PMEM_arch.asm

; pmem_arch.asm - Architecture definition for PMEM (Persistent Memory)
; Low-level implementation of dual volatile/non-volatile memory layers

.section .data
; ===== Memory Region Definitions =====
VOLATILE_MEM_BASE:      .quad 0x2000000000000000  ; Base address for volatile memory
VOLATILE_MEM_SIZE:      .quad 0x0000000040000000  ; 1GB volatile memory
NONVOL_MEM_BASE:        .quad 0x4000000000000000  ; Base address for non-volatile memory
NONVOL_MEM_SIZE:        .quad 0x0000000400000000  ; 16GB non-volatile memory

; ===== Memory Management Tables =====
VOL_ALLOC_TABLE:        .quad 0x2000000000000000  ; Allocation table for volatile memory
VOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE:   .quad 0x0000000000100000  ; 1MB allocation table
NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE:     .quad 0x4000000000000000  ; Allocation table for non-volatile memory
NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE:.quad 0x0000000000400000  ; 4MB allocation table

; ===== Memory Transfer Control =====
TRANSFER_CONTROL_REG:   .quad 0x0000000000000000  ; Control for memory transfers between layers
GRADIENT_THRESHOLD:     .quad 0x0000000000000100  ; Threshold for tree hierarchy gradient
STM_PATTERN_COUNT:      .quad 0x0000000000000000  ; Number of identified STM patterns
STM_PATTERN_TABLE:      .quad 0x2000000000100000  ; Table of STM patterns for mimeograph

; ===== Tree Hierarchy =====
TREE_ROOT:              .quad 0x4000000000400000  ; Root of memory hierarchy tree
CURRENT_NODE:           .quad 0x4000000000400000  ; Current node in traversal

.section .text
.global _start

_start:
    ; Initialize both memory layers
    call init_pmem_architecture
    
    ; Set up tree hierarchy
    call init_tree_hierarchy
    
    ; Enter main processing loop
    jmp pmem_main_loop

init_pmem_architecture:
    ; Initialize volatile (short-term) memory layer
    mov rax, [VOLATILE_MEM_BASE]
    mov rbx, [VOLATILE_MEM_SIZE]
    call init_volatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz _pmem_init_error
    
    ; Initialize non-volatile (long-term) memory layer
    mov rax, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]
    mov rbx, [NONVOL_MEM_SIZE]
    call init_nonvolatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz _pmem_init_error
    
    ; Initialize memory transfer mechanisms
    call init_memory_transfer
    
    ; Zero out control registers
    xor rax, rax
    mov [TRANSFER_CONTROL_REG], rax
    mov [STM_PATTERN_COUNT], rax
    
    ret

_pmem_init_error:
    ; Handle initialization error
    mov rax, 60                 ; exit syscall
    mov rdi, 1                  ; error code 1
    syscall

init_tree_hierarchy:
    ; Allocate root node in non-volatile memory
    mov rbx, 64                 ; Size of node structure (64 bytes)
    call allocate_nonvolatile_memory
    mov [TREE_ROOT], rax
    mov [CURRENT_NODE], rax
    
    ; Initialize root node structure
    mov rbx, rax                ; rbx points to root node
    mov qword ptr [rbx], 0      ; Parent pointer = NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+8], 0    ; Left child = NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+16], 0   ; Right child = NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+24], 0   ; Data pointer = NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+32], 0xFFFFFFFF  ; Max capacity
    mov qword ptr [rbx+40], 0   ; Current usage
    mov qword ptr [rbx+48], 0   ; Flags
    mov qword ptr [rbx+56], 0   ; Reserved
    
    ret

pmem_main_loop:
    ; Process volatile memory operations
    call process_volatile_memory
    
    ; Check for transfer conditions based on gradient
    call calculate_memory_gradient
    cmp rax, [GRADIENT_THRESHOLD]
    jl .no_transfer
    
    ; Transfer memories between layers
    call transfer_memory_between_layers
    
.no_transfer:
    ; Process non-volatile memory maintenance
    call process_nonvolatile_memory
    
    ; Mimemograph STM operations - pattern identification and distribution
    call execute_mimeograph_protocol
    
    ; Sleep briefly to reduce CPU usage
    mov rax, 35                 ; nanosleep syscall
    mov rdi, timespec_10ms      ; 10ms sleep duration
    mov rsi, 0                  ; no remainder needed
    syscall
    
    ; Continue loop indefinitely
    jmp pmem_main_loop

; ===== Memory Gradient Calculation =====
calculate_memory_gradient:
    ; Calculate importance gradient for memory transfer decisions
    ; Higher return value = higher priority for transfer
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Start with usage-based gradient
    ; More usage = higher gradient = more likely to transfer to non-volatile
    mov rcx, [CURRENT_NODE]
    mov rdx, [rcx+32]           ; Max capacity
    mov r8, [rcx+40]            ; Current usage
    
