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‎Nginx/nginx-install.md

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#### 从源代码构建NGINX
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+ 1、NGINX是用C编写的程序，所以我们需要安装C编译器（GCC）。
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sudo apt install build-essential -y
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sudo apt install build-essential -y
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+ 2、下载最新版本的NGINX源代码并解压缩：
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wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz && tar zxvf nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz
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wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz && tar zxvf nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz
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+ 3、下载NGINX依赖项的源代码并解压缩
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> NGINX依赖于3个库：PCRE，zlib和OpenSSL：
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# PCRE version 4.4 - 8.40
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wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.40.tar.gz && tar xzvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
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# zlib version 1.1.3 - 1.2.11
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wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz && tar xzvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
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# OpenSSL version 1.0.2 - 1.1.0
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wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz && tar xzvf openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz
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# PCRE version 4.4 - 8.40
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wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.40.tar.gz && tar xzvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz
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# zlib version 1.1.3 - 1.2.11
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wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz && tar xzvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
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# OpenSSL version 1.0.2 - 1.1.0
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wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz && tar xzvf openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz
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+ 4、删除所有.tar.gz文件。我们不再需要了
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wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz && tar zxvf nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz
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wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz && tar zxvf nginx-1.13.1.tar.gz
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+ 5、转到NGINX源目录：``
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cd ~/nginx-1.13.1
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cd ~/nginx-1.13.1
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+ 6、有关帮助，您可以通过运行以下列出可用的配置开关
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./configure --help
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./configure --help
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+ 7、配置，编译和安装NGINX：
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./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx \
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--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
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--modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules \
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--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
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--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
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--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
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--pid-path=/run/nginx.pid \
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--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
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--user=www-data \
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--group=www-data \
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--build=Ubuntu \
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--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body \
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--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi \
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--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy \
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--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi \
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--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi \
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--with-openssl=../openssl-1.1.0f \
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--with-openssl-opt=enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 \
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--with-openssl-opt=no-nextprotoneg \
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--with-openssl-opt=no-weak-ssl-ciphers \
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--with-openssl-opt=no-ssl3 \
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--with-pcre=../pcre-8.40 \
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--with-pcre-jit \
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--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11 \
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--with-compat \
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--with-file-aio \
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--with-threads \
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--with-http_addition_module \
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--with-http_auth_request_module \
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--with-http_dav_module \
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--with-http_flv_module \
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--with-http_gunzip_module \
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--with-http_gzip_static_module \
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--with-http_mp4_module \
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--with-http_random_index_module \
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--with-http_realip_module \
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--with-http_slice_module \
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--with-http_ssl_module \
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--with-http_sub_module \
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--with-http_stub_status_module \
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--with-http_v2_module \
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--with-http_secure_link_module \
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--with-mail \
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--with-mail_ssl_module \
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--with-stream \
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--with-stream_realip_module \
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--with-stream_ssl_module \
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--with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
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--with-debug \
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--with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security
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-Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' \
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--with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now'
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make
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sudo make install
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./configure --prefix=/usr/share/nginx \
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--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
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--modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules \
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--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
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--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
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--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
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--pid-path=/run/nginx.pid \
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--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
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--user=www-data \
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--group=www-data \
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--build=Ubuntu \
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--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body \
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--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi \
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--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy \
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--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi \
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--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi \
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--with-openssl=../openssl-1.1.0f \
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--with-openssl-opt=enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 \
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--with-openssl-opt=no-nextprotoneg \
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--with-openssl-opt=no-weak-ssl-ciphers \
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--with-openssl-opt=no-ssl3 \
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--with-pcre=../pcre-8.40 \
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--with-pcre-jit \
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--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11 \
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--with-compat \
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--with-file-aio \
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--with-threads \
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--with-http_addition_module \
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--with-http_auth_request_module \
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--with-http_dav_module \
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--with-http_flv_module \
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--with-http_gunzip_module \
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--with-http_gzip_static_module \
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--with-http_mp4_module \
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--with-http_random_index_module \
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--with-http_realip_module \
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--with-http_slice_module \
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--with-http_ssl_module \
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--with-http_sub_module \
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--with-http_stub_status_module \
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--with-http_v2_module \
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--with-http_secure_link_module \
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--with-mail \
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--with-mail_ssl_module \
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--with-stream \
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--with-stream_realip_module \
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--with-stream_ssl_module \
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--with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
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--with-debug \
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--with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security
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-Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' \
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--with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now'
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make
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sudo make install
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+ 8、从主目录中删除所有下载的文件，在这种情况下/home/username：
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cd ~
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rm -r nginx-1.13.1/ openssl-1.1.0f/ pcre-8.40/ zlib-1.2.11/
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cd ~
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rm -r nginx-1.13.1/ openssl-1.1.0f/ pcre-8.40/ zlib-1.2.11/
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+ 9、检查NGINX版本和编译时间选项：
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```bash
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sudo nginx -v && sudo nginx -V
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# nginx version: nginx/1.13.0 (Ubuntu)
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# built by gcc 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4)
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# built with OpenSSL 1.1.0f 25 May 2017
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# TLS SNI support enabled
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# configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx . . .
