kirtland_cicero.md

title	author	date	lang	edited	license	original_scan	notes
Selections from the Correspondence of Cicero	J.C. Kirtland, Jr.	1898	la	false	CC-BY-SA 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/	https://www.google.com/books/edition/Selections_from_the_correspondence_of_Ci/L8oAAAAAYAAJ

SELECTIONS FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

I. ROMAN POLITICS (Att. i1. 1.1, 2).

Cicerō Atticō Sal.

Petītiōnis nostrae, quam tibi summae cūrae esse sciō,

hūius modī ratiō est, quod possit. mōre māiōrum neggātur.

adhūc coniectūrā prōvidērī

Prēnsat ūnus P. Galba; sine fūcō ac fallāciīs Ut opīniō est hominum, nōn

aliēna ratiōnī nostrae fuit illīus haec praepropera prēn-

sātiō. dīcant.

crēbrēscit, plūrimōs nostrōs amīcōs inveniīrī.

Nam illī ita negant vulgō ut mihi sē dēbēre Ita quiddam spērō nōbīs prōficī, cum hōc per-

Nōs autem

initium prēnsandī facere cōgitārāmus eō ipsō tempore

I. Written in July, 65 B.C. Cicero had been praetor the previous year. The year folīowing the tenure of the praetorship was usually spent either as governor of a province (propraetor) or in seeking political support that would justify candidacy for the consulship. Atticus had now been living in Athens for more than twenty years. 1. Petitionis, candi- dature, sc. for the consulship of 63 B.C. 2. ratio, condition, prospects. — quod... possit, restrictive, so far as. 3. Prensat, is making an active canvass,; notice the effect of

the position of Petitionis nostrae (1), Prensat, and Nos (8). —sine fuco ac fallaciis more maiorum, in the good old-fashioned way, with- out dissimulation and deceit. 5. ra- tioni, advantage, interest. — prae- propera, precipitate. 6. ita... ut... dicant, with the explana- tion that. 7. profici, = prodesse. — percrebrescit, is spread abroad. 9. cogitaramus, dicebat, epistolary tenses. — tempore: the election of tribunes, the first election of the year, called together a large con- course of citizens; the active can-

15

IO

I5

a5

16 CORRESPŌONDENCE OF CICERŌ.

quō tuum puerum cum hīs litterīs proficīscī Cīncius dīcē- bat, in campō comitiīs tribūnīciīs a. d. xvi. Kalend. Sex- tīlīss. Competītōrēs quī certī esse videantur Galba et Antōnius et Q. Cornificius. Putō tē in hōc aut rīsisse aut ingemuisse; ut frontem feriās, sunt quī etiam Cae- sōnium putent. Aquīlium nōn arbitrāmur, quī dēnegat et iūrāvit morbum et illud suum rēgnum iūdiciāle op- Catilīna, sī iūdicātum erit merīdiē nōn lūcēre, certus erit competītor. Dē Aufidiō et dē Palīcānō nōn putō tē exspectāre dum scrībam. Dē iīs quī nunc petunt, Caesar certus putātur. Thermus cum Sīlānō contendere exīstimātur, quī sīc inopēs et ab amīcīs et ab exīstimātiōne sunt ut mihi videātur nōn esse aēōvvarov Curium obdūcere, sed hōc praeter mē nēminī vidētur. Nostrīs ratiōnibus māximē condūcere vidētur Thermum fierī cum Caesare. Nēmō est enim ex iīs quī nunc petunt quī, sī in nostrum annum reciderit, fīrmior can-

posuit.

vass commonly began at this time, but the formal announcement of can- didacy (professio), corresponding to nomination with us, was not made until seventeen days before the election. 10. puerum, slave, man. 12. certi: of those named in this letter, these three and Catiline ran. Cicero and Antonius were elected. 16. iuravit morbum, has sworn that he is too ill.— regnum iudi- ciale: Aquilius was a famous jurist. 17. Catilina: he was under accusa- tion of malversation in office, and was consequently not eligible; that Cicero believed him guilty is clear from si ... lucere. 19. nunc pe-

tunt, i.e. as candidates for the con- sulship of 64 s.c. 20. Caesar, L. Julius Caesar, who voted in 63 s.C. for the execution of his brother-in- law Lentulus and the ‘ther Catilina- rian conspirators. His colleague in the consulship was, as appears from the next letter, one C. Marcius Figu- lus, but this is commonly supposed to have been the name assumed by Thermus on adoption into the Mar- cian gens. — Silano: Silanus was consul in 62 B.C., and as consul elect moved Dec. sth, 63 B.C., the execu- tion of the conspirators. 21. ab, in respect to. 22. āēōvarov, impossible. 26. candidatus: the candidate for

ROMAN POLITICS. 17

didātus fore videātur, proptereā quod cūrātor est viae Flāminiae, quae tum erit absolūta sānē facile. Eum libenter nunc Caesarī cōnsulem addiderim. Petītōrum haec est adhūc īnfōrmāta cōgitātiō. Nōs in omnī mūnere candidātōriō fungendō summam adhibēbimus dīligentiam et fortasse, quoniam vidētur in suffrāgiīs multum posse Gallia, cum Rōmae ā iūdiciīs forum re- frīxerit, excurrēmus mēnse Septembrī lēgātī ad Pīsōnem, Cum perspēxerō voluntātēs nōbilium, scrībam ad tē. Cētera spērō prōlixa esse, hīs dumtaxat urbānīs competītōribus. Illam manum tū mihi cūrā ut praestēs, quoniam propius abes, Pompēī,

ut Iānuāriō revertāmur.

nostrī amīcī. comitia nōn vēnerit.

public office was so called because custom required that he should wear a new toga or one newly whitened (toga candida)y. 27. curator, super- intendent.— viae Flaminiae, the great northern road, took its name from the C. Flaminius who com- manded the Romans in the disas- trous battle of Lake Trasumennus; it terminated at Ariminum on the upper Adriatic. 28. sane, very. 30. informata cogitatio, the opinion that I have formed, or my general impression. 33. Gallia, sc. Cispa- dana; Caesar finally secured the right of suffrage to the rest of Cis- alpine Gaul in 49 B.C. — refrix- erit, refrigesco, frigus. The last four months of the year were given up almost altogether to the celebra- tion of various festivals, and the CORr. OF CIC. —2

Negā mē eī īrātum fore, sī ad mea

courts of law had a long vacation at that time. 34. legati: Cicero had in mind a libera legatio, by vir- tue of which a senator might travel in the provinces with all the privi- leges and perquisites of an ambassa- dor, but without public responsibility. — Pisonem, C. Calpurnius Piso, at this time governor of Narbonese Gaul. 36. nobilium: these in their fear of Catiline and the revolution- ists cast their votes and influence for Cicero. — prolixa, favoraōdle. 37. dumtaxat, at least. — urba- nis, civilians. — manum, the staff of Pompey, who was now conduct- ing the campaign against Mithri- dates in accordance with the pro- visions of the Manilian Law of 66 B.C. 38. propius abes, i.e. a Pom-

peio.

30

35

40 I0

18

II.

CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

CICERO AND CATILINE (Att. 1. 2).

Cicerō Atticō Sal.

L. Iūliō Caesare C. Mārciō Figulō cōnsulibus fīliolō

mē auctum scītō salvā Terentiā. Ego dē meīs ad tē ratiōnibus scrīpsī anteā Hōc tempore Catilīnam, competītōrem no- strum, dēfendere cōgitāmus. voluimus, summā accūsātōris voluntāte.

litterārum! dīligenter.

Abs tē tam diū nihil

Iūdicēs habēmus quōs Spērō, si ab-

solūtus erit, coniūnctiōrem illum nōbīs fore in ratiōne

petītiōnis; sīn aliter acciderit, hūmāniter ferēmus. adventū nōbīs opus est mātūrō.

Tuō

Nam prōrsus summa

hominum est opīniō tuōs familiārīs, nōbilīs hominēs,

adversāriōs honōrī nostrō fore. mihi conciliandam māximō tē mihi ūsuī fore videō.

Ad eōrum voluntātem

Quā

rē Iānuāriō mēnse, ut cōnstituistī, cūrā ut Rōmae sīs.

II. 1. consulibus, sc. designatis. The child appears to have been born on the day of the election of con- suls for 64 R.C., and the abl. abs. not only indicates the date of the domes- tic event, but makes known to Atti- cus the result of the election also. — fiīlīolo me auctum, 7 was blessed

in the birth of a little son. 3. antea,

in the preceding letter. mus:

5. cogita-

it is not known for certain

vwhether Cicero defended Catiline,

but that he should have contem- plated it after expressing so strongly his belief in Catiline’s guilt seems a little strange. We must remember, however, that impeachment was in large measure a matter of politics.

Cicero appears in this letter as still coquetting with the popular party. Even more surprising is the shame- less avowal of his willingness to profit by the collusion of jury and prosecu- tor. 6. accusatoris, Clodius, later a leader of the popular party. He it was who carried the bill banish- ing Cicero, and Cicero defended his murderer, T. Annius Milo, in the speech that has come down to us in an elaborated version (pro Milone). 7. in ratione petitionis, in the con- duct of the canvass. 8. humaniter, as befits a man, i.e. with equanim- ity. 9. prorsus, intensities summa. 11. honori, election. 13. Romae sis: Atticus seems to have com-

AN ANGRY FRIEND. I9

III.

Q. Metellus Q. F. Celer Prōcōs. S. D. M. Tulliō Cicerōnī.

AN ANGRY FRIEND (Fam. 5. 1).

Sī valēs, bene est. Exīstimāram prō mūtuō inter nōs animō et prō reconciliātā grātiā nec absentem lūdibriō laesum īrī nec Metellum frātrem ob dictum capite ac fortūnīs per tē oppūgnātum īrī. Quem sī parum pudor ipsīus dēfendēbat, dēbēbat vel familiae nostrae dīgnitās vel meum studium ergā vōs remque pūblicam satis sub-

levāre.

ā quibus minimē conveniēbat.

Nunc videō illum circumventum, mē dēsertum

Itaque in lūctū et squā-

lōre sum, quī prōvinciae, quī exercituī praesum, quī

bellum gerō.

Quae quoniam nec ratiōne nec māiōrum

nostrōrum clēmentiā administrāstis, nōn erit mīrandum

plied, and to have remained at Rome for three years, for there are extant no letters ad Att. dating from the time of this one to the Kalends of January, 61 s.C.

III. Written in January, 62 s.C. Q. Metellus Celer was praetor 63 B.C. and rendered valuable assist- ance in the suppression of the con- spiracy of Catiline. Whnen Cicero relinquished Macedonia to Antonius, it became necessary that one of the praetors should be given a consular province, and Cicero seems to have contrived that this province, Cisal- pine Gaul, should fall to Metellus. The brother of Metellus Celer, Q. Metellus Nepos, in his capacity of tribune had forbidden Cicero to make a farewell address to the people on laying down the consul-

ship, on the ground that he had put citizens to death unheard, and had continued to attack him. Cicero finally replied in a sarcastic speech, which is not extant, and it is to this speech that our letter refers. Q. F. (greeting), Quinti filius. Procos. (greeting) : Metellus, although he had not yet held the consulship, was adniinistering a consular prov- ince, i.e. a province in which a military force was stationed. 2. ab- sentem, sc. me. 3. capite, civil rights. 6. vos, you and your politi- cal friends; notice the changes of number. 8. squalore, a sign of mourning, but the word is not here to be understood literally Mourn- ing was worn among the Romans by those whom disgrace threatened. 10. ratione, in a reasonable way.

IŌ .I0

20 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

sī vōs paenitēbit. Tē tam mōbilī in mē meōsque esse animō nōn spērābam. Mē intereā nec domesticus dolor nec cūiusquam iniūria ab rē pūblicā abdūcet.

IV. WOUNDED PRIDE (am. s5. ?)

M. Tullius M. F. Cicerō S. D. Cn. Pompēiō Cn. F. Māgnō Imperātōrī.

S. T. E. Q. V. B. E. ExX litterīs tuīs, quās pūblicē mīsistī, cēpī ūnā cum omnibus incrēdibilem voluptātem. Tantam enim spem ōtī ostendistī quantam ego semper omnibus tē ūnō frētus pollicēbar. Sed hōc scītō, tuōs veterēs hostīs, novōs amīcōs vehementer litterīs per- culsōs atque ex māgnā spē dēturbātōs iacēre. Ad mē autem litterās quās mīsistī, quamquam exiguam sīgnifi- cātiōnem tuae ergā mē voluntātis habēbant, tamen mihi scītō iūcundās fuisse. Nūllā enim rē tam laetārī soleō quam meōrum officiōrum cōnscientiā, quibus sī quandō nōn mūtuē respondētur, apud mē plūs officī residēre facillimē patior. Illud nōn dubitō, quīn, sī tē mea summa ergā tē studia parum mihi adiūnxerint, rēs pū-

13. sperabam, opprehend. — inte- Pompey’s reply. 1. S. T. E. Q.V.

rea, adversative, but without the loss of temporal force.

IV. Probably written in April, 62 B.C., Pompey had brought the Mithridatic War to a successful con- clusion, but was still in the East. Cicero had written to him a full account of the events of 63 s.C., and was disappointed and chagrined by what he considered the lack of ap- preciation of his services shown in

B. Ē,, si tu exercitusque valetis, bene est.— publice, offcially; these dis- patches were addressed to the mag- istrates and senate. 3. oti, peace. — semper, e.g. in the Oratio ae Imperio Cn. Pompei. 6. deturba- tos, cast down. 1t1. non mutue respondetur, no return is made. — plus, the balance. 13. studia: the use of the plu. implies that Cicero had manifested his seal in

CICERO SLIGHTED BY A CONSUL. 2I

blica nōs inter nōs conciliātūra coniūnctūraque sit. Ac nē īgnōrēs quid ego in tuīs litterīs dēsīderārim, scrībam apertē, sīcut et mea nātūra et nostra amīcitia postulat. Rēs eās gessī quārum aliquam in tuīs litterīs et nostrae necessitūdinis et reī pūblicae causā grātulātiōnem ex- spectāvī, quam ego abs tē praetermissam esse arbitror quod verēbāre nē cūius animum offenderēs. Sed scītō ea quae nōs prō salūte patriae gessimus orbis terrae iūdiciō ac testimōniō comprobārī, quae, cum vēneris, tantō cōnsiliō tantāque animī māgnitūdine ā mē gesta esse cōgnōscēs ut tibi, multō māiōrī quam ffricānus fuit, mē, nōn multō minōrem quam Laelium, facile et in rē pūblicā et in amīcitiā adiūnctum esse patiāre.

V. CICERO SLIGHTED BY A CONSUL (Att. 1. 13. 1, 2).

Cicerō Atticō Stal.

Accēpī tuās trīs iam epistulās: ūnam ā M. Cornē- liō, quam Tribus Tabernīs, ut opīnor, eī dedistī; alte-

spirators had been little to the liking of the populace. 25. Laelium, at- tracted to me. Thne friendship of C. Laelius the Wise and the younger Africanus had been unusually close and enduring, and was later cele- brated by Cicero in the essay de Amicitia.

V. Written January 25th, 61 B.C. Atticus had just returned to Greece, and had written to Cicero several

Pompey?s interest on more than one occasion. — res publica, our pa- triotism. 15. desiderarim, missed. 17. Res eas, the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy. i18. neces- situdinis, intimacy. 20. animum offenderes: Pompey was at this time, or was thought to be, in sym- pathy with the purposes of the de- mocratic leaders (cf. veteres hostis, novos amicosy. He had at any rate

to look to the populace for his sup- port, and the execution of the con-

times during the journey. 2. Tribus Tabernis, an inn on the Via Appia,

25 IO

IS

20

22 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

ram, quam mihi Canusīnus tuus hospes reddidit; tertiam, quam, ut scrībis, ancorā solūtā dē phasēlō dedistī. Quae fuērunt omnēs, ut rhētorum puerī loquuntur, cum hū- mānitātis sparsae sale, tum īnsīgnēs amōris notīs. Quibus epistulīs sum equidem abs tē lacessītus ad re- scrībendum, sed idcircō sum tardior, quod nōn inveniō fidēlem tabellārium. Quotus enim quisque est quī epistulam paulō graviōrem ferre possit, nisi eam per- lēctiōne relevārit? Accēdit eō quod mihi nōn prōdest, ut quisque in Ēpīrum proficīscitur. Ego enim tē arbi- tror caesīs apud Amalthēam tuam vīctimīs statim esse ad Sicyōnem oppūgnandum profectum. Neque tamen id ipsum certum habeō, quandō ad Antōnium proficī- scāre aut quid in Ēpīrō temporis pōnās. Ita neque Achāicīs hominibus neque FĒpīrōticīs paulō līberiōrēs litterās committere audeō. Sunt autem post discessum ā mē tuum rēs dīgnae litterīs nostrīs, sed nōn commit- tendae ēius modī perīculō, ut aut interīre aut aperīrī aut Prīmum

intercipī possint.

between thirty and forty miles from Rome. 3. Canusinus tuus hospes, your host at Canusium. 4. ancora soluta: fo weigh anchor is regularly ancoram tollere.— phaselo, a nar- row, usually light vessel, so named from its resemblance in shape to a kidney bean. 5. humanitatis... sale, elegant wit. 6. notis, tokens. 7. lacessitus, importuned. 9. Quo- tus... quisque est, how many are there? 10. graviorem: there is a play upon the two meanings heavy and important. —perlectione, peru-

igitur scītō prīmum mē nōn

sal; this is the only occurrence of the word. 13. Amaltheam, the villa of Atticus near Buthrotum in Epirus, or the library of the villa simply; the name evidently has ref- erence to the nymph Amalthea, but its exact signification is not known. Atticus was intending to enforce payment of taxes or loans due him from the Sicyonians, and Cicero likens him to a general sacrificing before starting for the seat of war. 15. Antonium, governor of Macedo-

nia. 16. ponas, spend. 2I. pos-

CICERO SLIGHTED BY A CONSUL. 23

esse rogātum sententiam praepositumque esse nōbīs pācificātōrem Allobrogum, idque admurmurante senātū neque mē invītō esse factum. Sum enim et ab obser- vandō homine perversō līber et ad dīgnitātem in rē pū- blicā retinendam contrā illīus voluntātem solūtus, et ille secundus in dīcendō locus habet auctōritātem paene prīncipis et voluntātem nōn nimis dēvinctam beneficiō cōnsulis. Tertius est Catulus, quārtus, sī etiam hōc quaeris, Hortēnsius. Cōnsul autem ipse parvō animō et prāvō, tantum cavillātor genere illō mōrōsō quod etiam sine dicācitāte rīdētur, faciē magis quam facētiīs rīdiculus, nihil agēns cum rē pūblicā, sēiūnctus ab opti- mātibus, ā quō nihil spērēs bonī reī pūblicae, quia nōn vult, nihil spērēs malī, quia nōn audet. Fius autem conlēga et in mē perhonōrificus et partium studiōsus ac dēfēnsor bonārum.

sint: the logical subject is litterae. — primum ... sententiam: the presiding magistrate in taking a vote called first upon the princeps senatus, consules designati, consula- res, in this order, and he might honor some particular consularis by calling upon him among the first. The magistrates of the year had no vote. in the preceding consulship Cicero had led the consulares, but the new consul had conferred this honor upon his brother, the Piso men- tioned in I. 34. 23. pacificatorem Allobrogum, ironical; while gov- erning Narbonese Gaul as proconsul Piso had put down an insurrection

It seems likely that!...

of the Allobroges. —aūdmurmurante, in disapproval. 24. observando, de- ferring to. 28. principis, sc. leci. 29. Catulus, later princeps senatus, and the most upright and uncompro- mising of the Optimates. 30. Hor- tensius, the famous orator, long a rival of Cicero. 31. cavillator, a mocker. 32. dicacitate, wit. —facie ridiculus, a man aho excites laughter more by his ary face than by his witticisms. 33. cum re publica, in the interest of the state, the res publica being personified. 36. con- lega, Messalla. — perhonorificus, very respectful. — partium... bo- narum, = optimatium, bonorum; in the sense of party commonly plu.

25

30

35 IO

I5

24 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERŌ.

VI. A LOST LETTER cAtt. 2.8).

Cicerō Atticō Sial.