    ; Calculate percentage: (current_usage * 100) / max_capacity
    ; This gives us a 0-100 value representing fullness
    xor rdx, rdx                ; Clear high bits for division
    mov rax, r8                 ; Current usage -> rax
    mov rbx, 100
    mul rbx                     ; rax = current_usage * 100
    div rdx                     ; rax = result / max_capacity
    
    ; Apply time-decay factor - older memories get higher gradient
    ; They're more likely to be moved to non-volatile storage
    call apply_time_decay_factor
    
    ; Apply node depth factor - deeper nodes get higher gradient
    ; Deeper in tree = higher specificity = more valuable
    call apply_node_depth_factor
    
    ; Return final gradient value in rax
    pop rbp
    ret

; ===== Mimeograph STM Protocol Implementation =====
execute_mimeograph_protocol:
    ; Implementation of STM copy/paste protocol for volatile memory
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Step 1: Identify patterns in volatile memory
    call identify_stm_patterns
    mov rcx, [STM_PATTERN_COUNT]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .no_patterns_found
    
    ; Step 2: Create mimeographs (copies) of important patterns
    call create_pattern_mimeographs
    
    ; Step 3: Distribute mimeographs to memory locations
    call distribute_mimeographs
    
    ; Step 4: Update pattern reference table
    call update_pattern_references
    
.no_patterns_found:
    pop rbp
    ret

; ===== Pattern Identification for Volatile Memory =====
identify_stm_patterns:
    ; Identify repeating or important patterns in volatile memory
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Get volatile memory base and scan range
    mov rax, [VOLATILE_MEM_BASE]
    add rax, [VOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]  ; Skip allocation table
    mov [rbp-8], rax            ; Store base scan address
    
    mov rbx, [VOLATILE_MEM_SIZE]
    sub rbx, [VOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]  ; Adjust for allocation table
    mov [rbp-16], rbx           ; Store scan size
    
    ; Initialize pattern counter
    xor rcx, rcx
    mov [STM_PATTERN_COUNT], rcx
    
    ; Set pattern table pointer
    mov rdx, [STM_PATTERN_TABLE]
    mov [rbp-24], rdx
    
    ; Scan for repeating byte sequences
    ; This simplistic implementation looks for 8-byte repeating patterns
    ; A real implementation would use more sophisticated pattern recognition
    mov rsi, [rbp-8]            ; Current scan position
    mov rdi, rsi                ; End position
    add rdi, [rbp-16]
    sub rdi, 16                 ; Account for pattern size
    
.scan_loop:
    cmp rsi, rdi
    jae .scan_complete
    
    ; Check if current position contains a pattern of interest
    ; For demo purposes, we'll consider any non-zero 8-byte sequence
    mov rax, [rsi]
    test rax, rax
    jz .next_position
    
    ; Check if pattern appears multiple times
    call count_pattern_occurrences
    cmp rax, 3                  ; Threshold for significance
    jl .next_position
    
    ; Record pattern in table
    mov rdx, [rbp-24]           ; Pattern table pointer
    mov [rdx], rsi              ; Store pattern address
    mov [rdx+8], rax            ; Store occurrence count
    
    ; Update pattern table pointer and count
    add qword ptr [rbp-24], 16
    inc qword ptr [STM_PATTERN_COUNT]
    
.next_position:
    add rsi, 8                  ; Move to next potential pattern
    jmp .scan_loop
    
.scan_complete:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

; ===== Memory Transfer Between Layers =====
transfer_memory_between_layers:
    ; Transfers memory between volatile and non-volatile layers
    ; Based on gradient calculations and pattern importance
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 48                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Determine transfer direction
    ; 0 = volatile to non-volatile (persist)
    ; 1 = non-volatile to volatile (recall)
    call determine_transfer_direction
    mov [rbp-8], rax            ; Store direction
    
    ; Get source and destination addresses based on direction
    cmp qword ptr [rbp-8], 0
    jne .recall_operation
    
.persist_operation:
    ; Volatile to non-volatile transfer (persist)
    ; Determine which volatile memory blocks should be persisted
    call select_blocks_for_persistence
    mov [rbp-16], rax           ; Source address in volatile memory
    mov [rbp-24], rbx           ; Size to transfer
    
    ; Allocate space in non-volatile memory
    mov rbx, [rbp-24]
    call allocate_nonvolatile_memory
    mov [rbp-32], rax           ; Destination address in non-volatile memory
    
    ; Perform the actual transfer
    mov rdi, [rbp-32]           ; Destination
    mov rsi, [rbp-16]           ; Source
    mov rdx, [rbp-24]           ; Size
    call memory_copy
    
