diff --git a/arbitrum/recordingdb.go b/arbitrum/recordingdb.go
index f7fd01752..c7a3f3472 100644
--- a/arbitrum/recordingdb.go
+++ b/arbitrum/recordingdb.go
@@ -32,17 +32,19 @@ type RecordingKV struct {
 	inner         *triedb.Database
 	diskDb        ethdb.KeyValueStore
 	readDbEntries map[common.Hash][]byte
+	mutex         sync.Mutex
 	enableBypass  bool
 }
 
 func newRecordingKV(inner *triedb.Database, diskDb ethdb.KeyValueStore) *RecordingKV {
-	return &RecordingKV{inner, diskDb, make(map[common.Hash][]byte), false}
+	return &RecordingKV{inner, diskDb, make(map[common.Hash][]byte), sync.Mutex{}, false}
 }
 
 func (db *RecordingKV) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) {
 	return false, errors.New("recording KV doesn't support Has")
 }
 
+// Get may be called concurrently with other Get calls
 func (db *RecordingKV) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	var hash common.Hash
 	var res []byte
@@ -66,6 +68,8 @@ func (db *RecordingKV) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if crypto.Keccak256Hash(res) != hash {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("recording KV attempted to access non-hash key %v", hash)
 	}
+	db.mutex.Lock()
+	defer db.mutex.Unlock()
 	db.readDbEntries[hash] = res
 	return res, nil
 }
diff --git a/core/state/statedb.go b/core/state/statedb.go
index 6fa69d6d2..e0c8caa9c 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 package state
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"maps"
@@ -898,32 +897,15 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 		// later time.
 		workers.SetLimit(1)
 	}
-	if s.deterministic {
-		addressesToUpdate := make([]common.Address, 0, len(s.mutations))
-		for addr := range s.mutations {
-			addressesToUpdate = append(addressesToUpdate, addr)
-		}
-		sort.Slice(addressesToUpdate, func(i, j int) bool { return bytes.Compare(addressesToUpdate[i][:], addressesToUpdate[j][:]) < 0 })
-		for _, addr := range addressesToUpdate {
-			if obj := s.mutations[addr]; !obj.applied && !obj.isDelete() {
-				obj := s.stateObjects[addr] // closure for the task runner below
-				workers.Go(func() error {
-					obj.updateRoot()
-					return nil
-				})
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		for addr, op := range s.mutations {
-			if op.applied || op.isDelete() {
-				continue
-			}
-			obj := s.stateObjects[addr] // closure for the task runner below
-			workers.Go(func() error {
-				obj.updateRoot()
-				return nil
-			})
+	for addr, op := range s.mutations {
+		if op.applied || op.isDelete() {
+			continue
 		}
+		obj := s.stateObjects[addr] // closure for the task runner below
+		workers.Go(func() error {
+			obj.updateRoot()
+			return nil
+		})
 	}
 	workers.Wait()
 	s.StorageUpdates += time.Since(start)
@@ -968,6 +950,9 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 		}
 		usedAddrs = append(usedAddrs, common.CopyBytes(addr[:])) // Copy needed for closure
 	}
+	if s.deterministic {
+		sort.Slice(deletedAddrs, func(i, j int) bool { return deletedAddrs[i].Cmp(deletedAddrs[j]) < 0 })
+	}
 	for _, deletedAddr := range deletedAddrs {
 		s.deleteStateObject(deletedAddr)
 		s.AccountDeleted += 1