[FLINK-36564][ci] Running CI in random timezone to expose more time related bugs

This closes  #3650

Author: lvyanquan

.github/workflows/flink_cdc_base.yml

@@ -151,6 +151,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Compile and test
         timeout-minutes: 60
         run: |
+          . .github/workflows/utils.sh
+          jvm_timezone=$(random_timezone)
+          echo "JVM timezone is set to $jvm_timezone"
           set -o pipefail
 
           case ${{ inputs.module }} in
@@ -218,7 +221,7 @@ jobs:
           
           build_maven_parameter="${build_maven_parameter:+$build_maven_parameter }${{ inputs.custom-maven-parameter }}"
           
-          mvn --no-snapshot-updates -B -DskipTests -pl $compile_modules -am install && mvn --no-snapshot-updates -B $build_maven_parameter -pl $modules -DspecifiedParallelism=${{ inputs.parallelism }} verify
+          mvn --no-snapshot-updates -B -DskipTests -pl $compile_modules -am install && mvn --no-snapshot-updates -B $build_maven_parameter -pl $modules -DspecifiedParallelism=${{ inputs.parallelism }} -Duser.timezone=$jvm_timezone verify
 
       - name: Print JVM thread dumps when cancelled
         if: ${{ failure() }}

.github/workflows/utils.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+################################################################################
+#  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+#  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+#  distributed with this work for additional information
+#  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+#  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+#  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+#  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+################################################################################
+
+function random_timezone() {
+    local rnd=$(expr $RANDOM % 25)
+    local hh=$(expr $rnd / 2)
+    local mm=$(expr $rnd % 2 \* 3)"0"
+    local sgn=$(expr $RANDOM % 2)
+    if [ $sgn -eq 0 ]
+    then
+        echo "GMT+$hh:$mm"
+    else
+        echo "GMT-$hh:$mm"
+    fi
+}