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general.c
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/* general.c -- Stuff that is used by all files. */
/* Copyright (C) 1987-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "bashtypes.h"
#if defined (HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H)
# include <sys/param.h>
#endif
#include "posixstat.h"
#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include "filecntl.h"
#include "bashansi.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include "chartypes.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include "bashintl.h"
#include "shell.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "findcmd.h"
#include "test.h"
#include "trap.h"
#include "pathexp.h"
#include "builtins/common.h"
#if defined (HAVE_MBSTR_H) && defined (HAVE_MBSCHR)
# include <mbstr.h> /* mbschr */
#endif
#include <tilde/tilde.h>
#if !defined (errno)
extern int errno;
#endif /* !errno */
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
# include <sys/cygwin.h>
#endif
static char *bash_special_tilde_expansions PARAMS((char *));
static int unquoted_tilde_word PARAMS((const char *));
static void initialize_group_array PARAMS((void));
/* A standard error message to use when getcwd() returns NULL. */
const char * const bash_getcwd_errstr = N_("getcwd: cannot access parent directories");
/* Do whatever is necessary to initialize `Posix mode'. This currently
modifies the following variables which are controlled via shopt:
interactive_comments
source_uses_path
expand_aliases
inherit_errexit
print_shift_error
posixglob
and the following variables which cannot be user-modified:
source_searches_cwd
If we add to the first list, we need to change the table and functions
below */
static struct {
int *posix_mode_var;
} posix_vars[] =
{
&interactive_comments,
&source_uses_path,
&expand_aliases,
&inherit_errexit,
&print_shift_error,
0
};
static char *saved_posix_vars = 0;
void
posix_initialize (on)
int on;
{
/* Things that should be turned on when posix mode is enabled. */
if (on != 0)
{
interactive_comments = source_uses_path = expand_aliases = 1;
inherit_errexit = 1;
source_searches_cwd = 0;
print_shift_error = 1;
}
/* Things that should be turned on when posix mode is disabled. */
else if (saved_posix_vars) /* on == 0, restore saved settings */
{
set_posix_options (saved_posix_vars);
free (saved_posix_vars);
saved_posix_vars = 0;
}
else /* on == 0, restore a default set of settings */
{
source_searches_cwd = 1;
expand_aliases = interactive_shell;
print_shift_error = 0;
}
}
int
num_posix_options ()
{
return ((sizeof (posix_vars) / sizeof (posix_vars[0])) - 1);
}
char *
get_posix_options (bitmap)
char *bitmap;
{
register int i;
if (bitmap == 0)
bitmap = (char *)xmalloc (num_posix_options ()); /* no trailing NULL */
for (i = 0; posix_vars[i].posix_mode_var; i++)
bitmap[i] = *(posix_vars[i].posix_mode_var);
return bitmap;
}
#undef save_posix_options
void
save_posix_options ()
{
saved_posix_vars = get_posix_options (saved_posix_vars);
}
void
set_posix_options (bitmap)
const char *bitmap;
{
register int i;
for (i = 0; posix_vars[i].posix_mode_var; i++)
*(posix_vars[i].posix_mode_var) = bitmap[i];
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Functions to convert to and from and display non-standard types */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
#if defined (RLIMTYPE)
RLIMTYPE
string_to_rlimtype (s)
char *s;
{
RLIMTYPE ret;
int neg;
ret = 0;
neg = 0;
while (s && *s && whitespace (*s))
s++;
if (s && (*s == '-' || *s == '+'))
{
neg = *s == '-';
s++;
}
for ( ; s && *s && DIGIT (*s); s++)
ret = (ret * 10) + TODIGIT (*s);
return (neg ? -ret : ret);
}
void
print_rlimtype (n, addnl)
RLIMTYPE n;
int addnl;
{
char s[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (RLIMTYPE) + 1], *p;
p = s + sizeof(s);
*--p = '\0';
if (n < 0)
{
do
*--p = '0' - n % 10;
while ((n /= 10) != 0);
*--p = '-';
}
else
{
do
*--p = '0' + n % 10;
while ((n /= 10) != 0);
}
printf ("%s%s", p, addnl ? "\n" : "");
}
#endif /* RLIMTYPE */
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Input Validation Functions */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
