dooge_easy_latin.md

title	subtitle	author	date	lang	edited	license	original_scan	notes
Easy Latin for Sight Reading	Selections from Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles, Lhomond's Urbis Romae Viri Inlustres, and Gellius' Noctes Atticae	B.L. D'Ooge	1897	la	false	CC-BY-SA 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/	https://archive.org/details/d-ooge-benjamin-easy-latin-for-sight-reading-for-secondary-schools

FABULAE FACILES.

2 PERSEUS.

Acrisius, an ancient king of Argos, had been warned by an oracle that he would perish by the hand of his grandson. On discovering, therefore, that his daughter Danae had given birth to a son, Acrisius endeavored to escape his fate by casting both mother and child adrift on the sea. They were saved, however, by the help of Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grew up at the court of Polydectes, king of Serīphos, an island in the Aegean Sea. On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to fetch the head of Medāsa, one of the Gorgons. This dangerous task he accomplished with the help of Apollo and Minerva, and on his way home he rescued Androm- eda (daughter of Cepheus) from a sea monster. Perseus then married Andromeda, aud lived some time in the country of Cepheus. At length, however, he returned to Serīphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing him the Gorgon’s head; he then went to the court of Acrisius, who fled in terror at the news of his grandson’s return. The oracle was duly fulfilled, for Acrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by Perseus.

1. Perseus īnfāns cum mātre in ārcā inclūsus est.

Haec nārrantur ā poētīs dē Perseō. Perseus fīlius erat Tovis, māximī deōrum: avus ēius Ācrisius appellātus est. Xcrisius volēbat Perseum nepōtem suum necāre’; nam propter ōrāculum puerum timēbat. Comprehendit2 igitur Perseum, adhūc īnfantem, et cum mātre in ārcā līgneā inclūsit. Tum ārcam ipsam in mare cōniēcit. Danaē,

I. occīdere, interficere. 2. cēpit, corripuit. 3. in a wooden box. 26 FABULAE FACILES.

Perseī māter, māgnopereī territa est: tempestās enim māgna mare turbābat. Perseus autem in sinū mātris dormiēbatē.

1. valaē, vehementer. 2. gremiō. 3. somnum capiēbat.

2. Ērcā ad īnsulam Serīphum appulsā, Perseus māterque 5 ā rēge benīgnē exceptī sunt.

Iūppiter tamen haec omnia vīdit et fīlium suum servāre cōnstituit. Fēcit igitur mare tranquillum, et ārcam ad īnsulam Serīphum perdūxit. Hūius īnsulae Polydectēs tum rēx erat. Postquam ārca ad lītus' appulsa est,

10 Danaē 2in harēnā quiētem capiēbat. Post breve tempus ā piscātōre2 quōdam reperta estt et ad domum rēgis Polydectis adducta est. Ille mātrem et puerum benīgnē excēpit, et sēdemō tūtam in fīnibus suīs dedit. At Danaē hōc dōnum libenter accēpit, et prō tantō beneficiō rēgī

15 grātiās ēgit.

1. lītus est terra adiacēns marāī. 4. inventa est, dēprehēnsa est.

2. Par. in līātore dormiēbat. 5. domum.

3. fisherman. 6. See idioms.

4. Rēx dīmīsit Perseum.

Perseus igitur multōs annōs ibi habitābat, et cum mātre suā 2vītam agēbat beātam. At Polydectēs Danaēn mā- gnopere amābat, atque eam “in mātrimōnium dūcere vole-

20 bat. Hōc tamen cōnsilium Perseō minimē grātumō erat.

I. itaque. 3. fēlācem, laetam. 2. See idioms. 4. See idioms. S5. acceptum, iācundum, placitum. PERSEVUS. 27

Polydectēs igitur Perseum dīmittere cōnstituit. Tum iuvenem ad sē vocāvit et haec dīxit: “Turpe2 est vītam hanc īgnāvam3 agere; ‘iamdūdum tū adulēscēns es. Quousque3 hīc manēbis? Tempus est arma capere et virtūtem praestāreX. Hinc abī et caput Medūsae mihi refer.”

1. as follows. 4. You have already for some

2. Ant. honestum, pulchrum, time been a man. decōr: m. -, 5. ad quod tempus.

3. ramissam, lentam. Ant. 6. ostendere, exhibēre, pro- strēnuam, fortem. bāre.

4. Perseus profectus tandem Medūsam invēnit.

rba-

Perseus, ubi haec audīvit, ex īnsulā discessit, et post- quam ad continentem vēnit, Medūsam quaesīvit. Diū frūstrā quaerēbat; namque nātūram locī īgnōrābat. Tan- dem Apollō et Minerva viam dēmōnstrāvērunt. Prīmum ad Grāiās, sorōrēs Medūsae, pervēnit. Ab hīs !tālāria et galeam magicam accēpit. Apollō autem et Minerva “fal- cem et speculum dedērunt. Tum postquam tālāria pedi- bus induitē, in āerat ascendit. Diū per āera volābat: tandem tamen ad eum locum vēnit ubi Medūsa cum cēterīs’ Gorgonibus habitābat. Gorgones autem mōn- stra erant speciēē horribilī: capita enim eārum squāmīs’ omnīnō contēctaē sunt: manūs etiam ex aereēfactae sunt. ggaus ea2

1. sandals and a magic helmet. 5. reliquīs, aliī.
2. a curved dagger and a mir- 6. aspectā. ror. 7. scales.
3. indāxit, sāmpgsit. S. tēcta, operta, vestita.
4. acc. case of āēr, cf. Eng. air. 9. abl. of aes = brass.

b4

5 IŌ

25

20

28 FABULAE FACILES.

5. Caput Gorgonis.

Rēs erat difficillima abscīdere caput Gorgonis; ēius enim cōnspectū hominēs in saxum vertēbantur. Propter hanc causam Minerva speculum eī dederat. Perseus igi- tur tergum?2 vertit, et in speculum iīnspiciēbat: hōc modō ad locum vēnit ubi Medūsa dormiēbat. Tum falce suā caput ēius ūnō īctū abscīdit. Cēterae Gorgones statim ē somnō excitātae sunt, et, ubi rem vīdērunt, īrā commōtae sunt. Arma rapuērunt, et Perseum occiīdere volēbant; ille autem, dum fugit, galeam magicam induit, et, ubi hōc fēcit, statim ē cōnspectū eārum ēvāsit.

1. lapidem. 3. interficere.

2. Ant. faciem, voltum. 4. exiit, aufāgit, ēvolāvit.

3. Perseus in fīnēs Aethiopum vēnit.

Post haec Perseus in fīnēs Aethiopum vēnit: ibi Cēpheus quīdam illō tempore rēgnābat. Hīc Neptūnum, maris deum, ōlimī offenderat: Neptūnus autem mōnstrum saevissimum2 mīserat. Hōc cottīdiē ē marī veniēbat et hominēs dēvorābat. Ob hanc causam pavor53 animōs omnium occupāverat. Cēpheus igitur ōrāculum deī Ammōnis cōnsuluit atque ā deō iūssus est fīliam mōn- strō trādere. (ē<;ius autem fīlia, nōmine Andromeda, virgō fōrmōsissima* erat.) Cēpheus, ubi haec audivit, māgnum dolōremē percēpit. Volēbat tamen cīvēs suōs ē tantō perīculō extrahere; atque ob eam causam cōnstituit imperāta5 Ammōbnis facere.

1. aliquandō, quondam. 4. pulcherrima.

2. crūdēlissimum, immānissimum. S. maerōrem, lāctum.

3. timor. 6. iāssa. PERSEVUSE. 29

4. Mōnstrum et Andromeda.

Tum rēx diem certam dīxit et omnia parāvit. Ubi ea diēs vēnit, Andromeda ad lītus dēducta est et in cōn- spectū omnium ad rūpem adligāta4 (est). Ōmnēs fātum ēius dēplōrābant nec lacrimās tenēbant. At subitō, dum mōnstrum exspectant, Perseus accurrit; et, ubi lacrimās vidit, causam dolōris quaerit. Illī rem tōtam expōnuntē et puellam dēmōnstrant. Dum haec geruntur, fremitus5 terribilis audītur; simul mōnstrum hnorribilī speciē pro- cul cōnspiciturē. Ēius cōnspectus timōrem māximum ōmnibus iniēcit”. At mōnstrum māgnā celeritāte ad lītus contenditē, iamque ad locum appropinquābatō ubi puella

stābat. c I. See idioms. 6. vidētur. 2. vincta, cōnstricta. 7. immīsit. 3. nārrant. S. mātārāvit, properāvit. 4. See idioms. 9. accēdēbat. S. strepitus, sonitus.

8. Servat Andromedam Perseus.

At Perseus, ubi haec vīdit, gladium suum rapuitī; et, postquam tālāria induit, in āera sublātus estē. Tum dēsu- per in mōnstrum impetum subitō5 fēcit, et gladiō suō collum ēius graviter volnerāvit. Mōnstrum, ubi sēnsit volnus, fremitum horribilem ēdiditē et sine morā tōtum corpus sub aquam immersit. Perseus, dum circum lītus volat, reditum ēius exspectābat; mare autem intereā’

I. ferrum, ēnsem. 4. ē locō superiōre.

2. cēpit. 5. repente, celeriter.
3. From tollō; sē Pērēxit, sur- 6. ēm9 sit. 7

rēxit. tnterim.

20 IO

I5

30 TVABULAE FACILES.

undique sanguine īnficiturē. Post breve tempus, bēlua rūrsus4 caput sustulitē; mox tamen ā Perseō īctū gravi- ōre volnerāta est. Tum iterum sē sub ’undās mersit neque posteā vīsa est.

1. ex omnī parte. 5. From tollō, syn. ērēxit.

2. tingitur, imbuitur. 6. post breve tempus, sine

3. mōnstrum. mor4ā.

4. iterum. 7. aquds.

5. Rēx Perseō Andromedam in mātrīimōnium dedit.

Perseus, postquam in lītus dēscendit, prīmum tālāria exuit!; tum ad rūpem vēnit ubi Andromeda vincta2 erat. Ea autem omnem spem salūtis dēposueratē, et, ubi Per- seus adiit, terrōre paene exanimātat est. Ille vincula statimō solvit, et puellam patrī reddidit. Cēpheus ob hanc rem māximō gaudiō affectus est: meritās ēgrātiās prō tantō beneficiō Perseō rettulit; praetereā Androme- dam ipsam eī in mātrimōnium (snit Ille Tibenterī hōc dōnum accēpit, et puellam uxōrem dūxit. Paucōs annōs cum uxōre suā in eā regiōne habitābat, et in māgnō honōre erat apud omnēs Aethiopes. Māgnopere tamen cupiēbatē mātrem suam rūrsus vidēre. Tandem? igitur cum uxōre ē rēgnō Cēpheī discessit5.

i1. Ant. induit. 6. See idioms.

2. adligta, cōnstricta. 7. alacriter.

3. abiēcerat, dīmīserat. S. volēbat.

4. mortua. 9. dēnique, ad extrēmum. S. cōnfēstim, sine morā. 10. abiit, profectus est. PERSEVUS. 31

5. Polydectēs in saxum versus est.

Postquam Perseus ad īnsulam nāvem appulit, lsē ad locum contulit ubi māter ōlim habitāverat; at domum invēnit vacuam et omnīnō5 dēsertam, Trēs diēs per tōtam īnsulam mātrem quaerēbat; āuāēāt quartō diē ad templum Diānae pervēnit. Hūc Danaē refūgerat, quod Polydectem timēbatē. Perseus, ubi haec cōgnōvitō, īrā māgnā commōtus est; ad rēgiam Polydectis sine morā contendit, et, ubi eō vēnit, statim in ātrium inrūpitē. Polydectēs māgnō timōreē affectus est et fugere volēbat. ōam tātien ilie fugit, Perseus caput Medūsae mōnstrā-

cmrr s m --- vitio: ille autem, “simul atque hōc vīdit, in saxum versus est.

I1. See idioms. 6. intellēxit, audīvit. 2: cāp. 2ē, 1- 15. 7. in eum locum.

3. plānē, funditus. 8. invāsit, inruit.

4. dēmum, dēnique. 9. pavōre.

S. metuēbat. 10. ostendit.

11. ubi prīmum.

12. Perseus ad urbem Ācrisī rediit, et occīdit avum suum ut fātīs dēcrētum erat.

Post haec Perseus cum uxōre' suā ad urbem ā;crisi rediit2. Ille autem, ubi Perseum vīdit, māgnō terrōre affectus est; nam ropter ōrāculumlistud nepōtem suum adhūc timēbat. īn Tīnessaliam igitur ad urbem Lārissam statīm refūgit: frūstrā tamen; nōn enim fātum suum vītāvitē. Post paucōs annōs rēx Lārissae lūdōs māgnōs

fēcit; nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmīserat, et tdiem ēdīxe-

I. coniuge. 2. revertit. 3. effāgit. 1 See idioms.

I5

20 32 FABULAE FACILES.

rāat. Multī ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lūdōs convē- nērunt: ipse Perseus inter aliōs certāmen’ discōrum2 iniit. At, dum discum conicit, avum suum cāsū occīdit; Ācri- sius enim inter spectātōrēs ēius certāminis forte stābat.

I. contentiōnem. 2. of the discus or quovits.

Eī. HERCULES.

Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pursued throughout his life by the hatred of Juno. While yet an infant, he strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During his boyhood and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength; and, on reaching manhood, succeeded in delivering the Thebans from the oppression of the Minyae. In a fit of madness, sent upon him by Juno, he slew his oun children, and, on consulting the Delghic oracle as to how he should cleanse himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit himself for twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform whatever tasks were appointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and during the twelve years of his ser- vitude accomplished twelve extraordinary feats known as the Labors of Hercules. His death was caused, unintentionally, by his wife Deianira. Hercules had shot with his poisoned arrows a Centaur named Nessus, who had insulted Deianira. NMessus, before he died, gave some of his blood to Deianira, and told her it would act as a charm to secure her husband’s love. Some time after, Deianira, wishing to try the charm, soaked one of her hus- band’s garments in the blood, not knowing that it was poisoned. Hercules put on the robe, and, after suffering terrible torments, died, or was carried off by his father Jugiter.

12. Herculēs īnfāns.

Herculēs, Alcmēnae fīlius, ōlim in Graeciā habitābat. Hīc dīcitur omnium hominum validissimus fuisse. At Iūnō, rēgīna deōrum, Alcmēnam ōderat' et Herculem

1. Ant. amābat. tF

ā : ! 2

s.

• Ēlō ā ;s

HERCULES. HERCULES. 33

adhūc īnfantem necāre voluit. Miīsit igitur duo ser- pentēs saevissimōs: hī, mediā nocte, in cubiculum Alc- mēnae vēnērunt ubi Herculēs cum frātre suō dormiēbat. Nōn tamen in cūnīsē3, sed in scūtō4 māgnō cubābantō. Serpentēs iam appropinquāverantē et scūtum movēbant; 5 itaque puerī ē somnō excitātī sunt.

rīeī.p. 25; L 4- 3. cradle. 5. iacēbant. 2. room. 4. shield. 6. accesserant.

13. Herculēs et serpentēs.

īphiclēs, frāter Herculis, māgnā vōce exclāmāvit; at Herculēs ipse, puer fortissimus', haudquāquam?2 territus est. Parvīs manibus serpentēs statim prehenditō et colla eōrum māgnā vī compressit. Tālī modō serpentēs ā puerō interfectī sunt. Alcmēna autem, māter puerōrum, clāmōrem audīverat, et marītum53 suum ē somnō excitāve- rat. Ille lūmen accendit, et gladium suum rapuitō; tum ad puerōs properābatī, sed, ubī ad locum vēnit, rem mīram r15 vīdit: Herculēs enim rīdēbat et serpentēs mortuōs mōn- strābatē.

Lāl

ē]

1. Ant. ānāvissimus. ē S. coniugem, virum.

2. minimē omnium, omnīnō nōn. 6. prehendit, cēpit.

3. cēpit, rapuit. 7. mātārābat, contendēbat.

4. necātī. S. ostendēbat, exhibuit.

5. Herculēs mūsicam discit.

Herculēs ā puerō corpus suum dīligenter exercēbat: māgnam partem diēī in palaestrā' cōnsūmēbat: didicit 20

1. gymnasium. 2. Perfect of discō. IO

I5

34 FABULAE FACILES.

etiam arcum intendere et tēla conicere. Hīs exercitā- tiōnibus vīrēs2 ēius cōnfīrmātae sunt. In mūsicā etiam ā Linō Centaurō ērudiēbāturō3: (Centaurī autem equī erant, sed caput hominis habēbant); huic tamen artī minus dīligenter studēbat. Hīc Linus Herculem ōlim culpābat4, quod parumē studiōsus erat; tum puer īrātus citharamō subitō rapuit, et summīs vīribus caput magistrī īnfēlīcisī percussitē. Ille īctū prōstrātus est, et 9paulō post 1ē vītā excessit, neque quisquam posteā id officium suscipere voluit.

I. iacere, impellere. 6. lyram.

2. powers. 7. miserī.

3. docēbātur, īnfōrmābātur. S. valaē verberāvit.

4. vituperāeat. 9. soon after.

5. Ant. nimis. 10. mortuus est.

6. Herculēs vincula et mortem effugit.

Dē Hercule haec etiam inter alia nārrantur. Olim, dum iter facit, in fīnēs Aegyptiōrum vēnit; ibi rēx qutī- dam, nōmine Būsīris, illō tempore rēgnābat; hīc autem, vir crūdēlissimus, hominēs timmolāre cōnsuēverat: Her- culem igitur corripuit et in vincula coniēcit. Tum nūn- tiōs dīmīsit et 2diem sacrificiō ēdīxit. Mox ea diēs appe- tīvit3 et omnia rītet parāta sunt. Manūs Herculis catēnīsē ferreīs vinctae“ sunt et mola salsa in caput ēius īnspersa

20 est. (Mōs enim erat apud antīquōs salem et fārō capiti-

I1. sacrificāre solēbat. S. vinculīs.

2. See idioms. 6. adligātae.
3. adfuit. 7. salted meal.
4. bene, rēctē, ex mōre. S8. molam. HERCULES. 35

bus vīctimārum impōnere.) Iam vīctima ad aram! stābat; iam sacerdōs cultrum sūmpserat2. Subitō tamen Herculēs māgnō cōnātū vincula perrūpit3: tum īctū sacerdōtem prōstrāvit; alterōt rēgem ipsum occīdit.

1. altāria. 3. cf. Eng. rupture.
2. cēperat, prehenderat. 4. abl. of means, sc. ātā.
3. Herculēs lēgātīs Minyārum iniūriam facit. 5

Herculēs, iam adulēscēns, urbem Thēbās incolēbat. Rēx Thēbārūm, vir īgnāvus!, Creōn apvpellātus est. Minyae, gēns bellicōsissima, Thēbānīs fīnitimī erant. Lēgātī autem ā Minyīs ad Thēbānōs quotannīs mittē- bantur: hī Thēbās veniēbant et centum bovēs postulā- io bant3. Thēbānī enim ōlim ā Minyīs superātī erant; tribūta igitur rēgī Minyārum quotannīs pendēbantt. At Herculēs cīvēs suōs hōc stīpendiō līberāre cōnstituit: lēgātōs igitur comprehendit atque aurēs eōrum abscīditē.

Lēgātī autem apud omnēs gentēs sacrī habenturō. I5

1. Ant. fortis. ; 4. solvēbant, remittēbant.

2. proximī, vīcīnī. S. amputāvit, resecuit.

3. poscēbant, flāgitābant. 6. iādicantur, exīstimantur.

4. Bellum in Minyās.

FErgīnus, rēx Minyārum, ob haec vehementer īrātus est, et cum omnibus cōpiīs in fīnēs Thēbānōrum contendit. Creōn adventum ēius per explōrātēōrēs cōgnōvit; ipse tamen pūgnāre nōluit, nam māgnō timōre affectus est; 20 Thēbānī igitur Herculem imperātōrem2 creāvērunt. Ille nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmiīsit et cōpiās coēgitō; tum

1. mātārāvit, properāvit. 2. ducem. 3. conlēgit. IO

ns

20

36 FABULAE FACILES.

proximō diē cum māgnō exercitū profectus est. Locum idōneum dēlēgit et aciem īnstrūxit; tum Thēbāniī ē superiōre locō impetum in hostēs fēcērunt. Illī autem impetum sustinēre nōn potuērunt; itaque aciēs hostium pulsa2 est atque in fugam conversa.

I. aptum, conmodum. 2. cf. Eng. repulse.

18. Herculēs dēmēns līberōs suōs occīdit.

Post hōc proelium Herculēs cōpiās suās ad urbem redūxit. Omnēs Thēbānī propter vīctōriam māximē gaudēbant. Creōn autem māgnīs honōribus Herculem decorāvit, atque fīliam suam eī in mātrimōnium dedit. Herculēs cum uxōre suā 2vītam beātam agēbat; sed post paucōs annōs subitō in furōrem incidit atque līberōs suōs ipse suā manū occīdit. Post breve tempus ad sānitātem reductus est et propter hōc facinust māgnō dolōre affectus est; mox ex urbe effūgit et in silvās sē recēpit. Nōlēbant enim cīvēs sermōnem cum eō habēre.

I1. laetābantur. 3. repente. 2. See idioms. 4. nlāgitium, scelus.

19. Herculēs ad ōrāculum Delphicum it.

Herculēs māgnopere! cupiēbat tantum scelus expiāre. Cōnstituit igitur ad ōrāculum Delphicum īre; hōc enim ōrāculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi templum erat Apollinis, plūrimīs dōnīs ōrnātum; hōc in templō sedēbat fēmina quaedam, nōmine PFȳthia, et cōnsilium dabat eīs quī ad ōrāculum veniēbant. Haec autem fēmina ab ipsō

1. valdē, vehementer.

-. HERCULES . 37

Apolline docēbāturī, et voluntātem deī hominibus ēnūnti- ābat2. Herculēs igitur, quī Apollinem praecipuē colēbat’, hūc vēnit. Tum rem tōtam exposuit neque scelus cēlā- vitt.

1. ērudiēbātur, īnstituēbātur. 3. venerābātur.

2. nāntiābat, dīcētat. 4. reticuit, tēxit.

3. Respōnsum ōrāculī.

Ubi Herculēs fīnem fēcit, Pȳthia diū conticēbatī; tan- dem” tamen iussit eum ad urbem Tīrynthaē īre, et Eury- stheī rēgis omnia imperāta facere. Herculēs, ubi haec audīvit, ad urbem illam contendit et Eurystheō rēgī sē in servitūtem trādidit. Duodecim annōs in servitūte Eury- stheī tenēbātur et duodecim labōrēs quōs ille imperāverat, cōnfēcit; hōc enim ūnōY modō. tantum scelus expiārī potuit. Dē hīs labōribus plūrima ā poētīs scrīpta sunt. Multa tamen, quae poētae nārrant, vix crēdibilia sunt.

1. nihil dēcēbat. 3. Tiryns, a city in Argolis.

2. Par. post longam moram, 4. iāssa. dēnique, ad extrēmum. S. alone.

3. Labor prīmus: Herculēs Nemaeum leōnem occidit.

Prīmum ab Eurystheō iūssus est Herculēs leōnem occi- dere, quī illō tempore vallem Nemaeam ‘reddēbat īnfēs- tam. In silvās igitur quās leō incolēbat, statim sē con- tulit2”. Mox feramē vīdit et arcum quem sēcum attuleratt,

l

ō

intendit3: ēius tamen pellemō quae dēnsissima erat, trāi- 20

1. Par. faciēcat plēnam perīculī. 4. gesserat.
2. From cōnferō. See idioms. 5. cf. Eng. tension.
3. animal saevum. 6. cf. Eng. pelt, peltry. IO

35

20

38 FABULAE FACILES.

cere! nōn potuit. Tum clāvā2 māgnā quam semper gerē- bat, leōnem percussit5: frūstrā tamen, neque enim hōc modō eum occīdere potuit. Tum dēmum“ collum mōn- strī brachiīs5 suīs complexus est, et faucēsē8 ēius summīs vīribus compressit. Hōc modō leō brevī tempore exani- mātus est; nūlla enim respīrandī facultās eī dabātur. Tum Herculēs cadāver ad oppidum in umerīs rettulit; et pellem, quam dētrāxerat, posteā prō veste gerēbat. Omnēs autem quī eam regiōnem incolēbant ubi fāmam dē morte leōnis accēpēruntī, vehementer gaudēbantō et Herculem māgnō honōre habēbant.

1. trānsfīgere. S. arms.

2. clud. 6. jaws.

3.- ē. p- 33: 1-83. 7. audāērunt. 4. tandem. S. ef. p: 56, Ē ō:

22. Labor secundus: Herculēs Hydram! Lernaeam occīdit.

Post haec iūssus est ab Eurystheō Hydram necāre: haec autem mōnstrum erat cui novem erant capita. Her- culēs igitur cum amīcō īolāō profectus est ad palūdem Lernaeam quam Hydra incolēbat. Mox mōnstrum invē- nit, et, quamquam rēs erat māgnī perīculī, collum ēius laevā prehendit—īum dextrā’ capita novem abscīderet coepit; quotiēnsō tamen hōc fēcerat, nova capita exoriē- banturē. Diū frūstrā labōrābat, tandem hōc cōnātū dēsti- tit”; cōnstituit deinde arborēs succīdere et īgnem accen- dere. Hōc celeriter fēcit, et, postquam līgna īgnem

1. The Hydra was a huge 4. cf. p. 35, l. 14. serpent having nine heads. S. as often as.

2. eāp. 36, 1. 2- 6. nāscēbantur.

3. scC. man4ā. 7. abstinuit. HERCULES. 39

comprehendērunt, ‘face ārdente colla adūssit unde2 capita exoriēbantur. Nōn tamen sine māgnō labōre haec fēcit; vēnit enim auxiliō Hydrae cancerō ingēns, quī, dum Her- culēs capita abscīdit, crūra ēius mordēbat. Postquam mōnstrum tālī modō interfēcit, sagittās suās sanguine ēius imbuitō itaque mortiferās reddiditō.

1. with a blazxing brand he 4. volnerābat, laedēbat. scorched the necāks. S. tinxit, madefēcit.

2. ex quibus. 6. effecit.

3- exnē-

23. Labor tertius: Herculēs cervum! incrēdibilī celeritāte capit.

Postquam Eurystheō caedēs Hydrae nūntiāta est, mā- gnus timor animum ēius occupāvit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad sē referre, nōluit enim virum tantae audāciae in urbe retinēre. Hīc autem cervus (cūius cornua aurea fuisse trādunturē) incrēdibilī fuit celeritāte. Herculēs igitur prīmum vestīgia8 ēius in silvīs animad- vertit; deinde, ubi cervum ipsum vīdit, summīs vīribus currere coepit. Ōsque ad vesperum currēbat neque noc- turnum tempus* sibi ad quiētem relinquēbat. Frūstrā tamen, nūllō enim modō Ppraedam cōnsequī poterat. Tandem, postquam tōtum annum cucurreratō (ita trādi- turī) cervum cursū exanimātumē cēpit et vīvum ad Eury- stheum rettulit.

I. stag. 5. Par. ad cervum perveniīre. 2. dīcuntur. 6. Pluperf. of currō.

3. tracks. 7. nārrātur.

4. obj. of relinquēbat. 8. dēfessum, cōnfectum.

20 40 FABULAE FACILES.

