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Open5GS and TLS Tunnel using PQ certificates

DEPLOYING VMS

Initial setup for VMs

Create three VMs with the following config:

  • OS: Ubuntu 20.04
  • CPU: 6
  • RAM: 16 GB
  • Disk: 40GB

You can downgrade this later on. This is only to enable oqs in your ubuntu environment. Run all the commands below for all the vms.

Install everything

sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip build-essential checkinstall zlib1g-dev cmake gcc libtool libssl-dev make ninja-build git astyle cmake gcc ninja-build libssl-dev python3-pytest python3-pytest-xdist unzip xsltproc doxygen graphviz python3-yaml valgrind wireshark net-tools traceroute systemd systemd-sysv dbus dbus-user-session -y
sudo pip3 install python-pytun
git clone https://github.com/adwise-fiu/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/

Deploy Open5GS

  • Unzip Open5GS for the client and server vm
cd 5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel
unzip open5gs.zip

Building Open5GS from Sources

Getting MongoDB

  • Import the public key used by the package management system.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gnupg curl -y
curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-6.0.asc | sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg --dearmor
  • Create the list file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list for your version of Ubuntu.
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-6.0.gpg] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/6.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-6.0.list
  • Install the MongoDB packages.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org
sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod

Setting up TUN device (not persistent after rebooting)

  • Create the TUN device with the interface name ogstun.
sudo ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
sudo ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstun
sudo ip link set ogstun up

Building Open5GS

  • Install the dependencies for building the source code.
sudo apt install python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel ninja-build build-essential flex bison git cmake libsctp-dev libgnutls28-dev libgcrypt-dev libssl-dev libidn11-dev libmongoc-dev libbson-dev libyaml-dev libnghttp2-dev libmicrohttpd-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libnghttp2-dev libtins-dev libtalloc-dev meson -y
  • To compile with meson:
cd open5gs/open5gs
meson build --prefix=`pwd`/install
ninja -C build
  • You need to perform the installation process.
cd build
ninja install
cd ../

Building the WebUI of Open5GS

  • Node.js is required to build WebUI of Open5GS

  • Download and import the Nodesource GPG key

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg
  • Create deb repository
NODE_MAJOR=20
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list

Run Update and Install Node JS

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nodejs -y
  • Install the dependencies to run WebUI
cd webui
npm ci

Deploy UERANSIM

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
  • Unzip UERANSIM
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel
unzip UERANSIM
cd UERANSIM
  • Install the required dependencies
sudo apt remove cmake -y
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libsctp-dev lksctp-tools iproute2 build-essential -y
sudo snap install cmake --classic

Build UERANSIM

make

OQS in Ubuntu

  • Install OQS in the system
cd ..
sudo chmod +x oqs.sh
./oqs.sh

Setup NRF VM

Set Up VPN over TLS

In this case the nrf will have the tls server

  • Unzip vpn_over_tls-master
unzip vpn_over_tls-master.zip
cd vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src
  • Modify the server config
nano server/config.py

You can modify the TUN_ADDRESS if you want and certificates.

config = {
-        "TUN_ADDRESS": "192.168.122.1",
+        "TUN_ADDRESS": "10.0.0.1",        
        "TUN_NETMASK": "255.255.255.0",
-        "LISTEN_ADDRESS": "0.0.0.0",
+        "LISTEN_ADDRESS": "192.168.122.117",        
        "LISTEN_PORT": 443,
        "TUN_NAME": "tun0",
        "TUN_MTU": 1500,
        "BUFFER_SIZE": 1500,
        "CERTIFICATE_CHAIN": "./certificates/certchain.pem",
        "PRIVATE_KEY": "./certificates/private.pem",
        "SALT": "WH!{*ewP]x}0RHoP9k|nu_L(R9jm*/:i"
}
  • Start the TLS tunnel server
sudo python3 server/server.py

This will create an interface in your machine called tun0 which Ip address is 10.0.0.1.