/* Return non-zero if all of the characters in STRING are digits. */
int
all_digits (string)
const char *string;
{
register const char *s;
for (s = string; *s; s++)
if (DIGIT (*s) == 0)
return (0);
return (1);
}
/* Return non-zero if the characters pointed to by STRING constitute a
valid number. Stuff the converted number into RESULT if RESULT is
not null. */
int
legal_number (string, result)
const char *string;
intmax_t *result;
{
intmax_t value;
char *ep;
if (result)
*result = 0;
if (string == 0)
return 0;
errno = 0;
value = strtoimax (string, &ep, 10);
if (errno || ep == string)
return 0; /* errno is set on overflow or underflow */
/* Skip any trailing whitespace, since strtoimax does not. */
while (whitespace (*ep))
ep++;
/* If *string is not '\0' but *ep is '\0' on return, the entire string
is valid. */
if (*string && *ep == '\0')
{
if (result)
*result = value;
/* The SunOS4 implementation of strtol() will happily ignore
overflow conditions, so this cannot do overflow correctly
on those systems. */
return 1;
}
return (0);
}
/* Return 1 if this token is a legal shell `identifier'; that is, it consists
solely of letters, digits, and underscores, and does not begin with a
digit. */
int
legal_identifier (name)
const char *name;
{
register const char *s;
unsigned char c;
if (!name || !(c = *name) || (legal_variable_starter (c) == 0))
return (0);
for (s = name + 1; (c = *s) != 0; s++)
{
if (legal_variable_char (c) == 0)
return (0);
}
return (1);
}
/* Return 1 if NAME is a valid value that can be assigned to a nameref
variable. FLAGS can be 2, in which case the name is going to be used
to create a variable. Other values are currently unused, but could
be used to allow values to be stored and indirectly referenced, but
not used in assignments. */
int
valid_nameref_value (name, flags)
const char *name;
int flags;
{
if (name == 0 || *name == 0)
return 0;
/* valid identifier */
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
if (legal_identifier (name) || (flags != 2 && valid_array_reference (name, 0)))
#else
if (legal_identifier (name))
#endif
return 1;
return 0;
}
int
check_selfref (name, value, flags)
const char *name;
char *value;
int flags;
{
char *t;
if (STREQ (name, value))
return 1;
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
if (valid_array_reference (value, 0))
{
t = array_variable_name (value, 0, (char **)NULL, (int *)NULL);
if (t && STREQ (name, t))
{
free (t);
return 1;
}
free (t);
}
#endif
return 0; /* not a self reference */
}
/* Make sure that WORD is a valid shell identifier, i.e.
does not contain a dollar sign, nor is quoted in any way.
If CHECK_WORD is non-zero,
the word is checked to ensure that it consists of only letters,
digits, and underscores, and does not consist of all digits. */
int
check_identifier (word, check_word)
WORD_DESC *word;
int check_word;
{
if (word->flags & (W_HASDOLLAR|W_QUOTED)) /* XXX - HASDOLLAR? */
{
internal_error (_("`%s': not a valid identifier"), word->word);
return (0);
}
else if (check_word && (all_digits (word->word) || legal_identifier (word->word) == 0))
{
internal_error (_("`%s': not a valid identifier"), word->word);
return (0);
}
else
return (1);
}
/* Return 1 if STRING is a function name that the shell will import from
the environment. Currently we reject attempts to import shell functions
containing slashes, beginning with newlines or containing blanks. In
Posix mode, we require that STRING be a valid shell identifier. Not
used yet. */
int
importable_function_name (string, len)
const char *string;
size_t len;
{
if (absolute_program (string)) /* don't allow slash */
return 0;
if (*string == '\n') /* can't start with a newline */
return 0;
if (shellblank (*string) || shellblank(string[len-1]))
return 0;
return (posixly_correct ? legal_identifier (string) : 1);
}
int
exportable_function_name (string)
const char *string;
{
if (absolute_program (string))
return 0;
if (mbschr (string, '=') != 0)
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* Return 1 if STRING comprises a valid alias name. The shell accepts
essentially all characters except those which must be quoted to the
parser (which disqualifies them from alias expansion anyway) and `/'. */
int
legal_alias_name (string, flags)