Epistulam cum ā tē avidē exspectārem ad vesperum, ut soleō, ecce tibi nūntius puerōs vēnisse Rōmā. Vocō; quaerō, ecquid litterārum.. Negant. Quid ais, inquam, nihilne ā Pompōniō? Perterritī vōce et vultū cōnfessī sunt sē accēpisse, sed excidisse in viā Quid quaeris? Permolestē tulī. Nūlla enim abs tē per hōs diēs epistula inānis aliquā rē ūtilī et suāvī vēnerat. Nunc sī quid in eā epistulā quam ante diem xvi. Kal. Māiās dedistī fuit historiā dīgnum, scrībe quam prīmum, nē īgnōrē- mus; sīn nihil praeter iocātiōnem, redde id ipsum. Et scītō Cūriōnem adulēscentem vēnisse ad mē salūtātum. Valdē ēius sermō dē Pūbliō cum tuīs litterīs congruēbat. Ipse vērō mīrandum in modum

— rēgēs ōdisse superbōs. Peraequē nārrābat incēnsam esse iuventūtem neque

ferre haec posse. Bene habēmus nōs, sī in hīs spēs est. Opīnor, aliud agāmus. Ego mē dō historiae. Quam-

VI. Written in April, 59 B.C., from Cicero’s villa near Antium. Atticus was now at Rome. tibi, looĒ you; tiōi is ethical da- tive. — pueros venisse, ind. disc.

with implied verb. 4. Pompo- nio, Atticus nomen. 38. dedisti, dispatched. 9. historia dignum, especially important. r10. iocatio-

nem, joking. — redde, make good, i.e. by repeating it in another let- ter. 11. Curionem, a most dissolute

2. ecce!..

young man, who later became an ar- dent supporter of Caesar. 12. Valde . congruebat, entirely agreed. — Publio, Clodius. 14. reges, quoted from Lucilius and used here of the so-called First Triumvirate. 15. Peraeque, to quite the same de- gree. 17. Opinor, aliud agamus, in my opinion we should do uwell to eschew politics.— historiae: the exact nature of this work is un- known, but it may have been an

CICERO LONGS FOR NEWS OF ROME. 25

quam licet mē Saufēium putēs esse, nihil mē est iner- Sed cōgnōsce itinera nostra, ut statuās ubi nōs vīsūrus sīs. In Formiānum volumus venīre Parīlibus. Inde, quoniam putās praetermittendum nōbīs esse hōc tempore Crātēra illum dēlicātum, Kal. Māiīs dē Formi- ānō proficīscēmur, ut Antiī sīmus a. d. v. Nōnās Māiās. Lūdī enim Antiī futūrī sunt ā imnn ad pr. Nōnās Māiās. Eōs Tullia spectāre vult. Inde cōgitō in Tūsculānum, deinde Arpīnum, Rōmam ad Kal. Iūniās. Tē aut in Formiānō aut Antiī aut in Tūsculānō cūrā ut videā- mus. Epistulam superiōrem restitue nōbīs et appinge aliquid novī.

tius.

VII. CICERO LONGS FOR NEWS OF ROME

(from Att. 2. 1ī1). Cicerō Atticō sal.

Nārrō tibi: plānē relēgātus mihi videor posteā quam in Formiānō sum. Diēs enim nūllus erat, Antiī cum

attack upon Caesar, and not in- tended for publication. 18. Sau- feium: he seems to have had the reputation of letting slip no occa- sion for writing. 19. itinera, itin- 20. Formianum, my villa at Formiae; it was near this villa that Cicero was put to death. — Pari- libus, a festival celebrated April 21st in honor of Pales, the Italian goddess of shepherds. The date of this festival was that given by tra- dition for the founding of Rome. 22. Cratera, the Sinus Cumanus;

erary.

Cicero had been taunted by Clodius with reference to a visit to Baiae,

20

25

the most famous and frivolous of

ancient watering places, and may have had a villa in this vicinity. — delicatum, charming, or per- haps, seductive. 25. Inde, sc. ire. — Tusculanum, Cicero’s favorite villa at Tusculum. 26. Arpinum, his birthplace. 28. appinge, ad4. VII. Written during the visit to his Formian villa. 1. plane rele- gatus, actually banished; relegatio was a milder punishment than exsi-

IO

IS

26 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

essem, quō diē nōn melius scīrem Rōmae quid agerētur quam iī quī erant Rōmae. Etenim litterae tuae nōn sōlum quid Rōmae, sed etiam quid in rē pūblicā, neque sōlum quid fieret, vērum etiam quid futūrum esset indi- cābant. Nunc, nisi sī quid ex praetereunte viātōre exceptum est, scīre nihil possumus. Quā rē quamquam iam tē ipsum exspectō, tamen istī puerō, quem ad mē statim iussī recurrere, dā ponderōsam aliquam epistu- lam, plēnam omnium nōn modo āctōrum, sed etiam

opīniōnum tuārum, ac diem quō Rōmā sīs exitūrus cūrā

ut sciam. prīd. Nōnās Māiās. Rōmae tē fortasse vidēbō. invītem?

VIII.

Nōs in Formiānō esse volumus ūsque ad Eō sī ante eam diem nōn vēneris,

Nam Arpīnum quid ego tē

POMPEY AND CAESAR UNPOPULAR

(Att. 2. 19. 3).

Populī sēnsus māximē theātrō et spectāculīs per-

spectus est. vocātī sībilīs cōnscissī.

lium, for it did not carry with it the loss of civil rights. 7. nisi si, except in case.—viatore, traveler. 3. ex- ceptum est, has been picked up. 10. ponderosam, heavy. 15. Nam

. invitem: Cicero implies that Arpinum is not so much pleasing in itself as dear to him from its asso- ciations. The stay at Formiae had been prolonged, and Antium and Tusculum were, it would seem, not to be visited.

Nam gladiātōribus quā dominus quā ad- Lūdīs Apollināribus Dīphilus

VIII. Written from Rome in July, 59 B.C., Atticus having re- turned to Greece. I. spectaculis, shots, games. 2. gladiatoribus, at a show of gladiators. — qua...

qua, = et.... et; used by Cicero only in the letters. — dominus, Pompey. — advocati, supporters:

the advocatus was one who sup- ported a friend in a suit at law by his presence or by testimony. 3. si- bilis conscissi, were assailed with

POMPEY AND CAESAR UNPOPULAR. 27

tragoedus in nostrum Pompēium petulanter invectus est. Nostrā miseriā tū es māgnus...

mīliēns coāctus est dīcere;

Eandem virtūtem istam veniet tempus cum graviter gemēs

tōtīus theātrī clāmōre dīxit, itemque cētera. Nam ēius modī sunt iī versūs ut in tempus ab inimīcō Pompē—ī scrīptī esse videantur.

Sī neque lēgēs tē neque mōrēs cōgunt...

et cētera māgnō cum fremitū et clāmōre sunt dicta. Caesar cum vēnisset mortuō plausū, Curiō fīlius est īnsecūtus. Huic ita plausum est ut salvā rē pūblicā Pompēiō plaudī solēbat. Tulit Caesar graviter. Litte- rae Capuam ad Pompēium volāre dīcēbantur. Inimīcī erant equitibus quī Curiōnī stantēs plauserant, hostēs Rōsciae lēgī, etiam frūmentāriae minitāban- Equidem mālueram

omnibus.

tur. Sānē rēs erat perturbāta.

IO

15

quod erat susceptum ab illīs silentiō trānsīrī, sed vereor 2

nē nōn liceat. Nōn ferunt hominēs quod vidētur esse tamen ferendum; sed est iam ūna vōx omnium, magis odiō fīrmāta quam praesidiō.

hisses. 4. petulanter invectus est, made a saucy attack. 5. magnus: Pompey was given the surname Magnus by the dictator Sulla. 9. in tempus, for the occasion. 13. filius, to distinguish him from his father; he was applauded because of his well-known hostility to the trium- virs. 16. Capuam: Caesar was now consul, and had carried a law for the distribution of the land of Capua

among the soldiers of the army that had fought Mithridates; Pompey was serving on the commission intrusted with the execution of this law. 18. Rosciae legi: it provided for the seating of the equites in the theater in a place of honor behind the senators. — frumentariae: this provided for the sale of grain at low fixed rates.— minitabantur, i.e. to abrogate them.

28 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. IX. A LETTER DICTATED AS CICERO WALRED (Att. 2. 23. 1).

Cicerō Atticō Sal.

Numquam ante arbitror tē epistulam meam lēgisse, nisi meā manū scrīptam. Ex eō conligere poteris quantā occupātiōne distinear. Nam cum vacuī temporis nihil habērem et cum recreandae vōculae causā necesse esset mihi ambulāre, haec dictāvī ambulāns.

X. CICERO THE POLITICIAN ī (from Att. 2. 25. 1). Cicerō Atticō sal.

Cum aliquem apud tē laudārō tuōrum familiārium, volam illum scīre ex tē mē id fēcisse, ut nūper mē scīs scrīpsisse ad tē dē Varrōnis ergā mē officiō, tē ad mē rescrīpsisse eam rem summae tibi voluptātī esse; sed ego māllem ad illum scrīpsissēs mihi illum satis facere, nōn quō faceret, sed ut faceret.

XI. A RUNAWAY SLAVE (from Quint. Frat. I. 2. 14).

Praetereā Aesōpī tragoedī, nostrī familiāris, Licinius

servus, tibi nōtus, aufūgit.

IX. 2. conligere, infer. 4. vo- culae, my weaā voice; walking was thought to strengthen the voice.

X. 3. Varronis, “most learned of the Romans,” author of the De Re Rustica and the De Lingua Latina.

XI. Quintus Cicero, the brother of Marcus and brother-in-law of

Is Athēnīs apud Patrōnem

Atticus, is best known for the he- roic defense of his camp of which Caesar gives an account in Bk. V. of the Galliie War. He was at this time governor of the province of Asia. I. Aesopi, the most famous of Roman tragedians; as a young man Cicero had studied his gestures

THE EXILE TO HIS FRIEND. 29

Epicūrēum prō līberō fuit. Inde in Asiam vēnit. Posteā Platō quīdam Sardiānus, Epicūrēus, quī Athēnīs solet esse multum et quī tum Athēnīs fuerat, cum Licinius eō vēnisset, cum eum fugitīvum esse posteā ex Aesōpī litterīs cōgnōsset, hominem comprehendit et in custō- diam Ephesī trādidit, sed in pūblicam an in pīstrīnum nōn satis ex litterīs ēius intellegere potuimus. Tū quō- quō modō est, quoniam Ephesī est, hominem investīgēs velim summāque dīligentiā vel tēcum dēdūcās. Nōlī spectāre quantī homō sit. Parvī enim pretī est, quī iam nihilī est; sed tantō dolōre Aesōpus est adfectus propter servī scelus et audāciam ut nihil eī grātius facere possīs quam sī illum per tē reciperārit.

THE EXILE TO HIS FRIEND (Att. 3.5). Cicerō Atticō Sal.

XII.

Terentia tibi et saepe et māximās agit grātiās. Id est mihi grātissimum. Ego vīvō miserrimus et māximō do-

lōre cōnficior. Ad tē quid scrībam nesciō. Sī enim es

and delivery, and was now intimate with him. 3. Ēpicureum, the Epi- curean. 4. Sardianus, of Sardis. S. publicam, sc. custodiam. — pi- strinum, a mill for grinding grain, in which refractory slaves were often compelled to work as a punishment. 10. Ephesi: Ephesus was the seat of the provincial government. — in- vestiges, hunt up.

XII. In March of 58 s.C. Clodius had proposed a bill providing for the

banishment of any one who had put to death a Roman citizen without trial. Wwhen Cicero, against whom this was aimed, found that his foes were too powerful to be resisted, he fled from the city, and Clodius there- upon carried another bill banishing and outlawing him by name. Atti- cus was now in Rome, and this letter is one of several addressed to him by Cicero while on his way into exile. I. saepe, i.e. in her letters to me.

IC

15 IO

30 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

Rōmae, iam mē adsequī nōn potes; sīn es in viā, cum eris mē adsecūtus, cōram agēmus quae erunt agenda. Tantum tē ōrō ut, quoniam mē ipsum semper amāstī, eōdem amōre sīs. Ego enim īdem sum; inimīcī meī mea mihi, nōn mē ipsum adēmērunt. Cūrā ut valeās. Data vu īdūs Aprīl. Thūriīs.

THE EXILE TO HIS FAMILY (Fam. 14. 4).

XIII.

Tullius S. D. Terentiae et Tulliae et Cicerōnī Suīs.

Ego minus saepe dō ad vōs litterās quam possum proptereā quod cum omnia mihi tempora sunt misera, tum vērō, cum aut scrībō ad vōs aut vestrās legō, cōn- ficior lacrimīs sīc ut ferre nōn possim. Quod utinam Certē nihil aut nōn mul- tum in vītā malī vīdissēmus. Quod sī nōs ad aliquam alicūius commodī aliquandō reciperandī spem fortūna reservāvit, minus est errātum ā nōbīs; sī haec mala fīxa sunt, ego vērō tē quam prīmum, mea vīta, cupiō vidēre et in tuō complexū ēmorī, quoniam neque diī, quōs tū castissimē coluistī, neque hominēs, quibus ego semper

minus vītae cupidī fuissēmus!

XIII. Cicero wrote this letter to his wife, son, and daughter as he was about to take ship at Brundisium for Dyrrhachium. Suis (greeting), his dear. 3. vestras, sc. litteras. 4. Quod utinam: cf. the frequent quod si,; Cicero laments that he had not met death in resistance to Clo- dius, or as in other letters from

exile, that he had relinquished out of consideration for his family and friends his intention to commit suicide. It must be remembered that suicide was sanctioned by Cic- ero’s philosophic belief. g. vita, a term of endearment common in fa- miliar Latin. 11. castissime colu- isti, have worshiped most piously.

THE EXILE TO HIS FAMILY. 3I

servīvī, nōbīs grātiam rettulērunt. Nōs Brundisiī apud M. Laenium Flaccum diēs xiii. fuimus, virum optimum, quī perīculum fortūnārum et capitis suī prae meā salūte neglēxit, neque lēgis improbissimae poenā dēductus est quō minus hospitī et amīcitiae iūs officiumque praestā- ret. Huic utinam aliquandō grātiam referre possīmus! Habēbimus quidem semper. Brundisiō profectī sumus a. d. 11. K. Māi.; per Macedoniam Cyzicum petēbāmus. ō mē perditum! ōŌ adflīctum! Quid nunc rogem tē ut veniās, mulierem aegram et corpore et animō cōn- fectam? Nōn rogem? Sine tē igitur sim? Opīnor, sīc agam: sī est spēs nostrī reditūs, eam cōnfīrmēs et rem adiuvēs; sīn, ut ego metuō, trānsāctum est, quōquō modō potes ad mē fac veniās. habēbō, nōn mihi vidēbor plānē perīsse.

Ōnum hōc scītō: sī tē Sed quid Tul- liolā meā fīet? Iam id vōs vidēte; mihi deest cōn- silium. Sed certē, quōquō modō sē rēs habēbit, illīus misellae et mātrimōniō et fāmae serviendum est. Quid? Cicerō meus quid aget? Iste vērō sit in sinū semper et complexū meō. Nōn queō plūra iam scrībere; impedit maeror. Tū quid ēgeris nesciō, utrum aliquid teneās an, quod metuō, plānē sīs spoliāta. Pīsōnem, ut scrībis,

14. fortunarum et capitis: he who sheltered an outlaw was himself liable to banishment and the con- fiscation of a third of his prop- erty. — prae, in comparison uwith.
15. profecti sumus, petebamus, epistolary tenses. 19. a. d. I1., = pridie. — Cyzicum: he actually went no farther than Thessalonica.
16. confirmes: the subj. is logically

dependent upon a verb of wish or command implied in sic agam, and not an instance of the rare definite second person as a substitute for the imperative; cf. fac venias. 24. trans- actum est, it is all up with me. 26. Tulliola, an affectionate diminu- tive. 27. fiet, will become of: the abl. īn this idiom is instrumental. 29. misellae, dim. of miser.— ma-

15

20

25

30 35

40

45

50

32 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

spērō fore semper nostrum. Dē familiā līberātā nihil est quod tē moveat. Prīmum tuīs ita prōmissum est, tē factūram esse ut quisque esset meritus. Est autem in officiō adhūc Orpheus, praetereā māgnopere nēmō. Cēterōrum servōrum ea causa est ut, sī rēs ā nōbīs abīsset, lībertī nostrī essent, sī obtinēre potuissent; sīn ad nōs pertinērent, servīrent praeterquam oppidō paucī. Sed haec minōra sunt. Tū quod me hortāris ut animō sim māgnō et spem habeam reciperandae salūtis, id velim sit ēius modī ut rēctē spērāre possīmus. Nunc miser quandō tuās iam litterās accipiam? Quis ad mē Quās ego exspectāssem Brundisiī, sī esset licitum per nautās, quī tempestātem praetermittere nōlu- ērunt. Quod reliquum est, sustentā tē, mea Terentia, ut potes honestissimē. Vīximus, flōruimus. Nōn vitium nostrum, sed virtūs nostra nōs adflīxit; peccātum est nūllum, nisi quod nōn ūnā animam cum ōrnāmentīs āmīsimus. Sed sī hōc fuit līberīs nostrīs grātius, nōs vīvere, cētera, quamquam ferenda nōn sunt, ferāmus.

perferet?

Atque ego, quī tē cōnfīrmō,

trimonio et famae: Tullia’s dowry had not been paid; her husband was the Piso mentioned below. 34. De familia liberata, touching the manumission of our slaves; with familia, cf. femulus. 36. in officio, doing his duty by us. 38. causa, = condicio. — res ... abisset, our property should pass out of our hands. 39. obtinere, establish their freedom in the courts of law: the legality of such a manumission might well be questioned. 40. servirent, they

ipse mē nōn possum. Clō-

should continue our slaves; the sec- ondary sequence is due to the fact that ea causa est implies the mak- ing of the agreement in past time. — oppido, very. 41. minora, of minor importance. 43. recte, rea- sonably. 45. esset licitum, = licu- isset; the use of the passive is peculiar to familiar Latin. 46. tem- pestatem, here, as often, favorabōle weather. 50. ornamentis, honors. 53. Clodium Philhetaerum, Sallu- stius, Pescennius: these were prob-

THE EXILE TO HIS BROTHER. 33

dium Philhetaerum quod valētūdine oculōrum impediē- bātur, hominem fidēlem, remīsī. Sāllustius officiō vincit omnīs. Pescennius est perbenevolus nōbīs, quem sem- per spērō tuī fore observantem. Sīcca dīxerat sē mēcum fore, sed Brundisiō discessit. Cūrā, quod potes, ut valeās et sīc exīstimēs, mē vehementius tuā miseriā Mea Terentia, fīdissima atque optima uxor, et mea cārissima fīliola et spēs reliqua nostra, Cicerō, valēte. Pr. K. Māi. Brundisiō.

quam meā commovērī.

53

XIV. THE EXILE TO HIS BROTHER (Quint. Frat. I. 3. 1-ō).

Mārcus Quīntō .Frātrī Salūtem.

Mī frāter, mī frāter, mī frāter, tūne id veritus es, nē ego īrācundiā aliquā adductus puerōs ad tē sine litterīs Aut etiam nē tē vidēre nōluerim? Eqg o tibi Scīlicet, tū enim mē adfiīxistī; tuī mē inimīcī, tua mē invidia ac nōn ego tē miserē perdidī. Meus ille laudātus cōnsulātus mihi

mīserim?

īrāscerer? Tibi ego possem īrāscī?

ably freedmen. s54. valetudine, infirmitate. 57. Observantem, at- tentive. — Sicca, a friend who had entertained Cicero at Vibo, and had accompanied him to Brundisium upon receipt of news of the second rogatio of Clodius. 58. quod potes, as far as you are able. 61. optima

later became estranged and were divorced in 46 8.C. Terentia’s ex- travagance was the ostensible cause of the estrangement.