    ; Update tree hierarchy to reflect new non-volatile memory
    mov rax, [rbp-32]           ; Address of new non-volatile memory
    mov rbx, [rbp-24]           ; Size of memory
    call update_tree_with_memory
    
    jmp .transfer_complete
    
.recall_operation:
    ; Non-volatile to volatile transfer (recall)
    ; Determine which non-volatile blocks should be recalled
    call select_blocks_for_recall
    mov [rbp-16], rax           ; Source address in non-volatile memory
    mov [rbp-24], rbx           ; Size to transfer
    
    ; Allocate space in volatile memory
    mov rbx, [rbp-24]
    call allocate_volatile_memory
    mov [rbp-32], rax           ; Destination address in volatile memory
    
    ; Perform the actual transfer
    mov rdi, [rbp-32]           ; Destination
    mov rsi, [rbp-16]           ; Source
    mov rdx, [rbp-24]           ; Size
    call memory_copy
    
    ; Update volatile memory pattern table
    mov rax, [rbp-32]           ; Address of new volatile memory
    mov rbx, [rbp-24]           ; Size of memory
    call update_pattern_table
    
.transfer_complete:
    ; Reset transfer control register
    mov qword ptr [TRANSFER_CONTROL_REG], 0
    
    add rsp, 48
    pop rbp
    ret
; pmem_tree.asm - Tree hierarchy implementation for PMEM
; Implements memory organization using a hierarchical tree structure

.section .text
.global allocate_tree_node
.global navigate_to_child
.global navigate_to_parent
.global insert_memory_block
.global retrieve_memory_block

; ===== Tree Node Operations =====

allocate_tree_node:
    ; Allocates a new node in the memory hierarchy tree
    ; Input: RCX = parent node pointer
    ; Output: RAX = new node pointer or 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Allocate 64 bytes for node structure in non-volatile memory
    mov rbx, 64
    call allocate_nonvolatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz .allocation_failed
    
    ; Initialize node structure
    mov rbx, rax                ; rbx now points to new node
    
    ; Set parent pointer
    mov [rbx], rcx
    
    ; Initialize child pointers to NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+8], 0    ; Left child = NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+16], 0   ; Right child = NULL
    
    ; Initialize data pointer to NULL
    mov qword ptr [rbx+24], 0   ; Data pointer = NULL
    
    ; Set default capacity
    mov qword ptr [rbx+32], 0x1000  ; Default capacity
    
    ; Initialize usage counter
    mov qword ptr [rbx+40], 0   ; Current usage = 0
    
    ; Get current timestamp for creation time
    call get_current_timestamp
    mov qword ptr [rbx+48], rax ; Set creation timestamp
    
    ; Set flags to 0
    mov qword ptr [rbx+56], 0   ; Flags = 0
    
    ; If parent is NULL, we're creating the root node
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .no_parent_update
    
    ; Update parent's child pointer
    ; Check if left child is available
    mov rdx, [rcx+8]            ; Get left child
    test rdx, rdx
    jnz .use_right_child
    
    ; Use left child
    mov [rcx+8], rax
    jmp .no_parent_update
    
.use_right_child:
    ; Check if right child is available
    mov rdx, [rcx+16]           ; Get right child
    test rdx, rdx
    jnz .allocation_failed       ; Both children occupied, can't add node
    
    ; Use right child
    mov [rcx+16], rax
    
.no_parent_update:
    ; Return new node pointer in RAX
    jmp .done
    
.allocation_failed:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return NULL on failure
    
.done:
    pop rbp
    ret

navigate_to_child:
    ; Navigate to a child node in the tree
    ; Input: RCX = current node pointer
    ;        RDX = 0 for left child, 1 for right child
    ; Output: RAX = child node pointer or 0 if no child
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Validate input
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .invalid_node
    
    ; Choose left or right child based on RDX
    test rdx, rdx
    jnz .get_right_child
    
.get_left_child:
    mov rax, [rcx+8]            ; Get left child pointer
    jmp .check_result
    
.get_right_child:
    mov rax, [rcx+16]           ; Get right child pointer
    
.check_result:
    ; If result is valid, update CURRENT_NODE
    test rax, rax
    jz .invalid_node
    mov [CURRENT_NODE], rax
    jmp .done
    
.invalid_node:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return NULL for invalid node
    
.done:
    pop rbp
    ret

navigate_to_parent:
    ; Navigate to parent node in the tree
    ; Input: RCX = current node pointer
    ; Output: RAX = parent node pointer or 0 if no parent
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Validate input
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .invalid_node
    
    ; Get parent pointer
    mov rax, [rcx]
    
    ; If result is valid, update CURRENT_NODE
    test rax, rax
    jz .invalid_node
    mov [CURRENT_NODE], rax
    jmp .done
    
.invalid_node:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return NULL for invalid node
    
.done:
    pop rbp
    ret

insert_memory_block:
    ; Insert a memory block into the tree hierarchy
    ; Input: RCX = data pointer
    ;        RDX = data size
    ;        R8 = importance (0-255)
    ; Output: RAX = 1 if successful, 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store input parameters
    mov [rbp-8], rcx            ; Data pointer
    mov [rbp-16], rdx           ; Data size
    mov [rbp-24], r8            ; Importance
    