Setup Open5GS NRF

  • Modify the config file using a new terminal
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs/open5gs/
nano install/etc/open5gs/nrf.yaml
  • Replace the ip for the tunnel IP. In this case each IP represents what we have below:

NRF TLS Tunnel IP: 10.0.0.1 SCP TLS Tunnel IP: 10.0.0.2 (In the CP VM)

nrf:
    sbi:
      - addr:
-        - 127.0.0.10
+        - 10.0.0.1
-        - ::1
+        #- ::1
        port: 7777


#.......


scp:
    sbi:
-        - 127.0.1.10
+        - 10.0.0.2
        port: 7777
  • Start NRF
./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd

Expected output

nrf@nrf:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs/open5gs$ ./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd
Open5GS daemon v2.4.9-268-g739cb59+

04/29 16:52:16.303: [app] INFO: Configuration: '/home/nrf/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs/open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/nrf.yaml' (../lib/app/ogs-init.c:126)
04/29 16:52:16.303: [app] INFO: File Logging: '/home/nrf/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs/open5gs/install/var/log/open5gs/nrf.log' (../lib/app/ogs-init.c:129)
04/29 16:52:16.311: [sbi] INFO: nghttp2_server() [http://10.0.0.1]:7777 (../lib/sbi/nghttp2-server.c:238)
04/29 16:52:16.312: [app] INFO: NRF initialize...done (../src/nrf/app.c:31)

Setup CP VM

Set Up VPN over TLS Server

In this case the CP VM will have a TLS client and a TLS server. The client will communicate with the NRF while the server will be designated for the UERANSIM gNB.

  • Unzip vpn_over_tls-master
unzip vpn_over_tls-master.zip
cd vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src
  • Modify the server config. In this case the Tunel Address has to be different. For this case, it will be 10.0.1.1
nano server/config.py

You can modify the TUN_ADDRESS if you want and certificates.

config = {
-        "TUN_ADDRESS": "10.0.0.1",
+        "TUN_ADDRESS": "10.0.1.1",        
        "TUN_NETMASK": "255.255.255.0",
-        "LISTEN_ADDRESS": "0.0.0.0",
+        "LISTEN_ADDRESS": "192.168.122.105",
        "LISTEN_PORT": 443,
        "TUN_NAME": "tun0",
        "TUN_MTU": 1500,
        "BUFFER_SIZE": 1500,
        "CERTIFICATE_CHAIN": "./certificates/certchain.pem",
        "PRIVATE_KEY": "./certificates/private.pem",
        "SALT": "WH!{*ewP]x}0RHoP9k|nu_L(R9jm*/:i"
}
  • Start the TLS tunnel server
sudo python3 server/server.py

This will create an interface in your machine called tun0 which Ip address is 10.0.1.1

Expected output

cp@cp:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src$ sudo python3 server/server.py
[sudo] password for cp:
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

Set Up VPN over TLS Client

  • Open a New terminal
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src
  • Modify the client config. Match the Ip addresses based on your case.
nano client/config.py

In this case: 192.168.64.9 is the NRF IP address 192.168.64.8 is the CP Ip address Modify accordingly

config = {
-        "SERVER_IP": "192.168.64.9",
+        "SERVER_IP": "192.168.122.205",      
        "SERVER_PORT": 443,
        "USERNAME": "dmitriy",
        "PASSWORD": "test",
        "TUN_NAME": "tun1",
        "SERVER_HOSTNAME": "strangebit.com",
        "CA_CERTIFICATE": "./certificates/certchain.pem",
        "BUFFER_SIZE": 1500,
-        "DEFAULT_GW": "192.168.64.9",
-        "DNS_SERVER": "192.168.64.8"
+        "DEFAULT_GW": "192.168.122.205",
+        "DNS_SERVER": "192.168.122.124"
}
  • Start the TLS tunnel client
sudo python3 client/client.py

Expected output

Sending authentication data...
Authentication succeeded...
Got configuration packet...
Starting to read from TLS socket...
Starting to read from tun device....