XIV. Written from Thessalonica on the Ides of June, 58 B.c. Quin- tus had left his province to return to Rome, but by the advice of his

uxor: Cicero and Terentia had now

been married twenty years, and their

relations at this time seem to have

been most affectionate; but they COR. OF CIC.—3

brother did not come to Thnessalo- nica on the way. 3. Ego tibi, Tibi ego: notice the effect produced by the change in the order. 6. Meus

55 Iō

15

20

25

30

34 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICFRO.

tē, līberōs, patriam, fortūnās, tibi velim nē quid ēripuerit praeter ūnum mē. Sed certē ā tē mihi omnia semper honesta et iūcunda cecidērunt, ā mē tibi lūctus meae calamitātis, metus tuae, dēsīderium, maeror, sōlitūdō. Ego tē vidēre nōluerim? Immō vērō mē ā tē vidērī nōluī. Nōn enim vīdissēs frātrem tuum, nōn eum quem relīquerās, nōn eum quem nōrās, nōn eum quem flēns flentem, prōsequentem proficīscēns dīmīserās, nē vestī- gium quidem ēius nec simulācrum, sed quandam effigiem spīrantis mortuī. Atque utinam mē mortuum prius vī- dissēs aut audīssēs! Utinam tē nōn sōlum vītae, sed etiam dīgnitātis meae superstitem relīquissem! Sed testor omnīs deōs mē hāc ūnā vōce ā morte esse revocā- tum, quod omnēs in meā vītā partem aliquam tuae vītae repositam esse dīcēbant. Quā in rē peccāvī scelerātē- que fēcī. Nam sī occidissem, mors ipsa meam pietātem amōremque in tē facile dēfenderet. Nunc commīsī ut mē vīvō carērēs, vīō mē aliīs indigērēs, mea vōx in domesticīs perīculīs potissimum occideret, quae saepe aliēnissimīs praesidiō fuisset. Nam quod ad tē puerī sine litterīs vēnērunt, quoniam vidēs nōn fuisse īrācun- diam causam, certē pigritia fuit et quaedam īnfīnīta vīs lacrimārum et dolōrum. Haec ipsa mē quō flētū putās scrīpsisse? Eōdem quō tē legere certō sciō. An ego possum aut nōn cōgitāre aliquandō dē tē aut umquam sine lacrimīs cōgitāre? Cum enim tē dēsīderō, frātrem sōlum dēsīderō? Ego vērō suāvitāte frātrem prope .. . fortunas, sc. eripuit. 13. re- ]18. dignitatis, i.e. by dying sooner

liqueras, i.e. on leaving Rome for ] than submit to disgrace. 28. pi- his province. 14. vestigium, trace. l gritia, supineness. 33. suavitate,

THE EXILE TO HIS BROTHER. 35

aequālem, obsequiō fīlium, cōnsiliō parentem. Quid mihi sine tē umquam aut tibi sine mē iūcundum fuit? Quid, quod eōdem tempore dēsīderō fīliam? Quā pie- tāte, quā modestiā, quō ingeniō! Effigiem ōris, sermō- nis, animī meī! Quod fīlium venustissimum mihique dulcissimum? Quem ego ferus ac ferreus ē complexū dīmīsī meō, sapientiōrem puerum quam vellem. Sentiē- bat enim miser iam quid agerētur. Quod vērō tuum fīlium, imāginem tuam, quem meus Cicerō et amābat ut frātrem et iam ut māiōrem frātrem verēbātur? Quid, quod mulierem miserrimam, fidēlissimam coniugem, mē prōsequī nōn sum passus, ut esset quae reliquiās com- mūnis calamitātis, commūnīs līberōs tuērētur? Sed tamen, quōquō modō potuī, scrīpsī et dedī litterās ad tē Philogonō, lbertō tuō, quās crēdō tibi posteā redditās esse, in quibus idem tē hortor et rogō quod puerī tibi verbīs meīs nūntiārunt, ut Rōmam prōtinus pergās et properēs. Prīmum enim tē praesidiō esse voluī, sī quī essent inimīcī quōrum crūdēlitās nōndum esset nostrā calamitāte satiāta; deinde congressūs nostrī lāmentātiō- nem pertimuī. Dīgressum vērō nōn tulissem, atque etiam id ipsum quod tū scrībis metuēbam, nē ā mē dis- trahī nōn possēs. Hīs dē causīs hōc māximum malum, quod tē nōn vīdī, quō nihil amantissimīs et coniūnctissi- mīs frātribus acerbius miseriusve vidētur accidere po- tuisse, minus acerbum, minus miserum fuit quam fuisset cum congressiō, tum vērō dīgressiō nostra. Nunc, sī

pleasant companionship. 34. obse- respected. 47. ad te, for you. quio, compliance. 38. venustissi- 48. postea, i.e. after you had written mum, most lovable. 43. verebatur, l finding fault with me. so. protinus

35

40

45

s50

55 6s

36 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

potes, id quod ego, quī tibi semper fortis vidēbar, nōn possum, ērige tē et cōnfīrmā, sī qua subeunda dīmicātiō erit. Spērō, sī quid mea spēs habet auctōritātis, tibi et integritātem tuam et amōrem in tē cīvitātis et aliquid etiam misericordiam nostrī praesidī lātūram. Sīn eris ab istō perīculō vacuus, agēs scīlicet, sī quid agī posse dē nōbīs putābis. Dē quō scrībunt ad mē quidem multī

multa et sē spērāre dēmōnstrant, sed ego quod spērem

70

75

8ō

ēs

nōn dīspiciō, cum inimīcī plūrimum valeant, amīcī par- tim dēseruerint mē, partim etiam prōdiderint, quī in meō reditū fortasse reprehēnsiōnem suī sceleris pertimēscant. Sed ista quālia sint tū velim perspiciās mihique dēclārēs. Ego tamen, quam diū tibi opus erit, sī quid perīculī sub- eundum vidēbis, vīvam; diūtius in hāc vītā esse nōn possum. Neque enim tantum vīrium habet ūlla aut prūdentia aut doctrīna ut tantum dolōrem possit susti- nēre. Sciō fuisse et honestius moriendī tempus et ūtilius, sed nōn hōc sōlum, multa alia praetermīsī, quae sī querī velim praeterita, nihil agam nisi ut augeam dolērem tuum, indicem stultitiam meam. Illud quidem nec faciendum est nec fierī potest, mē diūtius quam aut tuum tempus aut fīrma spēs postulābit in tam miserā tamque turpī vītā commorārī ut, quī modo frātre fuerim, līberīs, coniuge, cōpiīs, genere ipsō pecūniae beātissimus, dīgnitāte, auctōritāte, exīstimātiōne, grātiā nōn īnferior pergas et properes: notice the al-] is to be taken with aliquid. 82. tem- literation. 62. dimicatio: Quintus] pus, necessity. 83. modo, but lately. was threatened with impeachment ! S4. genere, because the pecunia had on his return to Rome. 63. aucto- been acquired by honorable means.

ritatis, foundation. 65. nostri, de- The chief sources of Cicero’s wealth pends upon misericordiam; praesidi l were the gifts and bequests of grate-

CICEROS RETURN FROM KEXILE.

37

quam quī umquam fuērunt amplissimī, is nunc in hāc tam adflīctā perditāque fortūnā neque mē neque meōs

lūgēre diūtius possim.

XV. A SUPPRESSED ORATION (Att. 3. 12. 2).

Percussistī autem mē etiam dē ōrātiōne prōlātā. vulnerī, ut scrībis, medēre, sī quid potes.

Cui Scrīpsī equi-

dem ōlim eī īrātus quod ille prior scrīpserat, sed ita

compresseram ut numquam ēmānātūram putārem. Quō

modō exciderit nesciō.

Sed quia numquam accidit ut

cum eō verbō ūnō concertārem, et quia scrīpta mihi

vidētur neglegentius quam cēterae, putō posse probārī

nōn esse meam.

Id, sī putās mē posse sānārī, cūrēs

velim; sīn plānē periī, minus labōrō.

XVI.

CICERO’S RETURN FROM EXILE

(from Att. 4. 1. 4, 5).

Pr. Nōnās Sextīlīs Dȳrrhachiō sum profectus, ipsō

illō diē quō lēx est lāta dē nōbīs.

ful clients and generous friends; he did not loan money on interest; he had refused the governorship of the rich province of Macedonia, and did not use his position as gov- ernor of Cilicia for his own pe- cuniary advantage. 387. adflicta perditaque, wretched and hopeless.

XV. I. oratione prolata, the publication of my speech. 4. ema- naturam, exciderit, here substan- tially synonymous with prolata. 9. laboro, suffer; in sanari and

Brundisium vēnī

laboro, perhaps also in cures and perii, Cicero returns to the figure with which he introduced the sub- ject (Percussisti, vulneri, medere).

XVI. Written in September, s7 B.C. After many months of discus- sion and commotion the comitia centuriata had finally voted Cicero’s recall on August 4th of this year. The exile, who had been watch- ing events from Dyrrhachium, sailed for Brundisium the same day. Atti- cus was now in Epirus. 2. lata, pro-

IO

I5

38 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

Nōnīs Sextīlibus. Ibi mihi Tulliola mea fuit praestō nātālī suō ipsō diē, quī cāsū īdem nātālis erat et Brundi- sīnae colōniae et tuae vīcīnae Salūtis, quae rēs animad- versa ā multitūdine summā Brundisīnōrum grātulātiōne celebrāta est. Ante diem vi. īdūs Sextīlīs cōgnōvī litte- rīs Quīntī mīrificō studiō omnium aetātum atque ōrdinum, incrēdibilī concursū ītaliae lēgem comitiīs centuriātīs esse perlātam. Inde ā Brundisīnīs honestissimīs ōrnātus iter ita fēcī ut undique ad mē cum grātulātiōne lēgātī con- vēnerint. Ad vurbem ita vēnī ut nēmō ūllīus ōrdinis homō nōmenclātōrī nōtus fuerit quī mihi obviam nōn vēnerit, praeter eōs inimīcōs quibus id ipsum, sē inimī- cōs esse, nōn licēret aut dissimulāre aut negāre. Cum vēnissem ad portam Capēnam, gradūs templōrum ab īnfimō plēbe complētī erant, ā quā plausū māximō cum esset mihi grātulātiō sīgnificāta, similis et frequentia et plausus mē ūsque ad Capitōlium celebrāvit, in forōque et in ipsō Capitōliō mīranda multitūdo fuit. Postrīdiē in senātū, quī fuit diēs Nōnārum Septembr., senātuī grātiās ēgimus.

posed. 3. fuit praesto, met. 4. na-l able to the recall of Cicero. 11I. le-

talis, i.e. the anniversary of the founding of the colony at Brundi- sium and of the dedication of the temple of Salus on the Quirinal. 5. vicinae: Atticus had a house on the Quirinal. — Salutis, goddess of the public welfare. 9. concursu Italiae: Roman citizens could exer- cise their right of suffrage only in Rome itself, and the senate had summoned to Rome in the name of the consuls all who were favor-

gati, deputations. 13. nomenclatori, a slave whose part it was to know by name all influential men and to prompt his master when necessary. 16. portam Capenam: through this gate the traveler by the Via Appia entered the city.- ab infimo, fi-om top to bottom. i4. celebravit, at- tended. 21. Nonarum, appositional gen.; the appositive Nonae also oc- curs. 22. egimus, in the so-called Oratio post Reditum in Senatu.

WANTED, A PANEGYVYRIST. 39

XVII. A WELCOME TO ATTICUS (Att. 4. 412). Cicerō Atticō Sal.

Periūcundus mihi Cīncius fuit ante diem’ m. Kal. Febr. ante lūcem. Dīxit enim mihi tē esse in ītaliā sēsēque ad tē puerōs mittere, quōs sine meīs litterīs īre nōluī, nōn quō habērem quod tibi, praesertim iam prope praesentī, scrīberem, sed ut hōc ipsum sīgnificārem, mihi tuum adventum suāvissimum exspectātissimumque esse. Quā rē advolā ad nōs eō animō ut nōs amēs, tē Cētera cōram agēmus. Haec properantēs

Quō diē veniēs, utique fac cum tuīs apud

amārī sciās.

scrīpsimus.

mē sīs. XVIII. WANTED, A PANEGYRIST

(Fam. 5. 12). M. Cicerō S. D. L. Luccēiō Q. F.

Cōram mē tēcum eadem haec agere saepe cōnantem dēterruit pudor quīdam paene subrūsticus, quae nunc exprōmam absēns audācius. Epistula enim nōn ērubē- scit. Ardeō cupiditāte incrēdibilī neque, ut ego arbitror, reprehendendā, nōmen ut nostrum scrīptīs inlūstrētur

et celebrētur tuīs. Quod etsī mihi saepe ostendis tē

XVII. Written in 56 B.C. Atti-

was on his way to Rome.

1. Cincius, perhaps the agent of Atticus at Rome. 3. meis, from me.
2. exspectatissimum, most welcome.
3. properantes, in haste. 9. utique, without fail.

cus

XVIII. Written in June, 56 B. C. Cicero himself thought this a ‘very elegant’ (valde bella) letter, and it was evidently written with the great- est care, as indeed so delicate a sub- subrusticus: notice the force of sub. 3. erube-

ject demanded. 2.

IO IO

IS

40 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERŌ.

esse factūrum, tamen īgnōscās velim huic fēstīnātiōnī meae. Genus enim scrīptōrum tuōrum etsī erat semper ā mē vehementer exspectātum, tamen vīcit opīniōnem meam, mēque ita vel cēpit vel incendit ut cuperem quam celerrimē rēs nostrās monumentīs commendārī tuīs. Neque enim mē sōlum commemorātiō posteritātis ad spem quandam immortālitātis rapit, sed etiam illa cupiditās, ut vel auctōritāte testimōnī tuī vel indiciō benevolentiae vel suāvitāte ingenī vīvī perfruāmur. Ne- que tamen haec cum scrībēbam, eram nescius quantīs oneribus premerēre susceptārum rērum et iam īnstitū- tārum; sed quia vidēbam ītalicī belī et cīvīlis historiam iam ā tē paene esse perfectam, dīxerās autem mihi tē reliquās rēs ōrdīrī, deesse mihi nōluī quīn tē admonērem ut cōgitārēs coniūnctēne māllēs cum reliquīs rēbus no- stra contexere an, ut multī Graecī fēcērunt, Callisthenēs Phōcicum bellum, Tīmaeus Pyrrhī, Polybius Numantī- num, quī omnēs ā perpetuīs suīs historiīs ea quae dīxī

scit, blush. 17. festinationi, impa- tience. 8S. Genus, character. i5o0. ce- pīt, charmed. 11. monumentis, memoirs. 13. rapit, draws irre- sistiōly. 15. vivi, nom. plu. 18. Ita- lici belli, i.e. the Social War, g90- 89 B.C. — civilis, the struggle be- tween Marius and other leaders of the popular party and Sulla, 88-78 B.C. 20. reliquas res, i.e. the his- tory of Rome from the close of the Civil war to 56 sB.C. — deesse mihi ... quin, fo throw away the opportunity of. 21. nostra, = res nostras. 22. Callisthenes, a pupil

of Aristotle and the intimate com- panion of Alexander the Great, the romantic account of whose life was long supposed to be from his hand; his perpetua historia was a history of Greece from 387 to 357 B.C. 23. Timaeus, a Sicilian (about 352- 256 B.C.), who while living in exile at Athens wrote a history of his na- tive land. — Polybius, one of the most trustworthy and valuable of an- cient historians; he lived for many years at Rome, and was the tutor and lifelong friend of the younger Africanus. 24. perpetuis, general.

WANTED, A PANEGYRIST. EX

bella sēparāvērunt, tū quoque item cīvīlem coniūrātiō- nem ab hostīlibus externīsque bellīs sēiungerēs. Equi- dem ad nostram laudem nōn multum videō interesse, sed ad properātiōnem meam quiddam interest, nōn tē exspectāre dum ad locum veniās, ac statim causam illam tōtam et tempus adripere, et simul, sī ūnō in argūmentō ūnāque in persōnā mēns tua tōta versābitur, cernō iam animō quantō omnia ūberiōra atque ōrnātiōra futūra sint. Neque tamen īgnōrō quam impudenter faciam, quī prīmum tibi tantum oneris impōnam —potest enim mihi dēnegāre occupātiō tua —, deinde etiam ut ōrnēs mē postulem. Quid sī illa tibi nōn tantō opere viden- tur ōrnanda? Sed tamen quī semel verēcundiae fīnīs trānsierit, eum bene et nāviter oportet esse impuden- tem. Itaque tē plānē etiam atque etiam rogō ut et ōrnēs ea vehementius etiam quam fortasse sentīs, et in eō lēgēs historiae neglegās, grātiamque illam de quā suāvissimē quōdam in prooemiō scrīpsistī, ā quā tē flectī nōn magis potuisse dēmōnstrās quam Herculem Xenophōntium illum ā Voluptāte, eam, sī mē tibi vehe- mentius commendābit, nē āspernēre, amōrīque nostrō plūsculum etiam quam concēdet vēritās largiāre. Quod sī tē addūcēmus ut hōc suscipiās, erit, ut mihi persuādeō,

25. coniurationem, that of Catiline.
26. properationem, cf. festinationi.
27. locum, i.e. the place in his his- tory where the account of Cicero’s consulship would naturally be given.
28. argumento, theme. 35. occupa- tio, engagements. 37. verecundiae, cf. pudor. 38. bene et naviter, thoroughly and completely. 39. plane,

candidly. 40. sentis, you think they deserve. 42. prooemio, preface.—a qua, instead of qua, to correspond to a PVoluptate,; perhaps gratia also is personified. 44. Xenophontium, as Xenophon tells us; the fable of Hercules’ choice between Duty and Pleasure is told in the Memorali- lia.—eam, resumes gratiam illam.

a5

30

35

40

45 42 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

māteriēs dīgna facultāte et cōpiā tuā A prīncipiō enim coniūrātiōnis ūsque ad reditum nostrum vidētur mihi

50

55

6s

70

modicum quoddam corpus cōnficī posse, in quō et illā poteris ūtī cīvīlium commūtātiōnum scientiā vel in expli- candīs causīs rērum novārum vel in remediīs incommo- dōrum, cum et reprehendēs ea quae vituperanda dūcēs et quae placēbunt expōnendīs ratiōnibus comprobābis; et sī līberius, ut cōnsuēstī, agendum putābis, multōrum in nōs perfidiam, īnsidiās, prōditiōnem notābis. Multam etiam cāsūs nostrī varietātem tibi in scrībendō suppedi- tābunt plēnam cūiusdam voluptātis, quae vehementer animōs hominum in legendō tē scrīptōre tenēre possit. Nihil est enim aptius ad dēlectātiōnem lēctōris quam temporum varietātēs fortūnaeque vicissitūdinēs. Quae etsī nōbīs optābilēs in experiendō nōn fuērunt, in le- gendō tamen erunt iūcundae. Habet enim praeteritī dolōris sēcūra recordātiō dēlectātiōnem. Cēterīs vērō nūllā perfūnctīs propriā molestiā, cāsūs autem aliēnōs

sine ūllō dolōre intuentibus etiam ipsa misericordia est

iūcunda. Quem enim nostrūm ille moriēns apud Man- tinēam Epamīnōndās nōn cum quādam miserātiōne dē- lectat? Quī tum dēnique sibi ēvellī iubet spīculum posteā quam eī percontantī dictum est clipeum esse salvum, ut etiam in vulneris dolōre aequō animō cum laude morerētur. Cūius studium in legendō nōn ērēc-

48. facultate et copia, ability and lestia, who have gone through no eloquence. 49. reditum, i.e. from troulle of their own. 64. spiculum, exile. 50. corpus, volume. s5. mul- spear-head. jo. ei percontanti, in torum .... proditionem, i.e. at the l anuswer to his question. 71. aequo time of his banishment. 57. casus, ] animo, abl. abs.; connect with in vicissitudes. 65. nulla... mo- l vulneris dolore. j72. studium, in-

WANTED, A PANEGYRIFST. 43

tum Themistoclī fugā exitūque retinētur? Etenim ōrdō ipse annālium mediocriter nōs retinet quasi ēnumerā- tiōne fāstōrum. At virī saepe excellentis ancipitēs ss -variīque cāsūs habent admīrātiōnem, exspectātiōnem, laetitiam, molestiam, spem, timōrem; sī vērō exitū no- tābilī conclūduntur, explētur animus iūcundissimā lēctiō- nis voluptāte. Quō mihi acciderit optātius, sī in hāc sententiā fueris, ut ā continentibus tuīs scrīptīs, in qui- s0 bus perpetuam rērum gestārum historiam complecteris, sēcernās hanc quasi fābulam rērum ēventōrumque no- strōrum. Habet enim variōs āctūs multāsque āctiōnēs et cōnsiliōrum et temporum. Ac nōn vereor nē adsen- tātiunculā quādam aucupārī tuam grātiam videar cum ss hōc dēmōnstrem, mē ā tē potissimum ōrnārī celebrārīque velle. Neque enim tū is es quī quid sīs nesciās et quī nōn eōs magis quī tē nōn admīrentur invidōs quam eōs quī laudent adsentātōrēs arbitrēre; neque autem ego sum ita dēmēns ut mē sempiternae glōriae per eum c0 commendārī velim quī nōn ipse quoque in mē commen- dandō propriam ingenī glōriam cōnsequātur. Neque enim Alexander ille grātiae causā ab Apelle potissimum pingī et ā Lȳsippō fingī volēbat, sed quod illōrum artem cum ipsīs, tum etiam sibi glōriae fore putābat. Atque ss illī artificēs corporis simulācra īgnōtīs nōta faciēbant,

terest. 153. ordo, chronicle. 75. fa- cula, a little fattery. 85. aucupari, storum, the calendar. 79. Quo ... 4o be fishing for; literally, to go fowl- optatius, / shall therefore consider ing for. 93. gratiae causa, because myself all the more fortunate. of his liking for them. — Apelle, 82. fabulam, drama. — evento- the most famous of Greek painters. rum, fortunes. 83. actus, acts.— 94. Lysippo: his bronze portrait actiones, scenes. 84. adsentatiun- l statues were famous. 96. ignotis,

44 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

quae vel sī nūlla sint, nihilō sint tamen obscūriōrēs clārī virī. Nec minus est Spartiātēs Agēsilāus ille perhi- bendus, quī neque pictam neque fictam imāginem suam 100 passus est esse, quam quī in eō genere labōrārunt. Ōnus enim Xenophēntis libellus in eō rēge laudandō facile omnīs imāginēs omnium statuāsque superāvit. Atque hōc praestantius mihi fuerit et ad laetitiam animī et ad memoriae dīgnitātem sī in tua scrīpta pervēnerō 105 quam sī in cēterōrum, quod nōn ingenium mihi sōlum suppeditātum fuerit tuum, sīcut Tīmoleontī ā Tīmaeō aut ab Hērodotō Themistoclī, sed etiam auctōritās clā- rissimī et spectātissimī virī et in reī pūblicae māximīs gravissimīsque causīs cōgnitī atque in prīmīs probātī, ut g70 mihi nōn sōlum praecōnium, quod, cum in Sīgēum vēnisset, Alexander ab Homērō Achillī tribūtum esse dīxit, sed etiam grave testimōnium impertītum clārī hominis māgnīque videātur. Placet enim Hector ille mihi Naeviānus, quī nōn tantum ‘laudārī’ sē laetātur, 115 sed addit etiam ‘ā laudātō virō] Quod sī ā tē nōn impetrō, hōc est, sī quae tē rēs impedierit — neque enim fās esse arbitror quicquam mē rogantem abs tē nōn

impetrāre —, cōgar fortasse

in the rare active sense, strangers. 98. Spartiates, the Spartan. — perhibendus, must be mentioned. 100. in eo genere, i.e. in having pictures and statues of themselves made. 103. praestantius, more helpful. io4. memoriae digni- tatem, my posthumous reputation. 106. Timoleonti: he deposed the tyrants of the Greek cities of Sicily,

facere quod nōn nūllī saepe

and conducted a successful war against the Carthaginians (339- 338 B.C.); notice the chiasmus. 108. spectatissimi, most highly es- teened. 109. cogniti, tried. 1Ii0. praeconium, laudation. 114. Nae- vianus, i.e. in the Hector Profici- scens. Naevius flourished in the latter half of the third century s.C.; he was the father of Roman epic poe-

