Implemented Segment Tree Data Structure (#166)

* Added Disjoint Sets Data structure

* Moved DisjointSetTest.php to  tests/DataStructures

* Update DataStructures/DisjointSets/DisjointSet.php

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>

* Update DataStructures/DisjointSets/DisjointSetNode.php

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>

* Update DataStructures/DisjointSets/DisjointSetNode.php

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>

* Update tests/DataStructures/DisjointSetTest.php

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>

* Update tests/DataStructures/DisjointSetTest.php

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>

* Update tests/DataStructures/DisjointSetTest.php

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>

* Considered PHPCS remarks. Unit Testing is now working.

* Remove data type mixed. Considered annotations for php7.4.

* Remove data type mixed. Considered annotations for php7.4.

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Implemented Trie DataStructure

* Added Trie to DIRECTORY.md

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Implemented AVLTree DataStructure

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Implemented AVLTree DataStructure

* Implemented SegmentTreeNode.php

* Implementing SegmentTree

* Implementing SegmentTree with updateTree

* Implementing SegmentTree with rangeUpdateTree

* Implementing SegmentTree with query and queryTree

* Added serializing and deserializing of the SegmentTree

* Adding unit tests SegmentTree implementation

* Added unit tests for SegmentTree updates and range updates

* considering PHPCS for Added unit tests for SegmentTree updates and range updates

* Added unit tests for SegmentTree serialization/deserialization and array updates reflections

* Added unit tests for SegmentTree  Edge Cases

* Added unit tests for SegmentTree Exceptions (OutOfBoundsException, InvalidArgumentException)

* Added SegmentTree to DIRECTORY.md

* Implemented Segment Tree Data Structure

* Added some comments to my files in: #160, #162, #163, #166. Implemented Segment Tree Data Structure.

* Added some comments to my files in: #160, #162, #163, #166. Implemented Segment Tree Data Structure.

* Added comments time complexity for query(), update() and buildTree()

---------

Co-authored-by: Brandon Johnson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed <[email protected]>

Author: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed

Diff for: DIRECTORY.md

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
   * [Doublylinkedlist](./DataStructures/DoublyLinkedList.php)
   * [Node](./DataStructures/Node.php)
   * [Queue](./DataStructures/Queue.php)
+  * SegmentTree
+    * [SegmentTree](./DataStructures/SegmentTree/SegmentTree.php)
+    * [SegmentTreeNode](./DataStructures/SegmentTree/SegmentTreeNode.php)
   * [Singlylinkedlist](./DataStructures/SinglyLinkedList.php)
   * [Stack](./DataStructures/Stack.php)
   * Trie
@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@
     * [Disjointsettest](./tests/DataStructures/DisjointSetTest.php)
     * [Doublylinkedlisttest](./tests/DataStructures/DoublyLinkedListTest.php)
     * [Queuetest](./tests/DataStructures/QueueTest.php)
+    * [SegmentTreeTest](./tests/DataStructures/SegmentTreeTest.php)
     * [Singlylinkedlisttest](./tests/DataStructures/SinglyLinkedListTest.php)
     * [Stacktest](./tests/DataStructures/StackTest.php)
     * [Trietest](./tests/DataStructures/TrieTest.php)

Diff for: DataStructures/AVLTree/AVLTree.php

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
+/*
+ * Created by: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed (https://github.com/Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in Pull Request: #163
+ * https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/PHP/pull/163
+ *
+ * Please mention me (@Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in any issue or pull request addressing bugs/corrections to this file.
+ * Thank you!
+ */
+
 namespace DataStructures\AVLTree;
 
 /**

Diff for: DataStructures/AVLTree/AVLTreeNode.php

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
+/*
+ * Created by: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed (https://github.com/Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in Pull Request: #163
+ * https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/PHP/pull/163
+ *
+ * Please mention me (@Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in any issue or pull request addressing bugs/corrections to this file.
+ * Thank you!
+ */
+
 namespace DataStructures\AVLTree;
 
 class AVLTreeNode

Diff for: DataStructures/AVLTree/TreeTraversal.php

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
+/*
+ * Created by: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed (https://github.com/Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in Pull Request: #163
+ * https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/PHP/pull/163
+ *
+ * Please mention me (@Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in any issue or pull request addressing bugs/corrections to this file.
+ * Thank you!
+ */
+
 namespace DataStructures\AVLTree;
 
 abstract class TreeTraversal

Diff for: DataStructures/DisjointSets/DisjointSet.php

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
+/*
+ * Created by: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed (https://github.com/Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in Pull Request: #160
+ * https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/PHP/pull/160
+ *
+ * Please mention me (@Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in any issue or pull request addressing bugs/corrections to this file.
+ * Thank you!
+ */
+
 namespace DataStructures\DisjointSets;
 
 class DisjointSet

Diff for: DataStructures/DisjointSets/DisjointSetNode.php

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
+/*
+ * Created by: Ramy-Badr-Ahmed (https://github.com/Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in Pull Request: #160
+ * https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/PHP/pull/160
+ *
+ * Please mention me (@Ramy-Badr-Ahmed) in any issue or pull request addressing bugs/corrections to this file.
+ * Thank you!
+ */
+
 namespace DataStructures\DisjointSets;
 
 class DisjointSetNode