Setup Open5GS CP Components

  • Modify the config file using a new terminal
SCP
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs/open5gs/
nano install/etc/open5gs/scp.yaml
scp:
    sbi:
-      - addr: 127.0.1.10
+      - addr: 10.0.0.2
        port: 7777


#...........

nrf:
    sbi:
      - addr:
-          - 127.0.0.10
-          - ::1
+          - 10.0.0.1
+          #- ::1

        port: 7777
  • Run SCP
./install/bin/open5gs-scpd
AMF
nano install/etc/open5gs/amf.yaml

REPLACE 127.0.0.5 WITHT YOUR MACHINE IP ADDRESS

amf:
    sbi:
      - addr: 127.0.0.5
        port: 7777
    ngap:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.5
+      - addr: 10.0.1.1
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.5
        port: 9090
    guami:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
        amf_id:
          region: 2
          set: 1
    tai:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
+        tac: 1
    plmn_support:
      - plmn_id:
-          mcc: 999
-          mnc: 70
+          mcc: 001
+          mnc: 01
        s_nssai:
          - sst: 1
    security:
        integrity_order : [ NIA2, NIA1, NIA0 ]
        ciphering_order : [ NEA0, NEA1, NEA2 ]
    network_name:
        full: Open5GS
    amf_name: open5gs-amf0

#.................

    scp:
    sbi:

-      - addr: 127.0.1.10
+      - addr: 10.0.0.2
        port: 7777
  • Start AMF
./install/bin/open5gs-amfd
SMF
nano install/etc/open5gs/smf.yaml

REPLACE 127.0.0.4 WITHT YOUR MACHINE IP ADDRESS

smf:
    sbi:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
        port: 7777
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      - addr: 192.168.122.190
+      #- addr: ::1
    gtpc:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      #- addr: ::1
    gtpu:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
-      - addr: ::1
+      #- addr: ::1
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.4
        port: 9090
    subnet:
      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
    dns:
      - 8.8.8.8
      - 8.8.4.4
      - 2001:4860:4860::8888
      - 2001:4860:4860::8844
    mtu: 1400
    ctf:
      enabled: auto
    freeDiameter: /home/cp/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf




upf:
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.122.167



#.................

    scp:
    sbi:

-      - addr: 127.0.1.10
+      - addr: 10.0.0.2
        port: 7777
  • Start SMF
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd
UPF
nano install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml

REPLACE 127.0.0.7 WITHT YOUR MACHINE IP ADDRESS

upf:
    pfcp:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.122.167
    gtpu:
-      - addr: 127.0.0.7
+      - addr: 192.168.122.167
    subnet:
      - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
      - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
    metrics:
      - addr: 127.0.0.7
        port: 9090
  • Start NF
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd
  • Modify all the configs using the command below
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/open5gs/open5gs
find install/etc/open5gs -type f -exec sed -i 's/127\.0\.1\.10/10\.0\.0\.2/g' {} +
find install/etc/open5gs -type f -exec sed -i 's/127\.0\.0\.10/10\.0\.0\.1/g' {} +
find . -type f -exec sed -i 's/- ::1/#- ::1/g' {} +
  • Start all the other network functions
./install/bin/open5gs-ausfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udmd  & 
./install/bin/open5gs-pcfd 
./install/bin/open5gs-nssfd 
./install/bin/open5gs-bsfd 
./install/bin/open5gs-udrd
Add Subscriber
  • Access the database
mongosh mongodb://192.168.120.2:27017
  • Change database
use open5gs
  • Insert subscriber. Make sure that matches the UE config
db.subscribers.insertOne({
  imsi: '001010000000001',
  msisdn: [],
  imeisv: '4301816125816151',
  mme_host: [],
  mme_realm: [],
  purge_flag: [],
  security: {
    k: '465B5CE8 B199B49F AA5F0A2E E238A6BC',
    op: null,
    opc: 'E8ED289D EBA952E4 283B54E8 8E6183CA',
    amf: '8000',
    sqn: NumberLong("513")
  },
  ambr: { downlink: { value: 1, unit: 3 }, uplink: { value: 1, unit: 3 } },
  slice: [
    {
      sst: 1,
      default_indicator: true,
      session: [
        {
          name: 'internet',
          type: 3,
          qos: { index: 9, arp: { priority_level: 8, pre_emption_capability: 1, pre_emption_vulnerability: 1 } },
          ambr: { downlink: { value: 1, unit: 3 }, uplink: { value: 1, unit: 3 } },
          ue: { addr: '10.45.0.3' },
          _id: ObjectId("6473fd45a07e473e0b5334ce"),
          pcc_rule: []
        }
      ],
      _id: ObjectId("6473fd45a07e473e0b5334cd")
    }
  ],
  access_restriction_data: 32,
  subscriber_status: 0,
  network_access_mode: 0,
  subscribed_rau_tau_timer: 12,
  __v: 0
})

OUTPUT

{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: ObjectId('663b9854fdf51515222202d8')
}

Setup gNB VM

Set Up VPN over TLS Server

In this case the gNB VM will have a TLS client and a TLS server. The client will communicate with the AMF while the server will be designated for the UERANSIM UE.

