum](https://docs.base.org/base-camp/docs/introduction-to-ethereum/intro-to-ethereum-vid/) (8 min)
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The Ethereum Foundation maintains a set of articles around the core functionality of Ethereum. These are all core readings to understand the protocol. Most of these articles are short and should take roughly 5 - 10 min each.
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| Title | Description |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| [Intro to Ethereum](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/intro-to-ethereum/) | Introduction to the Ethereum Blockchain |
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| [Intro to Ether](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/intro-to-ether/) | Introduction to Ether Cryptocurrency |
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| [Introduction to Dapps](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/dapps/) | Introduction to Decentralized Applications |
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| [Web2 vs Web3](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/web2-vs-web3/) | The differences between Web2 and Web3 |
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| [Ethereum Accounts](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/accounts/) | How Accounts work on Ethereum |
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| [Transactions](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/) | What makes an Ethereum Transaction and how they work |
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| [Blocks](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/blocks/) | How Ethereum state organizes into Blocks |
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| [EVM (skip Opcodes)](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/) | How the Ethereum Virtual Machine powers computation in the protocol |
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| [Gas](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/gas/) | How gas is used as fees in the network |
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| [Nodes and Clients](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/) | Overview of Ethereum Nodes and the clients used to run them |
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| [Client Diversity](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/client-diversity/) | Why there are multiple clients for running Ethereum |
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| [Node Architecture](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/nodes-and-clients/node-architecture/) | The software architecture of an Ethereum node between the consensus and execution clients |
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| [Networks](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/networks/) | Overview of the different Ethereum networks |
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| [Consensus Mechanisms](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/) | High level overview of how consensus works |
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| [Proof of Work](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/) | Covers how Ethereum consensus worked pre-Merge |
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| [Proof of Stake](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pos/) | Covers how Ethereum consensus currently works |
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| [Standards](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/standards/) | This covers EIPs and how Ethereum upgrades itself as well as the token standards that have been implemented |
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Finish remaining [Introduction to Ethereum](https://docs.base.org/base-camp/docs/introduction-to-ethereum/ethereum-dev-overview-vid) Section on Base Camp
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(excluding the Guide to Base) (30 min)
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To understand where Ethereum is headed, [this graphic](https://github.com/dcbuild3r/blockchain-development-guide/blob/main/images/ethereum_roadmap.png) covers all the changes that have happened and are coming to the protocol

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