HIGLab/site/en/cloudkit/01-tutorial.html at 41ece7fde2e9092b370357d50ca12d5fef33aedc · YuSeongChoi/HIGLab · GitHub

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<div class="top-bar"><div class="top-bar-inner"><a href="../index.html" class="top-logo">HIG <span>Lab</span></a><a href="01-tutorial.html" class="lang-toggle" style="font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:#0071e3;text-decoration:none;padding:4px 10px;border:1.5px solid #0071e3;border-radius:12px;">🌐 KO</a></div></div>
<article>
<h1>☁️ CloudKit 완전정복</h1>
<p>Use iCloud as a free backend — data sync, authentication, and push notifications without a server!</p>
<!-- higlab-metadata -->
<div style="display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:center;margin:12px 0 24px;padding:12px 16px;background:var(--tag-bg,#f5f5f7);border-radius:10px;font-size:13px;color:var(--text-2,#6e6e73);flex-wrap:wrap;">
  <span>⭐ Difficulty: ⭐⭐⭐</span>
  <span>⏱️ Est. Time: 3-4h</span>
  <span>📂 App Services</span>
</div>

<h2>✨ CloudKit is?</h2>
<p>CloudKit is Apple's free cloud database. With just an iCloud account, you can store and sync data without a separate server.</p>

<h2>📊 Database 종류</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">DatabaseTypes.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>

<span class="comment">// Public Database: 모든 사용자가 읽기 가능</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> publicDB = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().publicCloudDatabase

<span class="comment">// Private Database: 사용자 개인 데이터 (iCloud 로그인 필요)</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> privateDB = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase

<span class="comment">// Shared Database: 여러 사용자 간 공유 (iOS 10+)</span>
<span class="kw">let</span> sharedDB = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().sharedCloudDatabase</pre></div>

<h2>💾 Record 저장하기</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">SaveRecord.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>

<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">saveNote</span>(title: <span class="type">String</span>, content: <span class="type">String</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> record = <span class="type">CKRecord</span>(recordType: <span class="str">"Note"</span>)
    record[<span class="str">"title"</span>] = title <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>
    record[<span class="str">"content"</span>] = content <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>
    record[<span class="str">"createdAt"</span>] = <span class="type">Date</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>

    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.save(record)
}

<span class="comment">// 사용 예시</span>
<span class="type">Task</span> {
    <span class="kw">try await</span> <span class="func">saveNote</span>(title: <span class="str">"첫 번째 메모"</span>, content: <span class="str">"CloudKit 테스트"</span>)
}</pre></div>

<h2>🔍 Record 검색하기</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">QueryRecords.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>

<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">fetchNotes</span>() <span class="kw">async throws</span> -> [<span class="type">CKRecord</span>] {
    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase

    <span class="comment">// 모든 Note 가져오기</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> query = <span class="type">CKQuery</span>(
        recordType: <span class="str">"Note"</span>,
        predicate: <span class="type">NSPredicate</span>(value: <span class="kw">true</span>)
    )

    <span class="comment">// 최신순 정렬</span>
    query.sortDescriptors = [<span class="type">NSSortDescriptor</span>(key: <span class="str">"createdAt"</span>, ascending: <span class="kw">false</span>)]

    <span class="kw">let</span> (results, _) = <span class="kw">try await</span> database.records(matching: query)

    <span class="comment">// 결과 변환</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> records = results.compactMap { _, result <span class="kw">in</span>
        <span class="kw">try</span>? result.get()
    }

    <span class="kw">return</span> records
}

<span class="comment">// 특정 조건으로 검색</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">searchNotes</span>(keyword: <span class="type">String</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> -> [<span class="type">CKRecord</span>] {
    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase

    <span class="comment">// title에 keyword 포함</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> predicate = <span class="type">NSPredicate</span>(format: <span class="str">"title CONTAINS %@"</span>, keyword)
    <span class="kw">let</span> query = <span class="type">CKQuery</span>(recordType: <span class="str">"Note"</span>, predicate: predicate)

    <span class="kw">let</span> (results, _) = <span class="kw">try await</span> database.records(matching: query)
    <span class="kw">return</span> results.compactMap { <span class="kw">try</span>? $0.value.get() }
}</pre></div>