24. Labor quartus: Herculēs et aperī Erymanthius.

Post haec iūssus est Herculēs aprum quendam capere quī illō tempore agrōs Erymanthiōs vāstābat, et incolās2 hūius regiōnis māgnopere terrēbat. Herculēs rem su-

5 scēpit et in Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvam paulum prōgressus est, aprō occurritē; ille autem, 4simul atque Herculem vīdit, statim refūgit, et, timōre perterri- tus, in altam fossam sē prōiēcit. Herculēs igitur laque- um quem attulerat, iniēcit; et summā cum difficultāte

10 aprum ē fossā extrāxit. Ille, etsī multum reluctābāturō, nūllō modō sē līberāre potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eury- stheum vīvus relātus est.

1. wild boar. 6. cf. Eng. reluctant.

2. cf. incolēat, p. 37, l. 183. 7. cf. the last sentence of the

3. obviam iit. previous passage, of which this

4. ubi prīmum. is the passive form.

S. noose.

25. Herculēs ad regīōnem Centaurōrum pervenit.

Dē quartō labōre, quem suprā nārrāvimus, haec etiam 15 trāduntur. Herculēs, dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam regiōnem vēnit quam Centaurī incolēbant. Mox, quod nox iam appetēbat?, ad antrumē dēvertit in quō Cen- taurus quīdam, nōmine Pholus, habitābat. Ille Herculem benīgnē excēpit et cēnamt parāvit. At 20 Herculēs, postquam cēnāvitō, vīnum ā Pholō postulāvit. Frat autem in antrō māgna amphora“ vīnō optimō replēta’, 35. c. p-39. hīrō.. 3. cave. S. cēnam sāmpsit.

2. appropingquābat. 4. cibum. 6. wine jar.
3. plēna. REĒRCULZSĒS. 41

quam Centaurī ibi dēposuerant. Pholus igitur hōc vīnum dare nōlēbat, quod reliquōs Centaurōs timēbat; nūllum tamen vīnum praeter hōc in antrō habēbat. “Hōc vīnum,” inquit, “mihi commissum est . Sī igitur hēōc dabō, Centaurī mē interficient.”” Herculēs tamen eum inrīsit et ipse cyathum4 vīnī ex amphorā hausit.

1. metuēbat. 3. dērīsit. cf. Eng. deride, ridicule.

2. mandātum est. A44. pōculum.

3. Proelium cum Centaurīs.

1Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor iūcundissimus undique diffūsus est; vīnum enim suāvissimum? erat. Centaurī nōtum* odōrem sēnsērunt et omnēs ad locum convēnērunt.

Ubi ad antrum pervēnērunt, māgnopere īrātī sunt quod Herculem bibentemē vīdērunt. Tum arma rapuērunt et Pholum interficere volēbant. Herculēs tamen in aditū antrī cōnstitit et impetum eōrum fortissimē sustinēbat. īFacēs ardentēs in eōs coniēcit, multōs etiam sagittīs suīs volnerāvit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine Hydrae 5jōlim imbūtae erant. Ōmnēs igitur quōs ille sagittīs volnerāverat, venēnōō statim “absūmptī sunt: reliquī autem, ubi hōc vīdērunt, 4terga vertērunt et fugā salūtem petiērunt.

1. cf. p. 40, l. 6. 6. ōstiō, līmine.

2. Ant. clausa est. 7. cī.ē- 35 haĀ-

3. dulcissimum. S. Par. quondam tinctae erant.

4. Ant. ānōtum. 9. cf. Eng. venom.

5. cf. Eng. imbibe. 10. adlātī sunt, i.e. necātī sunt.

1I. See idioms.

—

ē IO

ī5

20

42 FABULAE FACILES.

27. Mors Pholī.

Postquam reliquī fūgērunt, Pholus ex antrō ēgressust est et corpora spectābat eōrum quī sagittīs interfectī erant. Māgnopere autem mīrātus est quod tam levi2 vol- nere exanimatī erant5, et causam ēius reī quaerēbat. Adiit igitur locum ubi cadāver cūiusdam Centaurī iacē- bat, et sagittam ē volnere trāxit. Haec tamen, sīve cāsū sīve cōnsiliō deōrum, ē manibus ēius lapsa est et pedem leviter volnerāvit. Ille extemplō4 dolōrem gravem per omnia membra sēnsit et post breve tempus vī venēnī exanimātus est. Mox Herculēs, quī reliquōs Centaurōs secūtus erat, ad antrum rediit et māgnō cum dolōre Pho- lum mortuum vīdit. Multīs cum lacrimīs corpus amīcī ad sepultūram dedit; tum, postquam alterum cyathumē

vīnī hausit, somnō sē dedit.

1. cf. Eng. egress. 4. statim.
2. pardvō. 5.5.rī. ē- 41; 1. ō-
3. occāī erant. 6. quiēvit, dormāvit.

.

28. Labor quīntus: Herculēs stabulum Augēael pūrgat.

Deinde Eurystheus Herculī labōrem hunc graviōrem imposuit. Augēās quīdam, quī illō tempore rēgnum in Ēlide obtinēbat, tria mīlia boum habēbat. Hī in stabulō ingentis? māgnitūdinis inclūdēbantur; stabulum autem inluviēē āc squālōre obsitumt erat, neque enim ad hōc tempus umquam pūrgātum erat. Hōc iūssus est Hercu- lēs intrā spatium unīus diēī pūrgāre. Ille, etsī rēs erat

1. Augeas, king of Elis. His 2. māximae.

stables had not been cleaned for 3. flth. thirty years. 4. squdlidum. HERCULES. 43

multae operae, negōtium suscēpit. Prīmum māgnō labōre fossam duodēvīgintī pedum fēcit, per quam flūmi- nis aquam dē montibus ad mūrum stabulī perdūxit. Tum, postquam mūrum perrūpit, aquam in stabulum immīsit et tālī modō, contrā opīniōnem omnium, opus cōnfēcit2

1. perfrēgit. 2. perfēcit.

2. Labor sextus: avēs Stymphālī.

Post paucōs diēs Herculēs ad oppidum Stymphālum iter fēcit, inmperāverat enim eī Eurystheus ut avēs Stym- phālidēs necāret. Hae avēs 'rōstra aēnea habēbant et carne2 hominum vēscēbanturē. Ille, postquam ad locum pervēnit, lacum vīdit; in hōc autem lacū, quī nōn procul erat ex oppidō, avēs habitābant. Nūlla tamen dabātur appropinquandī facultās, lacus enim nōn ex aquā sed ē līmō cōnstitit; Herculēs igitur neque pedibus neque lintreē prōgredī potuit.

Ille, cum māgnam partem diēī frūstrā cōnsūmpsisset, hōc cōnātū dēstitit et ad Volcānumī sē contulit, ut auxi- lium ex eō peteret. Volcānus (quī ab fabrīsē māximē colēbātur), crepundiaē quae ipse ex aereī fabricātus erat, Herculī dedit. HīsW Herculēs tam dīrum crepitum fēcit ut avēs perterritae āvolārent; ille autem, dum āvo- lant, māgnum numerum eōrum sagittīs trānsfīxit.

I. beaās of brass. 6. cymōā, nāeī.

2. From carō, cf. Eng. carnal. 7. Vulcan, the god of fire and The abl. is governed by vēscē. metal-working. bantur. S. artificibus.

3. edēbant. 9. a rattle.

4. Par. nuōn tamen appropin- 10. ef.px27, L 38. quāre poterat. 11. Refers to crepundia.

5. mud. 12. sonitum, strepitum.

I5

20 IO

I5

20

44 FABULAE FACILES.

80. Labor septimus: Herculēs taurum ex Crētā refert.

Tum imperāvit Herculī Eurystheus ut taurum quendam ferōcissimum ex īnsulā Crētā vīvum referret. Ille igitur 2nāvem cōnscendit et, cum ventus idōneusē esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen īnsulae iam appropinquāret, tanta tempestās subitō coorta est ut nāvis cursum tenēre nōn posset. Tantus autem timor animōs nautārum occupāvit ut paene omnem spem salūtis dēpōnerentē. Herculēs, tamen, etsī nāvigandī imperītusē erat, haudquāquamZ ter- ritus est.

Post breve tempus summa tranquillitās cōnsecūta est, et nautae, quī sē ex timōre iam recēperant, nāvem inco- lumemē] ad terram perdūxērunt. Herculēs ē nāvī ēgres- sus est et, cum ad rēgem Crētae vēnisset, causam veni- endī docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parāta sunt, ad eam regiōnem contendit quam taurus vāstābat. Mox taurum vīdit et, quamquam rēs erat māgnī perīculī, cor- nua ēius prehenditī. Tum, cum ingentī labōre mōn- strum ad nāvem trāxisset, cum praāedā in Graeciam rediit.

I. saevissimum. 5. dīmitterent, abicerent. 2. See idioms. 6. āknārus. 3. aptus, commodus, secundus. 7. nēquāquam, minimē om- 4. Lit. he loosed, referring to nium, nōn omnīinō. casting off the ropes before S. salvam, integram. sailing. 9. manibus cēpit.

S1. Labor octāvus: Herculēs et equī Diomēdis.

Postquam ex īnsulā Crētā rediit, Herculēs ab Eury- stheō in Thrāciam missus est ut equōs Diomēdis redūce- REĒRCULFāGF. 45

ret. Hī equī carne hominum vēscēbantur; Diomēdēs autem, vir crūdēlissimus, eīs prōiciēbat peregrīnōs2 om- nēs quī in eam regiōnem vēnerant. Herculēs igitur māgnā celeritāte in Thrāciam contendit et ab Diomēde postulāvit ut equī sibi trāderentur. Cum tamen ille hōc facere nōllet, Herculēs, īrā commōtus, rēgem interfēcit et cadāver ēius equīs prōicī iussit.

Ita mīra rērum commūtātiō facta est: is enim quī anteā multōs cum cruciātū necāverat, ipse eōdem sup- pliciō necātus est. Cum haec nūntiāta essent, omnēs quī eam regiōnem incolēbant4, māximā laetitiā affectī sunt et Herculī meritam 5grātiam referēbant. Nōn modo māximīs honōribus et praemiīs eum decorāvērunt, sed ōrābantō etiam ut rēgnum ipse susciperetī. Ille tamen hōc facere nōlēbat, et, cum ad mare rediisset, nāvem occu- pāvitē. Ubi omnia ad nāvigandum parāta sunt, equōs in nāvem collocāvitō; deinde, cum idōneam tempestātem nactus esset, sine morā ē portū solvit, et 4upaulō post equōs in lītus” Argolicum exposuit.

I. cf. 29, n. 2. S. cōnscendit.

2. Ant. cīvēs. 9. posuit.

3. tormentō, summō dolōre. 10. Par. cum ventus idōneus

4. cā 9- 37, 1 53. esset, cf. p. 44, l. 4

5. See idioms. 11. post breve tempus.

6. rogābant. 12. c. 2; n. Ē-

7. occupādret.

8. Labor nōnus: Herculēs iubētur balteumi Hippolytēs, Amāzonum rēgīnae, obtinēre.

Gēns Amāzonum dīcitur omnīnō ex mulieribus cōnsti- tisse2. Hae summam scientiam reī mīlitāris habēbant

i1. cf. Eng. velt. 2. fuisse.

15 IŌ

I5

20

46 FABULAE FACILES.

et tantam virtūtem praebēbant! ut cum virīs proelium committere audērent2. Hippolytē, Amāonum rēgina, balteum habuit celeberrimum quem Mārs eī dederat. Admēta autem, Eurystheī fīlia, fāmam dē hōc balteō accēperat et eum possidēre vehementer cupiēbat. Eury- stheus igitur Herculī mandāvit ut 4cōpiās cōgeret et bel- lum Amāzonibus īnferret. Ille nūntiōs in omnēs partēs dīmīsit et, cum māgna multitūdō convēnisset, eōs dēlēgitē quī māximum ūsum in rē mīlitārī habēbant.

1. exhibēbant. 3. imperāvit.

2. Not audīrent. cf. audēāx, 4. Par. mīlitēs conligeret. audācia. 5. cf. Eng. delegate.

3. Hippolytē balteum dare nōn volt.

Hīs virīs Herculēs persuāsit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut sēcum iter facerent. Tum cum eīs quibus persuāserat nāvem cōnscendit, et, cum ventus idōneus esset, post paucōs diēs ad ōstium flūminis Thermōdontis appulit2. Postquam in fīnēs Amāzonum vēnit, nūntium ad Hippolytam mīsit quī causam veniendī docēret et bal- teum pōsceret. Ipsa Hippolytē balteum trādereē volēbat, quod4 dē Herculis virtūte fāmam accēperat; reliquaeē tamen Amāzones eī persuāsērunt ut negāret. At Her- culēs, cum haec nūntiāta essent, bellī fortūnam temptāre cōnstituit.

Proximō igitur diē, cum cōpiās ēdūxisset, locum idō- neum dēlēgit et hostēs ad pūgnam ēvocāvit. Amāzgones

I. cf. p. 44, L. 4. 4. quia, quoniam.

2. appropinqudvit. 5. cēterae.
3. dare. 6. i.e. Hippolyte. HERCULES. 147

quoque cōpiās suās ex castrīs ēdūxērunt et 'nōn māgnō intervāllō aciem īnstrūxērunt.

1. prope, uōn procul.

3S4. Proelium cum Amāzonibus.

Palūs erat nōn māgna inter duo exercitūs; neutrī tamen initium trānseundī facere volēbant. Tandem Her- 5 culēs sīgnum dedit et, ubi palūdem trānsiit, proelium commīsit.

Amāzones impetum virōrum fortissimē sustinuērunt et contrā opīniōnem omnium tantam virtūtem praestitērunt’ ut multōs eōrum occīderint, multōs etiam in fugam con- 1o iēcerintē. Virī enim novō genere pūgnae perturbābantur, nec solitam* virtūtem praestābant. Herculēs autem, cum haec vidēret, dē suīs fortūnīs dēspērāre coepit. Mīlitēs igitur vehementer cohortātus est ut prīstinaeō5 virtūtis memoriam retinērent, neuō ‘tantum dēdecus admitterent, ī5S hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinērent; quibus verbīs animōs omnium ita ērēxitē ut multī, etiam quī volneribus cōnfecti essent, proelium sine morā redintegrārentī.

I. aqua stāgnāns. 7. Par. tantam īnfāmiam fer- 2. exhiōbuērunt, ostendērunt. rent.

3. dederint. 8. excitāvit.

4. adsuētam. 9. dēbilitāfī, īnfīrmī.

5. cf. Eng. pristine. I10. renovārent-

6. neu = et nē.

7. Amāzones vincuntur. Diū et ācriter pūgnātum est; tandem tamen ad sōlis 20

8. pāgnō in the passive voice translate it literally: here, they is always impersonal. Do not pjfought. 48 FABULAE FACILES.

occāsum tanta commūtātiō rērum facta est ut mulierēs 2terga verterent et fugā salūtem peterent. Multae autem volneribus dēfessaeē, dum fugiunt, captae sunt; in quō numerō ipsa erat Hippolytē. Herculēs summam clēmen-

5 tiam4 praestititē3 et, postquam balteum accēpit, lībertātem omnibus captīvīs dedit. Post haec sociōs ad mare redūxit et, quod nōn multum aestātis supererat, in Graeciam proficīscī mātūrāvit7. Nāvem igitur cōnscendit et, ētem- pestātem idōneam nactus, statim solvit. antequam

10 tamen in Graeciam pervēnit, ad urbem Trōiam nāvem appellere cōnstituit; frūmentum enim, quod sēcum habē- bat, iam dēficere4 coeperat.

I1. cf. Eng. commutation- 7. contendit, fēstīnāvit. 2. See idioms. S8. Par. cum ventus idōneus 3. cōnfectae, dēfatīgātae, lassae. esset. nactus is from nancīscor 4. hāmānitātem, benīgnitātem. = forte inveniō. 5. cā Ē- 47: L 9- 9. cf. 30, n. 4. 6. multum aestātis =much of 10. nāvigāre.

the summer. 11. cf. Eng. deficient, deficit.

36. Lāomedōn, rēx Trōiae, et mōnstrum.

Lāomedōn quīdam illō tempore rēgnum Trōiae obtinē- 15 bat; ad hunc Neptūnus et Apollō annō superiōre vēne- rant et, cum Trōia nōndum moenia habēret, ad hōc opus auxilium obtulerant!. Postquam tamen hōrum auxiliō moenia cōnfecta sunt, nōlēbat Lāomedōn praemium quod prōposuerat, persolvere. 20 Neptūnus igitur et Apollō, ob hanc causam īrātīē, mōn- strum quoddam mīsērunt speciēt horribilī, quod cottīdiē ē

1. From offerō. 3. cf. Eng. irate, ire.
2. dare, pendere. 4. cf. p. 27, l. 18. HERCULES. 49

marī veniēbat et hominēs pecudēsque vorābat!. Trōiānī igitur, timōre perterritī, in urbe continēbantur et pecora’ omnia ex agrīs intrā mūrōs compulerant. Lāomedōn, hīs rēbus commōtus, ōrāculum cōnsuluit; deus autem eī

praecēpitē ut fīliam Hēsionem mōnstrō obiceret4

1. cf. Eng. devour. 3. monuit, imperāvit.

2. animalia, bēstiās. 4. trāderet.

3. Hēsionē, fīlia rēgis, ab Hercule servātur.

Lāomedōn, cum hōc respōnsum renūntiātum esset, māgnum dolōrem percēpitt; sed tamen, ut cīvēs suōs tantō perīculō līberāret, ōrāculō pārēre cōnstituit et 2diem sacrificiō dīxit. Sed, sīve cāsū3 sīve cōnsiliō deōrum, Herculēs tempore opportūnissimō Trōiam attigitt; ipsō enim temporis pūnctō5 quō puella catēnīs vincta ad lītusē dēdūcēbātur, ille ‘nāvem appulit. Herculēs, ē nāvī ēgres- sus, dē rēbus quae gerēbantur ’certior factus est: tum, īrā commōtus, ad rēgem sē contulit et auxilium suum obtulitī. Cum rēx libenter eī concessisset" ut, sī posset, puellam līberāret, Herculēs mōnstrum interfēcit et puel- lam, quae jam "omnem spem salūtis dēposuerat, inco- lumem ad patrem redūxit. Lāomedōn māgnō cum

gaudiō fīliam suam accēpit, et Herculī prō tantō beneficiō 20

meritās 5grātiās rettulit.

I. sēnsit, cf. p. 28, l. 22. S. See idioms.

2. See idioms. 9. cf. p. 48, l. 17.

3. by chance. 10. permīsisset.

4. pervēnit. rt. cf. p. 30, I. S.

5. mōmentō. 12. salvam.

6. cf. 2, n. Iī. 13. See idioms.

7. Par. in portum nāvigāvit. 10

I5

20

50 FABULAE FACILES.

v

38. Labor decimus: bovēs Gēryonis.

Post haec missus est Herculēs ad īnsulam Frythīam ut bovēs Gēryonis arcesseret. Rēs erat summae difficultātis, quod bovēs ā gigante Eurytiōne et ā cane bicipite2 custō- diēbantur. Ipse autem Gēryōn speciem horribilem prae- bēbat3; habēbat enim tria corpora inter sē coniūncta. Herculēs tamen, etsī intellegēbat quantum perīculum esset, negōtium suscēpit; et postquam per multās terrās iter fēcit, ad eam partem Libyae pervēnit quae Eurōpae proxima est. Ibi in utrāque parte fretī5 quod Eurōpam ā Libyā dīvidit, columnās cōnstituitō, quae posteā Hercu- lis Columnae appellātae sunt.

1. abdāceret. 4. rem.
2. Etymology b&oi-, twice or 5. strait.

double; caput, head. 6. posuit. 3. exhibēbat.

S9. Herculēs Gēryonem interficit et obtinet bovēs.

Dum hīc1 morātur, Herculēs māgnum incommodum?2 ex calōre sōlis accipiēbat: tandem igitur, īrā commōtus, arcum suum intendit et sōlem sagittīs petiitī. Sōl tamen audāciam virī tantum admirātus est ut lintremō auream eī dederit. Herculēs hōc dōnum libentissimē’ accēpit; nūllam enim nāvem in hīs regiōnibus invenīre potuerat. Tum lintrem dēdūxit 8 et, ventum nactusē idō- neum, post breve tempus ad īnsulam pervēnit. Ubi ex I1. in hōc locō. 6. nāvem, cymbam. 2. molestiam. 7. Ant. invītissimē. 3. ārdōre. 8. launched.

4. cf. p. 37, l. 20. 9. cf. S5, n. S. 5

. aimed at. HERCULES. 52

incolīs cōgnōvit quō in locō bovēs essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et ā rēge Gēryone postulāvit1 ut bovēs sibi trāderentur. Cum tamen ille hōc facere nōllet, Herculēs et rēgem ipsum et gigantem Eurytiōnem inter- fēcit.

1. fāgitāvit, popōscit.

2. Proelium in Ligurēs et imberī lapidum.

Tum Herculēs bovēs per Hispāniam et Liguriam com- pellere2 cōnstituit: postquam igitur omnia parāta sunt, bovēs ex īnsulā ad continentem trānsportāvit. Ligurēs tamen, gēns bellicōsissima, dum ille per fīnēs eōrum iter facit, māgnīs cōpiīs convēnērunt atque eum longius prō- gredī prohibēbant. Herculēs māgnam difficultātem habē- bat; barbarī enim in locīs superiōribus cōnstiterant et saxa tēlaque in eum coniciēbant. Ille quidem paene somnem spem salūtis dēposuerat; sed tempore opportūnis- simō Iuppiter imbrem lapidum ingentium4 ē caelō dēmīsit. Hī tantā vī cecidērunt ut māgnum numerum Ligurum occīderint; ipse tamen Herculēs nihil incommodī cēpit.

I. shower. 4. Stronger than mdāgnōrum. 2. agere. 5. Par. nulla volnera. 23.5cīap- 30, 1- ē.

41. Trānsitus Alpium.

Postquam Ligurēs hōc modō superātī sunti, Herculēs quam celerrimē prōgressus est et post paucōs diēs ad Alpēs pervēnit. Necesse erat hōs trānsīre ut in ītaliam bovēs dūceret; rēs tamen summae erat difficultātis: hī enim montēs quī Galliam ūlteriōrem? ab Tītaliā dīvidunt,

1. vīctī sunt. 2. Ant. citeriōrem. IŌ

r5

20

52 FABULAE FACILES.

nivel perennī teguntur; quam ob causam neque frūmen- tum neque pābulumē in hīs regiōnibus invenīrī potest. Herculēs igitur, antequam ascendere coepit, māgnam cōpiam frūmentī et pābulī comparāvit et bovēs onerāvitt. Postquam in hīs rēbus trēs diēs cōnsūmpserat, quartō diē profectus est et, contrā omnium opīniōnem, bovēs inco- lumēsō in ītaliam trādūxit.

I. snow. 3. pābulum est cibus bēstiārum. 2. Etymology per, through- 4. cf. Eng. onerous. out; annus, the year. 5. eā p. 145; 1. 158-

42. Cācus, gigās quīdam, bovēs avufert.

Post breve tempus ad flūmen Tiberim vēnit, illō tamen tempore nūlla erat urbs in eō locō; Rōma enim nōndum condita est. Herculēs, itinere fessus, cōnstituit ibi pau- cōs diēs morārī ut sē ex labōribus recreāret. Haud pro- cul ex valle ubi bovēs pāscēbantur, antrum’ erat in quō gigās quīdam, nōmine Cācus, tum habitābat. Hīc spe- ciem terribilem praebēbat, nōn modo quod ingentī mā- gnitūdine corporis erat, sed quod īgnem ex ōre exspīrābat. Cācus autem dē adventū Herculis 2fāmam accēperat: noctū igitur vēnit, et, dum Herculēs dormit, quattuor pulcherrimōrum boum abripuit. Hōs caudīst in antrum trāxit, nē Herculēs vestīgiīs5 animadvertere posset quō in locō cēlātī essent.

I. cf. p. 40, l. 17. 4. by their tails. 2. Par. rāmōrem audīverat. 5. abl. of means. 3. nocturnō tempore. HERCULES. 53

43. Herculēs bovēs āmissōs undiquel quaerit.

Posterō diē, 2simul atque ē somnō excitātus est, Her- culēs fūrtumē animadvertit et bovēs āmissōs undique quae- rēbat. Hōs tamen nusquam reperīre poterat; nōn modo quod locī nātūram iīgnōrābat, sed quod vestīgiīs falsīs dēceptus est. Tandem, cum māgnam partem diēī frūstrā cōnsūmpsisset, cum reliquīs bōbus prōgredī cōnstituit. At, dum proficīscī parat, ūnus ē bōbus quōs sēcum habuit, mūgīre coepit. Extemplō’ eī quī in antrō inclūsī erant, mūgītum reddidērunt, et hōc modō Herculem ‘certiōrem fēcērunt quō in locō cēlātī essent. Ille, vehementer īrā- tus, ad spēluncamē quam celerrimē ēsē contulit ut praedam reciperet. At Cācus saxum ingēns ita dēiēcerat ut aditus spēluncae omnīnō obstruerētur.

1. ef. ē. 36; L 5. 5. statim. āxcīap- 31, L22. 6. See idioms.

2. theft. cf. furtive. 7?. eī p.s2, 1. av.

3. to low. S. antrum.

4. See idioms.

5. Bōbus repertīs, Cācus necātur.

Herculēs, cum nūllum alium introitum’ reperīre posset, hōc saxum āmovēre cōnātus est; sed propter ēius māgni- tūdinem rēs erat difficillima. Diū frūstrā labōrābat neque quidquam efficere poterat: tandem tamen māgnō cōnātū saxum āmōvit et spēluncamē patefēcit Ibi āmissōs bovēs māgnō cum gaudiō cōnspēxit3; sed Cācum ipsum vix

1. aditum. 3. cf. 438, n. S.

2. invenīre. 4. aperuit.

3. vīdit.

55

20 2 .

IO

15

54 FABULAE FACILES.

cernere1 potuit, quod spēlunca replēta erat fūmō2 quem ille mōre suō ēvomēbat. Herculēs, jinūsitātā speciē tur- bātus, breve tempus haesitābat; mox tamen in spēluncam inrūpitt et collum52 mōnstrī bracchiīs5) complexus est . Ille, etsī ē multum reluctātus est, nūllō modō sē līberāreē potuit; et, cum nūlla facultās respīrandī darētur, mox, quod necesse fuit, exanimātus estī.

1. vidēre, cōnspicere. 7. comprehendit.
2. smoke. cf. Eng. fumes. S8. Par. vehementer repāgnā-
3. Par. ināsitātō aspectī com- vit, summā vī restitit.

mōtus. 9. Plripere. 4. inruit, invāsit. 10. animā prēāvātus est, necātus 3u05.ē-. 39. 1. 5- est. 6. arms.

45. Labor ūndecimus: aurea pōmal Hesperidum.

Eurystheus, postquam bovēs Gēryonis accēpit, labōrem ūndecimum Herculī imposuit, graviōrem quam quōs2 suprā nārrāvimus. Mandāvitē enim eī ut aurea pōma ex hortō Hesperidum auferret. Hesperides autem nymphae erant quaedam fōrmā praestantissimāt, quae in terrā longinquāc habitābant, et quibus aurea quaedam pōma ā Iūnōne com- missa erant. Multī hominēs, aurī cupiditāte inductī, haec pōma auferre iam anteā cōnātī erant: rēs tamen difficil- lima erat; namque hortus in quō pōma erant, mūrō ingentī undique circumdatus est; praetereā dracō quīdam, cui” centum erant capita, portam hortī dīligenter custōdiēbat.