WANTED, A PANEGYRIST. 45

reprehendunt: scrībam ipse dē mē, multōrum tamen exemplō et clārōrum virōrum. Sed, quod tē nōn fugit, haec sunt in hōc genere vitia: et verēcundius ipsī dē sēsē scrībant necesse est, sī quid est laudandum, et praetereant, sī quid reprehendendum est. Accēdit etiam ut minor sit fidēs, minor auctōritās, multī dēni- que reprehendant et dīcant verēcundiōrēs esse prae- cōnēs lūdōrum gymnicōrum, quī cum cēterīs corōnās imposuerint victōribus eōrumque nōmina māgnā vōce prōnūntiārint, cum ipsī ante lūdōrum missiōnem corōnā dōnentur, alium praecōnem adhibeant, nē suā vōce sē ipsī victōrēs esse praedicent. Haec nōs vītāre cupimus et, sī recipis causam nostram, vītābimus, idque ut faciās rogāmus. Ac, nē forte mīrēre cūr, cum mihi saepe ostenderis tē accūrātissimē nostrōrum temporum cōn- silia atque ēventūs litterīs mandātūrum, ā tē id nunc tantō opere et tam multīs verbīs petāmus, illa nōs cupiditās incendit dē quā initiō scrīpsī fēstīnātiōnis, quod alacrēs animō sumus ut et cēterī vīventibus nōbīs ex librīs tuīs nōs cōgnōscant et nōsmet ipsī vīvī glōriolā nostrā perfruāmur. Hīs dē rēbus quid āctūrus sīs, sī tibi nōn est molestum, rescrībās mihi velim. Sī enim suscipis causam, cōnficiam commentāriōs rērum omnium; sīn autem differs mē in tempus aliud, cōram tēcum

try, and likewise created a national drama. 119. scribam: Cicero had already written an account of his con- sulship in Greek, and had announced to Atticus his intention to write also a poem and a Latin memoir on the same subject; of these the poem at

least was afterwards finished, but is fortunately not extant. 126. gym- nicorum, athletic. 128. missio- nem, end. 129. adhibeant, employ. 133. accuratissime, most carefully. 138. gloriola, small meed of fame. 141. commentarios, notes. 142. dif-

ē

125

130

140 46 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

loquar. Tū intereā nōn cessābis et ea quae habēs īn- stitūta perpoliēs nōsque dīligēs.

XIX. A PURCHASE OF STATUES (Fam. 7. 23. 1-3).

Cicerō S. D. M. Fadiō Guallō.

Tantum quod ex Arpīnātī vēneram cum mihi ā te litterae redditae sunt, ab eōdemque accēpī Aviānī lit- terās, in quibus hōc inerat līberālissimum, nōmina sē factūrum, cum vēnisset, quā ego vellem diē. Fac,

5 quaesō, quī ego sum esse tē. Estne aut tuī pudōris aut nostrī prīmum rogāre dē diē, deinde plūs annuā postulāre? Sed essent, mī Galle, omnia facilia, sī et ea mercātus essēs quae ego dēsīderābam et ad eam summam quam volueram; ac tamen ista ipsa quae tē

10 ēmisse scrībis nōn sōlum rata mihi erunt, sed etiam grāta. Plānē enim intellegō tē nōn modo studiō, sed etiam amōre ūsum, quae tē dēlectārint, hominem, ut ego semper iūdicāvī, in omnī iūdiciō ēlegantissimum, quae mē dīgna putāris coēmisse. Sed velim maneat

15 Damasippus in sententiā. Prōrsus enim ex istīs ēmpti- ōnibus nūllam dēsīderō. Tū autem īgnārus īnstitūtī fers, put off. 143. cessabis, a polite] nius the statues mentioned below. equivalent of the imperative, chiefly 6. die, sc. solutionis, to ask for time. colloquial. 144. perpolies, put the ] io. rata, accepted. 13. elegantissi- finishing touches to. mum, of the greatest taste. 15. Da-

XIX. 1. Tantum quod, but just. masippus, a virtuoso and dealer in — Arpinati, my villa at Arpinum. ] wvorks of art; he seems to have 3. nomina se facturum, he would ] offered to take the statues off Cic-

enter the sale; acting as Ciceros] ero’s hands. — Prorsus... nul- agent, Gallus had bought from Avia- l lam, not a single one. 16. inmstituti,

- A PURCHSSE OF STATUES. 47

meī, quantī ego genus omnīnō sīgnōrum omnium nōn aestimō, tantī ista quattuor aut quīnque sūmpsistī. Bacchās istās cum Mūsīs Metellī comparās. Quid si- mile? Prīmum ipsās ego Mūsās numquam tantī putās- sem, atque id fēcissem Mūsīs omnibus approbantibus, sed tamen erat aptum bibliothēcae studiīsque nostrīs congruēns. Bacchīs vērō ubi est apud mē locus? “‘At pulchellae sunt. Nōvī optimē et saepe vīdī. Nōminātim tibi sīgna mihi nōta mandāssem, sī probāssem. Ea enim

sīgna ego emere soleō quae ad similitūdinem gymnasi-

ōrum exōrnent mihi in palaestrā locum. Mārtis vērō sīgnum quō mihi, pācis auctōrī? Gaudeō nūllum Sā- turnī sīgnum fuisse, haec enim duo sīgna putārem mihi aes aliēnum attulisse. Mercurī māllem aliquod fuisset; fēlīcius, putō, cum Aviāniō trānsigere possēmus. Quod tibi dēstinārās trapezophorum, sī tē dēlectat, habēbis; sīn autem sententiam mūtāstī, ego habēbō scīlicet. Istā

25

30

quidem summā nē ego multō libentius ēmerim dēversō-

rium Tarracīnae, nē semper hospitī molestus sim. Om- nīnō lībertī meī videō esse culpam, cuī plānē rēs certās mandāram, itemque Iūnī, quem putō tibi nōtum esse,

intention. 17. genus... omnium, all statues of whatever sort. 19. Bac- chas, Bacchantes. 22. bibliothecae, library. 23. congruens, appropri- ate. 26. gymnasiorum: the Greek gymnasia were adorned with statues. 27. palaestra, a place for exercise; often used as synonymous with gym- nasium. 30. Mercuri ... posse- mus, because Mercury was the god of gain; there is probably also a

reference to the fact that among the Greeks Hermes had the gymnasia under his protection, and his statue usually had the place of honor in them. 32. destinaras, had in- tended. —trapezophorum, tadle; the word denotes literally the carved or sculptured support upon which the table rested. 34. ne, the as- severative particle. — deversorium, lodge ; Tarracina was on the Via

35 40

45

43 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO. -

Aviānī familiārem. Exhedria quaedam mihi nova sunt īnstitūta in porticulā Tūsculānī. Ea volēbam tabellīs ōrnāre. Etenim sī quid generis istīus modī mē dēlectat, pictūra dēlectat. Sed tamen sī ista mihi sunt habenda, certiōrem velim mē faciās ubi sint, quandō arcessantur, quō genere vectūrae. Sī enim Damasippus in sententiā nōn manēbit, aliquem Pseudodamasippum vel cum iac- tūrā reperiēmus.

XX. THE DEDICATION OF POMPEY’S THEATER C(Fam. 7. 1).

M. Cicerō S. D. M. Mariō.

Sī tē dolor aliquī corporis aut īnfīrmitās valētūdinis tuae tenuit quō minus ad lūdōs venīrēs, fortūnae magis tribuō quam sapientiae tuae; sīn haec, quae cēterī mī- rantur, contemnenda dūxistī et, cum per valētūdinem possēs, venīre tamen nōluistī, utrumque laetor, et sine dolōre corporis tē fuisse et animō valuisse, cum ea quae sine causā mīrantur aliī neglēxeris, modo ut tibi cōn-

Appia, and Cicero passed a night here on his way to and from his villas at Formiae and on the coast of Campania. 38. Exhedria, al- coves with seats and intended for lectures and discussions. 39. tabel- lis, paintings. 43. vecturae, con-

veyance. 44. Pseudodamasippum, would-be Damasippus. — iactura, loss.

XX. In his second consulship (55 B.C.) Pompey dedicated the first

permanent theater of Rome and the temple of Venus Victrix adjoining it with shows of unprecedented magni- tude and magnificence. They in- cluded both dramatic representations and the savage sports of the amphni- theater. In this letter Cicero under- took to reconcile Marius to enforced absence from Rome at this time. 4. per valetudinem, so far as your health was concerned. 5. utrum- que, on both accounts. 7. modo ut,

THE DEDICATION OF POMPEY’S THEATER. 49

stiterit frūctus ōtī tuī, quō quidem tibi perfruī mīrificē licuit, cum essēs in istā amoenitāte paene sōlus relictus. Neque tamen dubitō quīn tū in illō cubiculō tuō ex quō tibi Stabiānum perforāstī et patefēcistī sinum per eōs diēs mātūtīna tempora lēctiunculīs cōnsūmpseris, cum illī intereā quī tē istīc relīquērunt spectārent commūnīs mīmōs sēmisomnī. Reliquās vērō partīs diēī tū cōnsū- mēbās iīs dēlectātiōnibus quās tibi ipsī ad arbitrium tuum comparārās, nōbīs autem erant ea perpetienda quae Sp. Maecius probāvisset. Omnīnō, sī quaeris, lūdī apparātissimī, sed nōn tuī stomachī— coniectūram enim faciō dē meō. Nam prīmum honōris causā in scaenam redierant iī quōs ego honōris causā dē scaenā dēcēsse arbitrābar. Dgēliciae vērō tuae, noster Aesōpus, ēius modī fuit ut eī dēsinere per omnīs hominēs licēret. Is iūrāre cum coepisset, vōx eum dēfēcit in illō locō: “Sī sciēns fallō. Quid tibi ego alia nārrem? Nōstī enim reliquōs lūdōs, quī nē id quidem lepōris habuērunt quod solent mediocrēs lūdī. Apparātūs enim spectātiō tollē- bat omnem hnilaritātem, quō quidem apparātū nōn dubitō

if only. — constiterit, was without ing. 14. mimos, farces. 15. ad

alloy. 9. cum... relictus: Marius was at his villa on the Bay of Naples. 10. cubiculo, study. 11. Stabia- num .. . sinum: this seems to mean that Marius had cut down some trees on his estate at Stabiae that the bay might be in sight from his study windows; the vista is said to have been produced by boring a pas- sage through (perforasti) the trees. 12. lectiunculis, in desultory read- COR. OF CIC.— 4

arbitrium tuum, to0 your own liking. 17. Sp. Maecius: he had been in- trusted by Pompey with the selection of the plays and the supervision of their performance. 18. appara- tissimi, most splendid. — tui sto- machi, to your taste. 19. honoris causa, to0 grace the occasion; below, because they no longer graced the 20. decesse, for decessisse. 25. le-

stage. 21. Deliciae, favorite actor.

IO0

15

25 30

35

40

45

50 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

quīn animō aequissimō carueris. Quid enim dēlectātiō- nis habent sēscentī mūlī in Clytaemnēstrā, aut in Equō Trōiānō crētērrārum tria mīlia, aut armātūra varia pedi- tātūs et equitātūs in aliquā pūgnā? Quae populārem admīrātiōnem habuērunt, dēlectātiōnem tibi nūllam attu- lissent. Quod sī tū per eōs diēs operam dedistī Prō- togenī tuō, dum modo is tibi quidvīs potius quam ōrātiōnēs meās lēgerit, nē tū haud paulō plūs quam quisquam nostrūm dēlectātiōnis habuistī. Nōn enim tē putō Graecōs aut Oscōs lūdōs dēsīderāsse, praesertim cum Oscōs vel in senātū vestrō spectāre possīs, Graecōs ita nōn amēs ut nē ad vīllam quidem tuam viā Graecā Nam quid ego tē āthlētās putem dēsīderāre, quī gladiātōrēs contempseris? In quibus ipse Pompēius cōnfitētur sē et operam et oleum perdidisse. Reliquae sunt vēnātiōnēs bīnae per diēs quīnque, māgnificae — nēmō negat —, sed quae potest hominī esse polītō dē-

īre soleās.

lectātiō cum aut homō imbēcillus ā valentissimā bēstiā laniātur aut praeclāra bēstia vēnābulō trānsverberātur? Quae tamen, sī videnda sunt, saepe vīdistī; neque nōs

quī haec spectāmus quicquam novī vīdimus. Extrēmus

poris, elegance. 29. Clytaemnestra, Equo Troiano, plays by Accius and Naevius. 30. creterrarum, = cra- terarum, bowls. 33. operam, atten- tion.— Protogeni, a slave whose duty it was to read to Marius (anagnostesy. 37. Oscos, i.e. the farcical fabulae Atellanae, so called from Atella, a town of the Otsci. 38. senatu, perhaps the local gov- erning board; the Campanian col-

leagues of Marius were as droll as the clowns of their native farces. 41. In quibus, i.e. in the athletic contests. 42. operam. .. perdi- disse, had had his labor for his pains. 43. venationes, hunts,; these were fights between men and wild beasts. On the present occasion five hundred lions alone were killed. 44. po- lito, of refinement. 45. imbecillus, feeble. 46. laniatur, is torn to

THE DEDICATION OF POMPEY’S THEATER. 5I

elephantōrum diēs fuit, in quō admīrātiō māgna vulgī atque turbae, dēlectātiō nūlla exstitit. Quīn etiam mise- ricordia quaedam cōnsecūta est atque opīniō ēius modī, esse quandam illī bēluae cum genere hūmānō societā- tem. Hīs ego tamen diēbus, lūdīs scaenicīs, nē forte videar tibi nōn modo beātus, sed līber omnīnō fuisse, dīrūpī mē paene in iūdiciō Gallī Canīnī, familiāris tuī. Quod sī tam facilem populum habērem quam Aesōpus habuit, libenter mehercule artem dēsinerem tēcumque et cum similibus nostrī vīverem. Nam mē cum anteā taedēbat, cum et aetās et ambitiō mē hortābātur et licē- bat dēnique quem nōlēbam nōn dēfendere, tum vērō hōc tempore vīta nūlla est. Neque enim frūctum ūllum labō- ris exspectō, et cōgor nōn numquam hominēs nōn optimē dē mē meritōs rogātū eōrum quī bene meritī sunt dēfen- dere. Itaque quaerō causās omnīs aliquandō vīvendī arbitrātū meō tēque et istam ratiōnem ōtī tuī et laudō vehementer et probō, quodque nōs minus intervīsis, hōc ferō animō aequiōre, quod, sī Rōmae essēs, tamen neque nōs lepōre tuō neque tē —sī quī est in mē — meō fruī licēret propter molestissimās occupātiōnēs meās. Qui- bus sī mē relaxārō—nam ut plānē exsolvam nōn postulō —, tē ipsum, quī multōs annōs nihil aliud commentāris, docēbō profectō quid sit hūmāniter vīvere. Tū modo istam imbēcillitātem valētūdinis tuae sustentā et tuēre, pieces. 49. vulgi atque turbae, com- acc. with desinere in Cicero. mon herd. 55. Galli Canini, cogno- 68. lepore, agreeable conversation. men and nomen, the usual order in 70. me relaxaro, obtain some res- familiar Latin when the praenomen pite. 71. commentaris, have been

is omitted. 56. facilem, willing. | studying. 72. humaniter vivere, 57. artem, the only instance of an l t0 live a life of gentlemanly leisure.

s0

55

6o0

65

70 75

so

52 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICFRO.

ut facis, ut nostrās vīllās obīre et mēcum simul lectīculā concursāre possīs. Haec ad tē plūribus verbīs scrīpsī quam soleō, nōn ōtī abundantiā, sed amōris ergā tē, quod mē quādam epistulā subinvītārās, sī memoriā tenēs, ut ad tē aliquid ēius modī scrīberem quō minus tē praetermīsisse lūdōs paenitēret. Quod sī adsecūtus sum, gaudeō; sīn minus, hōc mē tamen cōnsōlor, quod posthāc ad lūdōs veniēs nōsque vīsēs neque in epistulīs relinquēs meīs spem aliquam dēlectātiōnis tuae.

A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION (Fam. 7. 5).

Cicerō Caesarī Imp. S. D.

XXI.

Vidē quam mihi persuāserim tē mē esse alterum, nōn modo in iīs rēbus quae ad mē ipsum, sed etiam in iīs quae ad meōs pertinent. C. Trebātium cōgitāram, quō- cumque exīrem, mēcum dūcere, ut eum meīs omnibus studiīs, beneficiīs quam ōrnātissimum domum redūcerem; of public service. Imp. (greeting), Imperatori. I. te... alterum, that

you are my second self. 3. meos, my friends. 4. mecum ducere:

74. obire, visit. — lecticula, sedan- chair. 75. concursare, travel about.
75. me... subinvitaras, had hinted to me.

XXI. Written in April, 54 B.C.,, the year of Caesar’s second invasion of Britain, of which he gives an ac- count in Book V. of the Bellum Gallisum. C. Trebatius Testa was a famous jurist; he was about to g0 out to Caesar in Gaul, that he might gain the military experience which was thought an important part of the Roman’s preparation for a life

after Cicero’s return from exile in 57 B.C. he had carried a law intrust- ing to Pompey the control of the grain supply for five years, and had been appointed one of his deputies (legatiy). Pompey was now also governor of Spain, and Cicero may at one time have thought of ac- companying him to that province, but Pompey remained at Rome.

A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION. 53

sed posteā quam et Pompēī commorātiō diūturnior erat quam putāram, et mea quaedam tibi nōn īgnōta dubi- tātiō aut impedīre profectiōnem meam vidēbātur aut certē tardāre, vidē quid mihi sūmpserim. Coepī velle ea Trebātium exspectāre ā tē quae spērāsset ā mē, neque mehercule minus eī prōlixē dē tuā voluntāte prō- mīsī quam eram solitus dē meā pollicērī. Cāsus vērō mīrificus quīdam intervēnit quasi vel testis opīniōnis meae vel spōnsor hūmānitātis tuae. Nam cum dē hōc ipsō Trebātiō cum Balbō nostrō loquerer accūrātius domī meae, litterae mihi dantur ā tē, quibus in extrē- mīs scrīptum erat: ‘M. Itēium, quem mihi commendās, vel rēgem Galliae faciam, vel hunc Leptae dēlēgā, sī

vīs. Tū ad mē alium mitte quem ōrnem.” Sustulimus

manūs et ego et Balbus. Tanta fuit opportūnitās ut illud nesciō quid nōn fortuītum, sed dīvīnum vidērētur. Mittō igitur ad tē Trebātium, atque ita mittō ut initiō meā sponte, post autem invītātū tuō mittendum dūxe- rim. Hunc, mī Caesar, sīc velim omnī tuā cōmitāte complectāre ut omnia quae per mē possīs addūcī ut in meōs cōnferre velīs in ūnum hunc cōnferās. Dē quō tibi Homine haec spondeō, nōn illō vetere verbō meō quod, cum ad tē dē Milōne scrīpsissem, iūre lūsistī, sed mōre Rōmānō, quō modō hominēs nōn ineptī loquun- tur, probiōrem hominem, meliōrem virum, pudentiōrem 7. dubitatio, irresolution. 11. pro- ] 22. ita mitto ut, / send him in the lixe, fqeely. 12. Casus, coincidence. belief that. 24. tua comitate, your 14. sponsor, pledge. 15. Balbo, Cae- l accustomed ākindness. 28. Milone, sar’s agent at Rome. — accuratius, the murderer of Clodius. 29. more

somewhat earnestly. 18. delega, in- Romano, i.e. with Roman bluntness trust. 21. divinum, providential. l andsincerity.—inepti, without sense.

10

I5

25

30 35

40

54 CORRESPŌONDENCE OF CICERO.

esse nēminem. Accēādit etiam quod familiam dūcit in iūre cīvīlī singulārī memoriā, summā scientiā Huic ego neque tribūnātum neque praefectūram neque ūllīus beneficī certum nōmen petō, benevolentiam tuam et līberālitātem petō, neque impediō quō minus, sī tibi ita placuerit, etiam hīsce eum ōrnēs glōriolae īnsīgnibus. Tōtum dēnique hominem tibi ita trādō, ‘dē manū,’ ut āiunt, ‘in manum’ tuam istam et victōriā et fidē prae- stantem. Sīmus enim pūtidiusculī, quamquam per tē vix licet; vērum, ut videō, licēbit. Cūrā ut valeās et mē, ut amās, amā.

