BreadthFirstSearch.php

<?php

/**
 * Breadth-first search (BFS) is an algorithm for searching a tree data structure for a node that satisfies
 * a given property.
 * (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search).
 *
 * This is a non-recursive implementation.
 *
 * References:
 * https://cp-algorithms.com/graph/breadth-first-search.html
 *
 * https://the-algorithms.com/algorithm/depth-first-search?lang=python
 *
 * @author Aryansh Bhargavan https://github.com/aryanshb
 * @param array $adjList An array representing the grapth as an Adjacent List
 * @param int|string $start The starting vertex
 * @return bool if path between start and end vertex exists
 */

function bfs($adjList, $start, $end, $yes = false)
{
    $visited = [];
    $queue = [$start];
    while (!empty($queue)) {
        $v = array_shift($queue);
        $visited[$v] = 1;
        foreach ($adjList[$v] as $adj) {
            if (!array_key_exists($adj, $visited)) {
                array_push($queue, $adj);
            }
        }
    }
    // return array_key_exists($end, $visited);
    if (array_key_exists($end, $visited)) {
        $yes = true;
    }
    return $yes;
}