const char *string;
int flags;
{
register const char *s;
for (s = string; *s; s++)
if (shellbreak (*s) || shellxquote (*s) || shellexp (*s) || (*s == '/'))
return 0;
return 1;
}
/* Returns non-zero if STRING is an assignment statement. The returned value
is the index of the `=' sign. If FLAGS&1 we are expecting a compound assignment
and require an array subscript before the `=' to denote an assignment
statement. */
int
assignment (string, flags)
const char *string;
int flags;
{
register unsigned char c;
register int newi, indx;
c = string[indx = 0];
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
/* If parser_state includes PST_COMPASSIGN, FLAGS will include 1, so we are
parsing the contents of a compound assignment. If parser_state includes
PST_REPARSE, we are in the middle of an assignment statement and breaking
the words between the parens into words and assignment statements, but
we don't need to check for that right now. Within a compound assignment,
the subscript is required to make the word an assignment statement. If
we don't have a subscript, even if the word is a valid assignment
statement otherwise, we don't want to treat it as one. */
if ((flags & 1) && c != '[') /* ] */
return (0);
else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && legal_variable_starter (c) == 0)
#else
if (legal_variable_starter (c) == 0)
#endif
return (0);
while (c = string[indx])
{
/* The following is safe. Note that '=' at the start of a word
is not an assignment statement. */
if (c == '=')
return (indx);
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
if (c == '[')
{
newi = skipsubscript (string, indx, (flags & 2) ? 1 : 0);
/* XXX - why not check for blank subscripts here, if we do in
valid_array_reference? */
if (string[newi++] != ']')
return (0);
if (string[newi] == '+' && string[newi+1] == '=')
return (newi + 1);
return ((string[newi] == '=') ? newi : 0);
}
#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
/* Check for `+=' */
if (c == '+' && string[indx+1] == '=')
return (indx + 1);
/* Variable names in assignment statements may contain only letters,
digits, and `_'. */
if (legal_variable_char (c) == 0)
return (0);
indx++;
}
return (0);
}
int
line_isblank (line)
const char *line;
{
register int i;
if (line == 0)
return 0; /* XXX */
for (i = 0; line[i]; i++)
if (isblank ((unsigned char)line[i]) == 0)
break;
return (line[i] == '\0');
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Functions to manage files and file descriptors */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
/* A function to unset no-delay mode on a file descriptor. Used in shell.c
to unset it on the fd passed as stdin. Should be called on stdin if
readline gets an EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK when trying to read input. */
#if !defined (O_NDELAY)
# if defined (FNDELAY)
# define O_NDELAY FNDELAY
# endif
#endif /* O_NDELAY */
/* Make sure no-delay mode is not set on file descriptor FD. */
int
sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fd)
int fd;
{
int flags, bflags;
if ((flags = fcntl (fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
return -1;
bflags = 0;
/* This is defined to O_NDELAY in filecntl.h if O_NONBLOCK is not present
and O_NDELAY is defined. */
#ifdef O_NONBLOCK
bflags |= O_NONBLOCK;
#endif
#ifdef O_NDELAY
bflags |= O_NDELAY;
#endif
if (flags & bflags)
{
flags &= ~bflags;
return (fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, flags));
}
return 0;
}
/* Just a wrapper for the define in include/filecntl.h */
int
sh_setclexec (fd)
int fd;
{
return (SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (fd));
}
/* Return 1 if file descriptor FD is valid; 0 otherwise. */
int
sh_validfd (fd)
int fd;
{
return (fcntl (fd, F_GETFD, 0) >= 0);
}
int
fd_ispipe (fd)
int fd;
{
errno = 0;
return ((lseek (fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) < 0) && (errno == ESPIPE));
}
/* There is a bug in the NeXT 2.1 rlogind that causes opens
of /dev/tty to fail. */
#if defined (__BEOS__)
/* On BeOS, opening in non-blocking mode exposes a bug in BeOS, so turn it
into a no-op. This should probably go away in the future. */
# undef O_NONBLOCK
# define O_NONBLOCK 0
#endif /* __BEOS__ */