XXII. CICERO QUOTES FROM ENNIUS

(Fam. 7. 6).

Cicerō S. D. Trebātiō.

In omnibus meīs epistulīs quās ad Caesarem aut ad Balbum mittō lēgitima quaedam est accessiō commendā- tiōnis tuae, nec ea vulgāris, sed cum aliquō īnsīgnī in- diciō meae ergā tē benevolentiae. Tū modo ineptiās istās et dēsīderia urbis et urbānitātis dēpōne et, quō cōnsiliō profectus es, id adsiduitāte et virtūte cōnse- quere. vērunt Mēdēae,

Hōc tibi tam īgnōscēmus nōs amīcī quam īgnō-

31. familiam, profession. 32. me- moria, scientia, abl. of cause. 33. ul- lius... nomen, any particular favor by name. 35. impedio, object. 39. pu- tidiusculi, a iittle troublesome. XXII. 2. legitima, regular.— accessio, addition.— commendatio-

nis, appositional gen. 3. tuae, tui. 4. ineptias... desideria, silly longing. 5. urbanitatis, the life of the city. 6. adsiduitate, persever- ance. 7. Hoc, i.e. your absence from Rome. 8. Medeae: the quotations that follow are from the Medea Ex-

NO GOLD OR SILVER IN BRITAIN. 55

quae Corinthum arcem altam habēbant, mātrōnae opulentae, optimātēs,

quibus illa manibus gypsātissimīs persuāsit nē sibi vitiō illae verterent quod abesset ā patriā Nam

multī suam rem bene gessēre et pūblicam patriā procul;

multī, quī domī aetātem agerent, proptereā sunt improbātī. Quō in numerō tū certē fuissēs, nisi tē extrūsissēmus. Sed plūra scrībēmus aliās. Tū, quī cēterīs cavēre didi- cistī, in Britanniā nē ab essedāriīs dēcipiāris cavētō et, quoniam Mēdēam coepī agere, illud semper mementō:

Quī ipse sibi sapiēns prōdesse nōn quit, nēquīquam sapit.

Cūrā ut valeās.

XXIII. NO GOLD OR SILVER IN BRITAIN

(Fam. 7.7?). Cicerō Trebātiō.

Ego tē commendāre nōn dēsistō, sed quid prōficiam ex tē scīre cupiō. Spem māximam habeō in Balbō, ad Hlud soleō mīrārī, nōn mē totiēns accipere tuās litterās quo-

tiēns ā Quīntō mihi frātre adferantur. In Britanniā

quem dē tē dīligentissimē et saepissimē scrībō.

sul of Ennius, which was adapted ] 13. improbati, censured. 14. te

from the Medea of Euripides. 9. ha- bebant, = habitabant. — matronae, subj. of ignoverunt. 10. gypsatissi- mis, covered with gypsum; actors used gypsum to whiten their hands and arms. 1I1. verterent, impute. — patria: Medea was a native of Colchis; she had fled from home with Jason, the leader of the Argo- nauts. 12. patria, abl. with procul.

extrusissemus, had thrust you out. 15. alias, at another time.—ceteris cavere, to look out for the security of 16. esse- dariis, charioteers, the warriors who fought from the essedum. 17. agere, to play the part of. 18. quit, = po- test.

XXIII. 5. Quinto: this was the year (54 B.C.) of his life and death

other men, i.e. as a lawver.

I0

IS IO

IO

56 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

nihil esse audiō neque aurī neque argentī. Id sīita est, essedum aliquod capiās suādeō et ad nōs quam prīmum recurrās. Sīn autem sine Britanniā tamen adsequī quod volumus possumus, perfice ut sīs in familiāribus Caesaris. Multum tē in eō frāter adiuvābit meus, multum Balbus, sed, mihi crēde, tuus pudor et labor plūrimum. Impe- rātōrem habēs līberālissimum, aetātem opportūnissimam, commendātiōnem certē singulārem, ut tibi ūnum timen- dum sit, nē ipse tibi dēfuisse videāre.

XXIV. CICERO BANTERS TREBATIUS (Fam. 7. 16. 2, 3).

Ego sī forīs cēnitārem, Cn. Octāviō, familiārī tuō, nōn dēfuissem; cui tamen dīxī, cum mē aliquotiēns invītā- ret: ‘ōrō tē, quis tū es?? Sed meherculēs, extrā iocum, homō bellus est; vellem eum tēcum abdūxissēs. Quid agātis et ecquid in ītaliam ventūrī sītis hāc hieme fac plānē sciam. Balbus mihi cōnfīrmāvit tē dīvitem futūrum. Id utrum Rōmānō mōre locūtus sit, bene nummātum tē futūrum, an quō modō Stōicī dīcunt, omnīs esse dīvitēs quī caelō et terrā fruī possint, posteā vidēbō. Quī istinc veniunt superbiam tuam accūsant,

struggle with the Gallic insurgents. 8S. quod volumus, i.e. the prefer- ment of Trebatius. 12. aetatem: Trebatius was at this time about thirty-five.

XXIV. I. si foris cenitarem, if I were in the habit of dining out. 3. extra iocum, joking apant. 4. homo bellus, a fine fellow. 5. ec-

quid . .. sitis, whether you are com- ing at all; Caesar usually spent the winter in Gallia Cisalpina, that he might watch the course of events at Rome, but during the winter of 54-53 B.C. he thought it necessary to remain with his army at Samaro- briva (Amiens). 7. Romano more, literally. — bene nummatum, uwell

TREBATIUS AN INDIFFERENT SOLDIER. 57

quod negent tē percontantibus respondēre. Sed tamen est quod gaudeās. Cōnstat enim inter omnīs nēminem tē ūnō Samarobrīvae iūris perītiōrem esse.

XXV. TREBATIUS AN INDIFFERENT SOL- DIER C(Fam. ]. 10.1, 2).

M. Cicerō S. D. Trebātiō.

Lēgī tuās litterās, ex quibus intellēxī tē Caesarī no- strō valdē iūre cōnsultum vidērī. Est quod gaudeās tē in ista loca vēnisse ubi aliquid sapere vidērēre. Quod sī in Britanniam quoque profectus essēs, profectō nēmō in illā tantā īnsulā perītior tē fuisset. Vērum tamen— rīdeāmus licet, sum enim ā tē invītātus — subinvideō tibi, ultrō etiam arcessītum ab eō ad quem cēterī nōn propter superbiam ēius, sed propter occupātiōnem ad- spīrāre nōn possunt. Sed tū in istā epistulā nihil mihi scrīpsistī dē tuīs rēbus, quae mehercule mihi nōn minōrī cūrae sunt quam meae. vValdē metuō nē frīgeās in hībernīs. Quam ob rem camīnō lūculentō ūtendum cēnseō; idem Mūciō et Mānīliō placēbat, praesertim quī sagīs nōn abundārēs. Quamquam vōs nunc istīc satis calēre audiō, quō quidem nūntiō valdē mehercule

12. camino luculento, a bright fire, literally stove. 13. idem... place-

supplied with money. 11. respon- dere, a sorry pun, ansuwer questions

and give advice, in the latter sense a legal term.

XXV. 2. iure consultum, = iu- ris peritus. 6. subinvideo tibi, 7 am a bit envious of you. 1. eo, i.e. Caesar. 38. adspirare, in the sense in which the Eng. derivative is used.

bat: Cicero cites two famous legal authorities. 14. sagis: the sagum, military cloak, was emblematic of war, as the toga was emblematic of peace, and Cicero may be joking Trebatius upon his disinclination to war. I5. calere: word had reached

I0

I5 20

58 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

dē tē timueram. Sed tū in rē mīlitārī multō es cautior quam in advocātiōnibus, quī neque in Ōceanō natāre volueris, studiōsissimus homō natandī, neque spectāre essedāriōs, quem anteā nē andabatā quidem dēfraudāre poterāmus.

XXVI. THE TRUE NOSBILITY IS THAT OF

WORTH C(Fam. 3.7.5).

Illud īdem Pausania dīcēbat tē dīxisse: ‘Quid nī? Appius Lentulō, Lentulus Ampiō prōcessit obviam, Cicerō Appiō nōluit?? Quaesō, etiamne tū hās inep- tiās, homō meā sententiā summā prūdentiā, multā etiam doctrīnā, plūrimō rērum ūsū, addō urbānitātem, quae est virtūs, ut Stōicī rēctissimē putant, ūllam Appietātem aut Lentulitātem valēre apud mē plūs quam ōrnāmenta vir-

tūtis exīstimās?

Rome that the Gauls under Ambio- rix were making it warm for Cae- sars army. 17. advocationibus, legal consultations. — qui ... pote- ramus: an allusion to the fact that Trebatius had not taken part in the expedition to Britain. 19. anda- bata: these were gladiators who fought blindfold; in essedarios there may be a reference to another class of gladiators, who fought from char- iots.

XXVI. Written in February, s0 B.C. Cicero was from the last of July, 51 B.C., toO the first of August, 50 B.C., in Asia Minor as governor of Cilicia. In 52 B.C. Pompey had

Cum ea cōnsecūtus nōndum eram quae

carried a law providing that the governors of provinces should be consulares and praetorii of five years’ standing; for five years after the passage of this law ex-magis- trates who had not yet had a pro- vincial government were called into service, and Cicero among them. His predecessor was Appius Clau- dius Pulcher, to whom this letter is addressed. I. Quiūd ni? Indeed ? 2. Lentulo, Ampio: Lentulus pre- ceded Appius and succeeded Am- pius. 3. etiam, often used in an impatient question; cf. tandem. 5. urbanitatem, refiuement. 6. ul- lam... Lentulitatem, in app. with

HUNTING PANTHERS FOR A CURULE AEDILE. 50

sunt hominum opīniōnibus amplissima, tamen ista vestra nōmina numquam sum admīrātus; virōs eōs quī ea vōbīs relīquissent māgnōs arbitrābar. Posteā vērō quam ita et cēpī et gessī māxima imperia ut mihi nihil neque ad honōrem neque ad glōriam adquīrendum putārem, supe- riōrem quidem numquam, sed parem vōbīs mē spērāvī esse factam. Nec mehercule aliter vīdī exīstimāre vel Cn. Pompēium, quem omnibus quī umquam fuērunt, vel P. Lentulum, quem mihi ipsī antepōnō. Tū sī aliter exīstimās, nihil errābis, sī pāulō dīligentius, ut quid sit “etyeveta, quid sit nōbilitās intellegās, Athēnodōrus, San- dōnis fīlius, quid dē hīs rēbus dīcat attenderis.

XXVII. HUNTING PANTHERS FOR A CURULE AEDILE (Fam. 2. 11).

M. Cicerō Imp. S. D. M. Caeliō Aedīlī Curūlī.

Putārēsne umquam accidere posse ut mihi verba de- essent, neque sōlum ista vestra ōrātōria, sed haec etiam levia nostrātia? Dēsunt autem propter hanc causam, quod mīrificē sum sollicitus quidnam dē prōvinciīs dē-

cernātur. Mīrum mē dēsīderium tenet urbis, incrēdibile

vi); his speech (pro Caelio) is still extant. Imp. (greeting): Cicero

has ineptias. 12. imperia, magis- tracies. 19. eōvyeveua, nodility of

ōbirth. — nobilitas, nobility of worth. — Athenodorus, a Stoic philoso- pher, the tutor of Augustus. XXVII. Written April 4th, 50 B.c. M. Caelius Rufus had been defended by Cicero in 56 B.C. against the charge of attempted murder (de

had been hailed Jmperator by his soldiers after a successful expedition against some mountain tribes of his 3. levia nostratia, the simple words of our mother tongue, i.e. of the sermo cottidianus. 4. quod ... decernatur: Cicero was anxious

province.

IO

I5 IO

I5

60 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

meōrum atque in prīmīs tuī, satietās autem prōvinciae, vel quia vidēmur eam fāmam cōnsecūtī ut nōn tam accessiō quaerenda quam fortūna metuenda sit, vel quia tōtum negōtium nōn est dīgnum vīribus nostrīs, quī māiōra onera in rē pūblicā sustinēre et possim et so- leam, vel quia bellī māgnī timor impendet, quod vidē- mur effugere sī ad cōnstitūtam diem dēcēdēmus. Dē panthērīs, per eōs quī vēnārī solent agitur mandātū meō dīligenter; sed mīra paucitās est, et eās quae sunt valdē āiunt querī quod nihil cuiquam īnsidiārum in meā prō- vinciā nisi sibi fīat. Itaque cōnstituisse dīcuntur in Cāriam ex nostrā prōvinciā dēcēdere. Sed tamen sē- dulō fit, et in prīmīs ā Patīscō. Quicquid erit, tibi erit, sed quid esset plānē nesciēbāmus. Mihi mehercule māgnae cūrae est aedīlitās tua. Ipse diēs mē admonē- bat, scrīpsī enim haec ipsīs Megalēnsibus. Tū velim ad mē dē omnī reī pūblicae statū quam dīligentissimē perscrībās, ea enim certissima putābō quae ex tē cōgnōrō.

that his successor should be ap- pointed, that he might return to Rome immediately upon the termi- nation of his year of office on July 30th. 8. fortuna, i.e. a change of fortune. 11. belli magni, with the Parthians, who since the battle of Carrhae had been threatening Asia Minor; at this time and for many years they were considered the most formidable of the foes of Rome. 15. quod ... fiat: Cicero’s ad- ministration had been remarkably free from the corruption and cru-

elty that characterized Roman pro- vincial government. 17. sedulo, = diligenter. 19. nesciebamus, aū- monebat, scripsi, epistolary tenses. 21. Megalensibus, the Megalensia was a festival in honor of Cybele, celebrated from April 4th to rioth; the games at this festival were in charge of the curule aediles. 23. per- scribas, write in detail; during his absence in Cilicia Cicero depended upon Caelius for the political news of Rome, and Bk. VIII. ad Fam. is made up entirely of the latter’s letters.

CICERO AND HIS SECRETARY.

XXVIII.

61

CICERO AND HIS SECRETARY

(Fam. 16. 1).

Tullius Tīrōnī Suō S. P. D. et Cicerō Meus et Frāter et Frātris F.

Paulō facilius putāvī posse mē ferre dēsīderium tuī, sed plānē nōn ferō, et quamquam māgnī ad honōrem

nostrum interest quam prīmum ad urbem mē venīre, tamen peccāsse mihi videor, quī ā tē discesserim; sed quia tua voluntās ea vidēbātur esse ut prōrsus nisi cōn- s fīrmātō corpore nōllēs nāvigāre, approbāvī tuum cōnsi- lium, neque nunc mūtō, sī tū in eādem es sententiā. Sīn autem posteā quam cibum cēpistī, vidēris tibi posse

mē cōnsequī, tuum cōnsilium est. mīsī, ut aut tēcum ad mē quam prīmum venīret aut, sī io tū morārēre, statim ad mē redīret.

Mariōnem ad tē eō

Tū autem hōc tibi

persuādē, sī commodō valētūdinis tuae fierī possit, nihil mē mālle quam tē esse mēcum; sī autem intellegēs opus esse tē Patrīs convalēscendī causā paulum commorārī,

nihil mē mālle quam tē valēre.

Leucade cōnsequēre; sīn tē cōnfīrmāre vīs, et comitēs et tempestātēs et nāvem idōneam ut habeās dīligenter

XXVIII. Written November 3d, 50 B.C., on the journey from Cilicia. Tiro was sick, and on November a2d Cicero had been obliged to leave him behind at Patrae in Achaia. Suo, Meus (greeting): notice the change of person. 2. plane, at all well. — honorem: Cicero hoped to be granted a triumph for his military successes in Cilicia. 3. ad urbem,

i.e. into the neighborhood of Rome; Cicero could not enter the city until the question of his triumph was de- cided without forfeiting his military imperium and all claim to a tri- umph. S5. prorsus. .. nolles, you were altogether unwilling. 9. tuum consilium est, it is for you to decide what to do.— Marionem, a slave. 12. commodo, without injury to.

Sī statim nāvigās, nōs ss 25

62 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

Ōnum illud, mī Tīrō, vidētō, sī mē amās, nē tē Mariōnis adventus et hae litterae moveant. Quod valētūdinī tuae māximē condūcet sī fēceris, māximē obtemperāris voluntātī meae. Haec prō tuō ingeniō cōnsīderā. Nōs ita tē dēsīderāmus ut amēmus; amor ut valentem videāmus hortātur, dēsīderium ut quam prīmum. Illud igitur potius. Cūrā ergō potissimum ut valeās; dē tuīs innumerābilibus in mē officiīs erit hōc grātissimum.

vidēbis.

1m1. Nōnās Novembrīs.

XXIX. CICERO AS AN EPICURE (Fam. 9. 20).

Cicerō Paetō.

Dupliciter dēlectātus sum tuīs litterīs, et quod ipse

rīsī et quod tē intellēxī iam posse rīdēre.

Mē autem ā

tē, ut scurram vēlitem, malīs onerātum esse nōn mo-

lestē tulī.

Illud doleō, in ista loca venīre mē, ut cōn-

stitueram, nōn potuisse; habuissēs enim nōn hospitem,

sed contubernālem. At quem virum! tū es solitus prōmulside cōnficere.

ōvum adferō, itaque ūsque

18. videbis, a polite equivalent of vide, found chiefly in familiar dic- tion. 21. obtemperaris voluntati meae, will consult my wishes. 22. ita ... ut amemus, only so far as our love allows.

XXIX. Written early in August, 46 B.C. 3. scurram velitem, a sāir- mishing wit,; perhaps scurram refers to the professional diner-out, who paid for the dinners he ate by his contribution to the amusement of

Nōn eum quem Integram famem ad ad āssum vitulīnum opera

the guests. There will then be a pun in malis oneratum, overwhelmed with abuse (mālisy and pelted with apples (mdlis), as the scurra might be at a boisterous dinner. 6. contu- bernalem, boon companion. 1. pro- mulside, appetizer; this first course of the dinner might include eggs, pickles, shell-fish, vegetables, salted fish, olives, andsimilar dishes, and muit- sum, a drink made of wine and honey. 8. assum vitulinum, the roast veal.

CICERO AS AN EPICURE. 63

perdūcitur. Illa mea quae solēbās anteā laudāre, ‘Ō hominem facilem! ōŌ hospitem nōn gravem!” abiērunt. Nam omnem nostram dē rē pūblicā cūram, cōgitātiōnem dē dīcendā in senātū sententiā, commentātiōnem causā- rum abiēcimus; in Epicūrī nōs, adversārī nostrī, castra coniēcimus, nec tamen ad hanc īnsolentiam, sed ad illam tuam lautitiam, veterem dīcō, cum in sūmptum habēbās, etsī numquam plūra praedia habuistī. Proinde tē parā. Cum homine et edācī tibi rēs est et quī iam aliquid intellegat; ēyruateīs autem hominēs scīs quam īnso- lentēs sint. Dēdiscendae tibi sunt sportellae et arto- laganī tuī. Nōs iam ex arte istā tantum habēmus ut Verrium tuum et Camillum — quā munditiā hominēs, quā ēlegantiā! — vocāre saepius audeāmus. Sed vidē audāciam. Etiam Hīrtiō cēnam dedī, sine pāvōne ta- men. In eā cēnā cocus meus praeter iūs fervēns nihil nōn potuit imitārī. Haec igitur est nunc vīta nostra:

of the war. Paetus had suffered finan- cial loss as a creditor. 17. edaci, who has a good appetite. 18. ān- paēeīs, who have learned late.

11. Nam ... curam: the senato- rial party had been completely over- thrown by the defeat at Thapsus on April 6th, and Cicero despaired of

the republic. 12. commentationem, preparation. 14. hanc insolen- tiam, the prevailing extravagance. 15. lautitiam, elegance.— cum... habebas, when you had money to spend. 16. etsi ... habuisti: the value of land had depreciated throughout Italy in consequence of the civil war, and in 49 Bn.C. Caesar had provided for the relief of debt- ors by a law which required creditors to accept property in payment of debt at its value before the outbreak

19. Dediscendae, unlearn, forget. — sportellae, little baskets, used evidently for some article of food; perhaps there is hendiadys with artolagani, little baskets of cabkes.
20. munditia, niceness. 22. vo- care, asē to dinner. 23. Hirtio, the author of Book VIII. of the Bellum Gallicum, who lost his life at Mutina in 53 B.C. — pavone, peacock, first served by Hortensius, and now become a fashionable lux- ury. 24. cocus, cook. —ius, sauce.

IO

IS

25 30

35

64 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

māne salūtāmus domī et bonōs virōs multōs, sed trīstīs, et hōs laetōs victōrēs, quī mē quidem perofficiōsē et peramanter observant. Ubi salūtātiō dēfluxit, litterīs mē involvō; aut scrībō aut legō. mē audiunt quasi doctum hominem, quia paulō sum quam ipsī doctior. Inde corporī omne tempus datur. Patriam ēlūxī iam et gravius et diūtius quam ūlla māter

Veniunt etiam quī

ūnicum fīlium. Sed cūrā, sī mē amās, ut valeās, nē ego tē iacente bona tua comedim. Statuī enim tibi nē aegrōtō quidem parcere.

