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title: What is standalone Machine Learning Server or R Server?
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title: What Is Standalone Machine Learning Server or R Server?
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description: Learn the differences between standalone R Server and Machine Learning Server in SQL Server Setup.
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author: VanMSFT
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ms.author: vanto
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ms.date: 08/01/2023
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ms.service: sql
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ms.subservice: machine-learning-services
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ms.topic: how-to
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ms.custom: intro-overview
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ms.custom:
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- intro-overview
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monikerRange: ">=sql-server-2016"
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---
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# What are standalone Machine Learning Server or R Server in SQL Server?
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[!INCLUDE [SQL Server 2016 and later](../../includes/applies-to-version/sqlserver2016.md)]
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[!INCLUDE [ML Server retirement banner](~/includes/machine-learning-server-retirement.md)]
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SQL Server provides installation support for a standalone R Server or Machine Learning Server that runs independently of SQL Server. Depending on your SQL Server version, a standalone server has a foundation of open-source R and possibly Python, overlaid with high-performance libraries from Microsoft that add statistical and predictive analytics at scale. Libraries also enable machine learning tasks scripted in R or Python.
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SQL Server provides installation support for a standalone R Server or Machine Learning Server that runs independently of SQL Server. Depending on your SQL Server version, a standalone server has a foundation of open-source R and possibly Python, overlaid with high-performance libraries from Microsoft that add statistical and predictive analytics at scale. Libraries also enable machine learning tasks scripted in R or Python.
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In SQL Server 2016, this feature is called **R Server (Standalone)** and is R-only. In SQL Server 2017, it's called **Machine Learning Server (Standalone)** and includes both R and Python.
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In SQL Server 2016, this feature is called **R Server (Standalone)** and is R-only. In SQL Server 2017, it's called **Machine Learning Server (Standalone)** and includes both R and Python.
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> [!Note]
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> [!NOTE]
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> As installed by SQL Server Setup, a standalone server is functionally equivalent to the non-SQL-branded versions of [Microsoft Machine Learning Server](/machine-learning-server/what-is-machine-learning-server), supporting the same user scenarios, including remote execution, operationalization and web services, and the complete collection of R and Python libraries.
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## Components
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SQL Server 2016 is R only. SQL Server 2017 supports R and Python. The following table describes the features in each version.
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| Component | Description |
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|-----------|-------------|
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| R packages |[**RevoScaleR**](ref-r-revoscaler.md) is the primary library for scalable R with functions for data manipulation, transformation, visualization, and analysis.<br/>[**MicrosoftML**](ref-r-microsoftml.md) adds machine learning algorithms to create custom models for text analysis, image analysis, and sentiment analysis.<br/>[**sqlRUtils**](ref-r-sqlrutils.md) provides helper functions for putting R scripts into a T-SQL stored procedure, registering a stored procedure with a database, and running the stored procedure from an R development environment.<br/>[**olapR**](ref-r-olapr.md) is for specifying MDX queries in R.|
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|---|---|
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| R packages |[**RevoScaleR**](ref-r-revoscaler.md) is the primary library for scalable R with functions for data manipulation, transformation, visualization, and analysis.<br/>[**MicrosoftML**](ref-r-microsoftml.md) adds machine learning algorithms to create custom models for text analysis, image analysis, and sentiment analysis.<br/>[**sqlRUtils**](ref-r-sqlrutils.md) provides helper functions for putting R scripts into a T-SQL stored procedure, registering a stored procedure with a database, and running the stored procedure from an R development environment.<br/>[**olapR**](ref-r-olapr.md) is for specifying MDX queries in R.|
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| Microsoft R Open (MRO) | Microsoft R Open ([retired](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-sql-blog/microsoft-r-application-network-retirement/ba-p/3707161)) was Microsoft's open-source distribution of R. |