<h2>✏️ Record 수정 & 삭제</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">UpdateDelete.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="comment">// 수정</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">updateNote</span>(_ record: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>, newTitle: <span class="type">String</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    record[<span class="str">"title"</span>] = newTitle <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>
    record[<span class="str">"updatedAt"</span>] = <span class="type">Date</span>() <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>

    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.save(record)
}

<span class="comment">// 삭제</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">deleteNote</span>(_ record: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.deleteRecord(withID: record.recordID)
}

<span class="comment">// 여러 Record 한 번에 처리</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">batchSave</span>(_ records: [<span class="type">CKRecord</span>]) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.modifyRecords(saving: records, deleting: [])
}</pre></div>

<h2>🔗 Reference (관계)</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">References.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="comment">// 1:N 관계 구현</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">createComment</span>(noteRecord: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>, text: <span class="type">String</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> comment = <span class="type">CKRecord</span>(recordType: <span class="str">"Comment"</span>)
    comment[<span class="str">"text"</span>] = text <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>

    <span class="comment">// Note와 연결</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> reference = <span class="type">CKRecord</span>.<span class="type">Reference</span>(record: noteRecord, action: .deleteSelf)
    comment[<span class="str">"note"</span>] = reference

    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.save(comment)
}

<span class="comment">// 특정 Note의 모든 Comment 가져오기</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">fetchComments</span>(for noteRecord: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> -> [<span class="type">CKRecord</span>] {
    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase

    <span class="kw">let</span> reference = <span class="type">CKRecord</span>.<span class="type">Reference</span>(record: noteRecord, action: .none)
    <span class="kw">let</span> predicate = <span class="type">NSPredicate</span>(format: <span class="str">"note == %@"</span>, reference)
    <span class="kw">let</span> query = <span class="type">CKQuery</span>(recordType: <span class="str">"Comment"</span>, predicate: predicate)

    <span class="kw">let</span> (results, _) = <span class="kw">try await</span> database.records(matching: query)
    <span class="kw">return</span> results.compactMap { <span class="kw">try</span>? $0.value.get() }
}</pre></div>

<h2>📎 파일 업로드 (CKAsset)</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">AssetUpload.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>
<span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">UIKit</span>

<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">saveNoteWithImage</span>(title: <span class="type">String</span>, image: <span class="type">UIImage</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="comment">// 이미지를 임시 파일로 저장</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> tempDir = <span class="type">FileManager</span>.default.temporaryDirectory
    <span class="kw">let</span> imageURL = tempDir.appendingPathComponent(<span class="str">"temp_image.jpg"</span>)

    <span class="kw">if let</span> imageData = image.jpegData(compressionQuality: <span class="num">0.8</span>) {
        <span class="kw">try</span> imageData.write(to: imageURL)
    }

    <span class="comment">// CKAsset 생성</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> asset = <span class="type">CKAsset</span>(fileURL: imageURL)

    <span class="comment">// Record에 추가</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> record = <span class="type">CKRecord</span>(recordType: <span class="str">"Note"</span>)
    record[<span class="str">"title"</span>] = title <span class="kw">as</span> <span class="type">CKRecordValue</span>
    record[<span class="str">"image"</span>] = asset

    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.save(record)

    <span class="comment">// 임시 파일 삭제</span>
    <span class="kw">try</span>? <span class="type">FileManager</span>.default.removeItem(at: imageURL)
}

<span class="comment">// 이미지 다운로드</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">downloadImage</span>(from record: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>) <span class="kw">async</span> -> <span class="type">UIImage</span>? {
    <span class="kw">guard let</span> asset = record[<span class="str">"image"</span>] <span class="kw">as</span>? <span class="type">CKAsset</span>,
          <span class="kw">let</span> fileURL = asset.fileURL,
          <span class="kw">let</span> data = <span class="kw">try</span>? <span class="type">Data</span>(contentsOf: fileURL) <span class="kw">else</span> {
        <span class="kw">return nil</span>
    }

    <span class="kw">return</span> <span class="type">UIImage</span>(data: data)
}</pre></div>

<h2>🔔 실시간 동기화 (Subscription)</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">Subscription.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>

<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">subscribeToNotes</span>() <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase

    <span class="comment">// 모든 Note 변경 감지</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> predicate = <span class="type">NSPredicate</span>(value: <span class="kw">true</span>)
    <span class="kw">let</span> subscription = <span class="type">CKQuerySubscription</span>(
        recordType: <span class="str">"Note"</span>,
        predicate: predicate,
        options: [.firesOnRecordCreation, .firesOnRecordUpdate, .firesOnRecordDeletion]
    )

    <span class="comment">// 알림 설정</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> notification = <span class="type">CKSubscription</span>.<span class="type">NotificationInfo</span>()
    notification.shouldSendContentAvailable = <span class="kw">true</span>  <span class="comment">// Silent push</span>
    subscription.notificationInfo = notification

    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.save(subscription)
}

<span class="comment">// AppDelegate에서 푸시 처리</span>
<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">application</span>(
    _ application: <span class="type">UIApplication</span>,
    didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [<span class="type">AnyHashable</span>: <span class="type">Any</span>],
    fetchCompletionHandler completionHandler: @<span class="kw">escaping</span> (<span class="type">UIBackgroundFetchResult</span>) -> <span class="type">Void</span>
) {
    <span class="kw">let</span> notification = <span class="type">CKNotification</span>(fromRemoteNotificationDictionary: userInfo)

    <span class="kw">if</span> notification.notificationType == .query {
        <span class="comment">// 데이터 다시 로드</span>
        <span class="type">Task</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> notes = <span class="kw">try await</span> <span class="func">fetchNotes</span>()
            <span class="comment">// UI 업데이트</span>
        }
    }

    completionHandler(.newData)
}</pre></div>

<h2>👥 공유 (CKShare)</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">Sharing.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>
<span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">UIKit</span>

<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">shareNote</span>(_ record: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>, from viewController: <span class="type">UIViewController</span>) <span class="kw">async throws</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> share = <span class="type">CKShare</span>(rootRecord: record)

    <span class="comment">// 권한 설정</span>
    share[<span class="type">CKShare</span>.<span class="type">SystemFieldKey</span>.title] = <span class="str">"메모 공유"</span>
    share.publicPermission = .readOnly

    <span class="kw">let</span> database = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default().privateCloudDatabase
    <span class="kw">try await</span> database.modifyRecords(saving: [record, share], deleting: [])

    <span class="comment">// 공유 시트 표시</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> controller = <span class="type">UICloudSharingController</span>(share: share, container: .<span class="func">default</span>())
    viewController.present(controller, animated: <span class="kw">true</span>)
}</pre></div>

<h2>🧪 계정 상태 확인</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">AccountStatus.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>

<span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">checkiCloudStatus</span>() <span class="kw">async</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> container = <span class="type">CKContainer</span>.default()

    <span class="kw">do</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> status = <span class="kw">try await</span> container.accountStatus()

        <span class="kw">switch</span> status {
        <span class="kw">case</span> .available:
            <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"iCloud 사용 가능"</span>)

        <span class="kw">case</span> .noAccount:
            <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"iCloud 로그인 필요"</span>)
            <span class="comment">// "설정 > iCloud"로 안내</span>

        <span class="kw">case</span> .restricted:
            <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"iCloud 제한됨 (자녀 보호 등)"</span>)

        <span class="kw">case</span> .couldNotDetermine:
            <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"iCloud 상태 확인 불가"</span>)

        @unknown <span class="kw">default</span>:
            <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"알 수 없는 상태"</span>)
        }
    } <span class="kw">catch</span> {
        <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"에러: \(error)"</span>)
    }
}</pre></div>

<h2>📱 SwiftUI Integration Example</h2>
<div class="code-block"><div class="code-header"><span class="code-filename">NotesApp.swift</span></div>
<pre class="code-body"><span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">SwiftUI</span>
<span class="kw">import</span> <span class="type">CloudKit</span>

<span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="type">Note</span>: <span class="type">Identifiable</span> {
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prop">id</span>: <span class="type">String</span>
    <span class="kw">var</span> <span class="prop">title</span>: <span class="type">String</span>
    <span class="kw">var</span> <span class="prop">content</span>: <span class="type">String</span>
    <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prop">record</span>: <span class="type">CKRecord</span>
}