    ; Find appropriate node for insertion based on importance
    mov rcx, r8                 ; Importance value
    call find_node_by_importance
    test rax, rax
    jz .insertion_failed
    mov [rbp-32], rax           ; Store node pointer
    
    ; Check if node has enough capacity
    mov rcx, [rax+32]           ; Get max capacity
    mov rdx, [rax+40]           ; Get current usage
    add rdx, [rbp-16]           ; Add new data size
    cmp rdx, rcx
    jg .insertion_failed        ; Not enough space
    
    ; Allocate memory in non-volatile storage for persistent copy
    mov rbx, [rbp-16]           ; Size to allocate
    call allocate_nonvolatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz .insertion_failed
    
    ; Copy data to non-volatile memory
    mov rdi, rax                ; Destination
    mov rsi, [rbp-8]            ; Source
    mov rdx, [rbp-16]           ; Size
    call memory_copy
    
    ; Update node with new data pointer
    mov rcx, [rbp-32]           ; Node pointer
    mov [rcx+24], rax           ; Update data pointer
    
    ; Update usage counter
    mov rdx, [rcx+40]           ; Current usage
    add rdx, [rbp-16]           ; Add data size
    mov [rcx+40], rdx           ; Update usage counter
    
    ; Update timestamp
    call get_current_timestamp
    mov rcx, [rbp-32]
    mov [rcx+48], rax           ; Update timestamp
    
    ; Set success flag
    mov rax, 1
    jmp .done
    
.insertion_failed:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return 0 for failure
    
.done:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

retrieve_memory_block:
    ; Retrieve a memory block from the tree
    ; Input: RCX = node pointer
    ; Output: RAX = data pointer or 0 if no data
    ;         RBX = data size
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Validate input
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .invalid_node
    
    ; Get data pointer and size
    mov rax, [rcx+24]           ; Data pointer
    mov rbx, [rcx+40]           ; Size (using current usage as size)
    
    ; Update access timestamp
    call get_current_timestamp
    mov [rcx+48], rax           ; Update timestamp
    
    ; Check if data exists
    test rax, rax
    jnz .done
    
.invalid_node:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return NULL for invalid node
    xor rbx, rbx                ; Return 0 size
    
.done:
    pop rbp
    ret

find_node_by_importance:
    ; Find appropriate node for a given importance value
    ; Input: RCX = importance (0-255)
    ; Output: RAX = node pointer
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 16                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store importance
    mov [rbp-8], rcx
    
    ; Start at root node
    mov rax, [TREE_ROOT]
    mov [rbp-16], rax           ; Current node
    
.node_search_loop:
    ; Check if we've reached a leaf node
    mov rax, [rbp-16]           ; Current node
    mov rbx, [rax+8]            ; Left child
    mov rcx, [rax+16]           ; Right child
    
    ; If both children are NULL, we've found our leaf
    test rbx, rbx
    jnz .continue_search
    test rcx, rcx
    jnz .continue_search
    
    ; Return current node
    mov rax, [rbp-16]
    jmp .search_done
    
.continue_search:
    ; Determine which branch to take based on importance
    mov rdx, [rbp-8]            ; Importance
    cmp rdx, 128                ; Mid-point of importance range
    jl .go_left
    
.go_right:
    ; Choose right child if available
    mov rax, [rbp-16]
    mov rcx, [rax+16]           ; Right child
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .go_left                 ; Fall back to left if right is NULL
    
    ; Update current node to right child
    mov [rbp-16], rcx
    jmp .node_search_loop
    
.go_left:
    ; Choose left child if available
    mov rax, [rbp-16]
    mov rcx, [rax+8]            ; Left child
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .search_done             ; Return current if left is NULL
    
    ; Update current node to left child
    mov [rbp-16], rcx
    jmp .node_search_loop
    
.search_done:
    add rsp, 16
    pop rbp
    ret
; pmem_stm.asm - Short-term memory (volatile) operations
; Implements the mimeograph STM protocol for short-term memory management

.section .text
.global create_pattern_mimeographs
.global distribute_mimeographs
.global update_pattern_references

; ===== Mimeograph Creation =====

create_pattern_mimeographs:
    ; Create copies (mimeographs) of identified patterns
    ; Uses pattern table populated by identify_stm_patterns
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Get pattern count and table address
    mov rcx, [STM_PATTERN_COUNT]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .no_patterns
    
    mov rdx, [STM_PATTERN_TABLE]
    mov [rbp-8], rdx            ; Store pattern table address
    
    ; Initialize pattern index
    mov qword ptr [rbp-16], 0   ; Current pattern index
    
.mimeograph_loop:
    ; Check if we've processed all patterns
    mov rax, [rbp-16]           ; Current index
    cmp rax, rcx                ; Compare with pattern count
    jge .mimeograph_complete
    