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| R tools | R console windows and command prompts are standard tools in an R distribution. Find them at \Program files\Microsoft SQL Server\140\R_SERVER\bin\x64. |
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| R Samples and scripts |Open-source R and RevoScaleR packages include built-in data sets so that you can create and run script using pre-installed data. Look for them at \Program files\Microsoft SQL Server\140\R_SERVER\library\datasets and \library\RevoScaleR. |
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| Python packages |[**revoscalepy**](../python/ref-py-revoscalepy.md) is the primary library for scalable Python with functions for data manipulation, transformation, visualization, and analysis.<br/>[**microsoftml**](../python/ref-py-microsoftml.md) adds machine learning algorithms to create custom models for text analysis, image analysis, and sentiment analysis.|
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| R Samples and scripts | Open-source R and RevoScaleR packages include built-in data sets so that you can create and run script using pre-installed data. Look for them at \Program files\Microsoft SQL Server\140\R_SERVER\library\datasets and \library\RevoScaleR. |
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| Python packages |[**revoscalepy**](../python/ref-py-revoscalepy.md) is the primary library for scalable Python with functions for data manipulation, transformation, visualization, and analysis.<br/>[**microsoftml**](../python/ref-py-microsoftml.md) adds machine learning algorithms to create custom models for text analysis, image analysis, and sentiment analysis. |
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| Python tools | The built-in Python command-line tool is useful for ad hoc testing and tasks. Find the tool at \Program files\Microsoft SQL Server\140\PYTHON_SERVER\python.exe. |
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| Anaconda | Anaconda is an open-source distribution of Python and essential packages. |
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| Python samples and scripts | As with R, Python includes built-in data sets and scripts. Find the revoscalepy data at \Program files\Microsoft SQL Server\140\PYTHON_SERVER\lib\site-packages\revoscalepy\data\sample-data. |
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| Python samples and scripts | As with R, Python includes built-in data sets and scripts. Find the revoscalepy data at \Program files\Microsoft SQL Server\140\PYTHON_SERVER\lib\site-packages\revoscalepy\data\sample-data. |
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| Pre-trained models in R and Python | Pre-trained models are created for specific use cases and maintained by the data science engineering team at Microsoft. You can use the pre-trained models as-is to score positive-negative sentiment in text, or detect features in images, using new data inputs that you provide. Pre-trained models are supported and usable on a standalone server, but you cannot install them through SQL Server Setup. For more information, see [Install pretrained machine learning models on SQL Server](../install/sql-pretrained-models-install.md). |
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## Using a standalone server
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Install either one of these versions:
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+[SQL Server 2017 Machine Learning Server (standalone)](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md)
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+[SQL Server 2016 R Server (Standalone) - R only](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md?view=sql-server-2016&preserve-view=true)
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-[SQL Server 2017 Machine Learning Server (standalone)](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md)
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-[SQL Server 2016 R Server (Standalone) - R only](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md?view=sql-server-2016&preserve-view=true)
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### Step 2: Configure a development tool
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On a standalone server, it's common to work locally using a development installed on the same computer.
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+[Set up R tools](set-up-data-science-client.md)
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+[Set up Python tools](../python/setup-python-client-tools-sql.md)
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-[Set up R tools](set-up-data-science-client.md)
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-[Set up Python tools](../python/setup-python-client-tools-sql.md)
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### Step 3: Write your first script
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Write R or Python script using functions from RevoScaleR, revoscalepy, and the machine learning algorithms.
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+[Explore R and RevoScaleR in 25 Functions](/machine-learning-server/r/tutorial-r-to-revoscaler): Start with basic R commands and then progress to the RevoScaleR distributable analytical functions that provide high performance and scaling to R solutions. Includes parallelizable versions of many of the most popular R modeling packages, such as k-means clustering, decision trees, and decision forests, and tools for data manipulation.
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+[Quickstart: An example of binary classification with the microsoftml Python package](/machine-learning-server/python/quickstart-binary-classification-with-microsoftml): Create a binary classification model using the functions from microsoftml and the well-known breast cancer dataset.