I. apples. 4. pulcherrimā. 2. The antecedent of guōs is 5. remōtā. labōrēs understood. 6. serpēns.

. imperdāvit. 7. The dative of possessor. 3. imp P HERCULES. 55

Opus1 igitur quod Eurystheus Herculī imperāverat, erat summae difficultātis, nōn modo ob causās quās memorā- vimusī sed quod Herculēs omnīnō īgnōrābat quō in locō hortus ille situsē esset.

1. labor. 2. nārrāvimus. 3. positus.

2. Herculēs Atlantem vīsit.

Herculēs, quamquam quiētem vehementer cupiēbat, cōnstituit tamen 'Eurystheō pārēre; et 2simul āc iūssa ēius accēpit, proficīscī mātūrāvitē. Ā multīs mercātō- ribust quaesīverat quō in locō Hesperides habitārent; nihil tamen certum reperīre potuerat. Frūstrā per multās terrās iter fēcit et multa perīcula subiit: tandem, cum in hīs itineribus tōtum annum cōnsūmpsisset, ad extrēmam partem orbis quae proxima erat ōceanō, pervēnit. Hīc stābat vir quīdam, nōmine Atlās, ingentī māgnitūdine corporis, quī caelum (ita trāduntē) umerīs suīs sustinēbat nē in terram dēcideretē. Herculēs tantum labōrem mā- gnopere mīrātus, post paulō in conloquium cum Atlante vēnit, et, cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium ēius petiit.

1. Par. iāssa Eurystheī facere. 4. merchants.

2. simul atque, ubi prīmum. 5. nārrant, dīāunt.

3. contendit, fēstīnāvit. 6. Not dēcīderet.

4. mox, post breve tempus.

5. Herculēs, Atlante absente, caelum sustinet.

Atlās autem potuit Herculī māximē prōdesset; ille enim, cum ipse esset pater Hesperidum, bene scīvit quō

I. iuvāre with acc., auxilium dare.

20 IO

I5

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56 FABULAE FACILES.

in locō esset hortus. Postquam igitur audīvit quam ob causam Herculēs vēnisset, “Ipse,” inquīt, “ad hortum ībō, et fīliābus meīs persuādēbō ut pōma suā sponte trā- dant.”” Herculēs, cum haec audīret, māgnopere gāvīsus est8; nōluit enim vim adhibēre4, sī rēs aliterō fierī posset: cōnstituit igitur oblātumō auxilium accipere. Atlās tamen postulāvit ut, dum ipse abesset, Herculēs caelum umerīs sustinēret. Hōc igitur negōtiumī Herculēs libenter sus- cēpit; et, quamquam rēs erat summī labōris, tōtum pon- dus caelī continuōs complūrēsē diēs sōlus sustinēbat.

1. ait, diit. 4. adferre.

2. libenter, nāllō cōgente. S. aliō modō.

3. The perfect of gaudeō. cf. 6. Participle from offerō. laetātus est. 7. Par. opus, labōrem.

S. permultōs.

48. Herculēs pōma ab Atlante accipit.

Atlās intereā1 abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, quī pauca mīlia passuum aberat, sē quam celerrimē contulerat. Eō2 cum vēnisset, causam veniendī exposuit, et fīliās suās vehementer hortātus est ut pōma trāderent. Illae diū haerēbantē; nōlēbant enim hōc facere, quod ab ipsā Iūnōne (dē quā ante dictum est) hōc mūnus4 accēperant. Atlās tamen, post multa verba, eīs persuāsit ut sibi pārē- rentō, et pōma ad Herculem rettulitē2. Herculēs intereā, cum plūrēs diēs exspectāvisset neque ūllam fāmam dē reditū Atlantis accēpisset, hāc morā graviter commōtus est. Tandem quīntō diē Atlantem vīdit redeuntem et

I1. interim. 4. dēnum.

2. illāc, in eum locum. 5. ef. p. s5, 1.7.
3. dubitābant, haesitābant. 6. reportāuit. HERCULES. 57

mox māgnō cum gaudiō pōma accēpit; tum postquam 1grātiās prō tantō beneficiō ēgit, ad Graeciam prōgiensē

mātūrāvit.

1. See idioms.

2. Labor duodecimus: canīs Cerberus.

Postquam aurea pōma ad Eurystheum relāta sunt, ūnus modoī relinquēbātur ē duodecim labōribus quōs Pȳthia” Herculī praecēperat. Eurystheus autem, cum Herculem māgnopere timēret, volēbat eum in aliquem locum mittere unde4 numquam redīre posset. Negōtiumō igitur eī dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orcō‘ in lūcem traheret. Hōc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nēmō enim umquam ex Orcō redierat. Praetereā Cerberus iste mōnstrum erat horribilī speciē, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevīs circumvolūta. Antequam tamen hunc labōrem nārrāmus, nōn aliēnum vidētur, quoniam dē Orcō mentiōnem fēci- mus, pauca dē istā regiōne prōpōnere .

1. tantum, sōlum. 6. Orcus is the abode of the

2. cf. 19. dead, Hades.

3. imperāverat, iusserat. 7. it does not seem out of

4. ex quō. place.

5. cf. p. 56, l. S. S. nārrāre.

6. Orcus.

Dē Orcō, quī īdem Hādēs dīcēbātur, haec trādunturē. Utt quisque % vitā discesserat, mānēsō ēius ad Orcum,

I1. quoque, etiam. 3. feruntur, nārrantur. 2. nōminābātur, appellāātur, 4- whenever. vocābātur. 5 5. ē vītā discēdere = morī

6. ghost, shade. 58 FABULAE FACILES.

sēdem mortuōrum, ā deō Mercuriō dēdūcēbantur. Hūius regiōnis, quae sub terrā fuisse dīcitur, rēx erat Plūtō, cui uxor erat Prōserpina, Iovis et Cereris fīlia. Mānēs igitur, ā Mercuriō dēductī, prīmum ad rīpam veniēbant Stygis?

5 flūminis, quō continētur2 rēgnum Pilūtōnis. Hōc trānsīre necesse erat, antequam in Orcum venīre possent. Cum tamen hōc flūmen nūllō ponte iūnctum esset, mānēs trāns- vehēbantur ā Charonte quōdam quī cum parvā scaphāē ad rīpam exspectābat. Charōn prō hōc officiōt mercē-

10 dem3 postulābat, neque volēbat quemquam, nisi hōc praemiumē prius dedisset, trānsvehere. Ob hanc causam mōs erat apud antīquōs nummumī in ōre mortuī pōnere eō cōnsiliō, ut, cum ille ad Stygem vēnisset, pretium trā- iectūsē8 solvere posset. Eī autem quī post mortem in

15 terrā nōn sepultī erant, Stygem trānsīre nōn potuērunt, sed in lītore per centum annōs errāre coāctī sunt: tum dēmum licuit Orcum intrāre.

1. The Styx was a river of 5. pretium. the infernal regions, across which 6. mercēdem. Charon ferried the souls of the 7. sēstertium, a coin worth dead. about five cents.

2. cingitur, circumfluitur. S. trānseundī.

3. lintre. cf. p. s0, l. 17. 9. cf. Eng. sepulture.

4. mūtnere. 10. vagūrī, obambulāre.

5. inīre, ingredī.

6. Rēgnum Plūtōnis.

Postquam mānēs Stygem hōc modō trānsierant, ad alte- 20 rum veniēbant flūmen quod Lēthē1 appellātum est. Ex hōc flūmine aquam bibere cōgēbantur: quodō cum fēcissent,

1. Lethe means forgetfulness. 2. Object of fēcissent. HERCULES. 59

rēs omnēs in vītā gestās ē memoriā dēpōnēbant. Dēni- que ad sēdem ipsam Plūtōnis veniēbant, cūius introitus2 ā cane Cerberō custōdiēbātur. Ibi PIlūtō, nigrō vestītū in- dūtus), cum uxōre Prōserpinā in soliōt sedēbat. Stābant etiam nōn procul ex eō locō tria alia solia in quibus sedē- bant Mīnōs, Rhadamanthus, et Aeacus, iūdicēs īnferōrum. Hī mortuīs jiūs dīcēbant et praemia poenāsque cōnstituē- bant: bonī enim in Campōs FĒlysiōs, sēdem beātōrum, veniēbant; improbī autem in Tartarum mittēbantur et

multīs variīsque suppliciīsī ibi excruciābanturē.

1. āctās. 6. Ant. bonā.

2. aditus. 7. poenīs.

3. amictus, circumdatus. S. cf. Eng. excruciating; tor-

4. sellā rēgālī. menta ferēbant.

5. See idioms.

6. Cymbal Charontis.

Herculēs postquam imperia Eurystheī accēpit, in Lacō- niam ad Taenarum statim sē contulit: ibi enim spēluncaē erat ingentī māgnitūdine, per quam (ut trādēbāturt) homi- nēs ad Orcum dēscendēbant. Eō5 cum vēnisset, ex incolīs quaesīvit quō in locō spēlunca illa sita essetē: quod cum cōgnōvisset, sine morā dēscendere cōnstituit. Nōn tamen sōlus hōc iter faciēbat, Mercurius enim et Minerva sē sociōs eī adiūnxerant. Ubi ad rīpam Stygis vēnit, Her- culēs scapham Charontis cōnscendit ut ad ūlteriōrem rīpam trānsīret. Cum tamen Herculēs vir esset ingentī

I. scapha, linter. 4. cf. p. 57, l. 17. 2. iāssa, mandāta. 5:. ūr 56, L 14 3:080ī9: 53: 1. ī2. ō. ef. y- 58.k 4-

IŌ IŌ

ĒS

20

60 FABULAE FACILES.

māgnitūdine corporis, Charōn solvere nōlēbat; māgno- pere enim ?verēbātur nē scapha sua, tantō pondere onerāta, in mediō flūmine mergerēturē. Tandem tamen, minīst Herculis territus, Charōn scapham solvit, et eum incolu- mem ad ūlteriōrem rīpam perdūxit.

1. cf. 30, n. 4 3. cf. Eng. inmerse, submerge.

2. See idioms. 4. verōīs īrātis.

3. Herculēs Cerberum ex Orcō ad urbem Eurystheī trahit.

Postquam flūmen Stygem tālī modō trānsiit, Herculēs in sēdem ipsīus Plūtōnis vēnit; et, postquam causam veniendī docuit, ab eō petīvit ut Cerberum auferre sibi licēret. PIūtō, quī dē Hercule fāmam accēperat, eum benīgnē excēpit, et facultātem' quam ille petēbat libenter dedit. Postulāvit tamen ut Herculēs, postquam iūssa Eurystheī explēvisset2, Cerberum in Ōrcum rūrsus redū- ceret. Herculēs haec pollicitus est, et Cerberum, quem nōn sine māgnō perīculō manibus prehenderatē, summō cum labōre ex Orcō in lūcem et ad urbem Eurystheī trāxit. Eō4 cum vēnisset, tantus pavorō8 animum Eury- stheī occupāvit ut ex ātriōō statim refūgerit: cum autem paulum’ sē ex timōre recēpisset, multīs cum lacrimīs obsecrāvitē8 Herculem ut mōnstrum sine morā in Orcum redūceret. Sīc, contrā omnium opīniōnem, duodecim illī labōrēs quōs Pȳbthia praecēperat, intrā duodecim

I. veniam, licentiam. 6. The atrium was the prin-

2. exsecātus esset. cipal room of a Roman house.

3. cēperat. 171. parum. Ant. multum,

4

5

. Adv. māgnogere. . timor. 8. precātus est, obtestātus est. RERCULSS. 61

annōs cōnfectī sunt: 2quae cum ita essent, Herculēs, servitūte tandem līberātus, māgnō cum gaudiō Thēbās rediit. i

1. perāctī sunt. 2. See idioms.

2. Herculēs et Nessus, Centaurus.

Post haec Herculēs multa alia praeclāra perfēcit quae nunc perscrībere 2ongum est: tandem, iam jaetāte prō- vectus, Dēianīram Oeneī fīliam in mātrimōnium dūxit: post tamen trēs annōs accidit ut puerum quendam, nōmine Eunomum, cāsū occīderet. Cum autem mōs esset ut, sī quis homīnem cāsū occīdisset, in exsilium īret, Herculēs cum uxōre suā ē fīnibus ēius cīvitātis exīre mātūrāvit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flūmen quoddam pervēnērunt quod nūllo ponte iūnctum erat, et, dum quae- runt quōnam* modō flūmen trāiciantō accurrit Centaurus quīdam, nōmine Nessus, quī auxilium viātōribus obtulit. Herculēs igitur uxōrem suam in tergum Nessī imposuit: tum ipse flūmen nandō‘ trāiēcit. At Nessus, paulum in aquam prōgressusī, ad rīpam subitō reversus estē et Dēianīram auferre cōnābāturō. Quod cum animadver- tisseto Herculēs, īrā graviter commōtus, arcum intendit et pectus Nessī sagittā trānsfīxit.

1. ēregia, eximia. The adj. S. trānseant. is used substantively. 6. by swimming; abl. of the

2. See idioms. gerund expressing means.

3. senex, aetāte prōgressus. 7. profectus.

4. quōnam: the enclitic -uam 8. rediit. makes quō emphatic. 9. temptātat.

5. vīdisset, intellēxisset. 62 FABULAE FACILES.

6. Nessus moriēns aliquid cruōris suī Dēianīrae dat.

Nessus igitur, sagittā Herculis trānsfīxus, moriēns humī iacēbat?; at, ēnē occāsiōnem suī ulcīscendī dīmit- teret, ita locūtus est: “Tū, Dēianīra, verba morientis1

5 audī: sī vīsē amōrem marītī tuī cōnservāre, aliquid san- guinis hūius, quī ē pectore meō effunditur, sūme āc repōne; tum, sī umquam suspīciō in mentem tuam vēnerit, vestem marītī hōc sanguine īnficiēsē” Haec locūtus Nessus ēanimam efflāvit; Dēianīra autem nihil

10 malī suspicāta, imperātald fēcit. Post breve tempus Her- culēs bellum contrā Eurytum, rēgem Oechaliae, suscēpit, et, cum rēgem ipsum cum fīliīs interfēcisset, Iolēn, fīliam Eurytī, captīvam redūxit. Antequam tamen domum vēnit, nāvem ad Cēnaeum prōmunturium appulitā, et,

15 in terram ēgressus, āram cōnstituit ut Iovī sacrificāret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domum mīsit quī vestem albam referret: mōs enim erat apud antīquōs, dum sacrificia faciēbant, vestem albam gerere. At Dēianīra verita nē Herculēs amōrem ergā

20 Iolēn habēret, vestem, priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Nessī īnfēcit.

1. Locative case, on the 7. reconde, serv4ā. ground. S. imbuēs, tingēs. cf. p. 39,

2. Not iaciēbat. I. 6.

3. lest he should lose the op- 9. mortuus est. portunity of avenging himself. 10. mandata, iāssa.

4. sc. mexr. 11. cf. p. 48, l. 1I.

5. From volō. 12. Translate as a present

6. virī, coniugis. participle. HERCULES. 63

7. Mors Herculis.

Herculēs nihil malī suspicātus, vestem, quam Lichās attulit, statim induit: post tamen breve tempus dolōrem per omnia membra sēnsit, et quae causa esset ēius reī māgnopere mīrābātur. Dolōre paene exanimātus, vestem dētrahere1 cōnātus est: illa tamen in corpore haesit2, neque ūllō modō dīvellī potuit. Tum dēmum Herculēs, quasi furōre impulsus, in montem Oetam “sē contulit, et in rogumō quem summā celeritāte exstrūxit, sē imposuit. Hōc cum fēcisset, eōs quī circumstābant ōrāvit ut rogum quam celerrimē accenderentī: omnēs diū recūsābantē: tandem tamen pāstor quīdam, ad misericordiam inductus, īgnem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fūmōō obscūrantur, Herculēs, dēnsā nūbe vēlātus“, ā Iove in Olympum abrep-

tus4 est.

1. dīvellere. 7. īnflammārent.
2. adfixa est. S. negābant.
3. dētrahī. 9. cf. p. 54, l. I.
4. See idioms. 10. tēctus. S. pyram. 11. abdlātus.
5. ēdūxit. Ant. dēstrāxit, cf.

Eng. destruction.

I5 IO

VIRI ROMAE. 1

2

MARCUS ATILIUS REGULUS. 256 B.C. The events here recorded took place during the First Punic War (264- 241 B.C.). Regulus was celebrated not only for his heroism but also for the

simplicity and the frugality of his life. Subsequent ages loved to point to him as a typical Roman.

57. Hannō, quasi dē pāce āctūrus, ad Rēgulum vēnit.

Mārcus Rēgulus cum Poenōs māgnā clāde adfēcisset?”, Hannō Carthāginiēnsis ad eum vēnit quasi dē pāce āctū- rus, rē vērā ut tempus extraheret dōnect novae cōpiae ex Āfricā advenīrent. Is ubi ad cōnsulem accessitō exor- tus estō mīlitum clāmor audītaque vōx, idem huicē facien- dum esse quod paucīs ante annīs Cornēliō cōnsulī ā Poenīs factum esset. Cornēlius enim velutō in conlo- quium per fraudem ēvocātus ā Poenīs comprehēnsus erat et in vincula coniectus. Iam Hannō timēre incipiēbat,

I. caedēs, interneciō, calami- 6. coepit, incēpit. tās. 7. idem ... factum esset, 2. aliquem māgnā clāde adfi- ind. disc. after vōx audīta est. cere = aliquem dēvincere. which suggests a verb of saying. 3. prōdāceret, extenderet. 8. to him. 4. dum. 9. quasi.

5. adiit, appropinqudvit. I0. captus erat. - sisas8 ;282 : igqun īīrmntittu utnin i! īmiī RīmīmmImā;:

T r

niniiimisinuni

ROMAN IN TOGA PRAETEXTA. MARCUS ATILIUS REGULVUEF. 65

sed perīculum astūtō respōnsō āvertit: “2Hōc vērō,” inquit, “sī fēceritis, nihilō eritis Āfrīs meliōrēs.” Cōnsul tacēre iussit eōs quī pār parī referrīē volēbant, et conve- niēnst gravitātī Rōmānae respōnsum dedit: “Istō tē metū, Hannō, fidēs Rōmāna līberat.” Dē pāce, quia neque Poenus sēriō3 agēbat et cōnsul vīctōriam quam pācem mālēbat, nōn convēnit.c

1. sagācī, sapiente. 3. reddī.

2. Or. Sī hōc vērō fēceritis, 4. aptum. nihilō meliōrēs eritis frīs. 5. Adv. cf. rē vērā.

3. pactum est.

4. Rēgulus deinde in Africam trāiēcit, ubi, trecentīs ca- stellīs expūgnātīs, ingentem serpentem occīdit.

Rēgulus deinde in Āfricam prīmus Rōmānōrum ducum trāiēcit. Clypeam urbem et trecenta castella expūgnāvit, neque cum hominibus tantumī, sed etiam cum mōnstrīs dīmicāvit?2. Nam cum ad flūmen Bagradam castra habē- ret, anguis2 mīrā4 māgnitūdine exercitum Rōmānōrum vexābat; multōs mīlitēs ingentī ōre corripuit; plūrēs caudae5 verbereē ēlīsit’; nōnnūllōs ipsō pestilentis hāli- tūsē adflātū exanimāvitō. Neque is tēlōrum īctū perforārī poterat, dūrissimā squāmārumī lōrīcā omnia tēla facile repellente. Cōnfugiendum fuit ad māchinās advectīsque

1. Adv. sōlum. 7. frēgit.

2. pāgnāvit. 8. spīritās.

3. serpēns. 9. animā prīvāvit, necāvit.

4. ēgregiā, singulārī. 10. fīrmissimā.

5. cf. Eng. caudal, and p. 52, I11. of the scales. l. 19. 12. lōrāca est mda;nīmentum

6. plāgā, Ētā. corporis. IO

I

n

66 VIRI ROMAE.

ballistīs et catapultīs, velut arx quaedam' mūnīta, dēicien- dus hostis fuit. Tandem saxōrum pondere oppressus iacuit, sed cruōre suō flūmen corporisque pestiferō2 adflātū vīcīna loca īnfēcit Rōmānōsque castra inde submovēre coēgit. Coriumē bēluaet, centum et vginē pedēs longum, Rōmam mīsit Rēgulus.

1. quīdam is the nearest ap- 3. pellis. cf. Eng. pelt. proach to the English indefinite 4. Bēlua est animal ingēns et article. formīādābile.

2. perniciōsō, exitiōsō.

3. Senātus imperium Rēgulī in annum proximum prō- rogāvitī et alimenta coniugī līberīsque ēius dedit.

Huic ob rēs bene gestās imperium in annum proximum prōrogātum est. Quod ubi cōgnōvit Rēgulus, scrīpsit senātuī vīlicum3 suum in agellō4, quem septem iūgerūmē habēbat, mortuum esse et servum ‘occāsiōnem nactum aufūgisse ablātō5 īnstrūmentō rūsticō, ideōqueē petere sē ut sibi successor in Āfricam mitterētur, nē, dēsertō agrō, nōn esset unde uxor et līberī alerentur. Senātus acceptīs litterīs rēs quās Rēgulus āmīserat pūblicā pecūniā redimī iussit, agellum colendum locāvitō, alimenta coniugī āc līberīs praebuitī.

1. prōdaūxit, extendit. 6. Par. occāsiōne fōrtuītō in-
2. factās. ventā.
3. vālicus est praefectus vālae 7. From ab-ferō. cui tōta rērum rāūsticārum cūāra 8. et ob hanc rem. commissa est. 9. recipī, reddī, repōnī.
4. parvō agrō. 10. let, lease.
5. gen. of measure. A iīūge- 11. dedit, trādidit.

rum is about ȳ of an acre. MARCUS ATILIUS REGULVS. 67

60. Carthāginiēnsēs, dūrīs pācis condiciōnibus impositīs, ā Lacedaemoniīs auxilium petiērunt.

Rēgulus deinde multīs proeliīs Carthāginiēnsium opēs contudit eōsque pācem petere coēgit. Quam cum Rēgu- lus nōllet nisi dūrissimīs condiciōnibus dare, ā Lacedae- moniīs illī auxilium petiērunt.

1. Ant. auxit.

2. Rēgulus ā Xanthippō vīctus et captus est.

Lacedaemoniī Xanthippum, virum bellī perītissimum, Carthāginiēnsibus mīsērunt, ā quō Rēgulus vīctus est ūltimā perniciē; nam duo tantum mīlia hominum ex omnī Rōmānō exercitū refūgērunt et Rēgulus ipse captus et in carcerem coniectus est.

1. sōlum.

2. Inde Rōmam dē permūtandīs captīvīs missus est.

Inde Rōmam dē permūtandīs captīvīs missus est datō iūreiūrandō ut, sī nōn impetrāssetī, redīret ipse Carthāgi- nem. Quī cum Rōmam vēnisset, inductus in senātum mandāta exposuit; sententiam nē dīceret recūsāvit3; quam diū iūreiūrandō hostium tenērētur, sē nōn esse senātōrem. Iūssus tamen sententiam dīcere, “negāvit esse ūtile captīvōs Poenōs reddī, illōs enim adulēscentēs esse et bonōs ducēs, sē iam cōnfectumō senectūte. Cūius

1. exōrāsset, precibus obtinu- idea of saying in this verb gov-

isset, perfēcisset. erns the ind. disc. of the following 2. Translate as if sententiam sentence. dācere. 4. dīxit nōn esse.

3. dētrectāvit, nōluit. The s. aēbilitātum.

Lāl

5 IO

15

68 VIRI ROMAE.

cum valuisset1 auctōritās, captīvī retentī sunt, ipse, cum retinērētur ā propinquīs et amīcīs, tamen Carthāginem rediit; neque vērō tunc īgnōrābat sē ad crūdēlissimum hostem et ad exquīsīta2 suppliciaē8 proficīscī, sed iūsiūran- dum cōnservandum4 putāvit.

1. plās potuisset, vkcisset. 3. poends.

2. eximia, singulēria. 4. SC. esse.

3. Rēgulus Carthāginem revertit et summō suppliciō occīsus est.

Reversum! Carthāginiēnsēs omnī cruciātū necāvē- runtē3; palpebrīs* enim resectīsē diū eum in locō tenebri- cōsō5 tenuērunt; deinde, cum sōl esset ārdentissimus, eum repente ēductum intuērī caelum coēgērunt; postrēmō in ārcamē līgneam undique clāvīsē praeacūtīs horrentemī5 et tam angustam ut ērēctus perpetuō manēre cōgerētur, eum inclūsērunt. Ita dum fessumī corpus, quōcunque inclī- nābat, stimulīs ferreīs cōnfoditur, vigiliīs et dolōre con- tinuō interēmptus ests. Hīc fuit Atīlī Rēgulī exitus, ipsā vītā clārior et inlūstrior.

1. Reversum agrees with eum 7. dēnique, tandem, ad extrē- understood, object of necāvē. mum. runt. . S. cistam. cf. arā, chest.

2. tormentō, dolōre. 9. nails.

3. occīdērunt, interfēcērunt. 10. horridam, asperam.

4. eyelids. 11. dēfessum, fatārātum.

5. rescissīs, amputātīs. 12. pungitur, volnerātur.

6. obscārō, sine lāmine. 13. necātus est.

7. fīnis vītae, mors. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 69

I1. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS.

218-183 B.C.

This Scipio, known as Africanus Major to distinguish him from Afri- canus Minor, the hero of the Third Punic War, was of a noble line of ances- tors. He first distinguished himself in a18 s.C., when but sixteen years of age, by saving his father’s life in battle. It was his supreme glory to con- quer Hannibal and bring the Second Punic War to a successful conclusion.

64. Pueritia Scīpiōnis.

Pūblius Cornēlius Scīpiō, nōndum annōs pueritiae ēgres- sus patrem singulārī virtūte servāvit; quī cum, pūgnā apud Tīcīnum contrā Hannibalem commissā, graviter vol- nerātus in hostium manūs iam iam ventūrus esset, fīlius, interiectō corpore, Poenīs inruentibus1 sē opposuit et pa- trem perīculō līberāvit.

1. invādentiōbus, impetum facientibus.

2. Aedīlis creātus.

Quae pietās Scīpiōnī posteā aedīlitātem petentī favōrem populī conciliāvit.. Cum obsisterent tribūnī plēbis, ne- gantēs ratiōnem ēius esse habendam quod nōndum ad petendum lēgitima aetās esset, “Sī mē,” inquit Scīpiō, “omnēs Quirītēs aedīlem facere volunt, satis annōrum habeō.”” Tantō inde favōre ad suffrāgiaē itum est ut tri-

būnī inceptōt dēsisterent. I1. attulit, comparāvit. 3. cf. suffrage. 2. saying that he ought not to 4. cōnsiliō.

be considered.

bud

ē

IS IO

I5

20

70 VIRI ROMAE.

66. Post calamitātem Cannēnsem summa imperī ad eum dēlāta esti. Coēgit nōbilēs quōsdam iuvenēs iūrāre ipsōs rem pūblicam nōn dēsertūrōs esse.