  • Change directory to vpn_over_tls-master
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src/
  • Modify the server config. In this case the Tunel Address has to be different. For this case, it will be 10.0.2.1
nano server/config.py

You can modify the TUN_ADDRESS if you want and certificates.

config = {
-        "TUN_ADDRESS": "192.168.120.177",
+        "TUN_ADDRESS": "10.0.2.1",        
        "TUN_NETMASK": "255.255.255.0",
-        "LISTEN_ADDRESS": "0.0.0.0",
+        "LISTEN_ADDRESS": "192.168.122.10",
        "LISTEN_PORT": 443,
        "TUN_NAME": "tun0",
        "TUN_MTU": 1500,
        "BUFFER_SIZE": 1500,
        "CERTIFICATE_CHAIN": "./certificates/certchain.pem",
        "PRIVATE_KEY": "./certificates/private.pem",
        "SALT": "WH!{*ewP]x}0RHoP9k|nu_L(R9jm*/:i"
}
  • Start the TLS tunnel server
python3 server/server.py &

This will create an interface in your machine called tun0 which Ip address is 10.0.2.1

Expected output

root@e3eaeed2d469:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src# python3 server/server.py &
[1] 34
root@e3eaeed2d469:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

Set Up VPN over TLS Client

  • Modify the client config. Match the Ip addresses based on your case.
nano client/config.py

In this case: 192.168.64.9 is the AMF IP address 192.168.64.8 is the gNB Ip address Modify accordingly

config = {
-        "SERVER_IP": "192.168.64.9",
+        "SERVER_IP": "192.168.122.8",      
        "SERVER_PORT": 443,
        "USERNAME": "dmitriy",
        "PASSWORD": "test",
        "TUN_NAME": "tun1",
        "SERVER_HOSTNAME": "strangebit.com",
        "CA_CERTIFICATE": "./certificates/certchain.pem",
        "BUFFER_SIZE": 1500,
-        "DEFAULT_GW": "192.168.64.9",
-        "DNS_SERVER": "192.168.64.8"
+        "DEFAULT_GW": "192.168.122.8",
+        "DNS_SERVER": "192.168.122.9"
}
  • Start the TLS tunnel client
python3 client/client.py &

Expected output

root@e3eaeed2d469:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src# python3 client/client.py &
[2] 40
root@e3eaeed2d469:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src# Sending authentication data...
Authentication succeeded...
Got configuration packet...
Starting to read from TLS socket...
Starting to read from tun device....

Setup gNB UERANSIM

  • Modify the config file
gNB
  • Unzip UERANSIM
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel
unzip UERANSIM.zip
cd UERANSIM
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/UERANSIM/config
cp open5gs-gnb.yaml open5gs-gnb1.yaml
nano open5gs-gnb1.yaml
-mcc: '999'          # Mobile Country Code value
+mcc: '001'          # Mobile Country Code value

-mnc: '70'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)
+mnc: '01'           # Mobile Network Code value (2 or 3 digits)

nci: '0x000000010'  # NR Cell Identity (36-bit)
idLength: 32        # NR gNB ID length in bits [22...32]
tac: 1              # Tracking Area Code

-linkIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
-ngapIp: 127.0.0.1   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
-gtpIp: 127.0.0.1    # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)

+linkIp: 10.0.2.1   # gNB's local IP address for Radio Link Simulation (Usually same with local IP)
+ngapIp: 10.0.1.2   # gNB's local IP address for N2 Interface (Usually same with local IP)
+gtpIp: 192.168.122.9   # gNB's local IP address for N3 Interface (Usually same with local IP)


# List of AMF address information
amfConfigs:
-  - address: 127.0.0.5
+  - address: 10.0.1.1
    port: 38412

# List of supported S-NSSAIs by this gNB
slices:
  - sst: 1

# Indicates whether or not SCTP stream number errors should be ignored.
ignoreStreamIds: true```


## Start using the gNB - UERANSIM 

After completing configurations and setups, now you can start using UERANSIM.

