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---
layout: slides
title: "Microbiota, DNA and sequencing?"
---
---
### Anna loves craft beer
---
### Anna loves craft beer
---
### What is a micro-organism?
.footnote[[Sources](http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/pandoraviruses-relics-of-a-hidden-domain-of-life/attachment/joe3/)]
???
Need to change it probably
---
### Where can we find micro-organisms?
???
Make them vote for each image if there is micro-organisms
---
### Where can we find micro-organisms?
---
### Where can we find micro-organisms?
---
### Where can we find micro-organisms?
---
### Where can we find micro-organisms?
---
### Where can we find micro-organisms?
</div>
???
Make them vote for each image if there is micro-organisms
---
### And what about in humans?
The main view about micro-organisms in human
.footnote[Source: [NIAD](https://www.flickr.com/photos/niaid)]
---
### And what about in humans?
But micro-organisms are mostly beneficial in humans
---
### Do we have more micro-organism cells or <br>human cells in our own body?
---
### Do we have more micro-organism cells or <br>human cells in our own body?
- **10 times** more micro-organism cells than human cells
- More than **10,000** different microbe species in one human
---
### What about beer?
---
### Key Ingredients of Beer
---
### 1. Brewing: Malting
---
### 2. Brewing: Mashing
---
### 3. Brewing: Boiling
---
### 4. Brewing: Fermentation
---
### How to identify micro-organisms?
???
- Historically, cultivation
- only 10% can be cultivated
---
### More than 90% of micro-organisms are unculturable
---
### Any other solution?
- How can we compare micro-organisms?
- What do you have in common with any other living organisms?
- What does make you different from your neighbor?
---
### DNA the blueprint of life
???
- DNA is the common element between organisms.
- But how can you determine it's difference?
---
### What is DNA?
???
- alphabets
- ATCG small moleculs
- consits of atoms
- Atoms are social
- How can we now read the DNA?
---
### Do you remember?
.footnote[[Sources](http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/pandoraviruses-relics-of-a-hidden-domain-of-life/attachment/joe3/)]
---
### DNA Sequencing
.footnote[[Sources](https://lerninhalte.blogspot.com/2013/04/dna-sequenzierung-kettenabbruchmethode.html)]
???
- Sanger: Very accurate but not feasable whole genones!
Do you konw of any genome or sequencing projects?
---
### The Human genome project
???
Huge development:
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) or
High Throughput Sequencing (HTS)
---
### How much effort to sequence a human genome?
---
### How to identify micro-organisms?
---
### Which micro-organisms inside beers?
---
### Sequencing and microbiota are part of our life
---
### Anna is not alone!
---
### What we are going to do?
---
### DNA extraction
---
### DNA sequencing
---
### Data analysis
<img src="/images/materials/bioinformatics/3.svg" width="400">
<img src="/images/protocols/beer-data-analysis/krona.png" width="400">
---