XXX. THE PARDON OF MARCELLUS (from Fam. 4. 4).

Ōnō tē vīcimus, quod dē Mārcellī, conlēgae tuī, salūte paulō ante quam tū cōgnōvimus; etiam mehercule, quod quem ad modum ea rēs agerētur vīdimus. Nam sīc fac exīstimēs, post hās miseriās, id est, postquam

armīs disceptārī coeptum est de iūre pūblicō, nihil esse

āctum aliud cum dīgnitāte.

Nam et ipse Caesar accū-

sātā acerbitāte Mārcellī— sīc enim appellābat — laudā-

26. salutamus, greet,; the visitors called in accordance with custom to pay their respects to the great man; this formal morning call was called salutatio. —bonos viros, the defeated Pompeians. 28. defluxit, is over. 31. corpori, i.e. to exercise, the bath, and dinner. 32. eluxi, have mourned; the prefix denotes that the period of mourning has been completed. 34. comedim, eat up. 35. aegroto, = aegro.

XXX. Written in September or October, 46 s.C., to Servius Sulpi- cius, who was administering the province of Achaia. M. Marcellus had during his consulship (51 B.C.) shown himself a most bitter enemy of Caesar, and since Pharsalus had been living in voluntary exile at My- tilene. 1. Uno, in one respect.— conlegae, in the consulship of 51 B.C. — salute, restoration. 6. et ipse Caesar: therc is a slight ana-

THE PARDON OF MARCELLUS. 65

tāque honōrificentissimē et aequitāte tuā et prūdentiā repente praeter spem dīxit sē senātuī rogantī dē Mār- cellō nē hominis quidem causā negātūrum. Fēcerat autem hōc senātus, ut cum ā L. Pīsōne mentiō esset facta dē Mārcellō et cum C. Mārcellus sē ad Caesaris pedēs abiēcisset, cūnctus cōnsurgeret et ad Caesarem supplex accēderet. Nōlī quaerere. Ita mihi pulcher hīc diēs vīsus est ut speciem aliquam vidērer vidēre quasi revīvīscentis reī pūblicae. Itaque cum omnēs ante mē rogātī grātiās Caesarī ēgissent praeter Volca- cium — is enim, sī eō locō esset, negāvit sē factūrum fuisse —, ego rogātus mūtāvī meum cōnsilium. Nam statueram nōn mehercule inertiā, sed dēsīderiō prīstinae dīgnitātis in perpetuum tacēre. Frēgit hōc meum cōn- silium et Caesaris māgnitūdō animī et senātūs officium. Itaque plūribus verbīs ēgī Caesarī grātiās, mēque metuō nē etiam in cēterīs rēbus honestō ōtiō prīvārim, quod erat ūnum sōlācium in malīs. Sed tamen, quoniam effūgī ēius offēnsiōnem, quī fortasse arbitrārētur mē hanc rem pūblicam nōn putāre, sī perpetuō tacērem, modicē hōc faciam aut etiam intrā modum, ut et illīus voluntātī et meīs studiīs serviam. Nam etsī ā prīmā aetāte mē omnis ars et doctrīna līberālis et māximē philosophia dēlectāvit, tamen hōc studium cottīdiē

coluthon, Fecerat autem senatus ]sc. sententiam. 18. eo loco, i.e. in standing for et senatus fecerat. Caesar’s place. 20. inertia, disincli- 10. hominis ... causa, t0 satisfy l nation. —Qdūesiderio, regret. 22. of- his personal feeling. 12. C. Marcel- ficium, loyalty. 23. Itaque... lus, cousin of Marcus. 13. cunctus, ] gratias, in the Oratio pro M. Mar- in a body. 14. Noli quaerere, = | cello so called. 27. rem publicam, quid quaeris, in short. 17. rogati, l a constitutional government. 28. hoc CORr. OF CIC. —5

Xē

IS

25

30 35

IO

66 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

ingravēscit, crēdō et aetātis mātūritāte ad prūdentiam et iīs temporum vitiīs, ut nūlla rēs alia levāre animum molestiīs possit. Ā quō studiō tē abdūcī negōtiīs intel- legō ex tuīs litterīs, sed tamen aliquid iam noctēs tē adiuvābunt.

XXXI. A PILFERING LIBRARIAN

(Fam. 13. 77. 3).

Praetereā ā tē petō in māiōrem modum prō nostrā amīcitiā et prō tuō perpetuō in mē studiō ut in hāc rē etiam ēlabōrēs. Dionȳsius, servus meus, quī meam bibliothēcēn multōrum nummōrum trāctāvit, cum mul- tōs librōs subripuisset nec sē impūne lātūrum putāret, aufūgit. Is est in prōvinciā tuā; eum et M. Bōlānus, meus familiāris, et multī aliī Narōnae vīdērunt, sed cum Hunc

tū sī mihi restituendum cūrāris, nōn possum dīcere quam

sē ā mē manūmissum esse dīceret, crēdidērunt.

mihi grātum futūrum sit. meī dolor māgnus est. Bōlānus tē docēbit.

Rēs ipsa parva, sed animī

Ubi sit et quid fierī possit, Ego sī hominem per tē reciperārō,

summō mē ā tē beneficiō adfectum arbitrābor.

faciam, i.e. take part in the deliber- ations of the senate. 32. ingrave- scit, grows more earnest. — aetatis ... prudentiam, ōbecause I have now come to the age of full mental vigor. 35. noctes, i.e. because they were growing longer.

XXXI. 1. in maiorem modum, very earnestly. 3. elabores, do your best to assist me; notice the force of

the prefix. 4. bibliothecen, Greek form, = bibliothecam. — multorum nummorum, = magni preti, pretio- sam. — tractavit, had charge of. 6. provincia tua: the letter is ad- dressed to the Roman commander in Illyricum. 7. Naronae, a city of Dalmatia, one of the divisions of Inllyricum. 12. hominem, the fellow; used contemptuously for eum.

A FAMILY PEDIGREE. 67

XXXII. A FAMILY PEDIGREE (Fam. 9. 210).

Cicerō Paetō S.

Ain tandem? īnsānīre tibi vidēris, quod imitēre ver- bōrum meōrum, ut scrībis, fulmina? Tum īnsānīrēs, sī cōnsequī nōn possēs; cum vērō etiam vincās, mē prius inrīdeās quam tē oportet. Quā rē nihil tibi opus est illud ā Trabeā, sed potius āmorevyua meum. Vērum tamen quid tibi ego videor in epistulīs? Nōnne plēbēiō sermōne agere tēcum? Nec enim semper eōdem modō. Quid enim simile habet epistula aut iūdiciō aut cōn- tiōnī? Quīn ipsa iūdicia nōn solēmus omnia trāctāre ūnō modō. Prīvātās causās, et eās tenuīs, agimus sub- tīlius, capitis aut fāmae scīlicet ōrnātius; epistulās vērō cottīdiānīs verbīs texere solēmus. Sed tamen, mī Paete, quī tibi vēnit in mentem negāre Papīrium quemquam umquam nisi plēbēium fuisse? Fuērunt enim patriciī minōrum gentium, quōrum prīnceps L. Papīrius Mūgil- lānus, quī cēnsor cum L. Semprōniō Ātrātīnō fuit, cum ante cōnsul cum eōdem fuisset, annīs post Rōmam con- ditam cccxir. Sed tum Papīsiī dīcēbāminī. Post hunc xni. fuērunt sellā curūlī ante L. Papīrium Crassum, quī

XXXII. 1. Ain tandem ? In- deed! s5. illud, that quotation;

rium: the Paeti were a family of the Papiria gens. 15. minorum

Trabea was an early writer of come- dies. — āw6revypa, railure; sc. est. 8S. iudicio, the address to a jury.— contioni, a golitical speech. 10. te- nuis, of slight importance.— sub- tilius, more simply. 12. texere, compose. 13. qui, the adv.—Papi-

gentium: the minores gentes were clans which had been incorporated into the early settlement on the Palatine and ennobled, as distin- guished from the clans of the orig- inal settlers there (maiores gentes). 19. sella curuli, abl. of description.

IO

I5 20

25

30

35

68 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

prīmus Papīsius est vocārī dēsitus. Is dictātor cum L. Papīriō Cursōre magistrō equitum factus est annīs post Rōmam conditam ccccxv. et quadrienniō post cōnsul cum K. Duīliō. Hunc secūtus est Cursor, homō valdē honōrātus; deinde L. Masō aedīlīcius; inde multī Ma- sōnēs. Quōrum quidem tū omnium patriciōrum imāgi- nēs habeās volō. Deinde Carbōnēs et Turdīīnsequuntur. Hī plēbēiī fuērunt, quōs contemnās cēnseō. Nam prae- ter hunc C. Carbōnem quem Damasippus occīdit, cīvis ē rē pūblicā Carbōnum nēmō fuit. Cōgnōvimus Cn. Carbōnem et ēius frātrem scurram. Quid hīs impro- bius? Dē hōc amīcō meō, Rubriae fīliō, nihil dīcō. Treēs illī frātrēs fuērunt, C., Cn., M. Carbōnēs. Mārcus P. Flaccō accūsante est condemnātus, fūr māgnus, ex Siciliā; Gāius accūsante L. Crassō cantharidas sūmp- sisse dīcitur. Is et tribūnus pl. sēditiōsus et P. Āfricānō vim attulisse exīstimātus est. Hōc vērō quī Lilybaeī ā Pompēiō nostrō est interfectus improbior nēmō meō

iūdiciō fuit.

20. Papisius: s between two vow- els was everywhere in Latin words changed to r at an early stage in the development of the language; this change is known as rhotacism.
21. valde honoratus: he was one of the Roman leaders in the Second Samnite War, and was twice dicta- tor and five times consul. 24. aedi- licius, the ex-aedile, i.e. who rose to the aedileshit. 25. imagines: the imagines of those who had filled some curule magistracy could alone be set up in the atrium of the house

Iam pater ēius accūsātus ā M. Antō-

of the descendant and carried in funeral processions. 28. occidit, in 82 B.C. as a partisan of Sulla. — civis e re publica, a useful citi- 2zen. 29. Cn. Carbonem, the Marian leader. 34. Gaius: he had at one time supported the Gracchi, and his political apostasy did not save him. —L. Crasso, the orator. — cantharidas, cantharis, a poison. 35. P. Africano, the younger. 36. Hoc, Cn. Carbo, the Marian leader. 38. pater, the third of the brothers mentioned above; he was

A MONUMENT TO TULIIA. 69

niō sūtōriō ātrāmentō absolūtus putātur. Quā rē ad patrēs cēnseō revertāre; plēbēiī quam fuerint impor- tūnī vidēs. XXXIII. CICERO GRIEVES FOR TULLIA (from Att. 12. 15).

In hāc sōlitūdine careō omnium conloquiō, cumque māne mē in silvam abstrūsī dēnsam et asperam, nōn exeō inde ante vesperum. Secundum tē nihil est mihi amīcius sōlitūdine. In eā mihi omnis sermō est cum litterīs; eum tamen interpellat flētus, cui repūgnō, quoad possum, sed adhūc parēs nōn sumus.

XXXIV. A MONUMENT TO TULLIA (Att. 12. 18. 1).

Cicerō Atticō Saal.

Dum recordātiōnēs fugiō, quae quasi morsū quōdam dolōrem efficiunt, refugiō ad tē admonendum, quod velim mihi īgnōscās, cuicuimodī est. Etenim habeō nōn nūllōs ex iīs quōs nunc lēctitō auctōrēs quī dīcant fierī id oportēre quod saepe tēcum ēgī et quod ā tē approbārī volō. Dē fānō illō dīcō, dē quō tantum quan-

defeated by the Cimbri at Noreia in 113 B.Cc. —M. Antonio, the orator. 39. sutorio atramento, shoemaker’s blacking, a poison.

XXXIIīI. Written March oth, 45 B.c. Cicero had lost his beloved daughter, Tullia, in the middle of February, and he was now at his

villa at Astura, the solitude of which was grateful in his sorrow. I. careo, Iuwithdraw from. 2. abstrusi, have buried myself.

XXXIV. Written March 11th, 45 B.c. 3. cuicuimodi, for cuius- cuius modi, gen. of quisquis mo-

dus. 4. lectito, freq. of lego.

40 I0

I5

70 CORRESPŌONDENCE OF CICERO.

tum mē amās velim cōgitēs. Equidem neque dē genere dubitō— placet enim mihi Cluātī —, neque dē rē —sta- tūtum est enim —, dē locō nōn numquam. vVelim igitur cōgitēs. Ego, quantum hīs temporibus tam ērudītīs fierī poterit, profectō illam cōnsecrābō omnī genere monu- mentōrum ab omnium ingeniīs scrīptōrum et Graecōrum et Latīnōrum, quae rēs forsitan sit refricātūra vulnus meum. Sed iam quasi vōtō quōdam et prōmissō mē tenērī putō, longumque illud tempus cum nōn erō magis mē movet quam hōc exiguum, quod mihi tamen nimium longum vidētur. Habeō enim nihil temptātīs rēbus omnibus in quō adquiēscam. Nam dum illud trāctābam dē quō ad tē ante scrīpsī, quasi fovēbam dolōrēs meōs; nunc omnia respuō, nec quicquam habeō tolerābilius quam sōlitūdinem, quam, quod eram veri- tus, nōn obturbāvit Philippus. Nam ut herī mē salū- tāvit, statim Rōmam profectus est.

XXXV. A LETTER OF CONDOLENCE (Fam. 4. 5). Servius Cicerōnī S.

Posteā quam mihi renūntiātum est dē obitū Tulliae, fīliae tuae, sānē quam prō eō ac dēbuī graviter molestē- que tulī, commūnemque eam calamitātem exīstimāvī,

7. genere, design, plan. 8. Cluati, (Consolatio); it was never pub- an architect. 11. illam, Tullia. ] lished. 20. respuo, relinquish.

8. sit... meum, is likely to re- XXXV. Written in March, 45 open my wound. i138. illud: Cicero B.c., by Servius Sulpicius, the gov- had begun to write for his own ] ernor of Achaia. 2. sane quam, solace a treatise de luctu minuendo l exceedingly. — pro eo ac, = ut.

A LETTER OF CONDOLENCE. 71

quī, sī istīc adfuissem, neque tibi dēfuissem cōramque meum dolōrem tibi dēclārāssem. Etsī genus hōc cōn- sōlātiōnis miserum atque acerbum est, proptereā quia per quōs ea cōnfierī dēbet propinquōs ac familiārīs, iī ipsī parī molestiā adficiuntur neque sine lacrimīs mul- tīs id cōnārī possunt, utī magis ipsī videantur aliōrum cōnsōlātiōne indigēre quam aliīs posse suum officium praestāre, tamen quae in praesentiā in mentem mihi vēnērunt dēcrēvī brevī ad tē perscrībere, nōn quō ea tē fugere exīstimem, sed quod forsitan dolōre impedī- tus minus ea perspiciās. Quid est quod tantō opere tē commoveat tuus dolor intestīnus? Cōgitā quem ad modum adhūc fortūna nōbīscum ēgerit. Ea nēbīs ērepta esse quae hominibus nōn minus quam līberī cāra esse dēbent, patriam, honestātem, dīgnitātem, ho- nōrēs omnīs. Hōc ūnō incommodō additō quid ad dolōrem adiungī potuit? Aut quī nōn in illīs rēbus exercitātus animus callēre iam dēbet atque omnia minō- ris exīstimāre? An illīus vicem, crēdō, dolēs? Quo- tiēns in eam cōgitātiōnem necesse est et tū vēneris et nōs saepe incidimus, hīsce temporibus nōn pessimē cum iīs esse āctum quibus sine dolōre licitum est mortem cum vītā commūtāre! Quid autem fuit quod illam hōc tempore ad vīvendum māgnō opere invītāre posset? Quae rēs? Quae spēs? Quod animī sōlācium? Ut cum aliquō adulēscente prīmāriō coniūncta aetātem gereret?

7. confieri, = confici. 12. brevi, adv. 21. callere, to be insensible of pain.
8. intestinus, private. 18. hone- 22. illius vicem, on her account. statem, reputation. 20. illis re-] 23. veneris, subj. with necesse est. bus, i.e. the fall of the republic. l 29. primario, distinguished. — gere-

IO

I5

25 30

35

40

45

50

72 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

Licitum est tibi, crēdō, prō tuā dīgnitāte ex hāc iuven- tūte generum dīligere, cūius fideī līberōs tuōs tē tūtō committere putārēs? An ut ea līberōs ex sēsē pareret, quōs cum flōrentīs vidēret laetārētur, quī rem ā parente trāditam per sē tenēre possent, honōrēs ōrdinātim peti- tūrī essent, in rē pūblicā, in amīcōrum negōtiīs lībertāte suā ūsūrī? Quid hōrum fuit quod nōn prius quam datum est ademptum sit? ‘(At vērō malum est līberōs āmittere. Malum; nisi hōc pēius sit, haec sufferre et perpetī. Quae rēs mihi nōn mediocrem cōnsōlātiōnem attulit, volō tibi commemorāre, sī forte eadem rēs tibi dolōrem minuere possit. Ex Asiā rediēns cum ab Aegīnā Megaram versus nāvigārem, coepī regiōnēs cir- cumcircā prōspicere. Post mē erat Aegīna, ante mē Megara, dextrā Pīraeus, sinistrā Corinthus, quae oppida quōdam tempore flōrentissima fuērunt, nunc prōstrāta et dīruta ante oculōs iacent. Coepī egomet mēcum sīc cōgitāre: ‘Hem! nōs homunculī indīgnāmur, sī quis nostrūm interiit aut occīsus est, quōrum vīta brevior esse dēbet, cum ūnō locō tot oppidūm cadāvera prō- iecta iacent? vVīsne tū tē, Servī, cohibēre et memi- nisse hominem tē esse nātum?’ Crēde mihi, cōgitātiōne eā nōn mediocriter sum cōnfīrmātus. Hōc idem, sī tibi vidētur, fac ante oculōs tibi prōpōnās. Modo ūnō tem-

ret, = ageret, degeret. 32. liberos translate in the direction of Megora. ... pareret, might become the mother —circumcirca, round about; = quae of sons. 34. ordinatim, i.e. one of- l circumcireca erant. 45. quodam fice aſter the other, as they reached ] tempore, once upon a time. 49. ca- the age of eligibility; the Ciceronian davera, ruins. s50. Visne, will you word is ordine. 38. haec, what we not. 51. Crede mihi: formal prose are now suffering. 42. versus, adv.; l has mihi crede. 53. Modo, tut

A LETTER OF CONDOLENCE. 73

pore tot virī clārissimī interiērunt, dē imperiō populī Rōmānī tanta dēminūtiō facta est, omnēs prōvinciae conquassātae sunt; in ūnīus mulierculae animulā sī iactūra facta est, tantō opere commovēris? Quae sī hōc tempore nōn diem suum obīsset, paucīs post annīs tamen eī moriendum fuit, quoniam homō nāta fuerat. Etiam tū ab hīsce rēbus animum ac cōgitātiōnem tuam āvocā atque ea potius reminīscere quae dīgna tuā per- sōnā sunt: illam quam diū eī opus fuerit vīxisse; ūnā cum rē pūblicā fuisse; tē, patrem suum, praetōrem, cōn- sulem, augurem vīdisse; adulēscentibus prīmāriīs nūp- tam fuisse; omnibus bonīs prope perfūnctam esse; cum rēs pūblica occideret, vītā excessisse. Quid est quod tū aut illa cum fortūnā hōc nōmine querī possītis? Dēnique nōlī tē oblīvīscī Cicerōnem esse et eum quī aliīs cōnsuēris praecipere et dare cōnsilium, neque imi- tārī malōs medicōs, quī in aliēnīs morbīs profitentur tenēre sē medicīnae scientiam, ipsī sē cūrāre nōn pos- sunt; sed potius, quae aliīs tūte praecipere solēs, ea tūte tibi subice atque apud animum prōpōne. Nūllus dolor est quem nōn longinquitās temporis minuat ac molliat. Hōc tē exspectāre tempus tibi turpe est ac nōn eī reī sapientiā tuā tē occurrere. Quod sī quī etiam īnferīs sēnsus est, quī illīus in tē amor fuit pietāsque in

recently. 56. conquassatae, con-] and Dolabella; all were patricians. vulsed. — in.. . est, if the fiaill67. hoc nomine, on this score. 69. life of one little woman has been consueris, = consueveris.—imitari, lost. 58. diem suum, = diem supre- l coōrdinate with oblivisei. 13. tibi mum, mortem. 59. homo, mortal. ] subice, give your attention to. 76. ei 61. persona, character. 64. adule- l rei... occurrere, to hasten this re- scentibus, Piso, Furius Crassipes, l sult. 77. qui... fuit, such was.