Post clādem Cannēnsem Rōmānī exercitūs reliquiae Canusium perfūgerant; cumque’ ibi tribūnī mīlitum quat- tuor essent, tamen omnium cōnsēnsū ad Pūblium Scīpi- ōnem admodumē adulēscentem summa imperī dēlāta est. Quibus cōnsultantibus nūntiat Pūblius Fūrius Phnilus, cōnsulāris virī fīlius, nōbilēs quōsdam iuvenēs propter dēspērātiōnem cōnsilium dē ītaliā dēserendā inīret. Sta- tim in hospitium53 Metellī, quī coniūrātiōnis erat prīnceps, sē contulit Scīpiō; et cum concilium ibi iuvenum, de qui- bus adlātum eratō, invēnisset, strictō super capita cōn- sultantium gladiō, “Iūrāte,” inquit, “vōs neque ipsōs rem pūblicam populī Rōmānī dēsertūrōs neque alium cīvem Rōmānum dēserere passūrōsē8; quī nōn iūrāverit, in sē hunc gladium strictum esse sciat.” eHaud secus pavidī quam sī vīctōrem Hannibalem cernerentī, iūrant omnēs, custōdiendōsque sēmet ipsōs Scīpiōnī trādunt.

I. tribāta est. 7. strictō gladiō, drawing his 2. Concessive. sword.

3. valaē. S8. permissārōs, concessārōs.

4. capere. 9. Par. uōn aliter timidī.

5. domum. 10. vidērent.

6. nāntiātum erat. 11. tuendōs, dēfendendōs.

7. In Hispāniam Scīpiōnem Rōmānī mittunt. Cum Rōmānī duās clādēs in Hispāniā accēpissent duoque ibi summī imperātōrēs? intrā diēs trīgintā cecidis-

8. damna, calamitātēs. 2. ducēs. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 71

sentī, placuit exercitum augērī eōqueē prōcōnsulem mittī; nec tamen quem mitterent, satis cōnstābat. Eā dē rē Sindicta sunt comitia. Prīmō5 populus exspectābat ut, quī sē tantō dīgnōs imperiō crēderent, nōmina profitē- rentur; sed nēmō audēbat illud imperium suscipere. Maestaē igitur cīvitās āc ēprope inops cōnsilī comitiōrum diē in campum dēscendit. Subitō P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, quattuor et vīgintī fermē“ annōs nātusu, professus 2sē petere, in superiōre, undeī cōnspicī posset, locō cōnstitit. In quem postquam omnium ōra conversa sunt, 4ad ūnum omnēs Scīpiōnem in Hispāniā prōcōnsulem esse iussērunt. At postquam animōrum impetus resēditē, populum Rōmā- num coepit!ē factī paenitēreī; aetātī Scīpiōnis māximē diffīdēbant. Quod ubi animadvertit Scīpiō, advocātā cōntiōne ita māgnō ēlātōquel8 animō dē bellō quod geren- dum esset disseruit5 ut hominēs cūrā līberāret spēque certissimā implēret.

I. interfectī essent, mortuī es- 11. old. See idioms. sent. 12. that he was a candidate. 2. optimum vīsum est. The 13. ex quō. subject is the following infini- 14. Par. nē unō quidem ex- tive clause. ceptō. See idioms. 3. et in illum locum. 15. requiēvit. 4. Par. manifēstum erat. 16. incēpit. It is used imper- 5. a general assembly was sonally here. called. 17. repent. Remember that

6. at first.

7. Par. pāblicē cōnfitērentur.

8. trīstis.

9. Par. paene sine cōnsiliō. IO. paene, prope.

this verb takes the accusative of the person and the genitive of the thing.

18. dltō, excelsō.

19. dīxit, locātus est. 72 VIRI ROMAE.

20. Profectus in Hispāniam, Carthāginem Novam expūgnā- vit et clēmentiā in Celtibērōrum prīncipem adulēscen- tem, eam gentem Rōmānīs coniūnxit.

Profectus igitur in Hispāniam Scīpiō Carthāginem Novam, quō diē vēnit, expūgnāvit. 2Eō congestae erant

omnēs paene KĀfricae et Hispāniae opēsō, ibi arma, ibi

1

20

pecūnia, ibi tōtīus Hispāniae obsidēs erant; quibus om- nibus potītus est* Scīpiō. Inter captīvōs ad eum adducta est eximiae fōrmae adulta virgō. Quam ubi comperitē inlūstrī locō inter Celtibērōs nātamī prīncipīque ēius gentis adulēscentī dēspōnsamē esse, arcessītīs? parentibus et spōnsō“, eam reddidit. Parentēs virginis, quī "ad eam redimendam satis māgnum aurī pondus attulerant, Scīpi- ōnem ōrābant ut id ā sē dōnum acciperet. Scīpiō aurum ante pedēs pōnī iussit vocātōque ad sē virginis spōnsō, “Super dōtem ” inquit, “quam acceptūrus ā socerō es, haec tibi ā mē dōtālia dōna accēdentī” aurumque tollere āc sibi habēre iussit. Ille domum reversus ad referendam Scīpiōnī grātiam Celtibērōs Rōmānīs concili- āvit.

1. eō diē quō vēnit. 11. to ransom her.
2. in id oppidum. 12. in addition to.
3. dāvitiae, opulentia. 13. Dōs est id quod datur
4. potior takes the ablative. puellae quae in mātrimōnium S. ēgregiae, praestantis. datur.
5. invēnit. 14. father-in-law.
6. ortam. 15. addentur. S. in mātrimōnium prōmis- 16. Par. dē terrā levāre.

sam. 17. to requite the favor to 9. ad sē vocātis. Scipio. See idioms.

10. her betrothed. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANVUS. 73

11. Scīpiō Hasdrubalem expellit; captīvōs partim dīmit- tit partim vēndit. Nārnātiō dē Massīvā, captīvō rēgiō.

Deinde Scīpiō Hasdrubalem vīctum ex Hispāniā expu- lit. Castrīs hostium potītus omnem praedam miīlitibus concessit2, captīvōs Hispānōs sine pretiō domum dīmīsit; Āfrōs vērō vēndī iussit. Frat inter eōs puer adultus rēgiī generis, fōrmā īnsīgnī5,, quem cum percontārētur Scīpiō quis et cūiāsō esset, et cūr ‘id aetātis in castrīs fuisset, “Numida sum,” inquit puer, “Massīvam populārēsī vocant; orbusē8 ā patre relīctus, apud avum māternum, Numidiae rēgem, ēducātus sum. Cum avunculō Masi- nissā, quī nūperī subsidiō Carthāginiēnsibus vēnit, in Hispāniam trāiēcī; prohibitus propter aetātem ā Masi- nissā numquam ante proelium iniī. Eō diē quō pūgnā- tum est cum Rōmānīs, īnsciō'2 avunculō, clam'5 armīs equōque sūmptō4, in aciem exiī; ibi prōlapsō equō cap- tus sum ā Rōmānīs.” Scīpiō eum interrogatīē velletne ad avunculum revertī? Cum effūsīs gaudiō lacrimīs id vērō sē cupere puer dīceret, tum Scīpiō puerō ānulum?ī

aureum equumque ōrnātum dōnat datīsque quī tūtō“ 20

dēdūcerent equitibusīē, dīmīsit.

1. spolia. 10. lately.

2. dedit. 11. An adverb.

3. eximiā. 12. nēsciō, īgnōrante.

4. interrogāret. 13. occultē, ant. palam. S. unde, ex quō locō. 14. captō.

5. at that time of life; see In- I15. percontātur. troduction IV, s16, 4, c. 16. ring.

6. cīvēs met. 17. An adverb = sine perī-

7. sine parentibus. culō.

8. maternal uncle. 18. abl. abs. with datīs. IO

rē

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74 VIRI ROMAE.

70. Scīpiō rēgis appellātiōnem per māgnitūdinem aniīimī dēnegat.

Cum Pīūblius Cornēlius Scīpiō sē ergā Hispānōs clē- menter gessissetī, circumfūsa multitūdō eum rēgem in- gentī2 cōnsēnsū appellāvit; at Scīpiō silentiō per prae- cōnemē factō, “Nōmen imperātōris,” inquit, “quō mē meī mīlitēs appellārunt, mihi māximum est: rēgium nōmen, alibī māgnum, Rōmae intolerābile est. Sī id amplissimumē iūdicātis5) quod rēgāle est, vōbīs licet exi- stimāre rēgālem in mē esse animum; sed ōrō’ vōs ut ā rēgis appellātiōne abstineātis.” Sēnsēreē etiam barbarī māgnitūdinem animī quā Scīpiō id āspernābāturō quod cēterī mortālēs admīrantur et concupīscuntī5.

I1. sē gerere. See idioms. 6. putātis, exītimātis.

2. immēnsō, māximō. 7. petō, rogō.

3. herald. S. vīdērunt, intellēxērunt.

4. aliō in locō. 9. rēiciēbat.

S. clārissimum. 10. vehementer cupiunt.

71. Scīpiō, receptā Hispāniā, in Ēfricam lēgātum cum dōnīs mīsit quī amīcitiam Syphācis, Maurōrum rēgis, conciliāret.

Scīpiō, receptā Hispāniā, cum iam bellum in ipsam āfri- cam trānsferre meditārētur, conciliandōs prius rēgum et gentium animōs exīstimāvit. Syphācem, Maurōrum rē- gem, opulentissimum tōtīus Āfricae rēgem, quem māgnō ūsuī sibi foreī spērāret, prīmum temptāre statuitē. Itaque lēgātum cum dōnīs ad eum miīsit C. Laelium, quōcum intimā familiāritāte vīvēbat. Syphāx amīcitiam Rōmā-

1. futārum esse. 2. dēcrēvit. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 75

nōrum sē accipere adnuit' sed fidem nec dare nec acci- pere nisi cum ipsō cōram5 duce Rōmānō voluit.

1. adsēnsit, adfīrmāvit. 2. face to face.

2. Scīpiō ipse in āfricam trāiēcit et ibi Hasdrubalem hostem forte invēnit.

Scīpiō igitur in Africam trāiēcit. Forte ita incidit ut eō ipsō tempore Hasdrubal, pulsus ex Hispāniā, ad eundem portum appelleret!, Syphācis amīcitiam pariter petītūrus”. Uterque ā rēge in hospitium invītātusē2. tCēnātum simul apud rēgem est, eōdem etiam lectō Scīpiō atque Has- drubal accubuēruntē2. Tanta autem inerat cōmitās’ in Scīpiōne ut nōn Syphācem modo sed etiam hostem īnfē- stissimumē Hasdrubalem sibi conciliāret. Scīpiō “foedere īctō cum Syphāce in Hispāniam ad exercitum rediit.

1. admovēret, put in, bring to 5. couch. land; sc. nāvem. cf. p. 48, l. 11. 6. reclined.

2. Expresses purpose. 7. benīgnitās, adfābilitās.

3. sc. est. 8. inimācissimum.

4. They dined together with 9. Par. amīitiā cōnfirmātā. the Ēing.

5. Masinissa, amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne iungere cupiēns, in conloquium cum eō vēnit. Scīpiō eum in societātem recēpit.

Masinissa quoque amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne iungere tiam dūdum cupiēbat. Quā rē ad eum trēs Numidārum prīn- cipēs mīsit ad tempus locumque conloquiō statuendum”.

IŌ

Duōs prō obsidibus retinērī ā Scīpiōne iubet; remissō 20

1. had long desired. 2. praescrībendum, adsārnandum. IO

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76 VIRI ROMAE.

tertiō quī Masinissam ad locum cōnstitūtum addūceret, Scīpiō et Masinissa cum paucīs in conloquium vēnērunt. Cēperat iam ante Numidam ex fāmā? rērum gestārum admīrātiō virī, sed māior praesentis venerātiō cēpit; erat enim in voltūt māiestās summa; accēdēbatō prōmissa caesariēs habitusqueī corporis, nōn ēcultus munditiīs, sed virīlis vērē āc mīlitāris et flōrēns iuventā. Prope attoni- tus ipsō congressū Numida ēgrātiās dē fīliō frātris remissō agit: adfīrmat sē ex eō tempore eam quaesīvisse occā- siōnem, quam tandem oblātamī nōn omīseritī; cupere sē illī et populō Rōmānō 2operam nāvāre. Laetus eum Scīpiō audīvit atque in societātem recēpit.

1. An adverb. 7. fōrma, figāra, speciēs.

2. rumōre. S. ōrnātus ēlegantiā.

3. sc. virī. 9. grātiās . .. agit. See

4. faciē. idioms.

S. adaēbātur. 10. datam.

6. long hair. 11. praetermāserit.

7. auxilium dare.

8. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit et cōnsul factus in Siciliam prōvinciam suam trāiēcit. Nārrātur quō modō sine pūblicā īmpēnsā1 Scīpiō suōs equitēs parāverit.

Scīpiō deinde Rōmam rediit et ante annōs cōnsul factus est. Sicilia eī prōvincia dēcrēta est permissum- queē ut in Āfricam indet trāiceret. Quī cum vellet ex fortissimīs peditibus Rōmānīs trecentōrum equitum nume- rum complēre nec posset illōs subitō armīs et equīs in- struere5, id prūdentī cōnsiliō perfēcit. Namque ex omnī

I. cf. expense. 3. sc. est.

2. sc. iūstēs. See idioms. 4 2e. ex Sāīūē.
3. adōrnāre. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUSE. 77

Siciliā trecentōs iuvenēs nōbilissimōs et dītissimōs, !quī equīs mīlitārent et sēcum in Āfricam trāicerent, lēgit diemque eīs ēdīxit quā equīs armīsque īnstrūcti atque ōrnātī adessent. Gravīst ea mīlitiaj, procul domō, terrā marīque multōs labōrēs, māgna perīcula adlātūra vidē- bātur; neque ipsōs modo, sed parentēs cōgnātōsqueē eōrum ea cūra angēbatī. Ubi diēs quae dicta erat advē- nit, arma equōsque ostendēruntē, sed ēomnēs ferē lon- ginquum et grave bellum horrēreū appārēbat. Tunc Scīpiō mīlitiam eīs sē remissūrum ait, sī arma et equōs mīlitibus Rōmānīs voluissent trādere. Laetī condiciōnem accēpērunt iuvenēs Siculī. Ita Scīpiō sine pūblicā im- p—ēnsā suōs īnstrūxit ōrnāvitque equitēs.

I. to serve as cavdlry. 7. vexdābat, sollicitōs reddēbat. 2. ēlēgit. cf. elect. S. mōnstrāvērunt. 3. parātī. 9. omnēs ... horrēre is sub- 4. acc. plural agreeing with ject of appārēbat.

labōrēs. I0. paene, prope. S5. bellum. 11. vehementer timēre. 6. coniānctōs sanguine. 12. dīxit.

75. Scīpiō ex Ssiciliā in āfricam māgnō mīlitum. ārdōre profectus, castra in proximīs tumulīs posuit. Speculā- tōrēs hostium in castrīs captōs nōn sōlum sine sup- pliciō dīmīsit, sed etiam tōtum exercitum ostendit.

Tunc Scīpiō ex Siciliā in Āfricam ventō secundō pro- fectus est tantō mīlitum ārdōre, ut nōn ad bellum dūcī vidērentur, sed ad certa vīctōriae praemia. Celeriter nāvēs ē cōnspectū Siciliae ablātae sunt lcōnspectaque brevī

1. Or. et brevī (tempore) Africae lāora cēnspecta (sunt).

20 IO

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78 VIRI ROMAE.

tempore Āfricae lītora. Scīpiō cum ēgrediēns ad terram ē nāvī prōlapsus esset et ob hōc attonitōs mīlitēs cerneret, id quod trepidātiōnem adferēbat in hortātiōnem conver- tēns, “Āfricam oppressi4,” inquitō, “miīlitēs !” CEĒxpositīs cōpiīs in proximīs tumulīs castra mētātus estī. Ibi spe- culātōrēs hostium in castrīs dēprehēnsōs et ad sē per- ductōs nec suppliciō affēcit nec dē cōnsiliīs āc vīribusē Poenōrum percontātus estō, sed “circā omnēs Rōmānī exercitūs manipulōs cūrāvit dēdūcendōs; deinde interro- gātōs numī ea satis cōnsīderāssent quae speculārī? erant iūssī, prandiōs datō incolumēs dīmīsit.

I. exiēns. 7. posuit.

2. cecidisset. S. cōpiīs.

3. metā permōtōs. 9. interrogdvit.

4. A pun: the word being 10. Par. dedit mandāta ut

used in the sense of ‘press circā tōtum Rōmānum exercitum against or upon’ or of ‘conquer, dēdacerentur.

or subdue. 11. whether. s. dīxit, ait. 12. īnspicere, explōrāre. 6. Par. cōpiīs ē nāvibus dv 13. cibō.

missīs. 14. salvēōs, integrōs.

76. Masinissa sē Scīpiōnī coniūnxit, sed Syphāx, quī ad Poenōs dēfēcerat, vīctus Rōmam missus est.

Scīpiōnī in Āfricam advenientī Masinissa sē coniūnxit cum parvā equitum turmā. Syphāx vērō ā Rōmānīs ad Poenōs dēfēcerat. Hasdrubal, Poenōrum dux, Syphāx- que Scīpiōnī sē opposuērunt, quī utrīusque castra ūnā nocte perrūpit et incendit. Syphāx ipse captus et vīvus

1. manāū. 2. penetrāvit, vī ingressus est. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 2

ad Scīpiōnem pertractus estt. Syphācem in castra ad- dūcī cum esset nūntiātum, omnis velut ad spectāculum triumphī multitūdō effūsa est; praecēdēbat ipse vinctusō, sequēbātur grex* nōbilium Maurōrum. PMovēbat omnēs fortūna virī cūius amīcitiam ōlim Scīpiō petierat. Rēgem aliōsque captīvōs Rōmam miīsit Scīpiō; Masinissam quī ēgregiēē rem Rōmānam adiūveratī aureā corōnā dōnāvit.

1. dēductus est. 4. multitādō.

2. Or. cum nāntiātum esset 5. Or. fortina virī cāius amī- Syphācem in castra addācī, om- citiam Scīpiō ōlim petierat, onnēs nis multitādō, etc. movēbat.

3. in vinculīs. 6. eximiē, excellenter.

4. auxilium dederat, with the dative.

5. Hannibal ex ītaliā ad dēfendendam patriam revo- cātur.

Haec et aliae quae sequēbantur clādēst, Carthāginiēn- sibus tantum terrōris intulērunt ut Hannibalem ex Ttaliā ad tuendam patriam revocārent. 2Frendēns gemēnsque āc vix lacrimīs temperāns is dīcitur lēgātōrum verba audīsse mandātīsque pāruisset. Respēxit saepe taliae lītora, sēmet accūsāns quod nōn vīctōrem exercitum sta- tim ab Cannēnsī pūgnā Rōmam dūxisset.

I1. calamitātēs. 3. abstinēns, parcēns. 2. gnashing his teeth and 4. to have obeyed, with the groaning. dative.

78. Hannibal et Scīpiō ad conloquium conveniunt, sed pāce nōn factā pūgnātum est et Hannibal vīctus fūgit.

Zamam vēnerat Hannibal, quae urbs quīnque diērum

t4

9]

iter ā Carthāgine abest, et nūntium ad Scīpiōnem mīsit 20 IO

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8O VIRI ROMAE.

ut conloquendī sēcum potestātem faceret. Scīpiō cum conloquium haud abnuisset!, diēs locusque cōnstituitur. Itaque congressī sunt duo clārissimī suae aetātisē ducēs. Stetērunt taliquam diū tacitī mūtuāque admīrātiōne dēfīxī. Cum vērō de condiciōnibus pācis jnter eōs nōn convēnis- set, ad suōs 5sē recēpērunt renūntiantēs’ armīs dēcernen- dumē esse. Commissō deinde proeliō, Hannibal vīctus cum quattuor equitibus fūgit. 2Cēterum cōnstat utrum- que dē alterō cōnfessum esse “nec melius īnstruī aciem nec ācrius potuisse pūgnārī.

1. rēiēcisset, recāsāvisset. 8. dēcīdendum, dēpāgnandum.

2. convēnērunt. 9. Par. sed fīērma opīniō om-

3. temporis, saeculī. nium est.

4. for some time. 10. that the battleline could

5. nōn cōnsēnsissent. not have been better arranged

6. revertērunt, rediērunt. nor the battle more bravely fought.

7. referentēs, dēclārantes.

8. Scīpiō vīctīs Carthāginiēnsibus lēgēs imposuit et Rōmam revertit ubi Āfricānus ab grātulantibus cīvibus appenātus est.

Carthāginiēnsēs metū perculsī ad petendam pācem ōrātōrēs mittunt, trīgintā cīvitātis prīncipēs. Quī ubi in castra Rōmāna vēnērunt, veniamē cīvitātī petēbant, nōn culpam pūrgantēst sed initium culpae in Hannibalem trānsferentēs. Vīctīs lēgēs imposuit Scīpiō. Lēgātī, cum nūllās condiciōnēs recūsārentō, Rōmam profectī sunt, ut,

20 quae ā Scīpiōne pacta essentē, ea patrum āc populī auctō-

1. impulsī, permōtī. 4. excāsantēs.
2. lēgātōs. 5. rēicerent.
3. remissiōnem. 6. cōnstitāta essent. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 8l1

ritāte cōnfīrmārentur. Ita pāce terrā marīque partā Sci- piō exercitū in nāvēs impositō Rōmam revertit. Ad quem advenientem concursus ingēnsī factus est: effūsa nōn ex urbibus modo, sed etiam ex agrīs multitūdō viam obsidēbat83. Scīpiō inter grātulantium plausūs triumphō omnium clārissimō turbem est invectus prīmusque nō- mine vīctae ā sē gentis est nōbilitātus Āfricānusque appellātus.

1. factā. S. prīmusque ... nōvilitātus,

2. immēnsus. and he was the first to be made

3. occupābat. famous.

4. Par. in urbem ductus est.

5. Opīniō populī dē Scīpiōne quae cōnfīrmāta dictīs ēius factīsque est.

Ex hīs rēbus gestīs1 virum eum esse virtūtis dīvīnae volgō2 crēditum est. 2Id etiam dīcere haud piget quod scrīptōres dē eō litterīs mandāvērunt4, Scīpiōnem cōnsuē- visse5, ēpriusquam dīlūcēsceret, in Capitōlium ventitāre’ āc iubēre aperīrī cellam Iovis atque ibi sōlum diū dēmo- rārī5, quasi cōnsultantem dē rē pūblicā cum Iove: aedi- tuōsqueē ēius templī saepe esse mīrātōs, quod eum id temporis in Capitōlium ingredientem canēs, semper in aliōs saevientēsū, nōn lātrārent. 18Hās volgī dē Sci-

I. tractīs, āctīs. 9. custōaēs. 2. Adv. = ab omnibus. 10. eō tempore. 3. I am not reluctant to tell 11. furentēs.

this too. i 12. barā. 4. trādidērunt. 13. Or. dicta factaquē ēius S. cōnsuētādinem habuisse. plēraque admīēranda vidēbantur 6. ante lācem. cōnfīrmāre atque approbāre hās 7. frequenter venīre. opīniōnēs volgī dē Scīpiōne.

S. manēre.

IŌ IO

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82 VIRI ROMAE.

piōne opīniōnēs cōnfīrmāre atque approbāre vidēbantur dicta factaque ēius plēraque admīranda, ex quibus est ūnum hūiuscemodī: assidēbat2 oppūgnābatque oppi- dum in Hispāniā, sitū moenibusque āc dēfēnsōribus validum et mūnītum, rē etiam cibāriā8 cōpiōsum, neque ūlla ēius potiendī spēs erat. Quōdam diē iūs5 in ca- strīs sedēns dīcēbat Scīpiō atque ex eō locō id oppidum procul vidēbātur. Tum ē mīlitibus quī in iūre apud eum stābant, interrogāvit quispiam8 ex mōre in quem diem locumque vadēs sistī iubēret. Et Scīpiō manum ad ipsam oppidī quod obsidēbātur arcem prōtendēns, “Perendiēē;” inquit, “sēsē sistant illō in locō” atque ita factumō. Diē tertiā in quam vadēs sistī iusserat, oppidum captum est. Eōdem diē in arce ēius oppidī

iūs dīxit. I1. as follows. 6. quīdam, subject of inter- 2. obsidēbat. rogdvit, connect with ē mīlitibus. 3. frāmentāriā. 7. he ordered the securities to 4. capiendī. appear. 5. Object of dīācēbat, tr. was S. diē tertiā.

Pronouncing judgment. 9. sc. est.

81. Hannibal vīctus ad Antiochum Syriae rēgem cōnfū- gīt ubi cum Scīpiōne conlocūtus est.

Hannibal ā Scīpiōne vīctus suīsque invīsus ad Antio- chum Syriae rēgem cōnfūgit eumque hostem Rōmānīs fēcit. Missī sunt Rōmā lēgātī ad Antiochum, in quibus erat Scīpiō Āfricānus; quī, cum Hannibale Ephesī con- locūtus, ab eō quaesīvit quem fuisse māximum imperā- tōrem crēderet. Respondit Hannibal Alexandrum Mace-

1. odiōsus. 2. Locative. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANVUS. 83

donum rēgem māximum sibi vidērī, quod parvā manū innumerābilēs exercitūs fūdisset. Quaerentī deinde quem secundum pōneret, “Pyrrhum,” inquit, “quod prīmus 2castra mētārī docuit nēmōque illō ēlegantius loca cēpit et praesidia disposuit.” Scīscitantī dēnique quem tertium dūcerett, sēmet ipsum dīxit. Tum rīdēns Scīpiō, sQuidnam tū dīcerēs,” inquit, “sī mē vīcissēs?” Tūm mēc vērō,” respondit Hannibal, “et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnēs aliōs imperātōrēs posuis- sem.” Ita imprōvīsō adsentātiōnisī genere Scīpiōnem ē grege imperātōrum velut inaestimābilem sēcernēbatē.

1. dīspersisset. s. What in the world would

2. līmitēs castrōrum statuere. you have said?

3. quaerentī. 6. Obj. of posuissem.

4. putāret, habēret. 7. slattery.

S8. sēparābat, dīāvidēbat.

82. Scīpiō imperātor, nōn bellātor.1

Scīpiō ipse fertur quondam dīxisse, cum eum quīdam parum pūgnācem dīcerent, “Imperātōrem mē māter, nōn bellātōrem peperit3”. īdem dīcere solitus est, nōn sōlum dandam esse viam fugientibus, sed etiam mūniendam*4.

1. aptus bellō. 3. creāvit, genuit.

2. ditur. 4. faciendam.

3. Scīpiō, lēgātus Lūcī frātris, in Asiam profectus est. Dēcrētō adversus Antiochum bellō cum Syria prōvincia obvēnisset' Lūciō Scīpiōnī, 2quia parum in eō putābātur

4. had fallen to the lot.

5. Or. quia parum animē putābātur in eō esse. IO

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84 VIRI ROMAE.

esse animī, parum rōboris, senātus gerendī hūius hellī cūram mandārī volēbat conlēgae ēius C. Laeliō. Surgēns tunc Scīpiō Āfricānus, frāter māior Lūcī Scīpiōnis, illam familiae īgnōminiam dēprecātus est: dīxit in frātre suō summam esse virtūtem, summum cōnsiliumē, sēque eī lēgātum fore prōmīsit. Quod cum ab eō esset dictum, nihil est dē Lūcī Scīpiōnis prōvinciā commūtātum: itaque frāter nātū māior minōrī lēgātus in Asiam profectus est et tam diū eum cōnsiliō operāque adiūvit dōnec trium

phum ille et cōgnōmen Asiāticī peperisset5.

1. darā. 3. prādentiam.
2. sc. nāti. . 4. auxilium dedit.