@<span class="type">Observable</span>
<span class="kw">class</span> <span class="type">NotesViewModel</span> {
    <span class="kw">var</span> <span class="prop">notes</span>: [<span class="type">Note</span>] = []
    <span class="kw">var</span> <span class="prop">isLoading</span> = <span class="kw">false</span>

    <span class="kw">func</span> <span class="func">loadNotes</span>() <span class="kw">async</span> {
        isLoading = <span class="kw">true</span>
        <span class="kw">defer</span> { isLoading = <span class="kw">false</span> }

        <span class="kw">do</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> records = <span class="kw">try await</span> <span class="func">fetchNotes</span>()
            notes = records.map {
                <span class="type">Note</span>(
                    id: $0.recordID.recordName,
                    title: $0[<span class="str">"title"</span>] <span class="kw">as</span>? <span class="type">String</span> ?? <span class="str">""</span>,
                    content: $0[<span class="str">"content"</span>] <span class="kw">as</span>? <span class="type">String</span> ?? <span class="str">""</span>,
                    record: $0
                )
            }
        } <span class="kw">catch</span> {
            <span class="func">print</span>(<span class="str">"에러: \(error)"</span>)
        }
    }
}

<span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="type">NotesView</span>: <span class="type">View</span> {
    <span class="kw">var</span> <span class="prop">viewModel</span> = <span class="type">NotesViewModel</span>()

    <span class="kw">var</span> <span class="prop">body</span>: <span class="kw">some</span> <span class="type">View</span> {
        <span class="type">List</span>(viewModel.notes) { note <span class="kw">in</span>
            <span class="type">VStack</span>(alignment: .leading) {
                <span class="type">Text</span>(note.title)
                    .font(.headline)
                <span class="type">Text</span>(note.content)
                    .font(.subheadline)
                    .foregroundStyle(.secondary)
            }
        }
        .overlay {
            <span class="kw">if</span> viewModel.isLoading {
                <span class="type">ProgressView</span>()
            }
        }
        .task {
            <span class="kw">await</span> viewModel.<span class="func">loadNotes</span>()
        }
    }
}</pre></div>

<p style="background:#34c75910;border:1px solid #34c75940;border-radius:12px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0"><strong style="color:#34c759">💡 CloudKit 장점</strong><br>
✅ 무료 (1PB 저장소, 200GB 전송량)<br>
✅ 서버 불필요 (백엔드 인프라 무료)<br>
✅ iCloud 인증 자동 처리<br>
✅ 실시간 동기화 Supported<br>
✅ Public/Private/Shared Database</p>

<h2>📦 Learning Resources</h2>
<div style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:12px;margin:24px 0">
<a href="https://github.com/YuSeongChoi/HIGLab" style="background:#fff;border:1px solid #d2d2d7;border-radius:12px;padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center">
<div style="font-size:28px">💻</div>
<div style="font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#0071e3;margin-top:8px">GitHub Project</div>
</a>
<a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/cloudkit" style="background:#fff;border:1px solid #d2d2d7;border-radius:12px;padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center">
<div style="font-size:28px">🍎</div>
<div style="font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#0071e3;margin-top:8px">Apple Official Docs</div>
</a>
<a href="https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10015/" style="background:#fff;border:1px solid #d2d2d7;border-radius:12px;padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;text-align:center">
<div style="font-size:28px">🎥</div>
<div style="font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#0071e3;margin-top:8px">WWDC21 세션</div>
</a>
</div>

<div style="margin-top:48px;padding:24px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f5f5f7,#e8e8ed);border-radius:16px;">
  <h2 style="font-size:20px;margin-bottom:12px;">📎 Apple Official Resources</h2>
  <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;">
    <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/cloudkit" target="_blank" style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:10px 16px;background:white;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;font-size:14px;border:1px solid var(--border);transition:all .2s;">📘 Documentation</a>
    <a href="https://developer.apple.com/documentation/cloudkit/sharing-cloudkit-data-with-other-icloud-users" target="_blank" style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:10px 16px;background:white;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;font-size:14px;border:1px solid var(--border);transition:all .2s;">💻 Sample Code</a>
    <a href="https://developer.apple.com/videos/all-videos/?q=CloudKit" target="_blank" style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:10px 16px;background:white;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;font-size:14px;border:1px solid var(--border);transition:all .2s;">🎬 WWDC Sessions</a>
  </div>
</div>
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