    ; Calculate current pattern entry address
    mov rdx, [rbp-8]            ; Pattern table base
    mov rax, [rbp-16]           ; Current index
    shl rax, 4                  ; Multiply by 16 (entry size)
    add rdx, rax                ; Pattern entry address
    
    ; Get pattern address and occurrence count
    mov rsi, [rdx]              ; Pattern address
    mov rdi, [rdx+8]            ; Occurrence count
    
    ; Skip patterns with low importance
    cmp rdi, 2
    jle .next_pattern
    
    ; Allocate memory for mimeograph
    mov rbx, 32                 ; Size of mimeograph (pattern + metadata)
    call allocate_volatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz .next_pattern
    
    ; Store mimeograph address
    mov [rbp-24], rax
    
    ; Copy pattern data to mimeograph
    mov rdi, rax                ; Destination
    add rdi, 16                 ; Skip metadata section
    mov rsi, [rdx]              ; Source (original pattern)
    mov rdx, 8                  ; Size (8 bytes)
    call memory_copy
    
    ; Set up mimeograph metadata
    mov rax, [rbp-24]           ; Mimeograph address
    mov rbx, [rdx]              ; Original pattern address
    mov [rax], rbx              ; Store original address
    mov rbx, [rdx+8]            ; Occurrence count
    mov [rax+8], rbx            ; Store importance
    
.next_pattern:
    ; Increment pattern index
    inc qword ptr [rbp-16]
    jmp .mimeograph_loop
    
.mimeograph_complete:
.no_patterns:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

distribute_mimeographs:
    ; Distribute mimeographs to appropriate memory locations
    ; based on pattern importance and context
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Get pattern count and table address
    mov rcx, [STM_PATTERN_COUNT]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .no_patterns
    
    mov rdx, [STM_PATTERN_TABLE]
    mov [rbp-8], rdx            ; Store pattern table address
    
    ; Initialize pattern index
    mov qword ptr [rbp-16], 0   ; Current pattern index
    
.distribution_loop:
    ; Check if we've processed all patterns
    mov rax, [rbp-16]           ; Current index
    cmp rax, rcx                ; Compare with pattern count
    jge .distribution_complete
    
    ; Calculate current pattern entry address
    mov rdx, [rbp-8]            ; Pattern table base
    mov rax, [rbp-16]           ; Current index
    shl rax, 4                  ; Multiply by 16 (entry size)
    add rdx, rax                ; Pattern entry address
    
    ; Get pattern address and occurrence count
    mov rsi, [rdx]              ; Pattern address
    mov rdi, [rdx+8]            ; Occurrence count (importance)
    
    ; Determine target locations based on importance
    ; Higher importance = more copies distributed
    mov [rbp-24], rdi           ; Store importance
    
    ; Create at least one copy for each 3 points of importance
    ; up to a maximum of 5 copies
    mov rax, rdi
    xor rdx, rdx
    mov rbx, 3
    div rbx                     ; RAX = importance / 3
    
    ; Cap at 5 copies
    cmp rax, 5
    jle .copy_count_ok
    mov rax, 5
    
.copy_count_ok:
    ; Store copy count
    mov [rbp-32], rax
    
    ; Create and distribute copies
    call distribute_pattern_copies
    
.next_distribution:
    ; Increment pattern index
    inc qword ptr [rbp-16]
    jmp .distribution_loop
    
.distribution_complete:
.no_patterns:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

distribute_pattern_copies:
    ; Distribute copies of a pattern to multiple memory locations
    ; Input: RSI = pattern address
    ;        RAX = number of copies to create
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store parameters
    mov [rbp-8], rsi            ; Pattern address
    mov [rbp-16], rax           ; Copy count
    
    ; Initialize copy index
    mov qword ptr [rbp-24], 0   ; Current copy index
    
.copy_loop:
    ; Check if we've created all copies
    mov rax, [rbp-24]           ; Current index
    cmp rax, [rbp-16]           ; Compare with copy count
    jge .copying_complete
    
    ; Determine target location based on copy index
    ; This would use a memory placement algorithm in a real system
    ; For simplicity, we'll just space them evenly in volatile memory
    
    ; Allocate memory for the copy
    mov rbx, 16                 ; Size of copy (8 bytes + 8 bytes metadata)
    call allocate_volatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz .next_copy
    
    ; Store copy address
    mov [rbp-32], rax
    
    ; Copy pattern data
    mov rdi, rax                ; Destination
    add rdi, 8                  ; Skip metadata section
    mov rsi, [rbp-8]            ; Source (original pattern)
    mov rdx, 8                  ; Size (8 bytes)
    call memory_copy
    
    ; Set up copy metadata
    mov rax, [rbp-32]           ; Copy address
    mov rbx, [rbp-8]            ; Original pattern address
    mov [rax], rbx              ; Store reference to original
    