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-[Explore R and RevoScaleR in 25 Functions](/machine-learning-server/r/tutorial-r-to-revoscaler): Start with basic R commands and then progress to the RevoScaleR distributable analytical functions that provide high performance and scaling to R solutions. Includes parallelizable versions of many of the most popular R modeling packages, such as k-means clustering, decision trees, and decision forests, and tools for data manipulation.
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-[Quickstart: An example of binary classification with the microsoftml Python package](/machine-learning-server/python/quickstart-binary-classification-with-microsoftml): Create a binary classification model using the functions from microsoftml and the well-known breast cancer dataset.
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Choose the best language for the task. R is best for statistical computations that are difficult to implement using SQL. For set-based operations over data, leverage the power of [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to achieve maximum performance. Use the in-memory database engine for very fast computations over columns.
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Choose the best language for the task. R is best for statistical computations that are difficult to implement using SQL. For set-based operations over data, use the power of [!INCLUDE[ssNoVersion](../../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] to achieve maximum performance. Use the in-memory database engine for very fast computations over columns.
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### Step 4: Operationalize your solution
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Standalone servers can use the [operationalization](/machine-learning-server/what-is-operationalization) functionality of the non-SQL-branded [Microsoft Machine Learning Server](/machine-learning-server/what-is-machine-learning-server). You can configure a standalone server for operationalization, which gives you these benefits: deploy and host your code as web services, run diagnostics, test web service capacity.
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### Step 5: Maintain your server
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SQL Server releases cumulative updates on a regular basis. Applying the cumulative updates adds security and functional enhancements to an existing installation.
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SQL Server releases cumulative updates on a regular basis. Applying the cumulative updates adds security and functional enhancements to an existing installation.
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Descriptions of new or changed functionality can be found in the [CAB Downloads](../install/sql-ml-cab-downloads.md) article and on the web pages for [SQL Server 2016 cumulative updates](https://support.microsoft.com/help/3177312/sql-server-2016-build-versions) and [SQL Server 2017 cumulative updates](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4047329).
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Descriptions of new or changed functionality can be found in the [CAB Downloads](../install/sql-ml-cab-downloads.md) article and on the web pages for [SQL Server 2016 cumulative updates](https://support.microsoft.com/help/3177312/sql-server-2016-build-versions) and [SQL Server 2017 cumulative updates](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2017/build-versions).
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For more information on how to apply updates to an existing instance, see [Apply updates](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md#apply-cu) in the installation instructions.
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## See also
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## Related content
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[Install R Server (Standalone) or Machine Learning Server (Standalone)](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md)
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-[Install R Server (Standalone) or Machine Learning Server (Standalone)](../install/sql-machine-learning-standalone-windows-install.md)
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/relational-databases/databases/view-or-change-the-compatibility-level-of-a-database.md
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---
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title: "View or change the compatibility level of a database"
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title: "View or Change the Compatibility Level of a Database"
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description: Learn how to view or change the compatibility level of a database in SQL Server or Azure SQL by using SQL Server Management Studio or Transact-SQL.
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author: WilliamDAssafMSFT
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ms.author: wiassaf
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ms.reviewer: randolphwest
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ms.date: 07/25/2024
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ms.date: 04/22/2025
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ms.service: sql
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ms.subservice: supportability
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ms.topic: how-to
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Requires `ALTER` permission on the database.
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## <aid="SSMSProcedure"></a> Use SQL Server Management Studio
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<aid="SSMSProcedure"></a>
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## Use SQL Server Management Studio
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To view or change the compatibility level of a database using [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](../../ssms/sql-server-management-studio-ssms.md)
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To change the compatibility level, select a different option from the list. The available options for different [!INCLUDE [ssDE-md](../../includes/ssde-md.md)] versions are listed in the [ALTER DATABASE Compatibility Level (Transact-SQL)](../../t-sql/statements/alter-database-transact-sql-compatibility-level.md#supported-dbcompats) page.