S. comparāvisset.

84. Antiochus fīlium Pūblī Scīpiōnis cēpit sed incolumem eum remīsit.

Eōdem bellō fīlius Scīpiōnis Āfricānī captus est et ad Antiochum dēductus. Benīgnē et līberāliter adulēscen- tem rēx habuit, quamquam ab ēius patre 2tum māximē fīnibus imperī pellēbātur. Cum deinde pācem Antiochus ā Rōmānīs peteret, lēgātus ēius Pūblium Scīpiōnem adiit eīque fīlium sine pretiō redditūrum rēgem dīxit, sī per eum pācem impetrāsset2. Cui Scīpiō respondit, “Abī, nūntiā rēgī, mē prō tantō mūneret 5grātiās agere; sed nunc aliam grātiamē nōn possum referre quam ut eī suādeam’ ut bellō absistat et pācis condiciōnem nūllam recūset.” Pāx nōn convēnit; tamen Antiochus Scīpiōnī fīlium

I. tractāvit. 5. See idioms. 2. just at that time. 6. grātiam referre. See idi- 3. obtinuisset. oms.

4. dōnō. 7. horter, moneam. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 85

remīsit tantīque virī māiestātem venerārī quam dolōrem suum ulcīscī māluit

I. colere. 2. wished rather.

85. vVīctō Antiochō Scīpiō, indīgnātus quod dē praedā quaeritur et sua innocentia in dubium vocātur, rati- ōnum?1 librum dīripuit et senātum adlocūtus est.

Vīctō Antiochō cum praedae ratiō ā L. Scīpiōne repō- scerētur?, Āfricānus prōlātum ab eō librum, 3quō acceptae et expēnsae summae continēbantur et refellīt inimīcōrum accūsātiō poterat, discerpsit, indīgnātus dē eā rē dubitārīq quae sub ipsō lēgātō administrāta esset. Quīn etiam hunc in modum verba fēcit: ““Nōn est quod quaerātis, patrēs cōnscrīptī, num parvam pecūniam in aerārium rettulerim, quī anteā illud Pūnicō aurō replēverim, neque mea innocentia potest in dubium vocārī. Cum āfricam tōtam potestātī vestrae subiēcerim, nihil ex eā praeter cōgnōmen rettulī. Nōn igitur mē Pūnicaeē, nōn frātrem meum Asiāticae gazaeē avārum reddidērunt; sed uterque nostrūm invidiā quam pecūniā est locuplētior“.” Tam cōnstantem! dēfēnsiōnem Scīpiōnis ūniversus senātus

comprobāuvit. I. of accounts. 6. ita dīxit. 2. repeterētur. 7. You have no reason to asā. 3. in which the sums received S. sc. gazae avārum reddiaē- and expended were entered and runt. by which ... 9. dīāvitiae. 4. refūtārī. 10. dāvitior.

5. Used impersonally. 11. firmam.

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86 VIRI ROMAE.

86. Deinde tribūnī plēbis fraude Scīpiōnem accūsāvērunt, sed ille causam nōn dīxit et ab urbe in Līternīnum concessit.

Deinde Scīpiōnī Āfricānō duo tribūnī plēbis diem dīxērunt, quod praedā ex Antiochō captā aerārium frau- dāsset. Ubi causae dīcendae2 diēs vēnit, Scīpiō māgnā hominum frequentiā in Forum est dēductus. Iūssus cau- sam dīcere rōstra cōnscendit et corōnā triumphālī capitī suō impositā, “Hōc ego diē,” inquit, “Hannibalem Poe- num, imperiō nostrō inimīcissimum, māgnō proeliō vīcī in terrā Āfricā pācemque nōbīs et vīctōriam peperīī īnspē- rābilem. Nē igitur sīmus adversus deōs ingrātī, sed “cēn- seō relinquāmus nebulōnēs hōs eāmusque nunc prōtinus in Capitōlium Iovī optimō māximō supplicātumē” K. rōstrīs in Capitōlium ascendit; simul sē ūniversa cōn- tiō ab accūsātōribus āvertit et secūta Scīpiōnem est, nec quisquam praeter ēpraecōnem quī reum citābat, cum tri- būnīs remānsit. Celebrātior is diēs favōre hominum fuit 8quam quō triumphāns dē Syphāce rēge et Carthāginiēn- sibus urbem est ingressus. Inde, nē amplius tribūniciīs iniūriīs vēxārētur, in Līternīnum concessit, ubi reliquam ēgit aetātem sine urbis dēsīderiō.

1. diem cēōnstituērunt, i.e. for 6. eōdem tempore.

the trial. 7. conventus. 2. dēfendendae. 8. the herald who summoned 3. comparāvī8. the accused. 4. Par. moneō ut hēs fallācēs 9. than the one on which. hominēs relinquāmus. 10. fempus vītae.

5. Supine expressing purpose. 11. longing. PUBLIUS CORNELIUS SCIPIO AFRICANUS. 87

6. Complūrēs praedōnum ducēs convenērunt ut Scīpi- ōnem vidērent. Mortuus est Scīpiō.

Cum in Līternīnā vīllā sē continēret, complūrēs prae- dōnum ducēs ad eum videndum forte cōnflūxērunt. Quōs cum ad vim? faciendam venīre exīstimāsset, praesidiumē servōrum in tēctōt conlocāvit aliaque parābat quae ad eōs repellendōs opus5 erant. Quod ubi praedōnēs ani- madvertērunt, abiectīs armīs iānuae appropinquant et clārā vōce nūntiant Scīpiōnī sēō nōn vītae ēius hostēs, sed virtūtis admīrātōrēs vēnisse, cōnspectum tantī virī, quasi caeleste aliquod beneficium, expetentēsī; ēproinde nē gravārētur sē spectandum praebēre. Haec postquam audīvit Scīpiō “forēs reserārī eōsque intrōdūcī iussit. Illī postēs iānuae tanquam religiōsissimam āram vene- rātī, cupidē Scīpiōnis dextram apprehendērunt āc diū deōsculātī sunt“; deinde positīs ante vestibulum dōnīs, laetī quod sibi Scīpiōnem ut vidērent contigisset, domum revertērunt. Paulō post mortuus est Scīpiō moriēnsque ab uxōre petiit nē corpus suum Rōmam

referrētur. I. aetātem ageret, vīveret. sē exhibēre or sē ad spectāculum 2. iniāriam. - dare. 3. custōdēs. 9. iānuās aperīrī. 4. domō. 10. cēpērunt. S. necessāria. 11. Zāissed. 6. Subject of vēnisse. 12. Or. quod sibi contigisset 7. cupientēs. ut Scīpiōnem vidērent. 8. Par. itaque nē molestē ferret 13. ēvēnisset.

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III. MARCUS PORCIUS CAT?. 234-149 B.C.

Cato is one of the bestknown and most striking figures of Roman history, being famous as a soldier, as a civil magistrate, and as a writer. In every respect he was a typical Roman of the old days. As a soldier he won renoun in the Second Punic War. His hostility to Carthage was unrelenting and has become proverbial. He distinguished himself in civil affairs, especially by his censorship. He stood for all that was simple, frugal, and virtuous against the growing luxury and corruption of the time, and administered his office so rigorously that the name of Censor has clung to him to this day. Cato wrote on history and agriculture, and is among the earliest writers of Latin prose.

88. Adulēscentia Catōnis et sua frūgālitās temperantiaque.

Mārcus Porcius Catō, ortus! mūnicipiō Tusculō, adu- lēscentulus, priusquam honōribus soperam daret, rūrī in praediīst paternīs versātus estō, deinde Rōmam dēmigrā- vit et in Forō esse coepit. ’Prīmum stīpendium meruit annōrum decem septemque, Quīntō Fabiō, M. Claudiō cōnsulibus. Castra secūtus est C. Claudī Nerōnis ēius- que opera māgnī aestimāta in proeliō apud Sēnam, quō cecidit Hasdrubal, frāter Hannibalis. Ab adulēscentiā frūgālitātem temperantiamque coluit. PPellibus haedīnīs prō strāgulīs ūtēbātur, eōdem cibō quō mīlitēs vēscēbātur;

1. nātus. 7. annōrum, etc., is gen. of
2. oppidō. description modifying the under-
3. cārāret, attenderet. See stood subject of meruit.

idioms. S. gen. of value, cf. Introduc- 4. agrīs. nomī5, 835 24. S. mānsit, fuit. 9. He used kid skins for cover-

6. He served his first cam- ings. paign in his seventeenth year. MARCUS PORCIUS CATV. 89

cum in castrīs erat, aquam, sī 'nimiō aestū torquērētur, acētum?, sī vīrēs dēficerent, paululum vīnī sūmēbat”.

1. Par. māximō calōre vexārētur. 2. vinegar. 3. capiēbat, bibētat.

2. Catō quaestor Scīpiōnī āfricānō quī lūxuriae aman- tissimus fuit, cum eō inimīcē vīxit et Rōmae renūntiāvit rēs male apud exercitum Scīpiōnis sē habēre, quod crī- men Scīpiō facile refūtāvit.

Quaestor Scīpiōnī Āfricānō obtigit et cum eō parum amīcē vīxit; nam parsimōniae amāns, sūmptūs2 quōs Scīpiō faciēbat haud probābat. Quā rē eō relictō Rō- mam rediit ibique Scīpiōnis vītam palamē et acerbē repre- hendit, quasit eō duce solverēturō3 disciplīna miīlitāris. Dictitābatē illum īcum palliō et crepidīs solitum ambulāre in Gymnasiō, libellīsē eum palaestraeque operam dare, mīlitum licentiae indulgēre. Quod crīmen nōn verbō, sed factō dīluitō Scīpiō. Nam cum eā dē rē lēgātī Rōmā Syrācūsās missī essent, Scīpiō exercitum omnem eōv con- venīre et classem expedīrī4 iussit, tamquam dīmicandum eō diē terrā marīque cum Carthāginiēnsibus esset; postrī- diē lēgātīs īnspectantibus pūgnae simulācrum ēdidit. Tum eīs armāmentāria, horrea4, omnemque bellī apparā- tum ostendit. Reversī Rōmam lēgātī omnia apud exer- citum Scīpiōnis praeclārēi5 sē habēre renūntiārunt.

1. fell! to the lot of- S8. parvās librīs.

2. expenditures. 9. pārgāvit, refellit.

3. apertē, nōn occultē. 10. in eum locum.

4. on the ground that. 11. parārāī.

5. laxārētur. 12. pāgnandum.

6. Intensive of dīō. 13. imāginem.

7. in a pallium (a Grecian 14. granaries.

mantle) and Grecian shoes. 15. ēgregiē, optimē, see idioms.

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90. Asperitās Catōnis in lūxum mātrōnārum.

Eādem asperitāte Catō mātrōnārum lūxum īnsectātus est. Namque in mediō ārdōre bellī Pūnicī Oppius, tribūnus plēbis, lēgem tulerat2 quā mulierēs3 Rōmānae plūs sēmūnciam* aurī habēre, vestīmentō versicolōrī ūtī,

iūnctō vehiculō in urbe vehī vetābantur. Cōnfectō

autem bellō et flōrente rē pūblicā, mātrōnae ut prīstinus’ ōrnātus sibi redderētur postulābant; omnēs viās urbis obsidēbant virōsque ad Forum dēscendentēs ōrābant ut lēgem Oppiam abrogārent. Quibus ācerrimā ōrātiōne restitit Catō, sed frūstrā, nam lēx est abrogāta.

I1. persecīātus est. 4. a halfounce. 2. prēōposuerat. S. sc. equis. 3. Subject of vetābantur. 6. finītō.

7. antīquus.

8. Catō cōnsul in Hispāniam profectus est. vVīctor Rōmam reversus dē Hispāniā triumphāvit.

Catō, creātus cōnsul, in Hispāniam adversus Celtibērōs profectus eōs ācrī proeliō vīctōs ad dēditiōnem compulit. Eō in bellō cum ūltimīs1 mīlitum parsimōniā, vigiliīs, labōre certābat nec in quemquam gravius sevēriusque imperium exercēbat quam in 5sēmet ipsum. Cum Hispā- nōs ad dēfectiōnem prōnōst vīdisset, ēcavendum iūdicāvit nē possent rebellāre. Id autem effectūrus sibi vidēbātur, sī eōrum mūrōs dīruissetēX. Sed veritus nē, sī id ūniversīs

1. lowest, humbōdlest. 4. inclīnātōs, prēōelivēs.

2. cum āltimīs certābat =i;lti- S. Par. putāvit prēōspiciendum mēōs superāre cōnābātur. esse.

3. Emphatic form of sē. 6. ēvertisset. MARCUS PORCIUS CATV. 21

cīvitātibus imperāsset commūnī ēdictō, nōn obtemperā- rentī, scrīpsit singulīs ut dīruerent mūnīmenta2, minātus5 bellum nisi cōnfēstimt obtemperāssent, epistulāsque ūni- versīs cīvitātibus eōdem diē reddī iussit. Cum ūna quaequeē sibiē sōlī imperārī putāret, ūniversae pāruērunt. Catō Rōmam reversus dē Hispāniā triumphāvit.

1. pēārērent, dictō audīrent. 5. sc. cāitās.

2. moenia. 6. dat. after imperārī used

3. threatening. impersonally.

4. mox, statim, sine morā.

5. Disciplīnae mīlitāris exemplum.

Disciplīnam miīlitārem summā servābat sevēritāte. Ab hostīlī quondam lītore, in quō per aliquot diēs mānserat, cum ter datō profectiōnis sīgnō classem solvisset et Srelictus ē mīlitibus quīdam ā terrā vōce et gestū texpo- stulāret utī tollerētur, circumāctā ad lītus ūniversā classe, comprehēnsum suppliciō adficī iussit et quem ēcccīsūrī ēper īgnōminiam hostēs fuerant, exemplō potius impendit’.

1. nāvēs. versā classe ad l!ītus circumāctā,

2. loosed, cf. 30, n. 4. eum comprehendī et suppliciō ad-

3. Or. quādam ē mālitiēus re- fī iussit. lictus. S. occēsārī ... fuerant =

4. Par. and or. vehementer uould have hilled. postulāret ut auferretur, āni- 6. īgnōminiōsē.

5. he used.

6. Cēnsor deinde factus Catō plūrimōs nōbilēs sevērē pūnīvit inter quōs Lūcius Flāminīnus, vir cōnsulāris, fuit. Cēnsor deinde factus sevērē eī praefuit potestātī. Nam

cumī in complūrēs nōbilēs animadvertit tum imprīmīs2

1. nōn sōlum .. . sed etiam. 2. praesertim, māxiniē.

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Lūcium Flāminīnum, virum cōnsulārem, senātū mōvit. Cui inter cētera facinora illud obiēcit. Cum esset in Galliā Flāminīnus, mulierem fāmōsam2 ad cēnam vocāvitē eīque forte inter cēnandum4 dīxit multōs 5capitis damnā- tōs in vinculīs esse quōs secūrī percussūrus essetī. Tum illa negāvit sē umquam vīdisse quemquam secūrī ferien- tem et pervelleē id vidēre. Statim Flāminīnus ūnum ex illīs miserīs addūcī iussit et ipse secūrī percussitī&. Quid atrōcius quam inter pōcula et epulās ad spectāculumī mulieris hūmānam vīctimam mactāre? et mēnsam cruōre respergere? Eō magis autem. illum pūniendum putāvit Catō, quod amplissimī honōris māiestātem tam taetrō facinore inquināverat

I1. scelera. S. valdē velle.

2. īnfāmem, malam. 9. sc. eum.

3. invītāvit. Io. cups.

4. epulandum. 11. entertainment.

S. ad mortem condemnātos. 12. occīdere, interficere. 6. axe. 13. foedō, turgī, horridō. 7. caesārus esset. 14. polluerat.

94. Catō patrēs addūxit ut bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indīcerent.

Cum in senātū dē tertiō Pūnicō bellō agerētur, Catō iam senex dēlendam2 Carthāginem cēnsuit negāvitque eā stante salvam esse posse rem pūblicam. Quodē cum, contrādīcente Scīpiōne Nāsīcā, nōn facile patribus per- suādēret, posteā, quidquid in senātū cōnsultābātur, Catō adiciēbat4, “Ego cēnseō Carthāginem esse dēlendam.”

1. aēlīberārētur. 3. Direct obj. of persuādēret.
2. sc. esse. 4. addēbat. MARCUS PORCIUS CATV. 93

Tandem attulit quōdam diē in cūriam !praecocem fīcum ostendēnsque patribus, “Interrogō vōs,” inquit, “quandō hanc fīcum dēmptam?2 putētis ex arbore?”” Cum omnēs recentem esse dīcerent, “SAtquī tertium,” inquit, “ante diem scītōte dēcerptam esse Carthāgine; tam prope ā mūrīs habēmus hostem.” Mōrvit ea rēs patrum animōs et bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.

I. an early fig. 3. “But yet,” said he, “be 2. dētractam, dēcerptam, sc. assured that it was picked day esse. before yesterday at Carthage.”

95. Catō fuit optimus pater et ipse in omnibus rēbus fīlium īnstituit.

Fuit Catō ut senātor ēgregius ita bonus pater. Cum eī nātus esset fīlius, nūllīs negōtiīs nisi pūblicīs impediē- bātur quō minus matrī adesset īnfantem abluentī et fasciīs3 involventī. Ubi aliquid intellegere potuit puer, eum pater ipse in litterīs īnstituit4, etsī idōneumō et ēru- dītum domī servum habēbat. Nōlēbat enim servum fīliō maledīcere vel aurem vellicāreō, sī tardior in discendō esset; nequeī fiīlium tantī beneficī, id est doctrīnae, dēbi-

tōrem esse servō. Itaque ipse ēius lūdīē magister, ipse

lēgum doctor, ipse lanistaō fuit. Cōnscrīpsit manū suā

grandibus litterīs historiās, ut etiam in paternā domō 20

I1. Tr. freely from being pres- 4. ērudīēvit, docuit, ēducāvit. ent when the mother, etc.; but S. aptum. what literally? 6. to pull.

2. cf. ablution. 7. et nōn volēbat.

3. swaddling-lothes. S. scholae.

4. athletic trainer. 94 VIRI ROMAE.

ante oculōs prōposita habēret veterum2 īnstitūta et exempla.

I. sc. fālius. 2. antījuōrum hominum.

96. Dēlectātiōnēs agricultūrae Catō malēbat quam omnēs aliās rēs.

5 Agricultūrā plūrimum dēlectābātur Catō mālēbatque agrōrum et pecorum frūctū quam faenore dītēscere. Ā quō cum quaererētur quid māximē in rē familiārī expe- dīret, respondit, “Bene pāscere.” Quid secundumēō? “Satis bene pāscere.” Quid tertium3? “Male pāscere.”

10 Quid quartum3? “Arāre5.” Et cum ille, quī quaesierat, dīxisset, “Quid faenerārīē?” tum Catō “.Quidōj” inquit, “hominem occīdere?”

1. māximē. 4. Par. bonōs gregēs et pecora

2. to become rich by usury. alere or nātrīre.

3. was profitable. 5. sc. expedīret.

4. to till the soil.

5. Dē mōribus Catōnis.

Scrīpsit ipse vīllās suās nē tēctōriō quidem esse prae-

15 litās atque addidit, “Neque mihi aedificātiō3 neque vās* neque vestīmentem ūllum est pretiōsum; sī quid est quō ūtī possim, ūtor; sī nōn est, facile careōē. eMihi vitiō quīdam vertunt quod multīs egeō; at ego illīs vitiō tri- buō quod nequeuntī egēre.” Ipse scrīptum relīquit sē

i1. plaster. 5. abstineō. 2. covered. 6. Par. Quīdam mihi culpae 3. aedificium. attribuunt quod multīs rēbus careō.

4. utensil, dish. 7. nōn possunt. MARCUS PORCIUS CATO. 95

numquam vestem induisse quae māiōris pretī quam cen- tum dēnāriōrum esset; cum cōnsulātum gereret, idem vīnum bibisse quod opificēs, et obsōniumō ad cēnam ē Forō comparāsse trīginta sēstertiīs’ idque reī pūblicae causā fēcisse. Undeē Seneca ait, “9Mārcum Catōnem tam reī pūblicae Rōmānae prōfuit nāscī quam Scīpiōnem; alter enim cum hostibus nostrīs bellum, alter cum mōri- bus gessit.”

I1. Par. suō corporī circumde- 6. ēmisse. Ant. vēndidisse. disse. 7. A sestertius is 4.1 cents. 2. A denarius is about 18 8. quam ob rem. cents. 9. Or. tam prēfuit reī pābli- 3. Par. cum cōnsul esset. cae Rōmānae Mārcum Catōnem 4. as the laboring men. nāscī quam Scīāpiōnem (nāscī). S. cibum. tam ... quam, as much -.. as.

98. Patientia Catōnis ergā inimīcōs.

Iniūriārum patientissimus fuit Catō. Cui cum ‘cau- sam agentī in frontem mediam īnspuisset2 Lentulus qui- dam, abstersitē faciem et, “Adfīrmābō,” inquit, “omnibus, Lentule, fallī eōs quī tē negant 5ōs habēre.” Ab aliō homine improbō contumēliīs prōscissusē, “Inīquaī,” in- quit, “tēcum mihi est pūgna; tū enim probraō facile audīs et dīcis libenter: mihi vērō et dīcere ingrātum et audīre īnsolitum5.” Dfīcere solēbat acerbōs inimīcōs

1. arguing a case. See idioms. mouth, in a derived sense as

2. spit into. here, to be impudent.

3. wiped off 6. adfectus, lacerātus.

4. dēcipī, in errēōre esse. 7. inaequālis, impēār.

5. Used in a double sense; S. maledicta, contumēliās.

literally it means ‘fto have a 9. ināsitātum, praeter cōnsuētādinem.

35 96 VIRI ROMAE.

melius dē nōbīs merērī quam eōs amīcōs quī dulcēs vidē- rentur; illōs enim saepe vērum dīcere, hōs numquam.

1. illēs ... hōs, the former ... the latter.

2. Catō acūtē hominī cuidam superstitiōsō respondet.

Homō quīdam superstitiōsus repperit! quondam cali-

5 gās suās ā sōricibus adrōsās. Hōc ostentō turbātus4,

cōnsuluitē Catōnem quid malī portenderētur. Cui ille

“Nōn est,” inquit, “ostentum, quod sōricēs adrōsērunt

caligās; at vērō sī caligae adrōsissent sōricēs, id fuisset ostentum.”

1. discovered. 3. ōmine, prōdigiō.
2. that his boots had been 4. perterritus. gnawed by mice. 5. See idioms.

10 100. Catō ab inimīcīs accūsātus saepe, numquam māgnam virtūtis fāmam āmīsit. Nōn illum ēnervāvit senectūs, seūd paulātim sine sēnsū adiit. Amnōs quīnque et octō- gintā nātus mortuus est.

Catō ab adulēscentiā usque ad extrēmam aetātem ini-

15 mīcitiās reī pūblicae causā suscipere nōn dēstititī. Ipse a multīs accūsātus nōn modo 2nūllum exīstimātiōnis dētrī- mentum fēcit, sed quoadē vīxit virtūtum laude crēvit Quartum et octōgēnsimum annum agēns ab inimīcīs capi- tālī crīmine accūsātus suam ipse causam perōrāvitō, nec 20 quisquam aut memoriam ēius tardiōrem aut laterisō fīrmi-

I. cessāvit. 4. auctus est. 2. suffered no loss in esteem. 5. perēgit. 3. quam diā. 6. of his lungs. MARCUS PORCIUS CAT0. 97

tātem imminūtam aut ōsī haesitātiōne impedītum animad- vertit. Nōn illum ēnervāvit nec adfīxit senectus; eā aetāte aderat amīcīs, veniēbat in senātum frequēns. Graecās etiam litterās senex didicit. Quandō obrēperet? senectūs, vix intellēxit. Sēnsim sine sēnsū ingravēscēbatē aetās; nec subitō frācta est4, sed diūturnitāteōX quasi ex- stincta. Annōs quīnque et octōgintā nātus excessit ē vītā.

1. linguam, sermōnem. 3. gravior fīēat.
2. crept upon (him). 4. abrugta est. S. longitādine temporis.

IV.

LUCIUS AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS. 168 B.C.

Aemilius Paulus was one of the best specimens of the Roman noīility. He would condescend to no mean action to win personal advantage. He was a model soldier and an astute lawyer, and throughout his life won the admira- tion of all classes by the purity and integrity of his character. He was born about 230 B.C.; died 160 B.C. His greatest achievement, which gave him his cognomen, was his victory over Perseus, King of Macedonia, in his second consulship (168 s.C.). His triumph was the most splendid that Rome had yet seen.

101. Paulus cōnsul, profectus in Macedoniam, ōmine adduc- tus est ut in hostem pergeret.

Aemilius Paulus ēius quī ad Cannās cecidit, fīlius erat. Cōnsul factus Macedoniam prōvinciam sortītus estī, in quā Perseus, Philippī fīlius, paternī in Rōmānōs odī

I. sorte obtinuit.

bSi

ō IŌ

45

98 VIRI ROMAE.

hērēs', bellum renovāverat. 2Quī cum eā ipsā diē, quā eī ut bellum cum Perseō gereret obtigeratē, domum tad vesperum redīret, fīliolamē suam Tertiam, quae tum erat admodumē parva, ōsculāns” animadvertit trīsticulamē. “Quid est,” inquit, “mea Tertia? quid trīstis es ?”” “Mī pater,” inquit, “Persa periit.” (Ērat autem mortuus catellusē eō nōmine.) Tum ille artius” puellam com- plexus, “Accipiō ōmen,” inquit, “mea fīlia.” Ita ex fōrtuītō dictō quasi spem certam clārissimī triumphī animō praesūmpsit!. Ingressus deinde Macedoniam rēctā ad hostem perrēxitis.

I. heir. 4. ad occāsum sēlis.

2. Or. Quī cum redīret domum 5. Diminutive of fīliam. ad vesperum eā ipsā diē quā obti- 6. very. gerat eī ut bellum cum Perseō 7. hkissing. gereret, ōsculāns suam fīāliolam S. Diminutive of trīstem. Tertiam, quae tum admodum 9. puppy. pParva erat, animadvertit (eam) 10. strictius. esse trīsticulam. 11. praecēpit.

3. ēvēnerat, acciderat. 12. sc. vid.

4. contendit.

5. Dēfectiōl lūnae ā Sulpiciō Gallō praedicta māximum terrōrem Macedonibus intulit.

Cum duae aciēs in cōnspectū essent, Sulpicius Gallus, tribūnus mīlitum, Rōmānum exercitum māgnō metū lībe- rāvit. Is enim, cum lūnae dēfectiōnem nocte sequentī futūram praescīret, ad cōntiōnem2 vocātīs mīlitibus nē quis id prō portentō acciperet, dīxit, “Nocte proximā Iūna ab hōrā secundā ūsque ad quartam hōram dēfec-

I. eclipse. 2. conventum. LUCIUS AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS. 99

tūra est. Id, quia nātūrālī ōrdine et statīs temporibus fit, let scīrī ante et praedīcī potest. Itaque quem ad modum nēmō mīrātur lūnam nunc plēnō orbe nunc senēscentem’ exiguō4 cornū fulgēreō, 4ita nē obscūrārī quidem, quandō” umbrā terrae conditur, in prōdigium dēbet trahīē” Nocte igitur ēditāē hōrā lūna cum dēfēcisset, Rōmānīs mīli- tibus Gallī sapientia probē dīvīna vidērī; Macedonēsī, ut trīste prōdigium, occāsum rēgnī perniciemque gentis

portendēns, mōvit.