.next_copy:
    ; Increment copy index
    inc qword ptr [rbp-24]
    jmp .copy_loop
    
.copying_complete:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

update_pattern_references:
    ; Update reference indices after pattern distribution
    ; This maintains the association between originals and copies
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 16                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Get pattern count
    mov rcx, [STM_PATTERN_COUNT]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .no_patterns
    
    ; Allocate reference counter table (one counter per pattern)
    mov rax, rcx
    shl rax, 3                  ; Multiply by 8 (counter size)
    mov rbx, rax
    call allocate_volatile_memory
    test rax, rax
    jz .no_patterns
    
    ; Initialize counters to zero
    mov [rbp-8], rax            ; Store counter table address
    mov rdi, rax                ; Destination
    xor rsi, rsi                ; Value to set (zero)
    mov rdx, rbx                ; Size
    call memory_set
    
    ; Scan volatile memory for copies and update counters
    call scan_and_update_references
    
    ; Free counter table
    mov rax, [rbp-8]
    call free_volatile_memory
    
.no_patterns:
    add rsp, 16
    pop rbp
    ret

scan_and_update_references:
    ; Scan memory for pattern copies and update reference counters
    ; Input: RBP-8 = counter table address
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Get volatile memory details for scanning
    mov rax, [VOLATILE_MEM_BASE]
    add rax, [VOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]
    mov [rbp-16], rax           ; Scan start address
    
    mov rbx, [VOLATILE_MEM_SIZE]
    sub rbx, [VOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]
    mov [rbp-24], rbx           ; Scan size
    
    ; Calculate scan end address
    mov rax, [rbp-16]
    add rax, [rbp-24]
    mov [rbp-32], rax           ; Scan end address
    
    ; Start scanning at the beginning
    mov rsi, [rbp-16]           ; Current scan position
    
.scan_loop:
    ; Check if we've reached the end
    cmp rsi, [rbp-32]
    jae .scan_complete
    
    ; Check if current memory block is a pattern copy
    ; In a real system, there would be metadata or markers
    ; For simplicity, we assume every 16-byte aligned block could be a copy
    
    ; Assuming pattern copies have an 8-byte header with original pattern address
    mov rax, [rsi]              ; Read potential reference to original
    
    ; Check if this could be a valid reference
    ; (very simplified check - a real system would be more robust)
    call is_valid_pattern_reference
    test rax, rax
    jz .next_block
    
    ; Update reference counter for the original pattern
    call update_reference_counter
    
.next_block:
    ; Move to next potential block
    add rsi, 16                 ; Assuming 16-byte blocks
    jmp .scan_loop
    
.scan_complete:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

is_valid_pattern_reference:
    ; Check if an address could be a valid pattern reference
    ; Input: RAX = potential reference address
    ; Output: RAX = 1 if valid, 0 if not
    
    ; Check if address is within volatile memory range
    cmp rax, [VOLATILE_MEM_BASE]
    jb .invalid_reference
    
    mov rbx, [VOLATILE_MEM_BASE]
    add rbx, [VOLATILE_MEM_SIZE]
    cmp rax, rbx
    jae .invalid_reference
    
    ; Check alignment
    test rax, 7                 ; Check if multiple of 8
    jnz .invalid_reference
    
    ; Valid reference
    mov rax, 1
    ret
    
.invalid_reference:
    xor rax, rax
    ret

update_reference_counter:
    ; Update reference counter for a pattern
    ; Input: RAX = original pattern address
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 16                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store pattern address
    mov [rbp-8], rax
    
    ; Find pattern index in pattern table
    mov rdx, [STM_PATTERN_TABLE]
    mov rcx, [STM_PATTERN_COUNT]
    xor r8, r8                  ; Pattern index
    
.find_pattern_loop:
    ; Check if we've checked all patterns
    cmp r8, rcx
    jge .pattern_not_found
    
    ; Calculate pattern entry address
    mov rax, r8
    shl rax, 4                  ; Multiply by 16 (entry size)
    add rax, rdx                ; Pattern entry address
    
    ; Compare with original pattern address
    cmp [rax], [rbp-8]
    je .pattern_found
    
    ; Try next pattern
    inc r8
    jmp .find_pattern_loop
    
.pattern_found:
    ; Increment counter for this pattern
    mov rax, [rbp-16]           ; Counter table address
    mov rbx, r8
    shl rbx, 3                  ; Multiply by 8 (counter size)
    add rax, rbx                ; Counter address
    inc qword ptr [rax]         ; Increment counter
    
.pattern_not_found:
    add rsp, 16
    pop rbp
    ret
; pmem_ltm.asm - Long-term memory (non-volatile) operations
; Implements non-volatile memory management and persistence

.section .text
.global init_nonvolatile_memory
.global allocate_nonvolatile_memory
.global free_nonvolatile_memory
.global update_tree_with_memory