55

65

70

75 8s

920

95

74 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

omnīs suōs, hōc certē illa tē facere nōn vult. Dā hōc illī mortuae, dā cēterīs amīcīs ac familiāribus, quī tuō dolōre maerent, dā patriae ut, sī quā in rē opus sit, operā et cōnsiliō tuō ūtī possit. Dēnique quoniam in eam fortūnam dēvēnimus ut etiam huic reī nōbīs servi- endum sit, nōlī committere ut quisquam tē putet nōn tam fīliam quam reī pūblicae tempora et aliōrum victō- riam lūgēre. Plūra mē ad tē dē hāc rē scrībere pudet, nē videar prūdentiae tuae diffīdere. Quā rē, sī hōc ūnum prōposuerō, fīnem faciam scrībendī. vVīdimus aliquo- tiēns secundam pulcherrimē tē ferre fortūnam māgnam- que ex eā rē tē laudem apīscī; fac aliquandō intellegā- mus adversam quoque tē aequē ferre posse neque id māius quam dēbeat tibi onus vidērī, nē ex omnibus virtūtibus haec ūna tibi videātur deesse. Quod ad mē attinet, cum tē tranquilliōrem animō esse cōgnōrō, dē iīs rēbus quae hīc geruntur, quem ad modumque sē prōvincia habeat certiōrem faciam. Valē.

XXXVI. THE VOTE OF DEC. 5, 63 B.C. (Att. 12. a1. 1).

Cicerō Atticō sal.

Lēgī Brūtī epistulam eamque tibi remīsī, sānē nōn prūdenter rescrīptam ad ea quae requīsierās. Sed ipse vīderit. Quamquam illud turpiter īgnōrat. Catōnem

78. hoc .. . facere, i.e. to grieve XXXVI. March 17th, 45 BLC. immoderately. 8i1. opera, serv-! M. Brutus had written a eulogy of ices. 83. committere, give occa- Cato Uticensis, in which he seemed sion. 89. apisci, = adipisci. 9o. ae- ] to Cicero to have given undue credit que, with equal moderation. to Cato for his part in the debate on

THE VOTE OF DECEMBER 3, 63 BC. 75

prīmum sententiam putat dē animadversiōne dīxisse,

quam omnēs ante dīxerant praeter Caesarem, et cum ipsīus Caesaris tam sevēra fuerit, quī tum praetōriō locō dīxerit, cōnsulārium putat lēniōrēs fuisse, Catulī, Servīlī, Lūcullōrum, Cūriōnis, Torquātī, Lepidī, Gellī, Volcacī, Figulī, Cottae, L. Caesaris, C. Pīsōnis, M’. Gla- briōnis, etiam Sīlānī, Mūrēnae, dēsīgnātōrum cōnsulum. “Cūr ergō in sententiam Catōnis?? Quia verbīs lūcu- lentiōribus et plūribus rem eandem comprehenderat. Mē autem hīc laudat quod rettulerim, nōn quod pate- fēcerim, cohortātus sim, quod dēnique ante quam cōn- sulerem ipse iūdicāverim. Quae omnia, quia Catō laudibus extulerat in caelum perscrībendaque cēnsuerat, idcircō in ēius sententiam est facta discessiō. Hīc autem sē etiam tribuere multum mihi putat quod scrīp- Quis enim iēiūnius dīxit Ad cētera vērō tibi quem ad modum rescrīp-

serit ‘optimum cōnsulem inimīcus? sit? Tantum rogat dē senātūs cōnsultō ut corrigās. Hōc quidem fēcisset, etiam sī ā librāriō admonitus esset. Sed haec iterum ipse vīderit.

the punishment of the Catilinarian conspirators. All other authorities, however, agree in ascribing the de- cision for capital punishment to the effect produced by Cato’s speech. 5. Caesarem: he had advocated imprisonment for life and confisca- tion of the property of the conspira- tors. 6. praetorio loco: Caesar was practor designatus, and spoke there- fore after the consulares and before the praetorii. 11. in sententiam, sc. discessio facta est, Why then was

the vote taken on the proposal of Cato, who was only tribune elect? The senate voted by division (discessio. — luculentioribus, clearer. 13. hic, ie. Brutus. —rettulerim: referre in senatum is used of the magistrate who puts before the senate the

business of the session, and car-.

ries no implication of his opinion. 16. perscribenda, should be re- corded. 19. ieiunius, more grudg- ingly. 21. corrigas: perhaps Atti- cus was to publish the Cato, and

IO

I5

20 IŌ

I5

76 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

XXXVII. DOMESTIC WORRIES (Att. 12. 32).

Cicerō Atticō Sal.

Pūblilia ad mē scrīpsit mātrem suam — ut cum Pū- bliliō loquerer — ad mē cum illō ventūram et sē ūnā, sī ego paterer. Ōrat multīs et supplicibus verbīs ut liceat et ut sibi rescrībam. Rēs quam molesta sit vidēs. Re- scrīpsī mihi etiam gravius esse quam tum cum illī dīx- issem mē sōlum esse velle; quā rē nōlle mē hōc tempore eam ad mē venīre. Putābam, sī nihil rescrīpsissem, illam cum mātre ventūram; nunc nōn putō, appārēbat enim illās litterās nōn illīus esse. Illud autem quod fore videō ipsum volō vītāre, nē illae ad mē veniant. Iēiūna est vītātiō ut ego nōllem, sed necesse est. Tē hōc nunc rogō, ut explōrēs ad quam diem hīc ita possim esse ut nē opprimar. Aggēs, ut scrībis, temperātē. Cice- rōnī velim hōc prōpōnās —ita tamen, sī tibi nōn inīquum vidēbitur —, ut sūmptūs hūius peregrīnātiōnis, quibus, sī Rōmae esset domumque condūceret, quod facere cōgi-

had suggested some changes to Bru- tus before giving it to his slaves to copy; slaves engaged in this work were called librarii.

XXXVII. Written from Astura, March 28th, 45 B.C. So00n after divorcing Terentia, Cicero married Publilia, confessedly for her money. She was little more than a girl, and is said to have been jealous of her step-daughter and to have offended Cicero by her indifference to his af- fliction. Whnatever the cause, their

estrangement dated from about the time of Tullia’s death, and they were divorced this same year. I. Publi- lio, Publilia’s brother. I11I. Ieiuna . . nollem, IXs a poor excuse for not seeing them, that I did not wish to. 12. ita... ut ne opprimar, without danger of being surprised. 13. Ciceroni, Ciceros son, Marcus, who was to study in Athens. 14. ita tamen, si, that is, in case. I5. pere- grinationis, tour, sojourn abroad.— quibus, refers to mercedes. 16. con-

REPLY TO THE LETIER OF CONDOLENCE. 77

tābat, facile contentus futūrus erat, accommodet ad mer- cēdēs Argīlētī et Aventīnī; et cum eī prōposueris, ipse velim reliqua moderēre, quem ad modum ex iīs mercē- dibus suppeditēmus eī quod opus sit. Praestābō nec Bibulum nec Acidīnum nec Messallam, quōs Athēnīs futūrōs audiō, māiōrēs sūmptūs factūrōs quam quod ex iīs mercēdibus recipiētur. Itaque velim videās prīmum conductōrēs quī sint et quantī, deinde ut sint quī ad diem solvant, et quid viāticī, quid īnstrūmentī satis sit. Iūmentō certē Athēnīs nihil opus erit; quibus autem in viā ūtātur; domī sunt plūra quam opus erat, quod etiam tū animadvertis.

XXXVIII. REPLY TO THE LETTER OF CONDOLENCE (Fam. 4. 6).

M. Cicerō S. D. Ser. Sulpiciō.

Ego vērō, Servī, vellem, ut scrībis, in meō gravissimō cāsū adfuissēs. Quantum enim praesēns mē adiuvāre potueris et cōnsōlandō et prope aequē dolendō facile ex eō intellegō, quod litterīs lēctīs aliquantum adquiēvī. Nam et ea scrīpsistī quae levāre lūctum possent, et in mē cōnsōlandō nōn mediocrem ipse animī dolōrem ad- hibuistī. Servius tamen tuus omnibus officiīs quae illī temporī tribuī potuērunt dēclārāvit et quantī ipse mē

duceret, were renting. 17. merce- ] tici, allowance for traveling expenses.

des, rents, income,; Cicero owned tenement houses or shops on the Aventine and in the quarter called Argiletum. 19. moderere, you would manage. 24. conductores, tenants. — quanti, gen. of price. 25. via-

— instrumenti, outfit. 26. Iumento, a carriage.

XXXVIII. 4. aliquantum ad- quievi, 7 have found some little relief. 8. quanti ... ffaceret, how highly he himself esteemed me.

25 IO

IS

25

78 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

faceret et quam suum tālem ergā mē animum tibi grā- tum putāret fore. Cūius officia iūcundiōra scīlicet saepe mihi fuērunt, numquam tamen grātiōra. Mē autem nōn ōrātiō tua sōlum et societās paene aegritūdinis, sed etiam auctōritās cōnsōlātur. Turpe enim esse exīstimō mē nōn ita ferre cāsum meum ut tū, tālī sapientiā prae- ditus, ferendum putās. Sed opprimor interdum et vix resistō dolōrī, quod ea mē sōlācia dēficiunt quae cēterīs quōrum mihi exempla prōpōnō similī in fortūnā nōn dēfuērunt. Nam et Q. Māximus, quī fīlium cōnsulā- rem, clārum virum et māgnīs rēbus gestīs, āmīsit, et L. Paullus, quī duo septem diēbus, et vester Galus et M. Catō, quī summō ingeniō, summā virtūte fīlium per- didit, iīs temporibus fuērunt ut eōrum lūctum ipsōrum dīgnitās cōnsōlārētur ea quam ex rē pūblicā cōnsequē- bantur. Mihi autem āmissīs ōrnāmentīs iīs quae ipse commemorās quaeque eram māximīs labōribus adeptus, ūnum manēbat illud sōlācium, quod ēreptum est. Nōn amīcōrum negōtiīs, nōn reī pūblicae prōcūrātiōne impe- diēbantur cōgitātiōnēs meae, nihil in forō agere libēbat, adspicere cūriam nōn poteram, exīstimābam, id quod

20. L.

21. Cuius ... gratiora, i.e. he could take no pleasure at such a time in the kindly services of friends, al- though they were grateful to him.

22. oratio tua, your words. 13. auc- toritas, the importance I attack to your opinion. i&5. opprimor, J am overcome. 16. deficiunt, = desunt.

23. Q. Maximus, the opponent of Hannibal; he delivered a funeral oration over his son. r19. magnis

rebus gestis, abl. of quality. Paullus, the victor of Pydna, whose two young sons died during the week of the celebration of his triumph in 167 B.C. — vester, your Rāinsman. 21. M. Cato, the Censor. 23. ex re publica, in the service of the state. 27. rei publicae procuratione, the conduct of public business. 28. in foro agere, i.e. as pleader in the courts of law. 29. id quod erat,

REPLY TO THE LETTER OF CONDOLENCE. 79

erat, omnīs mē et industriae meae frūctūs et fortūnae perdidisse. Sed cum cōgitārem haec mihi tēcum et cum quibusdam esse commūnia, et cum frangerem iam ipse mē cōgeremque illa ferre toleranter, habēbam quō cōnfugerem, ubi conquiēscerem, cūius in sermōne et suāvitāte omnīs cūrās dolōrēsque dēpōnerem. Nunc autem hōc tam gravī vulnere etiam illa quae cōnsā- nuisse vidēbantur recrūdēscunt. Nōn enim ut tum mē ā rē pūblicā maestum domus excipiēbat quae levāret, sīc nunc domō maerēns ad rem pūblicam cōnfugere Itaque et domō absum et forō, quod nec eum dolōrem quem dē rē pū- blicā capiō domus iam cōnsōlārī potest nec domesticum rēs pūblica. Quō magis tē exspectō tēque vidēre quam prīmum cupiō. Māius mihi sōlācium adferre ratiō nūlla

possum ut in ēius bonīs adquiēscam.

potest quam coniūnctiō cōnsuētūdinis sermōnumque no- strōrum. Quamquam spērābam tuum adventum —sīc enim audiēbam —appropinquāre. Ego autem cum mul- tīs dē causīs tē exoptō quam prīmum vidēre, tum etiam ut ante commentēmur inter nōs quā ratiōne nōbīs trā- dūcendum sit hōc tempus, quod est tōtum ad ūnīus voluntātem accommodandum, et prūdentis et līberālis et, ut perspēxisse videor, nec ā mē aliēnī et tibi amī-

32. frange- rem, I was beginning to get myself in hand. 33. toleranter, patiently.
33. consanuisse, to have healed.
34. recrudescunt, are breaking open again.— Non, with possum. 39. mae- rens, in my grief. 40. bonis, = se- cundis rebus.— domo, i.e. from his residence in the city. 42. domesti-

as was indeed the case.

cum, sc. dolorem. 45. consuetudi- nis, intercourse. 46. sperabam, audiebam, epistolarytense. 49. ante, in advance, i.e. before Caesar’s re- turn from Spain; the battle of Munda had been fought March 17th.—com- mentemur, deliberate. 51. pruden- tis, sensiōle. — liberalis, generous. 52. a me alieni, unfriendly to me.

30

35

40

45

50 55

IO

N—-

8o CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

cissimī. Quod cum ita sit, māgnae tamen est dēlīberā- tiōnis quae ratiō sit ineunda nōbīs nōn agendī aliquid, sed illīus concessū et beneficiō quiēscendī. vValē.

THE MURDER OF MARCELLUS (Ham. 4. 12).

XXXIX.

Servius Cicerōnī Salūtem Plūribus Verbīs.

Etsī sciō nōn iūcundissimum mē nūntium vōbīs adlā- tūrum, tamen, quoniam cāsus et nātūra in nōbīs dominā- tur, vīsum est faciendum, quōquō modō rēs sē habēret, vōs certiōrēs facere. A. d. x. Kal. Iūn., cum ab Epi- daurō Pīraeum nāvī advectus essem, ibi M. Mārcellum, conlēgam nostrum, convēnī eumque diem ibi cōnsūmpsī ut cum eō essem. Posterō diē ab eō dīgressus sum eō cōnsiliō, ut ab Athēnīs in Boeōtiam īrem reliquamque iūrisdictiōnem absolverem, ille, ut āiēbat, suprā Maleās in Ttaliam versus nāvigātūrus erat. Post diem tertium

55. concessu et beneficīo, āind per- mission.

XXXIX. Marcellus had not been unhappy in his voluntary exile at Mgytilene, and it was several months after his pardon when he reluctantly set out for Rome. He did not come to his journey’s end, but was mur- dered by one of his suite while at the Piraeus waiting to take ship for Italy. Among the irreconcilable Pompeians were some who foolishly thought that Caesar must have in- spired the murder; the real cause of the act was not known. I. non

iucundiīssimum, litotes; = aceriis- simum, tristissimum. 2. quoniam ... dominatur, i.e. since death is the lot of all,— death by violence or in the course of nature. 5. Pi- raeum, the famous port of Athens. 8. reliquamque ... absolverem, i.e. visit the other assize towns of the province before the close of his administration. 9. supra, round; super is commonly used to express this idea. — Maleas, a promontory at the southeastern extremity of La- conia. I10. versus, the prep.; ad or in are used with it, except with

THE MURDER OF MARCELLUS. 8r

ēius diēī, cum ab Athēnīs proficīscī in animō habērem, circiter hōrā decimā noctis P. Postumius, familiāris ēius, ad mē vēnit et mihi nūntiāvit M. Mārcellum, conlēgam nostrum, post cēnae tempus a P. Magiō Cīlōne, familiārī ēius, pūgiōne percussum esse et duo vulnera accēpisse, ūnum in stomachō, alterum in capite secundum aurem; spērāre tamen eum vīvere posse; Magium sē ipsum interfēcisse posteā; sē ā Mārcellō ad mē missum esse quī haec nūntiāret et rogāret utī medicōs eī mitterem. Itaque medicōs coēgī et ē vestīgiō eō sum profectus prīmā lūce. Cum nōn longē ā Pīraeō abessem, puer Acidinī obviam mihi vēnit cum cōēdicillīs, in quibus erat scrīptum paulō ante lūcem Mārcellum diem suum obīsse. Ita vir clārissimus ab homine dēterrimō acerbissimā morte est adfectus, et cui inimīcī propter dīgnitātem pepercerant, inventus est amīcus quī eī mortem offerret. Ego tamen ad tabernāculum ēius perrēxī. Invēnī duōs lībertōs et pauculōs servōs; reliquōs āiēbant profūgisse metū perterritōs quod dominus eōrum ante tabernācu- lum interfectus esset. Coāctus sum in eādem illā lectīcā quā ipse dēlātus eram meīsque lectīcāriīs in urbem eum

the names of towns and of small ] note. 25. inimici: Caesar is meant.

islands. 12. circiter... noctis, i.e. between two and three in the morning. I14. cenae tempus: the dinner hour at Rome was apparently about half-past three. r15. pugione, dagger. 16. secundum, just behind. 20. e vestigio, = statim, continuo. 22. Acidini, probably the young man mentioned in a previous letter as a student at Athens. — codicillis, a COR. OF cIc. —6

27. tamen, i.e. although it was now too late to be of service to Marcellus. — tabernaculum, fent; the Piraeus was now in ruins. 29. metu... esset: by Roman law slaves who were present at the murder of their master were liable to the death penalty as accessory to the deed.
28. meisque lecticariis, instrumen- tal abl.; using my own bearers.

55

20

25

30 35

40

8S2 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

referre, ibique prō eā cōpiā quae Athēnīs erat fūnus eī satis amplum faciendum cūrāvī. Ab Athēniēnsibus locum sepultūrae intrā urbem ut darent impetrāre nōn potuī, quod religiōne sē impedīrī dīcerent, neque tamen id anteā cuiquam concesserant. Quod proximum fuit, utī in quō vellēmus gymnasiō eum sepelīrēmus, nōbīs permīsērunt. Nōs in nōbilissimō orbī terrārum gym- nasiō Acadēmīae locum dēlēgimus ibique eum combūs- simus, posteāque cūrāvimus ut iīdem Athēniēnsēs in eōdem locō monumentum eī marmoreum faciendum lo- cārent. Ita quae nostra officia fuērunt prō conlēgiō et prō propinquitāte, et vīvō et mortuō omnia eī prae- stitimus. Valē. D. pr. Kal. Iūn. Athēnīs.

XL. DEDICATION OF THE ACADEMICA (Fam. 9. 3. 0).

Cicerō Varrōnī.

Etsī mūnus flāgitāre, quamvīs quis ostenderit, nē

populus quidem solet nisi

32. pro.. . erat, so far as there were facilities at Athens. 35. ta- men, / must admit. 36. Quod... fuit, the next best thing. 37. gym- nasio: the three great gymnasia of Athens — Academia, Lyceum, and Cynosarges — were in the suburbs.
33. orbi, locative. 39. Academiae, a grove set apart as a gymnasium; it contained temples, statues, and the tombs of famous men, and in it Plato had taught. — eum combussi- mus, burned his body. 41. facien-

concitātus, tamen ego ex-

dum locarent, should contract for the erection of. 44. D., data.

XL. This letter was written July 11th or r2th, 45 B.C., and sent with the Academica to M. Terentius Varro, the greatest scholar and most prolitic author of Rome. The Academica was an exposition of the teaching of the New Academy; it had been revised that Varro might be introduced as one of the interlocutors and fur- ther gratified by its dedication to him. I. ostenderit, has promised.

DEDICATION OF THE ACADEMICA. 83

spectātiōne prōmissī tuī moveor ut admoneam tē, nōn ut flāgitem. Mīsī autem ad tē quattuor admonitōrēs nōn nimis verēcundōs — nōstī enim profectō ōs illīus adulēscentiōris Acadēmīae. Ex eā igitur mediā exci- tātōs mīsī, quī metuō nē tē forte flāgitent; ego autem mandāvī ut rogārent. Exspectābam omnīnō iam diū mēque sustinēbam nē ad tē prius ipse quid scrīberem quam aliquid accēpissem, ut possem tē remūnerārī quam simillimō mūnere; sed cum tū tardius facerēs, id est, ut ego interpretor, dīligentius, tenērī nōn potuī quīn coniūnctiōnem studiōrum amōrisque nostrī quō possem litterārum genere dēclārārem. Fēqcī igitur sermōnem inter nōs habitum in Cūmānō, cum esset ūnā Pompō- nius. Tibi dedī partīs Antiochīnās, quās ā tē probārī intellēxisse mihi vidēbar; mihi sūmpsī Phnhilōnis. Putō fore ut, cum lēgeris, mīrēre nōs id locūtōs esse inter nōs quod numquam locūtī sumus — sed nōstī mōrem dialogōrum.

3. promissi: Varro fulfilled this promise later by dedicating to Cic- ero the last twenty of the twenty-five books of his De Lingua Latina.
4. quattuor: the revised Academica was in four books, the first edition in two, called Catiulus and Lucullus after Q. Lutatius Catulus and L. Li- cinius Lucullus; there are extant portions of both editions. 5. os, assurance; cf. the slang cheeĒ, face.
5. adulescentioris, used comically for novae. 9. sustinebam, sc. a seribendo. 15. Cumano: Varro, as well as Cicero, had a country seat

near Cumae.—Pomponius, Atticus. 16. Antiochinas, of Antiochus; he professed to reconcile Stoicism with the teachings of Plato and Aris- totle.— quas... videbar: Cicero’s uncertainty concerning Varro’s be- lief is not surprising; the latter has been called “the most unphilosophi- cal among the unphilosophical Ro- mans.” 17. Phnilonis, sc. partis; it was largely through the influence of Philo that Cicero had been led to embrace the philosophy of the Acad- emy. 19. locuti sumus: notice the force of the indicative.