void
check_dev_tty ()
{
int tty_fd;
char *tty;
tty_fd = open ("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK);
if (tty_fd < 0)
{
tty = (char *)ttyname (fileno (stdin));
if (tty == 0)
return;
tty_fd = open (tty, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK);
}
if (tty_fd >= 0)
close (tty_fd);
}
/* Return 1 if PATH1 and PATH2 are the same file. This is kind of
expensive. If non-NULL STP1 and STP2 point to stat structures
corresponding to PATH1 and PATH2, respectively. */
int
same_file (path1, path2, stp1, stp2)
const char *path1, *path2;
struct stat *stp1, *stp2;
{
struct stat st1, st2;
if (stp1 == NULL)
{
if (stat (path1, &st1) != 0)
return (0);
stp1 = &st1;
}
if (stp2 == NULL)
{
if (stat (path2, &st2) != 0)
return (0);
stp2 = &st2;
}
return ((stp1->st_dev == stp2->st_dev) && (stp1->st_ino == stp2->st_ino));
}
int custom_getdtablesize() {
long max_fd = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
if (max_fd == -1) {
/* Fallback: Use getrlimit if sysconf fails */
struct rlimit limit;
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limit) == 0) {
return (int)limit.rlim_cur;
}
return 65536; // Indicate failure
}
return (int)max_fd;
}
/* Move FD to a number close to the maximum number of file descriptors
allowed in the shell process, to avoid the user stepping on it with
redirection and causing us extra work. If CHECK_NEW is non-zero,
we check whether or not the file descriptors are in use before
duplicating FD onto them. MAXFD says where to start checking the
file descriptors. If it's less than 20, we get the maximum value
available from getdtablesize(2). */
int
move_to_high_fd (fd, check_new, maxfd)
int fd, check_new, maxfd;
{
int script_fd, nfds, ignore;
if (maxfd < 20)
{
nfds = custom_getdtablesize ();
if (nfds <= 0)
nfds = 20;
if (nfds > HIGH_FD_MAX)
nfds = HIGH_FD_MAX; /* reasonable maximum */
}
else
nfds = maxfd;
for (nfds--; check_new && nfds > 3; nfds--)
if (fcntl (nfds, F_GETFD, &ignore) == -1)
break;
if (nfds > 3 && fd != nfds && (script_fd = dup2 (fd, nfds)) != -1)
{
if (check_new == 0 || fd != fileno (stderr)) /* don't close stderr */
close (fd);
return (script_fd);
}
/* OK, we didn't find one less than our artificial maximum; return the
original file descriptor. */
return (fd);
}
/* Return non-zero if the characters from SAMPLE are not all valid
characters to be found in the first line of a shell script. We
check up to the first newline, or SAMPLE_LEN, whichever comes first.
All of the characters must be printable or whitespace. */
int
check_binary_file (sample, sample_len)
const char *sample;
int sample_len;
{
register int i;
unsigned char c;
if (sample_len >= 4 && sample[0] == 0x7f && sample[1] == 'E' && sample[2] == 'L' && sample[3] == 'F')
return 1;
/* Generally we check the first line for NULs. If the first line looks like
a `#!' interpreter specifier, we just look for NULs anywhere in the
buffer. */
if (sample[0] == '#' && sample[1] == '!')
return (memchr (sample, '\0', sample_len) != NULL);
for (i = 0; i < sample_len; i++)
{
c = sample[i];
if (c == '\n')
return (0);
if (c == '\0')
return (1);
}
return (0);
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Functions to manipulate pipes */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
int
sh_openpipe (pv)
int *pv;
{
int r;
if ((r = pipe (pv)) < 0)
return r;
pv[0] = move_to_high_fd (pv[0], 1, 64);
pv[1] = move_to_high_fd (pv[1], 1, 64);
return 0;
}
int
sh_closepipe (pv)
int *pv;
{
if (pv[0] >= 0)
close (pv[0]);
if (pv[1] >= 0)
close (pv[1]);
pv[0] = pv[1] = -1;
return 0;
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Functions to inspect pathnames */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
int
file_exists (fn)
const char *fn;
{
struct stat sb;
return (stat (fn, &sb) == 0);
}
int
file_isdir (fn)
const char *fn;
{
struct stat sb;
return ((stat (fn, &sb) == 0) && S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode));
}
int
file_iswdir (fn)
const char *fn;
{
return (file_isdir (fn) && sh_eaccess (fn, W_OK) == 0);
}
/* Return 1 if STRING is "." or "..", optionally followed by a directory
separator */
int
path_dot_or_dotdot (string)
const char *string;
{
if (string == 0 || *string == '\0' || *string != '.')