; ===== Non-volatile Memory Initialization =====

init_nonvolatile_memory:
    ; Initialize non-volatile memory subsystem
    ; Input: RAX = base address, RBX = size
    ; Output: RAX = 1 if successful, 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Check if memory is already initialized
    mov rcx, [NONVOL_STATUS_REG]
    test rcx, rcx
    jnz .already_initialized
    
    ; Set up allocation table in the first part of memory
    mov rcx, rax                ; Base address
    mov rdx, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]
    call init_allocation_table
    test rax, rax
    jz .init_failed
    
    ; Initialize memory contents to zero
    mov rdi, rax                ; Base address
    add rdi, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]  ; Skip allocation table
    xor rsi, rsi                ; Value to set (zero)
    mov rdx, rbx                ; Size
    sub rdx, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]  ; Adjust for allocation table
    call memory_set
    
    ; Set status register to 1 (initialized)
    mov qword ptr [NONVOL_STATUS_REG], 1
    
    ; Success
    mov rax, 1
    jmp .init_done
    
.already_initialized:
    ; Already initialized, return success
    mov rax, 1
    jmp .init_done
    
.init_failed:
    ; Initialization failed
    xor rax, rax
    
.init_done:
    pop rbp
    ret

allocate_nonvolatile_memory:
    ; Allocate memory in the non-volatile memory region
    ; Input: RBX = size to allocate
    ; Output: RAX = allocated address or 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Ensure non-volatile memory is initialized
    mov rcx, [NONVOL_STATUS_REG]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .not_initialized
    
    ; Align size to 8-byte boundary
    add rbx, 7
    and rbx, ~7                 ; Size aligned to 8 bytes
    
    ; Search allocation table for free space
    mov rcx, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE]
    mov rdx, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]
    call find_free_block
    test rax, rax
    jz .allocation_failed
    
    ; Mark block as allocated in allocation table
    mov rcx, rax                ; Address to allocate
    mov rdx, rbx                ; Size to allocate
    call mark_block_allocated
    
    ; Return allocated address
    jmp .allocation_done
    
.not_initialized:
.allocation_failed:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return NULL on failure
    
.allocation_done:
    pop rbp
    ret

free_nonvolatile_memory:
    ; Free previously allocated non-volatile memory
    ; Input: RAX = address to free
    ; Output: RAX = 1 if successful, 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Ensure non-volatile memory is initialized
    mov rcx, [NONVOL_STATUS_REG]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .not_initialized
    
    ; Ensure address is within non-volatile memory range
    cmp rax, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]
    jb .invalid_address
    
    mov rbx, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]
    add rbx, [NONVOL_MEM_SIZE]
    cmp rax, rbx
    jae .invalid_address
    
    ; Mark block as free in allocation table
    mov rcx, rax                ; Address to free
    call mark_block_free
    
    ; Success
    mov rax, 1
    jmp .free_done
    
.not_initialized:
.invalid_address:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return 0 on failure
    
.free_done:
    pop rbp
    ret

update_tree_with_memory:
    ; Update tree hierarchy with newly allocated non-volatile memory
    ; Input: RAX = memory address
    ;        RBX = memory size
    ; Output: RAX = 1 if successful, 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store input parameters
    mov [rbp-8], rax            ; Memory address
    mov [rbp-16], rbx           ; Memory size
    
    ; Get current node
    mov rcx, [CURRENT_NODE]
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .no_current_node
    
    ; Check if current node has space
    mov rax, [rcx+32]           ; Max capacity
    mov rbx, [rcx+40]           ; Current usage
    add rbx, [rbp-16]           ; Add new memory size
    cmp rbx, rax
    jg .node_full
    
    ; Current node has space, update it
    mov [rcx+24], [rbp-8]       ; Update data pointer
    mov [rcx+40], rbx           ; Update usage
    
    ; Update timestamp
    call get_current_timestamp
    mov [rcx+48], rax           ; Update timestamp
    
    ; Success
    mov rax, 1
    jmp .update_done
    
.node_full:
    ; Current node is full, need to create a new node
    
    ; Allocate new node with current as parent
    mov rcx, [CURRENT_NODE]
    call allocate_tree_node
    test rax, rax
    jz .allocation_failed
    
    ; Update new node with memory
    mov rcx, rax                ; New node
    mov rdx, [rbp-8]            ; Memory address
    mov [rcx+24], rdx           ; Set data pointer
    mov rdx, [rbp-16]           ; Memory size
    mov [rcx+40], rdx           ; Set usage
    
    ; Update timestamp
    call get_current_timestamp
    mov [rcx+48], rax           ; Update timestamp
    
    ; Set CURRENT_NODE to new node
    mov [CURRENT_NODE], rcx
    
    ; Success
    mov rax, 1
    jmp .update_done
    
.no_current_node:
    ; No current node, initialize tree root if needed
    cmp qword ptr [TREE_ROOT], 0
    jne .use_tree_root
    