Run the following command to start the gNB:

cd ..
./build/nr-gnb -c config/open5gs-gnb1.yaml &

Setup UE VM

Set Up VPN over TLS Client

In this case the UE VM will have a TLS client only. The client will communicate with the UERANSIM gNB.

  • Change directory to vpn_over_tls-master
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src/
  • Modify the client config. Match the Ip addresses based on your case.
nano client/config.py

In this case: 192.168.64.9 is the gNB IP address 192.168.64.8 is the UE Ip address Modify accordingly

config = {
-        "SERVER_IP": "192.168.64.9",
+        "SERVER_IP": "192.168.120.8",      
        "SERVER_PORT": 443,
        "USERNAME": "dmitriy",
        "PASSWORD": "test",
        "TUN_NAME": "tun1",
        "SERVER_HOSTNAME": "strangebit.com",
        "CA_CERTIFICATE": "./certificates/certchain.pem",
        "BUFFER_SIZE": 1500,
-        "DEFAULT_GW": "192.168.64.9",
-        "DNS_SERVER": "192.168.64.8"
+        "DEFAULT_GW": "192.168.120.8",
+        "DNS_SERVER": "192.168.120.9"
}
  • Start the TLS tunnel client
python3 client/client.py &

Expected output

root@e3eaeed2d469:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src# python3 client/client.py &
[2] 40
root@e3eaeed2d469:~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/vpn_over_tls-master/vpn_over_tls-master/src# Sending authentication data...
Authentication succeeded...
Got configuration packet...
Starting to read from TLS socket...
Starting to read from tun device....

Setup UE UERANSIM

  • Unzip UERANSIM
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel
unzip UERANSIM.zip
cd UERANSIM
  • Modify the config file
UE
cd ~/5G-PQ-TLS-Tunnel/UERANSIM/config
 cp open5gs-ue.yaml open5gs-ue1.yaml
nano open5gs-ue1.yaml
# IMSI number of the UE. IMSI = [MCC|MNC|MSISDN] (In total 15 digits)
-supi: 'imsi-999700000000001'
+supi: 'imsi-001010000000001'
# Mobile Country Code value of HPLMN
-mcc: '999'
+mcc: '001'
# Mobile Network Code value of HPLMN (2 or 3 digits)
-mnc: '70'
+mnc: '01'

# Permanent subscription key
key: '465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC'
# Operator code (OP or OPC) of the UE
op: 'E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA'
# This value specifies the OP type and it can be either 'OP' or 'OPC'
opType: 'OPC'
# Authentication Management Field (AMF) value
amf: '8000'
# IMEI number of the device. It is used if no SUPI is provided
imei: '356938035643803'
# IMEISV number of the device. It is used if no SUPI and IMEI is provided
imeiSv: '4370816125816151'

# List of gNB IP addresses for Radio Link Simulation
gnbSearchList:
-  - 127.0.0.1
+  - 10.0.2.1

# UAC Access Identities Configuration
uacAic:
  mps: false
  mcs: false

# UAC Access Control Class
uacAcc:
  normalClass: 0
  class11: false
  class12: false
  class13: false
  class14: false
  class15: false

# Initial PDU sessions to be established
sessions:
  - type: 'IPv4'
    apn: 'internet'
    slice:
      sst: 1

# Configured NSSAI for this UE by HPLMN
configured-nssai:
  - sst: 1

# Default Configured NSSAI for this UE
default-nssai:
  - sst: 1
    sd: 1

# Supported integrity algorithms by this UE
integrity:
  IA1: true
  IA2: true
  IA3: true

# Supported encryption algorithms by this UE
ciphering:
  EA1: true
  EA2: true
  EA3: true

# Integrity protection maximum data rate for user plane
integrityMaxRate:
  uplink: 'full'
  downlink: 'full'

Start using the UE - UERANSIM

After completing configurations and setups, now you can start using UERANSIM.

Run the following command to start the UE:

cd ..
./build/nr-ue -c config/open5gs-ue1.yaml