1. can both be known before- hand and predicted.

2. Subiject of fulgēre.

3. dēcrēscentem.

4. parvō.

5. lācēre.

6. Or. ita in prōdigium dēbet trahī nē (lānam) obscārārī qui- dem quandō conditur umbrā ter- rae.

7. cum, ubi.

S. interpretārī.

9. appointed, hērā.

10. Or.

agrees with Rōmānīs mālitibus sapientia Gallī vidērī proōbē dīvīna. vidērī is a historical infinitive = vidēbātur. probē— altogether.

11. Object of mōvit, which has dēfectiō lānae understood for its subject.

Post paucōs diēs Aemilius Paulus Perseum vīcit.

Post vīctōriam cōnsul vehementer sollicitus erat dē fīliō suō quī in castra ex proeliō nōn redierat, sed ille tardius reversus patrem suum māgnā cūrā līberāvit.

Paucīs diēbus post Aemilius Paulus cum Perseō ācer-

rimē dīmicāvit.

que est!; rēx ipse cum paucīs fūgit.

Macedonum exercitus caesus fugātus-

Fugientēs persecū-

tus est Aemilius ūsque ad initium noctis, tum sē in castra

vīctor recēpit.

1. in fugam datus est.
2. Agrees with eum under- stood, object of angēbat.

Reversum’ gravis cūra angēbatē quod

3. sollicitum reddēbat.

IO IŌ

I5

20

100 VIRI ROMAE.

fīlium minōremī in castrīs nōn invēnisset. Pūblius Scī- piō is erat, 2Āfricānus et ipse posteā dēlētā Carthāgine appellātus, quī, decimum septimum tunc annum agēns5, dum ācrius sequitur hostēs, in partem aliam turbā ablātus erat. Sērius cum redīsset, tunc dēmum, receptō sōspite* fīliō, vīctōriae tantae gaudium cōnsul sēnsit.

I. sc. uātā. name Aemilianus also, to mark

2. himself also afterwards him as the son of Aemilius Pau- called Africanus for the destruc- lus.

tion of Carthage. He had the 3. See idioms. 4. salvō, incolumī.

104. Perseus captus ad cōnsulem perductus est, quī eum māximā clēmentiā recēpit.

Vīctus Perseus in templum Samothrācēn cōnfūgerat ibique in angulō obscūrō dēlitīscēns dēprehēnsus et cum fīliō nātū māximō ad cōnsulem perductus est. Nōn aliās8 ad ūllum spectāculum tanta multitūdō occurrit. Pullāt veste amictus5 Perseus ingressus est castra, nūllō suōrum aliō comite quī socius calamitātis miserābiliōrem eum faceret. Prōgredī praeē turbā occurrentium ad spec- tāculum nōn poterat, dōnec cōnsul līctōrēs mīsisset quī submovendō circumfūsōsī iter ad praetōriumē facerent. Cōnsurrēxit cōnsul prōgressusque paulum introeuntī rēgī dextram porrēxitī, Ysubmittentemque sē ad pedēs sustu-

lit:; intrōductum in tabernāculum suō laterī adsidēre I. An island in the Aegean 6. ob, propter, yith acc.

Sea. 7. Par. eōs quī convēnerant. . latēns. S. the generals tent.

2 3. aliō temgpore. 9. extendit.

4. ātrā, nigrā. 10. and sinking doun. S. indātus, circumdatus. II. 82levāvit, sc. eum. CIBRARȳ OF THE UNIVERS I TV

LUCIUS AEMILIU. &xXt rvs āācē ONICUS. 101 3L IForsB

iussit. Deinde eum interrogāvit quā inductus iniūriā bellum contrā populum Rōmānum tam īnfēstō4 animō suscēpisset? Cum rēx interrogātus, terram intuēns, diū tacitus flēretō, cōnsul, “Bonum,” inquit, “animum habē; populī Rēmānī clēmentia nōn modo spem tibi, sed prope certam fīdūciamt salūtis praebetō.”

I. sc. eum. 3. Par. lacrimās effunderet. 2. inimīe. 4. cōnfīdentiam.

5. dat.

6. Paulus circumstantibus Rōmānīs dē mūtātiōne rērum hūmānārum dīcit et monet nē quis praesentī fortūnae crēdat.

Ita postquam Perseum cōnsōlātus est Aemilius Paulus, ad circumstantēs Rōmānōs conversus, “Exemplum īn- sīgne1 cernitis,” inquit, “mūtātiōnis rērum hūmānārum. Vōbīs hōc praecipuē2 dīcō, iuvenēs. Ideō in secundīis’ rēbus nihil in quemquam superbē āc violenter cōnsulere decet nec praesentī crēdere fortūnae, cum, quid vesper ferat, incertum sit. Is dēmumō vir erit cūius animum neque prōspera fortūna nimis5 efferet, neque adversa īnfringetē.” Eō diē et invītātusē ad cōnsulem Perseus et 1balius omnis eī honor habitus est quī habērī in tālī for- tūnā poterat.

1. cōnspicuum. 6. āltrā modum, ant. parum.

2. māximē. 7. The perf. part. ēlātus sug-

3. prēōsperīs. gests what derivative?

4. it is becoming to resolve up- S. valaē franget, minuet, dēbi- on arrogant and violent measures litābit. against no one; lit. it is becoming 9. sc. est. 2 to resolve upon nothing against 10. every other honor uas any one proudly and violently. shown him.

5. quidem, profecīō.

20 102 VIRI ROMAE.

106. Celebrat vīctōriam Paulus māgnīs llūdīs et epulīs.

Post vīctōriam cum ad cōnsulem multārum gentium lēgātī grātulandī causā vēnissent, Aemilius Paulus lūdōs māgnō apparātū fēcit et epulās quoque lēgātīs māgnā

5 opulentiā et cūrā parāvit. Dīcere solēbat et 5convīvium īnstruere et lūdōs parāre virī ēiusdem esse quī vincere bellō scīretō.

1. with games and banquets. 4. Predicate gen. of posses-

2. māgnificentiā. sion after esse.

3. Par. epulās parāre. 5. knows how.

4. Māgnificentissimus triumphus Paulī.

Cōnfectō bellō Aemilius Paulus rēgiā nāve ingentis

10 māgnitūdinis (nam sēdecim ōrdinēs rēmōrum habuisse dīcitur) ad urbem est subvectus. Fuit ēius triumphus omnium longē māgnificentissimus. Populus exstrūctīs2 per Forum tabulātīs3 in modum theātrōrum spectāvitt in candidīsē togīs. Apertaō templa omnia et sertīsī corōnāta

15 tūreō8 fūmābant. In trēs diēs distribūta est pompa“ spec- tāculī. Prīmus diēs vix suffēcit trānsvehendīs sīgnīs tabulīsque; sequentī diē trānslāta sunt arma, galeae, scūta, lōrīcae, pharetrae, argentum aurumque. Tertiō diē prīmā statim lūce dūcere āgmen coepērel tībīcinēs2 20 nōn fēstōs sollemnium pompārum modōs sed bellicum

I. oars. 7. corōnīs flōrum.

2. ēductīs, factīs. S. incense.

3. reviewing-stands. 9. parade.

4. Sc. spectāculum. I10. statues and pictures.

5. Ant. nigrīs. 11. incēpērunt.

6. Ant. clausa. 12. pipers. LUCIUS AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS. 103

sonantēs, quasi in aciem prōcēdendum esset'. 2Deinde agēbantur pīnguēs cornibus aurātīs et vittīst redimītīē bovēs centum vīgintī. Sequēbantur Perseī līberī, comi- tante ēducātōrum et magistrōrum turbā quī manūsē ad spectātōrēs cum lacrimīs miserābiliter tendēbant et pue- rōs docēbant implōrandam suppliciter vīctōris populī misericordiam esse. Pōneē fīliōs incēdēbat cum uxōre Perseus, attonitusē et subitō malō stupēns. Inde qua- dringentae corōnae aureae portābantur, ab omnibus ferē Graeciae cīvitātibus dōnō missae. Postrēmō ipse in currū Paulus aurō purpurāque fulgēns ēminēbat, mā- gnam!2 cum!ē dīgnitāte aliā corporis tum senectā ipsā mā- iestātem “prae sē ferēns. Post currum inter aliōs inlū- strēs virōs fīliī duo Aemilī, deinde equitēs turmātim’ē et cohortēs peditum, suīs quaeque ōrdinibus. Paulō ā senātū et populō Rōmānō concessum est ut “lūdīs circēn- sibus veste triumphālī ūterētur, eīque cōgnōmen Macedo- nicī inditumī.

1. Impersonal. 9. stunned.

2. Or. Deinde centum vīgintī 10. dat. for which. Pīnguēs bovēs agēbantur cornibus 11. appārēbāt, exstābat, cōnspi- aurātīs et vittīs redimītī. . cuus erat. 3: sāex- 12. With mdāiestātem, which

3. fellets. is the object of ferēns. S. corōnātī. 13. cum ... tum = nōn sōum

4. Object of tendēbant. ... sed etiam.

5. Or. docēbant puerōs mise- 14. showing. See idioms. ricordiam vīetōris populī suppli- I15. by squadrons. citer implōrandam esse. 16. at the contests in the Cir- S. post. cus Maximus.

6. datum est. I10

I5

104 VIRI ROMAE.

108. Gravī dolōre Paulus adfectus propter mortem duōrum fīliōrum calamitātem summō animī rōbore sustinuit et dīxit sē laetārī quod hīc prīvātus nōn pūblicus cāsus esset.

Tantae huic laetitiae gravis dolor admixtus est. Nam Aemilius Paulus, duōbus fīliīs in adoptiōnem datīs, duōs tantum' nōminis hērēdēs domī retinuerat. Ex hīs minor, fermē duodecim annōs nātus, quīnque diēbus ante tri- umphum patris, māior autem trīduō post triumphum dēcessit. Itaque quī ad dōnandōs ūsque?2 līberōs abun- dāverat, in orbitāteē8 subitō dēstitūtus est. Eum tamen cāsum summō animī rōbore sustinuit, nec contigit4 Perseō ut trīstem Paulum vidēret. Nam cum mōre māiōrum ōrātiōnem dē rēbus suīs gestīs apud populum habēret, “Cum in summā fēlīcitāte nostrā,” inquit, “timērem nē quid malī fortūna mōlīrēturō, deōs immortālēs precātus sumē ut, sī adversī quid populō Rōmānō imminēretē8 ad

expiandam nimiamē fēlīcitātem, id in meam potius domum

20

quam in rem pūblicam recideretio. 4Quāpropter “bene habet. Adnuendō4 enim vōtīs nostrīs effēcērunt ut vōs potius meum cāsum dolērētis quam ego vestrō ingemīsce- remī. Nēmō iam ex tot līberīs superest quī Aemilī Paulī

1. sāum. S. impendēret, īnstāret, ap-

2. Join with ad above, āsque propinquāret. ad = even to. 9. excessive.

3. prīuvātiōne. I10. caderet.

4. ēvēnit. 11. Quam ob rem bene est.

5. pardādret, cōgitāret. 12. See idioms.

6. implōrāvī. 13. adsentiendō.

7. Partitive gen. after ; 14. sc. cāsā;, abl. of cause.

8. dēplōrārem, lāmentārer. LUCIUS AEMILIUS PAULUS MACEDONICUS. I05

nōmen ferat. Duōs enim in adoptiōnem datōs Cornēlia et Fabia gēns habent; Paulī in domō praeter senem nēmō superest. Sed hanc prīvātam calamitātem vestra fēlīcitās et secunda2 fortūna pūblica cōnsōlātur.”

I. except. 2. prēōspera.

109. Paulus omnēs Macedonum dīvitiās in aerārium populī Rōmānī intulit et pauper dēcessit. Fūnus ēius omnium benevolentiā īnsīgne fuit.

Aemilius Paulus omnī Macedonum gazā quae fuit mā- xima, potītus, tantam in aerārium populī Rōmānī pecūniam invēxit ut ūnīus imperātōris praeda fīnem adferretī tribū- tōrum. At hīc nihil domum suam praeter sempiternam* nōminis memoriam dētulit. Mortuus est adeō pauper tut dōs ēius uxōrī, nisi vēnditō, quem ūnum relīquerat, fundō, nōn posset exsolvīē. īExsequiae ēius nōn tam aurō et ebore cēterōque apparātū, quam omnium benevolentiā et studiō fuērunt īnsīgnēs. Macedoniae prīncipēs, quī tunc Rōmae erant lēgātī, ‘umerōs suōs fūnebrī lectō sponte suā subiēcērunt. Quem enim in bellō ob virtūtem timu- erant, eundem in pāce ob iūstitiam dīligēbantī.

I. This verb equals in posses- 6. be paid. siōne haōbēre, and is followed by 7. pompa fūneris, join exse- the abl. quiae with fuērunt īnsīāgnēs.

2. faceret. 8. amōre, favōre.

3. aeternam. 9. bore the funeral bier on

4. Or. ut dōs ēius uxōrī nōn their shoulders at their own re- posset exsolvī nisi vēnditō fundē quaest. quem ūānum relāxjuerat. 10. amābant.

5. vēnditō fundō=by selling the farm.

I=i

ē SELECTIONS FROM AULUS GELLIUS.

I. LIFE OF AULUS GELLIUS.

All the information that we have about Gellius is contained in his well-known work, Noctes Atticae. In this he now and then makes incidental reference to himself and his activities, but nowhere gives any express or detailed account of his life. The date of his birth and of his death are equally uncertain, but we know from his references to his contemporaries that he must have lived from about 120 to 180 A.D. He was probably a Roman and of good family, and his education in grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy was of the very best. Among his teachers may be mentioned Sulpicius Apollinaris, the grammarian, a famous Carthaginian, who inspired him with a lasting interest in his art; Titus Castricius, the foremost rhetorician of his time; and Favorinus, the philosopher, once the favorite of the Emperor Hadrian, and distinguished for his learning and elo- quence. Gellius was a lawyer by profession, but found time for much reading and study. Probably at the suggestion of Favorinus, he made a journey to Greece and traveled extensively in that coun- try, remaining for a considerable time at Athens. It was there, in a country house near the city, during the long nights of winter, that he prepared his book. This suggested its title Noctes Atticae. No subsequent events of his life are known to us.

II. NOCTES ATTICAE.

Gellius tells us in his preface that it was his habit when reading to make notes and extracts from the volume before him, and that these make up his book. It is, therefore, a note-book, containing the concentrated results of years of study. Of the twenty books of his work, all have come down to us excepting the eighth. There is

no attempt made to classify the contents, but it is a miscellaneous ‘SNāHLV H40 S1ūOŌdOouōv 2H.L

5 n ā; 7 4 2d sus su! 41 2545 Hesas 45 W WeH 4 u 4 4m wn4s 5444. a2cmēsini“4 v 7 mt4 5 144 nmu5īss Meai 4

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2n

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2

NOCTES ATTICAE. 107

collection of quotations, discussions, and dissertations on a great variety of subjects, mainly grammar, philosophy, history, and biog- raphy.

Noctes Atticae has a fourfold value:

a. As a story book. Gellius says that one object of his book was to entertain his children. It is therefore written in a popular vein, and contains but little that is abstruse or technical.

ō5. As a source of information. Gellius gives much interesting information on a great variety of subjects which, but for him, would never have been so clearly understood.

c. As giving quotations from authors no longer extant. It is in this respect that MNoctes Atticae is peculiarly valuable.

d. As a biographer of prominent writers. In this field Gellius has done much, ex., nearly all we know about Plautus is from this source.

The style of Moctes Atticae is good in general, but it is marred by an affectation towards out-of-the-way and obsolete words and phrases. Gellius here is simply following the literary fashion of his day. It is this same love of the archaic that causes him to ignore the Roman writers that lived nearest to his own time. He scarcely mentions the writers of the Augustan age, but speaks in the highest terms of Plautus, Ennius, Cato, and other early writers, and quotes from them constantly. IO

108 AUCLUS GELLIUES.

I, 14.

110. Quid dīxerit fēceritque C. Fabriciusi, māgnā vir glōriā māgnīsque rēbus gestīs, sed familiae2 pecūniaeque inops, cum eī Samnītēs3 tamquam1 indigentī ēgrave aurum dō- nārent. -

Iūlius Hygīnusō in librō Dē Vītā Rēbusque Inlūstrium Virōrum sextō lēgātōs dīcit ā Samnītibus ad C. Fabricium, imperātōrem populī Rōmānī; vēnisse et memorātīsī multīs māgnīsque rēbus, quae bene āc benevolē, post redditam pācem Samnitibus, fēcisset, obtulisse dōnō grandem pe- cūniam ōrāsseque utī acciperet ūterēturque, atque id facere Samnītēs dīxisse, quod vidērent multa ad splendō- rem domūs atque vīctūsē8 dēfierī neque prō' amplitūdine dīgnitāteque lautumu parātum!” esse. Tum Fabricium 18plānās manūs. ab auribus ad oculōs et īnfrā deinceps ad nārēs et ad ōs et ad gulam atque inde porrō ad ven- trem īmum dēdūxisse et lēgātīs ita respondisse: dum illīs

N.B. The notes on these selections contain occasional questions on word- formation. It is taken for granted that students have followed the suggestion made in the īntroduction (III, A, ō) before reaching this point.

1. Atypical Roman of the old 7. nārrātīs. style, famous for his integrity. S. vāctus includes all that has He was three times consul. to do with the manner of living.
2. reī familiāris, property. 9. dēficī, deesse.
3. The people of Samnium. IO. in proportion to.
4. velutī, sāut, quasi. 11. ēlegantem, sāmptuōsum.
5. Par. māgnum aurī pondus. 12. apparātum = furnishing,
6. A freedman of Augustus outfit. by whom he was placed in charge 13. palms.

of the Palatine library. He wrote 14. Ant. supr4ā. many books, all of which are lost. NOCTES ATTICAE. 109

omnibus membrīs, quae attigisset, obsistere atque impe- rāre posset, numquam quicquam dēfutūrum; proptereā: sē pecūniam, 2quā nihil3 sibi esset ūsus, ab hīs quibus eam scīret ūsuī esse, nōn accipere.

1. quam ob rem. which takes the ablative; A. &

2. With āsus, signifying need, G. 243, e; H. 414, IV.

3. acc. of spec.

ver 111. Quantā cum animī aequitāte tolerāverit Sōcratēs uxōris ingenium intractābile; latque inibi, quiū M. Varrō2? in quādam saturā dē officiō marītīē scrīpserit.

Xanthippē, Sōcratis philosophī uxor, mōrōsa admodumt fuisse fertur et iūrgiōsaō, īrārumque et molestiārum mulie- brium per diem perque noctem scatēbatī. Hās ēius intemperiēs in marītum Alcibiadēs dēmīrātus, interrogāvit Sōcratēn quaenam ratiō esset cur mulierem tam acerbam domō nōn exigeretē. “Quoniam,” inquit Sōcratēs, “cum illam domī tālem perpetiorō īnsuēscō et exerceor ut cēterōrum quoque forīs! petulantiam et iniūriam facilius feram.”

1. and in this connection.

2. M. Terentius Varro, the famous Roman antiquarian, born

116 B.C., whose profound and varied learning earned for him 2

. coniugis, virī.

. valdē, vehementer.

. cf. iārgium = a quarrel.

. overflowed with, was full of. Alcibiades, wondering at

ē.n 5

the title of the “most learned of the Romans.” He wrote four hundred and ninety books, but of these only two works have come down to us, one in a muti- lated form.

these outbreaks of hers against her husband. S. expelleret, ēiceret. 9. perferō, tolerō. IC. exerceor = exerceō mē. 11. forīs, adv. = out of doors.

Ll

e] IŌO

IS

110 AULUS GELLIUS.

1Secundum hanc sententiam quoque Varrō in saturā Menippeā, quam dē officiō marītī scrīpsit: “vitium,” inquit, “uxōris aut 2tollendum aut ferendum est. Qui tollit vitiumē, uxōrem commodiōrem* praestatō; quī fert, sēsē meliōrem facit.” Haec verba Varrōnis ‘tollere’ et “ferre’ lepidēē quidem composita sunt, sed ‘tollere’ ap- pāret dictum prō ‘ corrigere Id etiam appāret, ēiusmodī vitium uxōris, sī corrigī nōn possit, ferendum esse Var- rōnem cēnsuisseī, quod ferrī scīlicet ā virō honestē potest; Svitia enim flāgitiīs leviōra sunt. 6. ēleganter, aptē. 7. putāvisse.

1. Par. ex hāc sententiā.

2. cured or endured.

3. culpam. 8. for defects are easier to

4. faciliōrem, moderātiōrem. endure (leviōra) than shameful

5. facit. disgraces (fdgitiīs). Ē;315:

6. Historia super librīs Sibyllīnīs1 āc dē Tarquiniō

Superbō rēge.

In antīquīs annālibus memoria super librīs Sibyllīnīs haec prōditaē est: Anust hospita atque incōgnita ad Tar- quinium Superbum rēgem adiit, novem librōs ferēns, quōs esse dīcēbat dīvīna ōrācula; eōs sē velle ’vēnum

1. These were prophecies in golden chests in the temple of

probably derived from Cumae, a Greek city of Campania. They were written in Greek verse and kept in a stone chest in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. InS2 s.C. they were destroyed by fire, but again restored. Finally they were removed by Augustus, and placed

Apollo on the Palatine.

2. The oldest historical rec- ords among the Romans were called annālēs liōrī= year books; they were written on whitened boards.

3. nārrāta, scrīpta.

4. an old woman.

5. to sell. NOCTES ATTICAE. 111

dare. Tarquinius pretium percontātus est'. Mulier 2nimium atque immēnsum popōscit: rēx, quasi8 anus aetāte dēsiperet, dērīsit. Tum illa foculum* cōram cum īgnī appōnit, trēs librōs ex novem deūrit5 et, ecquidē reliquōs sex eōdem pretiō emere vellet, rēgem interrogā- vit. Sed enim” Tarquinius id multō rīsit magis dīxitque anum iam proculē dubiō dēlīrāreī. Mulier ibīdem statim trēs aliōs librōs exussit9 atque id ipsum dēnuō4 placidē rogat, ut trēs reliquōs eōdem illō pretiō emat. Tarquinius ōre iam sēriō atque attentiōre animō fit, eam cōnstantiam cōnfīdentiamque “nōn īnsuper habendam intellegit; librōs trēs reliquōs mercātur nihilō minōre pretiō quam quod erat petītum prō omnibus. “Sed eam mulierem tunc ā Tarquiniō dīgressam posteā “4nūsquam locī vīsam cōnstitit. Librī trēs, in sacrārium conditī, “Sibyllīnī’ appellātī. Ad eōs, quasi ad ōrāculum, Quīndecim virī adeunt, cum dī immortālēs pūblicē cōnsulendī sunt.

1. dāligenter quaesīvit. 10. cf. deārit above.
2. SC. pretium, tr. the woman 11. dē novō. asked an excessive and in fact 12. nōn neglegendam, nōn dē- (atque)y enormous price. spiciendam.
3. tamquam, cf. p. 108, l. 3. 13. Sed eam mulierem ... cōn-
4. braxier. stitit. Note the emphatic order. S. cremat, incendit. Tr. But as for that woman it is
5. num. agreed, etc.
6. profectō, quidem. 14. Par. nāllō locō.. locī is
7. sine. partitive genitive with nāsquam.
8. īnsānīre. IO

18

112 AULUS GELLIUS. 15ī23. 113. Quis fuerit Papīrius Praetextātus; quae istīus causa cōgnōmentī sit; historiaque ista omnis super eōdem Papīriō cōgnitūl iūcunda.

Historia dē Papīriō Praetextātō dicta scrīptaque est ā M. Catōne2 in orātiōne quā ūsus est ad mīlitēs contrā Galbamē, cum multā quidem venustāte atque lūce atque munditiā verbōrum. jEa Catōnis verba huic prōrsus commentāriō indidissem, sī librī cōpia fuisset id temporis cum haec dictāvī. Quod sī nōn virtūtēs dīgnitātēsque verbōrum, sed rem ipsam scīre quaeris, rēs fermē ad hunc modum est: Mōs anteā senātōribus Rōmae fuit in cūriam cum praetextātīsē fīliīs introīre. Tum, cum in senātū rēs māior quaepiam’ cōnsultāta eaque in diem po- sterum prōlātaē est, placuitque ut eam rem, super quā tractāvissent, nē quis ēnūntiāret priusquam dēcrēta esset, māter Papīrī puerī, quī cum parente suō in cūriā fuerat, percontāta estī fīlium quidnam in senātū patrēs ēgissent.

1. Supine depending on iā-. cunda.

2. See introduction to selec- tions 88-100.

3. Servius Sulpicius Galba was praetor I51 B.C., and re-

4. These words of Cato I should have inserted right in this note-book, if I had had access to the book at just the time when I dictated them.

5. wearing the praetexta, i.e.

ceived Spain as his province. He was tried for cruelty to the Lusitanians, and was denounced in the strongest terms by Cato, who was then eighty-five years old.

4. ēlegantiā.

the toga with a purple border worn by children.

7. aliqua.

S. prōrogāta.

9. Or. placuityue (ut) nē quis ēnāntiāret eam rem super (= dē) qud tractāvissent.

10. ef. paīīās;L. 5. NOCTES ATTICAE. 133

Puer respondit tacendum esse neque id dīcī licēre. Mu- lier fit audiendī cupidior; sēcrētum' reī et silentium puerī animum ēius ad inquīrendum ēverberat2: quaerit igitur compressius3 violentiusque. Tum puer mātre urgente ‘lepidī atque fēstīvī mendācī cōnsilium capit. Āctumō in senātū diīxit utrum vidērētur ūtilius exque rē pūblicā esse, sūnusne ut duās uxōrēs habēret, an ut ūna apud duōs nūpta esset. Hōc illa ubi audiīvit, ani- mus compavēscit, domō trepidāns ēgreditur, ad cēterās mātrōnās Cadfert“]. Pervenit ad senātum postrīdiē mātrum familiās caterva5. Lacrimantēs atque obse- crantēs ōrant ūna potius ut duōbus nūpta fieret quam ut ūnī5 duae. Senātōrēs ingredientēs in cūriam, quae illa mulierum intemperiēs et quid “sibi postulātiō istaec vellet, mīrābantur. Puer Papīrius in medium cūriae prō- gressus, quid māter audīre īnstitissetlē, quid ipse mātriī dīxisset, rem, sīcut fuerat, dēnārrat. Senātus fidem atque ingenium puerī exōsculātur cōnsultum facit sutī post- hāc puerī cum patribus in cūriam nē introeant, praeterī!

1. mystery. 13. The verb nādere, tomarry,

2. stimulat, urget. regularly govermns the dative.

3. vehementius. 14. sibi ... vellet, lit. wished

4. neat and humorous. for itself= meant.

S.u80. essSx 15. The quid clauses are in 6. whick (of tuv). apposition with rem, the object 7. See idioms. of dēnārrat.

S. whether that one should 16. From īnsistō, cf. Eng. in-

kave . -. sist.

9. timet, metuit. 17. valdē laudat. I0. carries the news. 138. uēF. .. ngē=xxē, ef. p. r*x2,
10. multitūdō. n. 9, above.
11. Or. ut āna potius duōbus, 19. Adv. = except.

etc.

m

—

9]

5 IO

1

114

AULUS GELLIUS.

ille ūnus Papirius, atque puerō posteā cōgnōmentum honōris grātiā inditum' ‘Praetextātus’ ob tacendī loquen- dīque in aetāte praetextae prūdentiam.

