linker-tools-error-lnk2031.md

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Learn more about: Linker Tools Error LNK2031	Linker Tools Error LNK2031	11/04/2016	LNK2031	LNK2031	18ed4b6e-3e75-443c-bbd8-2f6030dc89ee

Linker Tools Error LNK2031

unable to generate p/invoke for "function_declaration" decorated_name; calling convention missing in metadata

Remarks

When attempting to import a native function into a pure image, remember that the implicit calling conventions differ between native and pure compilations. For more information about pure images, see Pure and Verifiable Code (C++/CLI).

The /clr:pure compiler option is deprecated in Visual Studio 2015 and unsupported in Visual Studio 2017.

Examples

This code sample generates a component with an exported, native, function whose calling convention is implicitly __cdecl.

// LNK2031.cpp
// compile with: /LD
extern "C" {
   __declspec(dllexport) int func() { return 3; }
};

The following sample creates a pure client that consumes the native function. However, the calling convention under /clr:pure is __clrcall. The following sample generates LNK2031.

// LNK2031_b.cpp
// compile with: /clr:pure LNK2031.lib
// LNK2031 expected
extern "C" int func();

int main() {
   return func();
}

The following sample shows how to consume the native function from a pure image. Note the explicit __cdecl calling convention specifier.

// LNK2031_c.cpp
// compile with: /clr:pure LNK2031.lib
extern "C" int __cdecl func();

int main() {
   return func();
}