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# . . .
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# . . .
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```
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sudo nginx -v && sudo nginx -V
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# nginx version: nginx/1.13.0 (Ubuntu)
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# built by gcc 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4)
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# built with OpenSSL 1.1.0f 25 May 2017
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# TLS SNI support enabled
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# configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx . . .
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# . . .
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# . . .
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+ 10、检查语法和潜在错误：
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```bash
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sudo nginx -t
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# Will throw this error nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/lib/nginx/body" failed (2: No such file or directory)
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# Just create directory
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mkdir -p /var/lib/nginx && sudo nginx -t
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```
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sudo nginx -t
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# Will throw this error nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/lib/nginx/body" failed (2: No such file or directory)
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# Just create directory
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mkdir -p /var/lib/nginx && sudo nginx -t
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+ 11、为NGINX创建systemd单元文件：
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```bash
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sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
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```
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sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
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+ 12、复制/粘贴以下内容：
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> 注意：根据NGINX的编译方式，PID文件和NGINX二进制文件的位置可能不同。
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```bash
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[Unit]
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Description=A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=forking
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PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
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ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
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ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
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ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;' -s reload
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ExecStop=-/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid
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TimeoutStopSec=5
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KillMode=mixed
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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[Unit]
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Description=A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=forking
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PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
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ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
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ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;'
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ExecReload=/usr/sbin/nginx -g 'daemon on; master_process on;' -s reload
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ExecStop=-/sbin/start-stop-daemon --quiet --stop --retry QUIT/5 --pidfile /run/nginx.pid
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TimeoutStopSec=5
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KillMode=mixed
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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+ 13、启动并启用NGINX服务：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start nginx.service && sudo systemctl enable nginx.service
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```
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sudo systemctl start nginx.service && sudo systemctl enable nginx.service
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+ 14、检查NGINX是否在重启后启动：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl is-enabled nginx.service
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# enabled
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```
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sudo systemctl is-enabled nginx.service
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# enabled
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+ 15、检查NGINX是否正在运行：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl status nginx.service
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ps aux | grep nginx
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curl -I 127.0.0.1
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```
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sudo systemctl status nginx.service
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ps aux | grep nginx
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curl -I 127.0.0.1
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+ 16、重新启动Ubuntu VPS以验证NGINX是否自动启动：
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```bash
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sudo shutdown -r now
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```
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sudo shutdown -r now
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+ 17、创建UFW NGINX应用程序配置文件：
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```bash
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sudo vim /etc/ufw/applications.d/nginx
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```
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sudo vim /etc/ufw/applications.d/nginx
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+ 18、复制/粘贴以下内容：
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```bash
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[Nginx HTTP]
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title=Web Server (Nginx, HTTP)
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description=Small, but very powerful and efficient web server
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ports=80/tcp
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[Nginx HTTPS]
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title=Web Server (Nginx, HTTPS)
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description=Small, but very powerful and efficient web server
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ports=443/tcp
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[Nginx HTTP]
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title=Web Server (Nginx, HTTP)
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description=Small, but very powerful and efficient web server
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ports=80/tcp
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[Nginx HTTPS]
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title=Web Server (Nginx, HTTPS)
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description=Small, but very powerful and efficient web server
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ports=443/tcp
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[Nginx Full]
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title=Web Server (Nginx, HTTP + HTTPS)
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description=Small, but very powerful and efficient web server
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ports=80,443/tcp
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[Nginx Full]
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title=Web Server (Nginx, HTTP + HTTPS)
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description=Small, but very powerful and efficient web server
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ports=80,443/tcp
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```
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+ 19、现在，验证UFW应用配置文件是否被创建和识别：
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```bash
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sudo ufw app list
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# Available applications:
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# Nginx Full
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# Nginx HTTP
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# Nginx HTTPS
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# OpenSSH
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```
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sudo ufw app list
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# Available applications:
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# Nginx Full
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# Nginx HTTP
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# Nginx HTTPS
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# OpenSSH
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### Build
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cd to NGINX source directory & run this:

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