I. impositum.

I, 24.

114. Tria epigrammata trium veterum poētārum, Naevīi, Plauti2, Pācuvīē, quae facta ab ipsīs sepulcrīst eōrum

incīsa sunt.

Trium poētārum inlustrium epigrammata, Cn. Naevī, Plautī, M. Pācuvī, quae ipsī fēcērunt et incīdenda sepul- crō suō relīquērunt, nōbilitātis eōrum grātiā et venustātis scrībenda in hīs commentāriīs esse dūxī.

Epigramma Naevī plēnum superbiae Campānaeō, quod testimōnium esse iūstum potuisset, nisi ab ipsō dictum

esset:

Immortālēs mortālēs sī foret fās flēre, Flērent dīvae Camēnaeī Naevium poētam.

1. Cn. Naevius, 270-204 B.C., a famous epic and dramatic poet. Of his epic poem on the Fīrst Punic War a few fragments still remain. īt was extensivelycopied by later writers, especially by Ver- gil. His plays were very popu- lar even in the Augustan age.

2. T. Maccius Plautus, born about 254 B.C., was the most celebrated comic poet of Rome. We still possess twenty of his

plays.

3. M. Pacuvius, one of the early Roman tragedians, was born about 220 B.C. He was equally famous as a painter and as a writer. A few fragments of his plays are extant.

4. dat. after incīsa.

5. Or. dāxī (=habuī) scrī- benda esse in hīs commentāriīs nōbilitātis eōrum grātiā (=on account of) et venustātis.

6. Campanian. Naevius was born there.

7. Māsae. NOCTES ATTICAE. 115

Itaque 1postquam est Orchī trāditus thēsaurō, Oblītī sunt Rōmae loquier2 linguā Latīnā.ē Epigramma Plautī, quod dubitāssēmus ant Plautī foret, nisi ā M. Varrōne5 positum esset in librō Dē Poētis prīmō: 5 ē8Postquam est mortem aptus Plautus, Cōmoedia lūget?, Scaena est dēserta, dein Rīsus, Lūdus Iocusque, Et 8Numerī innumerī simul omnēs conlacrimārunt.

Epigramma Pācuvī verēcundissimum et pūrissimum dīgnumque ēius ēlegantissimā gravitāte: 10 Adulēscēns, tametsī properās, ‘tē hōc saxum rogat Vt sēsē aspiciās, deinde quod scrīptum est legās. Hīc sunt poētae Pācuvī Marcī sita Ossa. Hōcī0 volēbam nescius nē essēs. ValPē.

1. Par. postquam Plātōnis do- 2s.īsee 111. 2.2. mum abiit. 6. Par. Postquam Plautus

2. Old form for loquī= how mortuus est. to speak. 7. Ant. gaudet.

3. Note the meter of this 8. Measures without numbōer. epigram, as also of the third. It 9. modestissimum ; ant. im- is known as the saturnian, a pudentissimum. native Italian meter antedating 10. The object of nescius essēs, the hexameter. which equals nescīrēs.

4. num, sī.

II, 1.

115. Quō senere solitus sit philosophus Sōcratēs exercēre I15 lpatientiam corporis; dēque ēiusdem virī temperantiā. Inter labōrēs voluntāriōs et exercitia corporis 5ad for- tuītās patientiae vicēs fīrmandī, id quoque accēpimus

116. physical endurance. 3. for unexpected duties re-

117. corporis fīrmandī, objective gquiring endurance. genitive. I5

116 AULUS GELLIUS.

Sōcratēn facere īnsuēvisse': stāre solitus Sōcratēs dicitur pertinācī statū, 2?perdius atque pernox, ’ā summō lūcis ortū ad sōlem alterum orientem, incōnīvēnst, immōbilis, eīsdem in vestīgiīs, et ōre atque oculīs eundem in locum dīrēctīs, cōgitābundusō, tamquam quōdam sēcessū men- tis atque animī factō ā corpore. Quam rem cum Favō- rīnusī, dē fortitūdine ēius virī ēut plēraque disserēns, attigissetō, tryoXXdxs’ inquit “ē ijĀov ets ijhov eīerijxe dorpaeorepos rōv mpāuwov'.

Temperantiā quoque fuisse eum tantā trāditum est ut omnia ferē vītae suae tempora valētūdine inoffēnsā vīxe- rit. In illīus etiam pestilentiae vāstitāte quae in bellī Peloponnēnsiacī prīncipiō Athēniēnsium cīvitātem inter- necīvō4 genere morbī dēpopulāta est, is ēparcendī mode- randīque ratiōnibus dīcitur 4et ā voluptātum lābe cāvisse et salūbritātēsē corporis retinuisse, ut nēquāquamī fuerit commūnī omnium clādī obnoxius.

1. solitum esse.

2. Par. per diem atque per noctem.

3. Par. ā prīmā lāce. summō = prīmō.

4. sine somnō, vigil.

5. cōgitāns, dēlīberābundus.

6. discessā.

7. A famous philosopher and

sophist of the reign of Hadrian.

8. discussing in his usual vein.

9. commemord(sset, tractēsset.

10. often he stood, stiffer than the trees, from sun to sun.

11. sine morōō, sānus.

12. gravī, fūānestō.

13. by means of care and self- restraint.

14. both to have secured him- self against the ruinous effect of sensual pleasures.

15. sānitātem, bonam valētā- dinem.

16. minimē.

17. expositus, subiectus. NOCTES ATTICAE. 117

II, 28.

116. Nōn esse compertum! cui deō 2rem dīvīnam tierī oporteat, cum terra movet.

Quaenam esse causa videātur quam ob rem terrae tre- mōrēs fīant, ēnōn modo hīs commūnibus hominum sēnsi- bus opīniōnibusque compertumī, sed nē inter physicās quidem philosophiās jsatis cōnstitit ventōrumne vī acci- dant specūsē hiātūsqueī terrae subeuntium an aquārum subter in terrārum cavīs undantium pulSibus fluctibusque, ita utī videntur exīstimāsse antīquissimī Graecōrum, quī Neptūnum cewix6ova 8 appellāvērunt, an cūiusō aliae reī causā alterīusve deī vī āc nūmine, nōndum etiam, sīcutī dīximus, prō certō crēditum. Proptereā veterēs Rōmānī, cum!2 in omnibus aliīs vītae officiīs, tum in cōnstituendīs religiōnibus atque in dīs immortālibus animadvertendīs castissimīē cautissimīque, ubi terram mōvisse sēnserant nūntiātumve erat, fēriās'4 ēius reī causā ēdictō imperā- bant, sed deī nōmen, ita utī solet, cui servārī fēriās opor- tēret, statuere et ēdīcere quiēscēbant nē, alium prō aliō nōminandō, falsā religiōne populum adligārent”. Eās

1. cēānitum, intellēstum. 8. earth-shaker.
2. sacrum, sacrificium. 9. The indefinite = some.
3. Remember that when nōn 10. alīus. modo is followed by sed nē... 11. alīus. quidem, the English idiom re- 12. cum ... tum = not only quires a second negative in the .. . lut especially. first clause. 13. piissimā.
4. sc. est. 14. holidays.
5. See idioms. I5. abl. of means.
6. cavernās, antra. 16. they refrained from.
7. clefts, chasms. 17. Ant. solverent.

t4

5 - IŌ

118 AULUS GELLIUS.

fēriās sī quis polluisset piāculōque2 ob hanc rem opus esset, hostiamē “sī deō, sī deae’ immolābant, idque ita ex dēcrētō pontificum observātum esse M. Varrō4 dīcit, quo- niam et quā vī et per quem deōrum deārumve terra tre- meret incertum esset. 2

Sed dē lūnae sōlisque dēfectiōnibus5, nōn minus. in ēius reī causā reperiendā sēsē exercuērunt. Quippe M. Cat5ō’, vir in cōgnōscendīs rēbus multī studī, incertē tamen et incūriōsēō super eā rē opīnātus est. Verba Catō- nis ex Orīginum quartō haec sunt: “uNōn libet scrībere quod “in tabulā āpud pontificem māximum est, quotiēns annōnalē cāra fuerit, quotiēns lūnae aut sōlis lūminī cālī- gō aut quid obstiterit.” Ōsque adeō parvī fēcit ratiōnēs vērās sōlis et lūnae dēficientium vel scīre vel dīcere.

1. contāmināsset. 9. indifferently.
2. abl. after opus = nced, cf. 10. sc. librō. āsus, p. 109, l. 3. 11. Jam not disposed.
3. vīctimam. 12. This refers to the record
4. See 111, n. 2. of events kept at the house of S. eclipses. the high priest.
5. nam. 13. provisions.
6. See pp. 83-95. 14. mist. S. Descriptive genitive with

vir. NOCTES ATTICAE. 12113

mē, 4

117. 1Quod P. Ēfricānō et aliīs tunc virīs nōbilibus ante 2aetātem senectam barbam et genāsē rāūdere mōs patrius fuit.

In librīs quōs dē vītā P. Scīpiōnis Āfricānī compositōs legimus, scrīptum esse animadvertimus, P. Scīpiōnīt Paulī fīliō, postquam dē Poenīs triumphāverat cēnsorque fuerat, Sdiem dictum esse adō populum ā Claudiō Asellō, tribūnō plēbis, cui’ equum in cēnsūrā adēmerat, eumque, cum esset reusē, neque barbam dēsīsse rādī neque nōn can- didā veste ūtī neque fuisse cultū solitō reōrum. Sed cum in eō tempore Scīpiōiem minōrem quadrāgintā annōrum fuisse cōnstāret, quod dē barbā rāsā ita scrīptum esset mīrābāmur. Comperimus autem cēterōs quoque in eīsdem temporibus nōbilēs virōs barbam in ēiusmodī aetāte rāsitāvisse2, idcircōque plērāsque imāginēs vete- rum, nōn admodum senum, sed in mediō aetātis, ita factās vidēmus.

1. The Romans in early times 5. See idioms. wore the beard long. Barbers 6. apud. were introduced 300 B.C., and 7. See Introduction IV, r16, Pliny says that Scipio Africanus 3, c. Major was the first Roman who 8. a defendant, under arrest. was shaved every day. Thne 9. From dēsinō, cf. cessāre,

custom soon became general. In times of mourning or trouble the beard was allowed to grow.

2. aetātem senectam = senec- tātem.

3. cheeks.

4. Indirect object of dictum esse.

fīnem facere.

10. cultus = vestītus et ōrnāē- mentum corporis.

11. at this age, i.e. at about forty.

12. Frequentative of rādō, post-Augustan and very rare.

IO IS

120 AULUS GELLIUS.

mi; ē.

118. Litterae eximiael cōnsulum C. Fabricī2 et Q. Aemilī ad rēgem Pyrrhumē] ā Q. Claudiō4 scrīptōre historiārum in memoriam datae.

Cum Pyrrhus rēx in terrā ītaliā esset et ūnam atque alteram pūgnās prōsperē pūgnāsset satisque agerent Rōmānī et plēraque ītalia ad rēgem dēscīvissetē, tum Ambraciēnsisō quispiam Tīmocharēs, rēgis Pyrrhī amīcus, ad C. Fabricium cōnsulem fūrtim vēnit āc praemium peti- vit et, sī dē praemiō convenīret!, prōmīsit rēgem venēnīs necāre, idque facile esse factū dīxit, quoniam fīlius suus pōcula in convīviō rēgī ministrāret. Eam rem Fabricius ad senātum scrīpsit. Senātus ad rēgem lēgātōs mīsit mandāvitque" ut dē Tīmochare nihil prōderent, sed monērent utī rēx circumspectius ageret atque ā proxi- mōrum īnsidiīs salūtem tūtārētur.?2 Hīōc ita, utī dīximus, in 8Valerī Antiātis historiā scrīptum est. Quadrīgārius autem in librō tertiō nōn Tīmocharem, sed Nīciam adīsse

1. ēregiae. 7. māxima pars Italiae.

2. See selection 110, n. I. S. dēfēcisset, cf. Eng. defec- This consulship was in 278 B. C. tion.

3. The brave and noble king 9. Ambracia is a town in Epi-

of Epirus who crossed into Italy rus. Whnat does the ending -ēn-

and fought against the Romans, sis denote?

280-274 BL.C. 10. if an agreement uwere 4. Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, made.

100-78 B.C., wrote a history of 11. imperāvit.

Rome. Gellius seems to have 12. dēfenderet. thought more of him as a histo- 13. Q. Valerius Antias flour- rian than other writers. ished about 8o B.c. Livy calls 5. See idioms. him the most mendacious of all

6. had all they could do. the annalists. NOCTES ATTICAE. 123

ad cōnsulem scrīpsit, neque lēgātōs ā senātū missōs sed ā cōnsulibus, et Pyrrhum populō Rōmānō laudēs atque grātiās scrīpsisse captīvōsque omnēs quōs tum habuit, vestīvisse et reddidisse.

Cōnsulēs tum fuērunt C. Fabricius et Q. Aemilius. Litterās quās ad rēgem Pyrrhum super eā causā mīsē- runt, Claudius Quadrīgārius scrīpsit fuisse hōc exemplō:

“Cōnsulēs Rōmānī jsalūtem dīcunt Pyrrhō rēgī. Nōs prō tuīs iniūriīs continuīs fanimō tenus commōtī inimī- citer tēcum bellāreē studēmus. Sed commūnis exemplī et fideī ergōē vīsumī ut tē salvum velīmus, ‘ut esset quem armīs vincere possēmus. Ad nōs vēnit Nīciās, familiāris tuus, quī sibi praemium ā nōbīs peteret, sī tē clam interfēcissetī. Id nōs negāvimus velle, nēve ob eam rem quicquam commodī exspectāret, et simulī vīsum est ut tē “certiōrem facerēmus, nē quid ēiusmodī, sī accidisset, nostrō cōnsiliō cīvitātēs putārent factum, et quod nōbīs nōn placet pretiō aut praemiō aut dolīs pū-

gnāre. Tqū, nisi cavēs, iacēbisi4.”

I1. Or. et lēgātōs missōs (esse) 9. What tense in direct dis- nōn ā sendtā sed ā cōnsulibus. course? 2. sententiā. 10. neve= et nē. nē ... ex- 3. See idioms. spectāret = nōlī exspectāre of di- 4. moved to the heart. tenus rect discourse. always follows its case. 11. eōdem tempore. 5. Par. bellum gerere. 12. See idioms. 6. causā. 13. Subject of factum (esse). 7. sc. est, it has seemed right. 14. Par. mortuus eris. S. that there might be one.

l

5 IO

5

12322 AULUS GELLIUS. mī; 5s5- 119. iExstāre in litterīs perque hominum memoriās trādi-

tum2 quod repente multīs mortem attulit gaudium in-

gēns īnspērātum, ‘interclūsā animā et vim māgnī novīque

mōtūs nōn sustinente.

Cōgnitō repente īnspērātō gaudiō exspīrāsse animam5 refert Aristotelēs philosophus Polycritam, nōbilem fēmi- nam Naxō īnsulā Puhnilippidēsē quoque, cōmoediārum poēta haud īgnōbilis, (aetāte iam ēditā, cum in certāmine poētārum praeter spem vīcisset et laetissimē gaudēret, inter illud gaudium repente mortuus est. Dē Rhodiō etiam Diagorā celebrāta historia est. Is Diagorās trēs fīliōs adulēscentēs habuit, ūnum pugilem5, alterum pan- cratiastēnī, tertium luctātōremī2. Eōs omnīs vīdit vincere corōnārīque Olympiae5 eōdem diē et, cum ibi eum trēs adulēscentēs amplexī corōnīs suīs in caput patris positīs sāviārentur, cum populus grātulābundusī flōrēs undique

1. That there appears in docu-

ments and has been handed down by the traditions of men the story

9. Par. in senectūte.
10. boxer.
11. The pancratium was an

that. athletic contest combining the 2. sc. esse. best arts of wrestling and box- 3. The subject. ing. OŌne engaging in such a 4. since their breath was contest might be called an ‘all- stifled. round athlete.

12. wrestler.

13. The famous spot in Elis

14. Obiject of exspīrāsse.

15. The learned and distin-

guished philosopher, born 384 B.C.

7. Locative ablative.

S. A prominent writer of the New Comedy. He flourished about 3235 B.C.

where the Olympic games were held. 14. ōsculārentur. 15. What is the force of the suffix -bundus? NOCTES ATTICAE. 123

in eum iaceret, ibīdem in stadiō', īnspectante populō, in ōsculīs atque in manibus fīliōrum, 2animam efflāvit. Praetereā in nostrīs annālibus scrīptum lēgimus, 3quā tempestāte apud Cannās* exercitus populī Rōmānī caesus est, anumō mātrem nūntiō dē morte fīlī adlāto, lūctū atque maerōre adfectam esse; sed is nūntius nōn vērus fuit atque is adulēscēns nōn diū post ex eā pūgnā in urbem rediit; anus, repente fīliō vīsō, cōpiā atque turbā fet quasi ruīnā incidentis inopīnātī gaudī oppressa exanimātaque est.

1. stadium est locus in quō completely crushed a great Ro-

dthlētae certābant. man army, 216 B.C. 2. Par. mortuus est. 5. See p. 110, l. 14. 3. Par. illō tempore quō. 6. and, as it were, storm. 4. Cannae, the little town in 7. imprōvīsī, subitī.

Apulia near which Hannibal

IV, S. 120. Quid C. Fabricius! dē Cornēliō Rūfīnō2 homine avārō dīxerit, quem, cum ōdisset inimīcusque esset, dēsīgnan- dumē tamen cōnsulem cūrāvit.

Fabricius Luscinus māgnā glōriā vir māgnīsque rēbus gestīs fuit. P. Cornēlius Rūfīnus manū quidem strēnuus et bellātor bonus miīlitārisque disciplīnae 5perītus admo- dum fuit, sed fūrāxē homō et avāritiā ācrī erat. Hunc Fabricius nōn probābat neque amīcō ūtēbātur ēōsusque

I. See selection 110, n. I1. S. perītus admodum = perītis- 2. Consul in 290 and 277 B.C. simus. 3. creandum. The gerundive 6. fār=a thief. Whatiis the agreeing with the object is ussed force of the suffix -īx? with cārēō to express purpose. 7. See idioms.

4. See Introduction, III, C, j. 8S. ōsus ... fuit = ōderat. 2S

124 AULUS GELLIUS.

eum mōrum causā fuit. Sed cum in temporibus reit diffi- cillimīs cōnsulēs creandī forent2 et is Rūfīnus peteret cōnsulātum competītōrēsque ēius essent imbellēs quīdam et futtilēsē3, summā opet adnīxus est Fabricius utī Rūfīnō cōnsulātus dēferrētur. Eam rem plērīsque admīrantibus, quod hominem avārum cui esset inimīcissimus, creārī cōnsulem peteret, “Mālō,” inquit, “cīvis mē compīlet5, quam hostis vēndat.” .

SHunc Rūfīnum posteā bis cōnsulātū et dictātūrā fūnc- tum’ cēnsor Fabricius senātū mōvit ēob lūxuriae notam, quod decem pondō’ lībrās “argentī factī habēret. Id autem, quod suprā scrīpsī, Fabricium dē Cornēliō Rūfīnō ita, utī in plērāque historiā scrīptum est, dīxisse, M. Cicerō nōn aliīs ā Fabriciō, sed ipsī Rūfīnō, 4grātiās agentī quod ope ēius dēsīgnātus esset2, dictum esse refertiē in librō secundō Dē ōŌrātōre.

I. sc. pāblicae. 7. performed the duties of.

2. essent. S. as a reproach for high liv-

3. vānī, levēs. ing.

4. potentiā. 9. in weight.

5. rob. sc. ut; so, too, with 10. argentīfactī= silver plate. vēndat. I11. See idioms.

6. Or. Fabricius cēnsor posteā 22. ef.p. 123: 4 11. mēvit hunc Rāfinum, bis fānctum 13. nārrat, subject is Cicero. eōnsulāti et dictātārā, senātā oō, etc.

vV, 2.

121. Superl equō Alexandrī rēgis, quī Būcephalās appellā- tus est.

Equus Alexandrī rēgis et capite et nōmine 4Būcepha-

1. a. NOCTES ATTICAE. 125

lās1 fuit. Emptum? Charēsē scrīpsit talentīst tredecim et rēgī Philippō5 dōnātum; hōc autem ‘aeris nostrī summa est sēstertiaī trecenta duodecim. Super hōc equō dīgnum memoriā vīsumē quod, ubi ōrnātus erat armātusque ad proelium, haud umquam īnscendī sēsē ab aliō nisi ab rēge passus sit. Id etiam dē istō equō memorātum est, quod, cum īnsidēns in eō Alexander bellō Indicō et facinora faciēns fortia, in hostium cuneum nōn satis sibi prōvidēns immīsisset, coniectīsque undique in Ale- xandrum tēlīs, “volneribus altīs in cervīce atque in latere equus perfossus esset4. moribundus tamen āc prope iam exsanguis ē mediīs hostibus rēgem vīvācissimō4 cursū rettulit atque, ubi eum extrālī tēla extulerat, !īlicō con- cidit et “dominī iam superstitis sēcūrus quasi cum sēnsūs

1. A Greek compound mean- ing ox-head.

2. sc. esse. The subiject is equum understood.

3. A court officer of Alexan- der, who wrote a history of his life.

4. Attalent is a Grecian meas- ure of value worth about sroSo in gold.

5. Father of Alexander and king of Macedon, 359-336 B.C.

6. pecū;niae nostrae.

7. A sēstertium == one thou- sand sēstertiī, and a sēstertius = 4.1 cents.

8S. sc. est.

9. numquam.

10. quod here, as above, intro- duces a statement of fact, and

is translated by that and followed by the indicative. Gellius often uses this construction where the best writers would use the infini- tive with subject accusative.

11. gesta, facta.

12. Literally a wedge, refer- ring to the arrangement of the troops in that form.

13. abl. of means.

14. had been pierced.

15. What is the force of the suffix?

16. Ant. tardissimōē.

17. Ant. intrā.

18. Par. in ipsō tempore in terram dēcidit.

19. now assured of his mas- ters safety. IO

I5

126 AULUS GELLIUS.

hūmānī sōlāciō animam exspīrāvit. Tum rēx Alexander, partā ēius bellī victōriā, oppidum in eīsdem locīs condidit idque Pcb equī honōrēs ‘Būcephalon’ appellāvit.

I. satisfaction. 2. Par. ut equum honōrāret.

v,;s.

122. Cūiusmodī iocōī incavillātus sit2 Antiochumē rēgem Poenus Hannibal4.

In librīs veterum memoriārumō scrīptum est Hanni- balem Carthāginiēnsem capud rēgem Antiochum facētis- simē? cavillātum esse. Ea cavillātiō4 hūiuscemodī fuit: ostendēbat eī Antiochus in campō cōpiās ingentīs quās bellum populō Rōmānō factūrusō comparāverat, convertē- batque exercitum īnsīgnibus argenteīs et aureīs flōren- tem; indūcēbat etiam currūs cum falcibusī et elephantōs cum turribus equitātumque frēnīs, ephippiīsū, monīlibus phalerīs8 praefulgentem. Atque ibi rēx, contemplātiōne

tantī āc tam ōrnātī exercitūs glōriābundus, Hannibalem aspicit et “Putāsne,” inquit, “cōnferrīlē posse āc satis

1. cf. Eng. joke. 6. See idioms.
2. mocked, fooled. 7. cf. Eng. derivative.
3. Antiochus the Great, king 8. iocus. of Syria, 223-137 B.C. 9. Expresses purpose.
4. The great general who for 10. scythes. sixteen years defied the power 11. saddles. of Rome. After his final defeat 12. necklaces. he fled for refuge to the court 13. breast decorations.

of Antiochus (195 s.C.), whom he persuaded to make war upon

14. prae in composition very often simply strengthens the

the Romans. 5. historiārum.

meaning of the word; praefulgēns = brilliantly shining.

15. be compared. i NOCTES ATTICAE. 127

esse Rōmānīs haec omnia?”” Tum Poenus, ēlūdēns! īgnāviam imbelliamque? mīlitum ēius pretiōsē8 armātō- rum: Satis, plānē satis esse crēdō Rōmānīs haec omnia, etiam sī avārissimī sunt.” Nihil prōrsum nequeē tam lepidē4 neque tam acerbē dīcī potest: rēx dē numerō exercitūs suī āc dē aestimandā aequiperātiōne quaesī- verat, respondit Hannibal dē praedā.

I. sneering at.

2. A post-Augustan word derived from imbellis = nuōn aptus

negation is not destroyed by suc- . ceeding negatives, each introduc- ing a separate subordinate mem-

belkō. ber. 3. sāmptuōdsē, ēleganter. 6. neatly. 4. at all. 7. whether it could be consid-

5. Remember that a general ered on an equality.

v,;09. 1238. Historia de Croesīl fīliō mūtō ex Hērodotī2 librīs.

Fīlius Croesī rēgis, cum iam fārī ōper aetātem posset, īnfāns erat et, cum iam multum adolēvisset, item nihil fārī quībat. Mūtus adeō5 et ēlinguisō diū habitus est. “Cum in patrem ēiusō, bellō māgnō vīctum et urbeē in quā erat captā, hostis gladiō dēductō, rēgem esse īgnō- rāns, invāderetīō, dīdūxitī adulēscēns ōs, clāmāre nītēns,

1. King of Lydia, s6o-546B8..

His name has become synony- mous with boundless wealth.

6. Note the etymology.

7. Or. Cum hostis gladiō de- ductō, rēgem esse īgnōrāns, in

8. The famous Greek histo- rian known as the “father of his- tory.”” He was born 484 B.C.

9. so far as his age was con- cerned.

10. poterat.

S. indeed, strengthens mātus.

patrem Pēius, bellō māgnō vīctum et urbe in quā erat captā, invā- deret, adulēscēns ōs dīdāxit, etc. 8. ēius refers to adulēscēns. 9. viz. Sardis. 10. impetum faceret. 11. Ant. clausit. IO

IS

128 AULUS GELLIUS. i

eōque nīsū1 atque impetū spīritūs vitium nōdumque linguae rūpit plānēque et articulātē ēlocūtus est, clāmāns in hostem nē rēx Croesus occīderētur. Tum et hostis gladium redūxit et rēx vītā dōnātus est et adulēscēns loquī 5prōrsum deinceps incēpit. Hērodotus in Historiīs hūius memoriae scrīptor est, ēiusque verba sunt quae prīma dīxisse fīlium Croesī refertt: Av6pome, uī xreīe Kpoīoov.

Sed et quispiam8 Samiusī āthlēta, nōmen illī fuit ExexXoōsē, cum anteā nōn loquēns fuisset, ob similem dīcitur causam loquī coepisse. Nam cum in sacrō cer- tāmine sortītiō3 inter ipsōs et adversāriōs nōn bonā fidē fieret et sortem nōminisīō falsam subicī animadvertisset, repente in eum quī id faciēbat, vidēre sēsē quid faceret, māgnum2 inclāmāvit. Atque is ōris vinculō solūtus “per omne inde vītae tempus nōn turbidē neque adhaesē locū- tus est.

1. cōnātā. wood containing the names of

2. impedīmentum. the contestants.

3. right along thereafter. 10. gen. of specification de-

4. nārrat. pending on falsam, A. 218 c;

5. Cavē, homō, nē Croesum H. 399, iH1ī, 5- occīdās. 11. being sudstituted.

6. quīdam. 12. māgnā vāce.