return (0);
/* string[0] == '.' */
if (PATHSEP(string[1]) || (string[1] == '.' && PATHSEP(string[2])))
return (1);
return (0);
}
/* Return 1 if STRING contains an absolute pathname, else 0. Used by `cd'
to decide whether or not to look up a directory name in $CDPATH. */
int
absolute_pathname (string)
const char *string;
{
if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
return (0);
if (ABSPATH(string))
return (1);
if (string[0] == '.' && PATHSEP(string[1])) /* . and ./ */
return (1);
if (string[0] == '.' && string[1] == '.' && PATHSEP(string[2])) /* .. and ../ */
return (1);
return (0);
}
/* Return 1 if STRING is an absolute program name; it is absolute if it
contains any slashes. This is used to decide whether or not to look
up through $PATH. */
int
absolute_program (string)
const char *string;
{
return ((char *)mbschr (string, '/') != (char *)NULL);
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Functions to manipulate pathnames */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
/* Turn STRING (a pathname) into an absolute pathname, assuming that
DOT_PATH contains the symbolic location of `.'. This always
returns a new string, even if STRING was an absolute pathname to
begin with. */
char *
make_absolute (string, dot_path)
const char *string, *dot_path;
{
char *result;
if (dot_path == 0 || ABSPATH(string))
#ifdef __CYGWIN__
{
char pathbuf[PATH_MAX + 1];
/* WAS cygwin_conv_to_full_posix_path (string, pathbuf); */
cygwin_conv_path (CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX, string, pathbuf, PATH_MAX);
result = savestring (pathbuf);
}
#else
result = savestring (string);
#endif
else
result = sh_makepath (dot_path, string, 0);
return (result);
}
/* Return the `basename' of the pathname in STRING (the stuff after the
last '/'). If STRING is `/', just return it. */
char *
base_pathname (string)
char *string;
{
char *p;
#if 0
if (absolute_pathname (string) == 0)
return (string);
#endif
if (string[0] == '/' && string[1] == 0)
return (string);
p = (char *)strrchr (string, '/');
return (p ? ++p : string);
}
/* Return the full pathname of FILE. Easy. Filenames that begin
with a '/' are returned as themselves. Other filenames have
the current working directory prepended. A new string is
returned in either case. */
char *
full_pathname (file)
char *file;
{
char *ret;
file = (*file == '~') ? bash_tilde_expand (file, 0) : savestring (file);
if (ABSPATH(file))
return (file);
ret = sh_makepath ((char *)NULL, file, (MP_DOCWD|MP_RMDOT));
free (file);
return (ret);
}
/* A slightly related function. Get the prettiest name of this
directory possible. */
static char tdir[PATH_MAX];
/* Return a pretty pathname. If the first part of the pathname is
the same as $HOME, then replace that with `~'. */
char *
polite_directory_format (name)
char *name;
{
char *home;
int l;
home = get_string_value ("HOME");
l = home ? strlen (home) : 0;
if (l > 1 && strncmp (home, name, l) == 0 && (!name[l] || name[l] == '/'))
{
strncpy (tdir + 1, name + l, sizeof(tdir) - 2);
tdir[0] = '~';
tdir[sizeof(tdir) - 1] = '\0';
return (tdir);
}
else
return (name);
}
/* Trim NAME. If NAME begins with `~/', skip over tilde prefix. Trim to
keep any tilde prefix and PROMPT_DIRTRIM trailing directory components
and replace the intervening characters with `...' */
char *
trim_pathname (name, maxlen)
char *name;
int maxlen;
{
int nlen, ndirs;
intmax_t nskip;
char *nbeg, *nend, *ntail, *v;
if (name == 0 || (nlen = strlen (name)) == 0)
return name;
nend = name + nlen;
v = get_string_value ("PROMPT_DIRTRIM");
if (v == 0 || *v == 0)
return name;
if (legal_number (v, &nskip) == 0 || nskip <= 0)
return name;
/* Skip over tilde prefix */
nbeg = name;
if (name[0] == '~')
for (nbeg = name; *nbeg; nbeg++)
if (*nbeg == '/')
{
nbeg++;
break;
}
if (*nbeg == 0)
return name;
for (ndirs = 0, ntail = nbeg; *ntail; ntail++)
if (*ntail == '/')
ndirs++;
if (ndirs < nskip)
return name;
for (ntail = (*nend == '/') ? nend : nend - 1; ntail > nbeg; ntail--)
{
if (*ntail == '/')
nskip--;
if (nskip == 0)
break;
}
if (ntail == nbeg)
return name;
/* Now we want to return name[0..nbeg]+"..."+ntail, modifying name in place */
nlen = ntail - nbeg;
if (nlen <= 3)
return name;
*nbeg++ = '.';
*nbeg++ = '.';
*nbeg++ = '.';
nlen = nend - ntail;
memmove (nbeg, ntail, nlen);
nbeg[nlen] = '\0';
return name;
}
/* Return a printable representation of FN without special characters. The