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## <aid="TsqlProcedure"></a> Use Transact-SQL
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<aid="TsqlProcedure"></a>
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## Use Transact-SQL
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You can use Transact-SQL to view or change the compatibility level of a database using SSMS or [Azure Data Studio](/azure-data-studio/what-is-azure-data-studio).
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You can use Transact-SQL to view or change the compatibility level of a database using SSMS.
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### View the compatibility level of a database
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1. Copy and paste the following example into the query window and select **Execute**. This example returns the compatibility level of the [!INCLUDE [sssampledbobject-md](../../includes/sssampledbobject-md.md)][sample database](../../samples/adventureworks-install-configure.md).
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```sql
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USE AdventureWorks2022;
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GO
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SELECT compatibility_level
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FROMsys.databasesWHERE name ='AdventureWorks2022';
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FROMsys.databases
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WHERE [name] ='AdventureWorks2022';
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GO
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```
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GO
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```
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> [!NOTE]
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> The compatibility level of a [Fabric SQL database](/fabric/database/sql/overview) cannot be changed, and always uses the latest version.
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> [!NOTE]
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> The compatibility level of a [SQL database in Microsoft Fabric (Preview)](/fabric/database/sql/overview) cannot be changed, and always uses the latest version.
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| Column name | Type | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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|`event_time`|**datetime2**|Date and time when the auditable action is fired. Not nullable. |
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|`event_time`|**datetime2**|UTC date and time when the auditable action is fired. Not nullable. |
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|`sequence_number`|**int**| Tracks the sequence of records within a single audit record that was too large to fit in the write buffer for audits. Not nullable. |
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|`action_id`|**varchar(4)**| ID of the action. Not nullable. |
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|`succeeded`|**bit**| Indicates whether the action that triggered the event succeeded. Not nullable. For all events other than login events, this only reports whether the permission check succeeded or failed, not the operation.<br /><br />`1` = success<br />`0` = fail |
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The capture process is also used to maintain history on the DDL changes to tracked tables. The DDL statements that are associated with change data capture make entries to the database transaction log whenever a change data capture-enabled database or table is dropped or columns of a change data capture-enabled table are added, modified, or dropped. These log entries are processed by the capture process, which then posts the associated DDL events to the cdc.ddl_history table. You can obtain information about DDL events that affect tracked tables by using the stored procedure [sys.sp_cdc_get_ddl_history](../system-stored-procedures/sys-sp-cdc-get-ddl-history-transact-sql.md).
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> [!WARNING]
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> -**MaxCmdsInTran** was not designed to always be turned on. It exists to work around cases where someone accidentally performed a large number of DML operations in a single transaction (causing a delay in the distribution of commands until the entire transaction is in the distribution database, locks being held, etc.). If you routinely fall into this situation, review your application logic to find ways to reduce the transaction size.
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> -**MaxCmdsInTran** is not supported if the given publication database has both CDC and replication enabled. Using **MaxCmdsInTran** in this configuration may lead to data loss in CDC change tables. It may also cause PK errors if the **MaxCmdsInTran** parameter is added and removed while replicating a large Transaction.
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> -[**MaxCmdsInTran**](../replication/agents/replication-log-reader-agent.md#-maxcmdsintran-number_of_commands) was not designed to always be turned on. It exists to work around cases where someone accidentally performed a large number of DML operations in a single transaction (causing a delay in the distribution of commands until the entire transaction is in the distribution database, locks being held, etc.). If you routinely fall into this situation, review your application logic to find ways to reduce the transaction size.
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> -[**MaxCmdsInTran**](../replication/agents/replication-log-reader-agent.md#-maxcmdsintran-number_of_commands) is not supported if the given publication database has both CDC and replication enabled. Using **MaxCmdsInTran** in this configuration may lead to data loss in CDC change tables. It may also cause PK errors if the **MaxCmdsInTran** parameter is added and removed while replicating a large Transaction.
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