7. Samos is a large island in 13. Par. prōrsum deinceps, the Aegean Sea. see l. 5.

8. Echeclās. 14. Par. plānē et articulātē,

9. a casting of lots (sortēs). cf. l. 2. The lots were usually bits of NOCTES ATTICAE. 129

vi, 124. Historia dē Polō histriōnel memorātū dīgna.

Histriō in terrā Graeciā fuit fāmā celebrī, quī 2gestūs et vōcis clāritūdine et venustāte cēterīs antistābat3: nōmen fuisse āiunt Polum, tragoediās poētārum nōbilium scītē atque adsevērātēt āctitāvitē. Is Polus ūnicē amātum fīīium morte āmīsit. Eum lūctumō quoniam satis vīsus est ēlūxisseī, rediit ad quaestum artis.

In eō tempore Athēnīs Ēlectramē Sophoclisē āctūrus, gestāre urnam quasi cum Orestī ossibus dēbēbat. īta compositum fābulae argūmentum est ut 4velutī frātris reliquiās ferēns Ēlectra complōret commisereāturque in- teritum ēius exīstimātum.. Igitur Polus, lūgubrī habitū Ēlectrae indūtusīē, ossa atque urnam ē sepulcrō tulit fīlī et, quasi Orestī amplexus, opplēvit omnia nōn simulācrīs neque imitāmentīs, sed lūctū atque lāmentīs “vērīs et

spīrantibus. Itaque cum agī fābula vidērētur, 5dolor āctus est. I. actor. tra, which is supposed to con-

2. Or. venustāte gestās et clā- ritūīdine vēcis.

3. praestābat, superior erat.

4. eornestly.

5. What is the force of the suffix?

6. Ant. gaudium. For con- struction, see Introduction, IV, 16, 4, c.

7. to have finished mourning over.

S. In the play a funeral um is brought to the heroine, Elec-

tain the ashes of her brother Orestes.

9. The greatest of Greek tra- gedians, 495-406 B.C.

10. Or. argūmentum fābulae ita compositum est.

11. velutī... ferēns = believ- ing that she is carrying.

12. Par. mortem ēius crēditam.

13. vestītus, amictus.

14. The adjectives modify lūe- tā? as well as Iāmentis.

15. real sorrow.

IO 130 AULUS GELLIUS.

VI, s8. 125. Dē observātā custōdītāque apud Rōmānōs iūris iūrandī sānctimōniā; 2atque inibi dē decem captivīs,

Iūs iūrandum apud Rōmānōs inviolātē sānctēque habi- tum servātumque est. Id et mōribus lēgibusque multīs ostenditur, et hōc quod dīcēmus eī reī nōn tenue argū- mentum esse potest. Post proelium Cannēnse5 Hannibal, Carthāginiēnsium imperātor, ex captīvīs nostrīs ēlēctōs

decem Rōmam mīsit mandāvitque eīs fpactusque est ut,

I0

īS

sī populō Rōmānō vidērētur, permūtātiō fieret captīvōrum et ‘prō hīs quōs alterī plūrēs acciperent, darent argentī pondō lībram et sēlībram8. Hōc, priusquam proficīsce- rentur, iūs iūrandum eōs adēgitō, reditūrōs esse in castra Poenica, sī Rōmānī captīvōs nōn permūtārent.

Veniunt Rōmam decem captīvī. Mandātum Poenī imperātōris in senātū expōnunt. Permūtātiō senātuī nōn placita2. Parentēs, ucōgnātī adfīnēsque captīvōrum amplexī eōs, postlīminiōtē in patriam redīsse dīcēbant sta-

1. Remember that a perfect participle is often best trans- lated by a participial or verbal noun with of.

2. See 1133, n. I.

3. Found only in Gellius= iūre iūrandō.

4. lēgātōs māsit.

5. The battle of Cannae (216 B.C.), in which the Romans suf- fered a most disastrous defeat.

6. Par. pactum fēcit. cf. Eng. com-pact.

7. in return for those whom

either party should receive in ex- cess (of the other).

8. a halfpound.

9. to bind some one by an oath is usually expressed iāre iārandō aliquem adigere, but here adigō takes two accusatives. sc. est

10. ā”insmen and relatives.

11. by the right of postlimi- nium. By this is meant the right to resume one’s former place in civil affairs. NOCTES ATTICAE. 131

tumque eōrum integrum incolumemque esse, āc nē ad hostēs redīre vellent ōrābant. Tum octō ex hīs postlī- minium iūstum nōn esse sibi respondērunt quoniam dē- iūriō vinctī forentī, statimque, uti iūrātī erant ad Hannibalem profectī sunt. Duo reliquī Rōmae mānsē- runt solūtōsqueē esse sē āc līberātōs religiōnet dīcēbant, quoniam, cum ēgressī castra58 hostium fuissent, commen- tīciōē cōnsiliō regressī eōdemī, tamquam sī ob aliquam fortuītam causam, īssent atque ita iūre iūrandō satisfactō rūrsum iniūrātī8 abīssent. Haec eōrum fraudulenta“ calliditās tam esse turpis exīstimāta est, ut contemptī volgō discerptīque2 sint cēnsōrēsque eōs posteā omnium notārum'3 et damnīs et īgnōminiīs adfēcerint, quoniam l4quod factūrōs dēierāverant nōn fēcissent.

1. adācfī essent. 9. Whnat is the force of the

2. A deponent verb. suffix?

3. Ant. vinctōs. 10. cunning.

4. iāre iūrandō. 11. Par. ab omnibus.

5. Object of ēgressī fuissent, 12. reviled. which is used transitively. 13. nota = sign or marā, is

6. devised, false, preconcerted. here used of the mark against

7. Anadv.==in eundem locum. the name of a degraded citizen S. Ant. iārātī. on the censor:s list.

8. Par. quod sē factūrōs esse pactī erant.

P=

ō 132 AULUS GELLIUS.

vII, 17.

126. Quis omnium prīmus librōs pūblicē praebueritī legen- dōs2; quantusque numerus fuerit Athēnīs 3ante clādēs Persicās lībrōrum in bibliothēcīs pūblicīs.

Librōs Athēnīs disciplīnārum līberālium pūblicē ad

tust tyrannus.

5 legendum praebendōs prīmus posuisse dīcitur Pīsistra- Posteā studiōsius accūrātiusque ipsī

Athēniēnsēs auxērunt5; sed omnem illam posteā librō- rum cōpiam Xerxēs5, Athēnārum potītusī, urbe ipsā praeter arcem incēnsā, abstulit asportāvitqueē in Persās.

i0 Eōs porrōō librōs ūniversōs multīs post tempestātibus

Seleucus rēx, quī Nīcātor appellātus est, referendōs

Athēnās cūrāvitī.

Ingēns posteā numerus librōrum in Aegyptō ab Ptole- maeīs2 rēgibus “vel conquīsītus vel cōnfectus est ad mīlia

15 fermē volūminum septingenta; sed ea omnia bellō priōre

Alexandrīnō, dum dīripitur ea cīvitās, nōn sponte neque

1. dederit.

2. Remember that after verbs of giving, permitting, and the like, the gerundive in agreement with the object is used to express purpose.

3. Par. ante bella Persica.

4. Tyrant of Athens, 560-527 B.C. He adorned Athens with many beautiful public buildings and did much to encourage liter- ature.

5. sc. numerum librōrum as object. :

6. The famous invasion of Xerxes was in 480 B.C.

7. potior often takes the gen- itive.

S. For abs-portāvit.

9. posteā, deinde.

10. Ōne of Alexander’s gen- erals and founder of the Syrian monarchy, reigned 312-280 B.C.

11. cārō is used with the ac- cusative and gerundive express- ing purpose in the sense of to see to, order.

12. This applies especially to Ptolemy Soter (323-285 B.C.), and to his son Ptolemy Phila- delphus (285-247 B5.C)).

13. either collected or made.

14. 48-47 B.C. NOCTES ATTICAE. 133

operā cōnsultā, sed ā mīlitibus forte auxiliāribus incēnsa sunt?.

1. The library was soon re- stored and continued in a flour-

ishing condition until destroyed by the Arabs, 640 A.D.

IX, 3.

127. Epistula Philippī! rēgis ad Aristotelem2 philosophum super Alexandrōē recēnst nātō.

Philippus, Amyntaeē fīlius, terrae Macedoniae rēx, cūius virtūte industriāque Macetae, locuplētissimō im- periō auctī, ēgentium nātiōnumque multārum potīrī coepe- rant et cūius vim atque arma tōtī Graeciae cavenda metuendaque inclutael illae Dēmosthenis ōrātiōnēs cōn-

tiōnēsque2 vōcificant. is Philippus. cum in omnī ferē ) 5 :

tempore negōtiīs bellī victōriīsque adfectus exercitusque

esset, ā līberālī tamen Mūsā et ā studiīs hūmānitātis

g2īSēseē p- 125: . 2- 9. sc. esse. The participles

2. See p. 122, l.6. Alexander became the pupil of Aristotle and had the highest regard for him.

3. Alexander the Great (356- 323 B.C.), the well-known con- queror of the world.

4. An adverb= recenter, nā-

ter. 5. King of Macedon, 393- 369 B.C.

6. Macedonēs.

7. dītissimō.

S. The genitives depend upon potirī.

agree with vim atyue arma. The infinitives depend upon &vīēcifi- cant.

10. clārae.

11. The reference is to the famous orations known as the Philippics and Olynthiacs, by means of which Demosthenes vainly strove to resist the aggres- sions of Phnilip.

12. harangues.

13. dēmēōnstrant, dēclārant.

14. A perf. part. used as a predicate adjective = vexātus. IO

IS

134 AULUS GELLIUS.

numquam 3āfuit quīn1 2lepidē cōmiterque plēraque et faceret et dīceret. Feruntur adeōs librī epistulārum ēius, munditiae et venustātis et prūdentiae plēnārum, velut sunt illae litterae quibus Aristotelī philosophō nātum esse sibi Alexandrum nūntiāvit.

Ea epistula, quoniam ’cūrae dīligentiaeque in līberōrum disciplīnās hortāmentumē est, exscrībenda vīsa est ad com- monendōs parentum animōs. Expōnendaī est igitur ad hanc fermē sententiam:

“Philippus Aristotelī 5salūtem dīcit.

Fīlium mihi genitum scītō. Quodō equidem dīs habeō grātiamī nōn "proinde quia nātus est quam prō eō, quod nāscī contigit temporibus vītae tuae. Spērō enim fore ut, ēductus ērudītusque ā tē, dīgnus exsistat et nōbīs et 2rērum istārum susceptiōne.”

I1. ut nōn. 7. reddenda. Philip natu- 2. neatly and courteously. rally wrote in Greek. 3. vērō. . See idioms. 4. ē8legantiae. 9. acc. of specification, lit- 5. Objective genitives de- erally as to which. pending on hortāmentum. 10. See idioms. 6. What is the force of the 11. proinde ... quam = aequē suffix -nentum? or pariter... dc.

12. Par. suī rēgnā. NOCTES ATTICAE. 135

N. B. The remaining selections have for their purpose a final test of the ability to read at sight. They are not more difficult than those immediately preceding, but the accompanying notes contain no information bearing directly upon the transla- tion.

X,71. 128. Flūminum quae ūltrā imperium Rōmānum fluunt prīmā māgnitūdine esse Nīlum, secundā Histrumī, pro- ximā Rhodanum, sīcutī M. Varrōnem2 meminī scrībere.

Omnium flūminum quae in maria, quā imperium Rō- mānum est, fluunt, quamē Graecī rijv elou 6iXaccav appel- lant, māximum esse Nīlum cōnsentītur. Proximā māgni- tūdine esse Histrum scrīpsit sallustius3. vVarrō autem cum dē parte orbis quae Eurōpa dīcitur, dissereret, in tribus prīmīs ēius terrae flūminibus Rhodanum esse pōnit, per quod vidētur eum facere Histrō aemulum. Histros enim quoque in Eurōpā fluit.

1. The Danube. 4. The inner sea, i.e. the Med-
2. See p. 109, l. 5. iterranean.
3. The relative is here at- 5. C. Sallustius Crispus, the

tracted to agree with 6dNaccav. Roman historian, 86-34 B.C.

X, r0.

129. Quae ēius reī causa sit quod et Graecī veterēs et Rōmānī ānulum hōc digitō gestāverint quī est in manū sīnistrā minimō proximus.

Veterēs Graecōs ānulum habuisse in digitō accēpimus sinistrae manūs quī minimō est proximus. Rōmānōs quoque hominēs āiunt sīc plērumque ānulīs ūsitātōs. Causam esse hūius reī Apiōn in librīs Aegyptiacīs hanc

1. Apion, a Greek gramma- taught rhetoric at Rome in the

rian, was born in Egypt and ffirst century A.p. His work on studied at Alexandria. He Egypt was in five books.

3

ō IO

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136 AULUS GELLIUS.

dīcit, quod īnsectīs apertīsque hūmānīs corporibus, ut mōs in Aegyptō fuit, quās Graecī dvorouāst appellant, repertum est nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eō ūnō digitō dē quō dīximus, ad cor hominis pergere āc per- venīre; proptereā nōn īnscītum visum esse eum potissi- mum digitum tālī honōre decorandum, quī continēns et quasi cōnexus esse cum prīncipātū cordis vidērētur.

1. dissection.

xX; 25-

130. Historia dē populō Rōmānō dēque populō Poenicō, quod parī prope modum vigōre fuerint aemulī.

In thitterīs veteribus memoria exstat quod pār quondam fuit vigor et ācritūdō amplitūdōque populī Rōmānī atque Poenī. Neque immeritō aestimātum. Cum aliīs quidem populīs dē ūnīuscūiusque rē pūblicā, cum Poenīs autem dē omnium terrārum imperiō dēcertātum.

Ēius reī specimen est in illō utrīusque populī verbō factōque: Q. Fabiusī, imperātor Rōmānus, dedit ad Carthāginiēnsēs epistulam. Ibi scrīptum fuit populum Rōmānum mīsisse ad eōs hastam et cādūceum2, sīgna duo bellī aut pācis, ex quīs3 utrum vellent ēligerent; quod ēlēgissent, id ūnum ut esse missum exīstimārent. Carthāginiēnsēs respondērunt neutrum sēsē ēligere; sed posse, quī attulissent, utrum māllent relinquere; quod relīquissent, id sibi prō ēlēctō futūrum.

I. Quintus Fabius Maximus 2. The caduceus was a her- was most active against Hanni- ald’s staff, originally an olive bal in the Second Punic War. branch, and hence a sign of His extreme caution gave him peace.

the surname of Cunctator, or 3. A contraction for quibus. Delayer. He died 203 B.C. NOCTES ATTICAE. 137

M. autem Varrō* nōn hastam ipsam neque ipsum cādū- ceum missa dīcit, sed duās tesserulās, in quārum alterā cādūceum in alterā hastae simulācra fuerint incīsa.

I. See selection 1113, n. 2.

XI, 14. 1381. Sōbria et pulcherrima Rōmulīl rēgis respōnsiō circā vīnī ūsum.

Simplicissimā suāvitāte et reī et ōrātiōnis L. Pisō Frūgī ūsus est in prīmō Annālī, cum dē Rōmulī rēgis vītā atque vīctū scrīberet. Ea verba quae scrīpsit haec sunt: Eundem Rōmulum dīcunt, ad cēnam vocātum, ibi nōn multum bibisse, quia postrīdiē negōtium habēret. Eī dīcunt: “Rōmule, sī istud omnēs hominēs faciant, vīnum vīlius sit”” Hīs respondit: “Immō vērō cārum, sī quan- tum quisque volet bibat; nam egō bibī quantum voluī.”

1. Romulus, the chief founder and first king of Rome, 753 B.C.

2. Lucius Piso, surnamed Frugi, or “man of honor, be-

cause of his integrity, was trib- une 149 B.C. His Annals con- tained the history of Rome from the earliest period to his own age.

Xng s. 1382. Reditiōnēs in grātiam nōbilium virōrum memorātū dīgnae.

P. Āfricānus superior et Tiberius Gracchus, Tiberī

1. This refers to Scipio Afri- canus Major, born 234 B.C. He was unquestionably one of the greatest men of Rome. His greatest exploit was his brilliant victory over Hannibal, 202 B.C.

See pp. 69-35.

2. Tiberius Gracchus, a dis- tinguished general who won re- nown in Spain and Sardinia. He was triībune, praetor, censor, and twice consul. His public life was embraced between the years 187 and 163 s.C.

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138 AULUS GELLIUS.

et C. Gracchōrum' pater, rērum gestārum māgnitūdine et honōrum atque vītae dīgnitāte inlūstrēs virī, dissēnsē- runt saepenumerō dē rē pūblicā et eā sīve quā aliā rē nōn amicī fuērunt. Ēa simultās cum diū mānsisset et sollemnī diē epulum Iovī lībārētur atque ob id sacrificium senātus in Capitōliō epulārētur, fors fuit ut apud eandem mēnsam duo illī iūnctim locārentur. Tum, quasi diīs immortālibus arbitrīs in convīviō Iovis optimī māximī dexterās eōrum condūcentibus, repente amīcissimī factī. Neque sōlum amīcitia incepta, sed adfīnitās simul īnsti- tūta; nam P. Scīpiō fīliam virginem habēns iam virō mātūram, ibi tunc eōdem in locō dēspondit eam Tiberiō Gracchō, quem probāverat ēlēgeratque explōrātissimō iūdicī tempore dum inimīcus esset.

Aemilius quoque Lepidus2 et Fulvius Flaccusō, nōbilī genere amplissimīsque honōribus āc summō locō in cīvi- tāte praeditī, odiō inter sēsē gravī et simultāte diūtinā cōnflīctātī sunt. Posteā populus eōs simul cēnsōrēs facit. Atque illī, ubi vōce praecōnis renūntiātī sunt, ibīdem in Campōt statim, nōndum dīmissā cōntiōne, ūltrō uterque et parī voluntāte coniūnctī complexīque sunt, exque eō

1. These are the famous trib- unes who gave their lives in a vain attempt to redress the wrongs of the people. Tiberius was killed by a mob, 133 58.C., Caius, r21 s.C.

2. A distinguished Roman who died 152 B.C., full of years and honors.

3. Gellius is mistaken in the man. It should be M. Fulvius

Nobilior, who was censor with Lepidus, 179 B.C. Livy, the Ro- man historian, tells this story about them, Bk. XL, 45 and 46.

4. The Campus Martius, a large plain outside the city walls in the bend of the Tiber, north- west of the Capitoline. It was used for elections and large assemdblies. NOCTES ATTICAE 139

diē et in ipsā cēnsūrā et posteā iūgī concordiā fīdissimē amīcissimēque vīxērunt.

XIII, 2.

1383. Super poētārum Pācuvīl et Accī2 conloquiō familiārī in oppidō Tarentīnō.

Quibus ōtium et studium fuit vītās atque aetātēs doc- tōrum hominum quaerere āc memoriae trādere, dē M. Pācuviō et L. Acciō tragicīs poētīs historiam scrīpsērunt hūiuscemodī: “Cum Pācuvius,” inquiunt, “grandī iam aetāte et morbō corporis diūtinō adfectus, Tarentumē ex urbe Rōmā concessisset, Accius tunc, haud parvō iūnior, proficīscēns in Asiam, cum in oppidum vēnisset, dēvertit ad Pācuvium cōmiterque invītātus plūsculīsque ab eō diēbus retentus, tragoediam suam, cui Atreus nōmen est, dēsīderantī lēgit” Tum Pācuvium dīxisse āiunt sonōra quidem esse quae scrīpsisset, et grandia; sed vidērī tamen ea sibi dūriōra paulum et acerbiōra. “Ita est,” inquit Accius, “utī dīcis; neque id mē sānē paenitet: meliōra enim fore spērō quae posteā scrībam. Nam quod in pōmīs, itidem,” inquit, “esse āiunt in inge- niīs; quae dūra et acerba nāscuntur, post fīunt mītia et iūcunda; sed quae gīgnuntur statim viēta et mollia atque in prīncipiō sunt ūvida, nōn mātūra mox fiunt, sed putria.

I1. See p. 114, l. s. are spoken of in terms of admira- 2. Lucius Accius, an early tion by the ancient writers. Roman tragic poet, was born 3. A large city in southern

170 B.C. We possess only frag- Italy. ments of his tragedies, but they IO

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AULUS GELLIUS.

Relinquendum igitur vīsum est in ingeniō quod diēs

atque aetās mītificet.”

1. Dr. Knapp, in his edition of Gellius, aptly quotes as fol- lows from a modern critic: “The

nothing turgid, no ungraceful ornament or flashy rhetoric, will never do much as a writer.”

young man whose essay shows

xXvī, xē. 134. Dē novō genere interitūs Crotōniēnsis Milōnis.

Milōt Crotōniēnsis?, āthlēta inlūstris, quem in Chroni- cīs scrīptum est 5Olympiade LXII prīmum corōnātum esse, exitum habuit ē vītā miserandum et mīrandum. Cum iam nātū grandis artem āthlēticam dēsīsset iterque faceret forte sōlus in locīs ītaliae silvestribus, quercum vīdit proximē viam patulīs in parte mediā rīmīs hiantem. Tum experīrī, crēdō, etiam tunc volēns, an ūllae sibi reliquae vīrēs adessent, immissīs in cavernās arboris digitīs, dīdūcere et rescindere quercum cōnātus est. Āc mediam quidem partem dīscidit dīvellitque; quercus autem in duās dīducta partīs, cum ille, quasi perfectō.

1. Milo was one of the most famous athletes of ancient times. He was six times victor in wrest- ling at the Olympic games and six times at the Pythian. His bodily strength was extraordi- nary, and many stories are told of his wonderful feats, such as carrying a heifer of four years old on his shoulder through the stadium at Olympia.

2. Croton, or Crotona, was one of the largest and most pow-

erful towns in southern Italy. It owed much of its greatness to Pythagoras, the famous philos- opher, who established his school here.

3. The Olympic games were first celebrated 776 B.C., and thereafter every fourth year. The intervening four years was called an Olympiad. The LXII Olympiad, therefore, would be the years 532-528 B.C. NOCTES ATTICAE. 141

quod erat cōnīxus, manūs laxāsset, cessante vī rediit in nātūram, manibusque ēius retentīs inclūsīsque, stricta dē- nuō et cohaesa dīlacerandum hominem ferīs praebuit.

XvV, s8.

1385. Quod pūgnal bellī cīvīlis victōriaque Gāī Caesaris quam vīcit in Pharsāliīs campīs, nūntiāta praedictaque est per cūiuspiam sacerdōtis vāticinium eōdem ipsō diē in ītaliā Patavī2.

Quō C. Caesar et Cn. Pompēius diē per cīvīle bellum sīgnīs conlātīs in Thessaliā cōnflīxērunt, rēs accidit Patavī in Trānspadāna ītaliā memorārī dīgna. Cornē- lius quīdam sacerdōs, et nōbilis et sacerdōtī religiōnibus venerandus et castitāte vītae sānctus, repente 2mōtā mente, cōnspicere sē procul dīxit pūgnam ācerrimam pūgnārī, āc deinde aliōs cēdere aliōs urgēre, caedem, fugam, tēla volantia, īnstaurātiōnem pūgnae, impressiōnem, gemitūs, volnera, proinde ut sī ipse in proeliō versārētur, cōram vidēre sēsē vōciferātus est āc posteā subitō exclāmāvit Caesarem vīcisse.

Ea Cornēlī sacerdōtis hariolātiō levis tum quidem vīsa est et vēcors. Māgnae mox admīrātiōnī fuit quoniam nōn modo pūgnae diēs quae in Thessaliā pūgnāta est, neque proelī exitus quī erat praedictus, īdem fuit, sed omnēs quoque pūgnandī vicissitūdinēs et ipsa exercituum

1. This refers to the battle of 3. The ancients believed that Pharsalia in Thessaly, 48 B.C., in the minds of men could be which Caesar defeated Pompey moved or inspired by the gods and became master of the world. to prophesy. This was called

2. Patavium, now Padua, was, vāticinium or hariolātiō.

under the Romans, the most im- portant city in northern Italy.

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duōrum cōnflīctātiō vāticinantis mōtū atque verbīs re- praesentāta est.

xXvII, 157.

136. Mithradātemī, Pontī rēgem, duārum et vīgintī gentium linguīs locūtum; Quīntumque Ennium2? tria corda habēre sēsē dīxisse quod trīs linguās scīret, Graecam, Ōscam, Latīnam.

Quīntus Ennius tria corda habēre sēsē dīcēbat quod loquī Graecē et Oscē et Latīnē scīret. Mithradātēs autem, 5Pontī atque Bīthȳniae rēx inclutus, quī ā Cn. Pompēiō bellō superātus est, duārum et vīgintī gentium quās sub diciōne habuit, linguīs locūtus est eārumque omnium gentium cum virīs haud umquam per interpretem conlocūtus est, sed ut quemque ab eō appellārī ūsus fuit, proinde linguā et ōrātiōne ipsīus nōn minus scītē quam sī gentīlis ēius esset, locūtus est.

1. Mithradates, surnamed the Great, made three wars against the Romans. He was finally subdued by Pompey, 65 B.C. Cicero calls him the greatest of all kings after Alexander.

2. Ennius, 239-169 B.C., was regarded by the Romans as the

father of their poetry. His most important work was an epic poem called the Annals, being a history of Rome. All his works are lost excepting a few fragments.

3. Pontus and Bithynia are provinces in Asia Minor.

XIX, 3. 187. Quod turpius est frīgidē laudārī quam acerbius vituperārī.

Turpius esse dīcēbat Favōrīnust philosophus exiguē atque frīgidē laudārī quam īnsectanter et graviter vitupe-

1. One of Gellius’ teachers, see p. rc6. NOCTES ATTICAE. 143

rārī: “Quoniam,” inquit, “quī maledīcit et vituperat, quantō id acerbius facit tantō magis ille prō inimīcō et inīquō dūcitur, et plērumque, proptereā, fidem nōn capit. Sed quī īnfēcundē atque iēiūnē laudat, dēstituī ā causā vidētur et tamīcus quidem crēditur ēius quem laudāre volt, sed nihil posse reperīre quod iūre laudet.”

I. cf. our expression, ‘to damn a friend with faint praise.’

XxXāx5ī.

188. Quam dīversae Graecōrum sententiae super numerō Niobael fīliōrum.

Mīra et prope adeō rīdicula dīversitās fābulae apud Graecōs poētās dēprēnditur super numerō Niobae fīliō- rum. Nam Homērus2 puerōs puellāsque ēius bis sēnōs dīcit fuisse, Eurīpidēsē bis septēnōs, Sapphōt bis novēnōs, Bacchylidēs5 et Pindarusē bis dēnōs, quīdam aliī scrīptō- rēs trēs fuisse sōlōs dīxērunt.

1. Niobe, the wife of Am- cles as the foremost writer of

phion, the king of Thebes, being proud of the number of her chil- dren, deemed herself superior to Latona, who had but two, Apol- lo and Diana. As a punishment her children were all killed by the shafts of the archer god and his sister.

2. Homer, the great epic poet of Greece, may have lived about 900 B.C.

3. Euripides followed Sopho-

Greek tragedy, 480-406 B.C.

4. Sappho, the greatest of an- cient poetesses, lived in the sev- enth century B.C. and vwrote lyrics.

5. Bacchylides, one of the great lyric poets of Greece, flour- ished about 470 5B.C.

6. Pindar, the greatest lyric poet of Greece, was born about 522 B.C. [OCR skipped on page(s) 164-170]