    ; Create root node
    xor rcx, rcx                ; No parent
    call allocate_tree_node
    test rax, rax
    jz .allocation_failed
    
    ; Set as root and current node
    mov [TREE_ROOT], rax
    mov [CURRENT_NODE], rax
    
.use_tree_root:
    ; Use tree root as current node
    mov rcx, [TREE_ROOT]
    mov [CURRENT_NODE], rcx
    
    ; Try again with root as current node
    mov rax, [rbp-8]            ; Memory address
    mov rbx, [rbp-16]           ; Memory size
    call update_tree_with_memory
    jmp .update_done
    
.allocation_failed:
    xor rax, rax                ; Return 0 on failure
    
.update_done:
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

; ===== Memory Allocation Table Management =====

init_allocation_table:
    ; Initialize allocation table in non-volatile memory
    ; Input: RCX = base address, RDX = size
    ; Output: RAX = 1 if successful, 0 if failed
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Zero out allocation table
    mov rdi, rcx                ; Destination
    xor rsi, rsi                ; Value to set (zero)
    mov rdx, rdx                ; Size
    call memory_set
    
    ; Set special markers in header
    mov qword ptr [rcx], 0x504D454D48454144  ; "PMEMHEAD"
    mov qword ptr [rcx+8], 0x0001000000000000  ; Version 1.0
    
    ; Success
    mov rax, 1
    
    pop rbp
    ret

find_free_block:
    ; Find a free block of memory in allocation table
    ; Input: RCX = allocation table address
    ;        RDX = allocation table size
    ;        RBX = requested size
    ; Output: RAX = address of free block or 0 if none found
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 32                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store input parameters
    mov [rbp-8], rcx            ; Allocation table address
    mov [rbp-16], rdx           ; Allocation table size
    mov [rbp-24], rbx           ; Requested size
    
    ; Skip header (16 bytes)
    add rcx, 16
    sub rdx, 16
    
    ; Initialize search variables
    mov [rbp-32], rcx           ; Current position in table
    
.search_loop:
    ; Check if we've reached the end of the table
    mov rax, [rbp-32]           ; Current position
    mov rbx, [rbp-8]            ; Table base
    add rbx, [rbp-16]           ; Table end
    cmp rax, rbx
    jae .no_free_block
    
    ; Read entry
    mov rcx, [rax]              ; Read allocation entry
    
    ; Check if block is free
    test rcx, rcx
    jz .free_block_found
    
    ; Block is allocated, skip to next entry
    mov rbx, rcx                ; Block size
    and rbx, 0x00FFFFFFFFFFFFFF  ; Mask out flags
    
    ; Skip entry and move to next
    add qword ptr [rbp-32], 8   ; Entry size is 8 bytes
    jmp .search_loop
    
.free_block_found:
    ; Get block address and size
    mov rax, [rbp-32]           ; Entry address
    sub rax, [rbp-8]            ; Offset from table start
    
    ; Calculate actual memory address
    mov rbx, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]
    add rbx, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]
    add rbx, rax                ; Add offset
    
    ; Return allocated block address
    mov rax, rbx
    
    ; Clean up and return
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret
    
.no_free_block:
    ; No suitable free block found
    xor rax, rax
    
    add rsp, 32
    pop rbp
    ret

mark_block_allocated:
    ; Mark a block as allocated in the allocation table
    ; Input: RCX = address to allocate
    ;        RDX = size to allocate
    ; Output: None
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    sub rsp, 16                 ; Local variables
    
    ; Store size with allocated flag (bit 56)
    mov rax, rdx                ; Size
    or rax, 0x0100000000000000  ; Set allocated flag
    mov [rbp-8], rax            ; Store marked size
    
    ; Calculate entry offset in allocation table
    mov rax, rcx                ; Address
    sub rax, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]  ; Subtract base address
    sub rax, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]  ; Adjust for table
    
    ; Calculate entry address
    mov rbx, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]  ; Allocation table base
    add rbx, rax                ; Add offset
    
    ; Update entry
    mov rax, [rbp-8]            ; Marked size
    mov [rbx], rax              ; Update entry
    
    add rsp, 16
    pop rbp
    ret

mark_block_free:
    ; Mark a block as free in the allocation table
    ; Input: RCX = address to free
    ; Output: None
    
    push rbp
    mov rbp, rsp
    
    ; Calculate entry offset in allocation table
    mov rax, rcx                ; Address
    sub rax, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]  ; Subtract base address
    sub rax, [NONVOL_ALLOC_TABLE_SIZE]  ; Adjust for table
    
    ; Calculate entry address
    mov rbx, [NONVOL_MEM_BASE]  ; Allocation table base
    add rbx, rax                ; Add offset
    
    ; Update entry (zero = free)
    mov qword ptr [rbx], 0      ; Mark as free
    
    pop rbp
    ret