IO

IS 84

XLI.

CORRESPONDEĒNCE OF CICERōO.

THE SINGER TIGELLIUS

(Fam. 7. 24).

M. Cicerō S. D.

M. Fadiō Galiō.

Amōris quidem tuī quōquō mē vertī vestīgia, vel

proximē dē Tigelliō. tē labōrāsse. rē.

s ego nōn omnibus, mī Galle, serviō.

Cīpius, opīnor, ōlim ‘Nōn omnibus dormiō.’

Sēnsī enim ex litterīs tuīs valdē Amō igitur voluntātem. Sed pauca dē

Sīc Etsī quae est haec

servitūs? Olim cum rēgnāre exīstimābāmur, nōn tam ab ūllīs quam hōc tempore observor ā familiārīssimīs

Caesaris omnibus praeter istum.

Id ego in lucrīs pōnō,

nōn ferre hominem pestilentiōrem patriā suā, eumque

praecōniō.

10 addictum iam tum putō esse Calvī Licinī Hippōnactēō At vidē quid suscēnseat.

Phameae causam

recēperam, ipsīus quidem causā, erat enim mihi sānē

familiāris.

XLI. Written about August 20th, 45 8.c. Fadius had expressed his anxiety lest Tigellius’ resentment should lead to a misunderstanding between Cicero and Caesar, with whom the singer was a favorite, as later with Augustus. I. vestigia, sc. vidi.—vel, in particular. 2. prox- ime, quite recently. 3. Amo, I am delighted by. 4. opinor, I believe that was his name. 6. regnare: Cicero’s foes had charged him with playing the tyrant during his con- sulship. 8. in lucris pono, count clear gain. g9. patria: Tigellius was a native of Sardinia, which

Is ad mē vēnit dīxitque iūdicem sibi ope-

was notoriously unhealthy. ro. ad- dictum ... praeconio, had been disposed of by the Hipponactean proclamation of Licinius Calvus; addicere is used of the auctioneer, to »“nock down, and praeconium de- notes his crying of the goods to be sold. Calvus, the orator and poet, had attacked Tigellius in a lampoon written in choliambics, the meter in which Hipponax wrote and of which he was reputed the inventor. This poem was in form a praeconium. It began: Sardi Tigelli putidum caput venit (is for sale). 11. Pha- meae, the grandfather of Tigellius.

CICERO IN FAVOR WITH CAFĒSAR. 35

ram dare cōnstituisse eō ipsō diē quō dē P. Sēstiō in cōnsilium īrī necesse erat. Respondī nūllō modō mē facere posse; quem vellet alium diem sī sūmpsisset, mē eī nōn dēfutūrum. Ille autem, quī scīret sē nepō- tem bellum tībīcinem habēre et sat bonum cantōrem, discessit ā mē, ut mihi vidēbātur, īrātior. Habēs 6Sar- Cōgnōstī meam causam et istīus salacōnis inīquitātem. fCatōnem’ tuum mihi mitte, cupiō enim legere. Mē adhūc nōn lēgisse turpe utrīque nostrūm est.

dōs vēnālīs, alium aliō nēquiōrem.’

XLII. CICERO IN FAVOR WITH CAESAR

(Fam. 5. iob). Vatīnius Cicerōnī Suō S.

Ego post supplicātiōnēs mihi dēcrētās in Dalmatiam profectus sum; sex oppida vī oppūgnandō cēpī, ūnum hōc, quod erat māximum, quater ā mē iam captum. Quattuor enim turrīs et quattuor mūrōs cēpī et arcem eōrum tōtam, ex quā mē nivēs, frīgora, imbrēs dētrūsē- runt indīgnēque, mī Cicerō, oppidum captum et bellum

14. in consilium iri, that the jury should deliberate upon its verdiet.
15. bellum tibicinem, a sāillful Aute-player. — sat, = satis; fairby, moderately. 19. Sardos ... ne- quiorem: Sardinian slaves were held in but slight esteem at Rome.
16. salaconis, braggart. — iniqui- tatem, unreasonableness. — Cato- nem: Fadius had taken part in the pamphleteering war which followed

the death of Cato and in which Cicero and Brutus had also written on the one side, and Caesar and Hirtius on the other.

XLII. Vatinius, the unscrupu- lous tool of Caesar, was now gov- ernor of Illyricum. Cicero had made a bitter attack upon him in 56 B.C. in the Oratio in Vatinium, but two years later defended him at the ur- gent request of Caesar, in a speech

I5 86 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

cōnfectum relinquere sum coāctus. Quā rē tē rogō, sī opus erit, ad Caesarem meam causam agās mēque tibi in omnīs partīs dēfendendum putēs hōc exīstimāns, nē-

10 minem tē tuī amantiōrem habēre. Valē. Data Nōnīs Decembribus, Narōnā.

XLIII. THE SPEECH FOR DEIOTARUS (Fam. 9. 12).

Cicerō Dolābellae.

Grātulor Bāiīs nostrīs, sī quidem, ut scrībis, salūbrēs repente factae sunt, nisi forte tē amant et tibi adsentan- tur et tam diū dum tū ades sunt oblītae suī. Quod qui- dem sī ita est, minimē mīror caelum etiam et terrās vim

5 suam, sī tibi ita conveniat, dīmittere. Ōrātiunculam prō Dēiotarō quam requīrēbās habēbam mēcum, quod nōn putāram. Itaque eam tibi mīsī. Quam velim sīc legās ut causam tenuem et inopem nec scrīptiōne māgnō opere dīgnam. Sed ego hospitī veterī et amīcō mūnusculum

now lost, against the charge of am- bitus brought by Licinius Calvus. S. ad, = apud. 9. īn omnis par- tis, = omni ratione.

XLIII. P. Cornelius Dolabella, to whom this letter was addressed, had been Tullia’s third husband, but was divorced from her in 46 B. C. 5. si... conveniat, if it suits your pleasure.—Qratiunculam pro Deio- taro: this speech is known to us as the Oratio pro Rege Deiotaro,; Deio- tarus, the Galatian tetrarch, had been accused of having attempted

to murder Caesar, before whom and in whose house the case was tried. This was Cicero’s last plea as an advocate. 6. habebam mecum: Cicero was doubtless writing from one of his country seats. 9. ho- spiti: Deiotarus had offered the help of his army to Cicero and had other- wise been of service to him during the term of his administration in Cilicia, and Cicero in mock dispar- agement of his speech says that he had only committed it to writing because he wished to send a copy

CONSUL FOR HALF A DAVī.

mittere voluī levidēnse crassō fīlō, cūius modī ipsīus ro Tū velim animō sapientī fortīque

solent esse mūnera.

87

sīs, ut tua moderātiō et gravitās aliōrum īnfāmet in-

iūriam.

XLIV.

CONSUL FOR HALF A DAY

(Fam. 7. 30. 1).

Cicerō Curiō S. D.

Ego vērō

iam tē nec hortor nec rogō ut domum

redeās; quīn hinc ipse ēvolāre cupiō et aliquō perve- nīre, ‘ubi nec Pelopidārum nōmen nec facta audiam.’ Incrēdibile est quam turpiter mihi facere videar, quī hīs

rēbus intersim.

Nē tū vidēris multō ante prōvīdisse s quid impendēret tum cum hinc profūgistī.

Quamquam

haec etiam audītū acerba sunt, tamen audīre tolerābilius

est quam vidēre.

In campō certē nōn fuistī cum hōrā

secundā comitiīs quaestōriīs īnstitūtīs sella Q. Māximī,

quem illī cōnsulem esse dīcēbant, posita esset, quō mor- ro

to his old friend. r10. levidense crasso filo, slight and of coarse text- ure; the metaphor is from spin- ning. 12. infamet, may bring into ill repute by contrast.

XLIV. Written early in January, 44 B.C. 2. quin, = quin etiam. 3. ubi... audiam: the source of the quotation is not known, but the reference is to Caesar and the Cae- sarians. The house of Pelops, of which were Atreus, Thyestes, Aegis- thus, Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and Orestes, was typical of monstrous crime and inhuman wrong. 5. Ne,

really. 8. hora secunda, i.e. be- tween eight and nine o’clock; the comitia were called together at day- break. 9. comitiis quaestoriis: the quaestors were regularly elected by the comitia tributa in the sum- mer and entered into office on De- cember 5th, but the election of 45 B.C. had been postponed to De- cember 31st. — sella, sc. curulis. 10. illi, the followers of Caesar. For the greater part of the year 45 B.C. Caesar had been sole consul, but in October he resigned and nom- inated Q. Fabius Maximus and C.

I5

88 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

tuō nūntiātō sella sublāta est. Ille autem, quī comitiīs tribūtīs esset auspicātus, centuriāta habuit, cōnsulem hōrā septimā renūntiāvit, quī ūsque ad Kalendās Iān. esset, quae erant futūrae māne postrīdiē. Ita Canīniō cōnsule scītō nēminem prandisse. Nihil tamen eō cōn- sule malī factum est. Fuit enim mīrificā vigilantiā, quī suō tōtō cōnsulātū somnum nōn vīderit.

XLV. CICERO INTERCEDES FOR A PIRATE (Fam. 5. 10 a).

Vatīnius Cicerōnī Suō S.

S. V. B. E. E. Q. V. Dē Dionȳsiō tuō adhūc nihil extrīcō, et eō minus quod mē frīgus Dalmaticum, quod illinc ēiēcit, etiam hīc refrīgerāvit; sed tamen nōn dē- sistam quīn illum aliquandō ēruam. Sed tamen omnia mihi dūra imperās. Dē Catīliō nesciō quid ad mē scrīpsistī dēprecātiōnis dīligentissimae. Apage tē cum nostrō Sex. Servīliō! Nam mehercule ego quoque

Trebonius to serve for the three months that remained; it is the

held an honor. 13. hora septima, about one o’clock. — renuntiavit,

constitutionality of Caesar’s nomina- tion of magistrates that Cicero ques- tions in quem ... dicebant. 11I. Ille, Caesar. 12. esset auspicatus, had taken the auspices.—centuriata, i.e the comitia centuriata for the elec- tion of a consul suffectus; the term of office would be but a few hours since the consuls for the new year would enter into office at midnight, but the possession of the chief mag- istracy for even so short a time was

announced the election of.

XLV. The interest of this letter is due chiefly to the fact that it is the self-righteous Cicero who is re- proved by the scapegrace Vatinius. I. S.V. B. E. E. Q. V.,, si vales, bene est; ego quoque valeo. — Dionysio, the runaway librarian. 2. extrico, find out. 5. Catilio, probably an exiled Pompeian who in his despera- tion had turned pirate. 6. Apage te, get out. 1. Sex. Servilio, un-

CICERO INTERCEDES FOR A PIRATE. 89

illum amō. Sed hūiusce modī vōs clientīs, hūius modī causās recipitis? Hominem ūnum omnium crūdēlissi- mum, quī tot ingenuōs, mātrēs familiās, cīvīs Rōmānōs occīdit, abripuit, disperdidit, regiōnēs vāstāvit? Sīmius, nōn sēmissis homō, contrā mē arma tulit et eum bellō cēpī. Sed tamen, mī Cicerō, quid facere possum? Omnia mehercule cupiō quae tū mihi imperās. Meam animadversiōnem et supplicium, quō ūsūrus eram in eum quem cēpissem, remittō tibi et condōnō. Quid illīs respondēre possum quī ob sua bona dīrepta, nāvīs expūgnātās, frātrēs, līberōs, parentēs occīsōs āctiōnēs expostulant? Sī meherculēs Appī ōs habērem, in cūius locum suffectus sum, tamen hōc sustinēre nōn possem. Quid ergō est? Faciam omnia sēdulō quae tē sciam velle. Dēfenditur ā Q. Volusiō, tuō discipulō, sī forte ea rēs poterit adversāriōs fugāre. In eō māxima spēs est. Nōs, sī quid erit istīc opus, dēfendēs. Caesar adhūc mihi iniūriam facit; dē meīs supplicātiōnibus et rēbus gestīs Dalmaticīs adhūc nōn refert, quasi vērō nōn iūstissimī triumphī in Dalmatiā rēs gesserim. Nam sī hōc exspectandum est, dum tōtum bellum cōnficiam, vīgintī oppida sunt Dalmatiae antīqua; quae ipsī sibi adscīvērunt, amplius sexāgintā Haec nisi omnia ex- pūgnō, sī mihi supplicātiōnēs nōn dēcernuntur, longē aliā condiciōne ego sum ac cēterī imperātōrēs.

known. S8. vos, you Pompeians. 11. Simius, ape. 12. semissis, worth a cent; gen. of value. 18. ac- tiones expostulant, demand that he be brought to trial. 19. mehercules: mehercule is preferred by Cicero.—

Appi, Cicero’s predecessor in Cilicia; at his death Vatinius had taken his place in the college of augurs. 26. Dalmaticis, = in Dalmatia.— refert, sc. ad senatum. 275. trium- phi, gen. of quality.

IO

I5

25

30 90

XLVI.

CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

A DEARTH OF WIT AT ROME

(Fam. 7. 30).

Cicerō Curiō S. D.

Facile perspēxī ex tuīs litterīs, quod semper studuī, et mē ā tē plūrimī fierī et tē intellegere quam mihi cārus

essēs.

Quod quoniam uterque nostrūm cōnsecūtus est,

reliquum est ut officiīs certēmus inter nōs, quibus aequō

s animō vel vincam tē vel vincar abs tē. necesse meās darī litterās facile patior.

Acīliō nōn fuisse Sulpicī tibi

operam intellegō ex tuīs litterīs nōn multum opus fuisse

propter tuās rēs ita contrāctās ut, quem ad modum

scrībīis, nec caput nec pedēs. 10 pedēs habērent, ut aliquandō redīrēs.

Equidem vellem utī Vidēs enim exā-

ruisse iam veterem urbānitātem, ut Pompōnius noster

suō iūre possit dīcere,

Nisi nōs paucī retineāmus glōriam antīquam Atticam.

Ergō is tibi, nōs eī succēdimus.

tereat.

XLVI. 5. Acilio: Curius was living at Patrae as a banker and broker (negotiator), and Cicero had given him a letter of introduction to Acilius, who had recently suc- ceeded Sulpicius as governor of Achaia. The friendship of the pro- vincial governor was of supreme im- portance to the capitalist or financial agent who had made investments away from Rome, since his great

Vēnī igitur, quaesō,

153 nē tamen sēmen urbānitātis ūnā cum rē pūblicā in-

power enabled him to enforce the un- equal contracts which made this busi- ness so inordinately lucrative. He usually shared in the spoils. 9. nec . . pedes, sc. haberent. I0. exa- ruisse, has dried up. 11. Pompo- nius: the quotation is said to be from L. Pomponius of lononia, the writer who gave an artistic form to the Atellan farces; but Cicero seems to have had Atticus in mind.

A STUDENT AT ATHENSS.

XLVII.

ōI

THE IDES OF MARCH

(Fam. 6. 15).

Cicerō Basilō S.

Tibi grātulor, mihi gaudeō; tē amō, tua tueor; ā tē amārī et quid agās quidque agātur certior fierī volō.

XLVIII.

A STUDENT AT ATHENS Fam. 12.

16. 1, 2).

Trebōnius Cicerōnī S.

S. V. B. Athēnās vēnī a. d. xI. Kal. Iūn. atque ibi, quod māximē optābam, vīdī fīlium tuum, dēditum opti-

mīs studiīs summāque modestiae fāmā.

Quā ex rē

quantam voluptātem cēperim scīre potes etiam mē ta-

cente.

Nōn enim nescīs quantī tē faciam et quam prō

nostrō veterrimō vērissimōque amōre omnibus tuīs etiam minimīs commodīs, nōn modo tantō bonō gaudeam.

XLVII. In this note Cicero con- gratulates one of Caesar’s assassins on his deed. Basilus had served on Caesar’s staff in Gaul; he was led to join the conspiracy against his old commander by resentment that a province had not been granted him at the expiration of his year of office as praetor for 45 B.C.

XLVIII. Written from Athens May 25th, 44 B.c. Trebonius had been a legatus under Caesar in Gaul, and had been appointed by him one of the consuls for 45 B.C.; but he

too joined the conspiracy against his benefactor. He was not one of the actual murderers, but had the humaner part of keeping Antony from the scene. He was now on his way to Asia, which had been assigned to him as his province. I. S. V. B.,, si vales, bene. 2. de- ditam.... fama: Trebonius was either deceiving or deceived, for we know that the young Cicero was neither the diligent student nor the moral paragon he paints him. 7. bono, blessing, ī.e. in having a

I10

I5

25

92 CORRESPŌONDENCE OF CICERO.

Nōlī putāre, mī Cicerō, mē hōc auribus tuīs dare. Nihil adulēscente tuō, atque adeō nostrō— nihil enim mihi ā tē potest esse sēiūnctum — aut amābilius omnibus iīs quī Athēnīs sunt est aut studiōsius eārum artium quās tū māximē amās, hōc est, optimārum. Itaque tibi, quod vērē facere possum, libenter quoque grātulor nec minus etiam nōbīs, quod eum quem necesse erat dīligere, quā- liscumque esset, tālem habēmus ut libenter quoque dīli- gāmus. Quī cum mihi in sermōne iniēcisset sē velle Asiam vīsere, nōn modo invītātus, sed etiam rogātus est ā mē ut id potissimum nōbīs obtinentibus prōvinciam faceret. Cui nōs et cāritāte et amōre tuum officium praestātūrōs nōn dēbēs dubitāre. Illud quoque erit nōbīs cūrae, ut Cratippus ūnā cum eō sit, nē putēs in Asiā fēriātum illum ab iīs studiīs in quae tuā cohortā- tiōne incitātur futūrum. Nam illum parātum, ut videō, et ingressum plēnō gradū cohortārī nōn intermittēmus, quō in diēs longius discendō exercendōque sē prōcēdat.

XLIX. A POINT OF LAW (Fam.. 22). Cicerō Trebātiō S.

Inlūserās herī inter scyphōs quod dīxeram contrō- versiam esse possetne hērēs, quod fūrtum anteā factum esset, fūrtī rēctē agere. Itaque etsī domum bene pōtus

model son. 9. atque adeo, or gradu, with rapid progress, lit. at a

rather. I6. iniecisset, had men- tioned. 19. nos... praestaturos: notice the acc. and inf. for a gquin clause. 21. Cratippus, a Peripa- tetic philosopher. 22. feriatum... futurum, is going to rest. 24. pleno

quick step.

XLIX. I. inter scyphos, over the wine; the scyphus was a two- handled beaker. 2. antea, i.e. be- fore his succession to the property. 3. furti, gen. of the charge. —agere,

BRUTUS AND CASSIUS DEFY ANTONY. 93

sērōque redieram, tamen id caput ubi haec contrōversia est notāvī et dēscrīptum tibi mīsī, ut scīrēs id quod tū nēminem sēnsisse dīcēbās Sex. Aelium, M’. Mānīlium, M. Brūtum sēnsisse. Ego tamen Scaevolae et Tēstae adsentior.

L. BRUTUS AND CASSIUS DEFY ANTONY (Fam. 11. 3).

Brūtus et Cassius Pr. S. D. Antōniō Cōs.

S. V. B. Litterās tuās lēgimus, simillimās ēdictī tuī, contumēliōsās, minācēs, minimē dīgnās quae ā tē nōbīs mitterentur. Nōs, Antōnī, tē nūllā lacessiimus iniūriā neque mīrātūrum crēdidimus, sī praetōrēs et eā dīgni- tāte hominēs aliquid ēdictō postulāssēmus ā cōnsule; quod sī indīgnāris ausōs esse id facere, concēde nōbīs ut doleāmus nē hōc quidem abs tē Brūtō et Cassiō tri- buī. Nam dē dīlēctibus habitīs et pecūniīs imperātīs, exercitibus sollicitātīs et nūntiīs trāns mare missīs quod tē questum esse negās, nōs quidem tibi crēdimus optimō

bring suit. 4. caput, section, evi- they had asked to be allowed to

dently of some law book; Aelius, Manilius, Brutus, and Scaevola had been eminent as jurists, and all had written legal commentaries. 7. Te- stae, Trebatius himself.

L. Written August 4th, 44 B.C. Pr. (greeting), praetores. I. edicti, manifesto. 4. miraturum, sc. te.— ea dignitate, abl. of quality with homines. 17. hoc, i.e. the request contained in their manifesto. Whnat it was is not known, but perhaps

resign the praetorship. — Bruto et Cassio: the names seem to have been used instead of nobis to con- trast their claim upon him as indi- viduals with their claim as magis- trates. S. dilectibus ... missis: Brutus and Cassius were reported to be engaged in preparations for seix- ing the provinces of Macedonia and Syria, which had been promised to them respectively, but had been granted in June to Antonius and

I0 I5

25

30

35

94 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

animō tē fēcisse, sed tamen neque agnōscimus quic- quam eōrum et tē mīrāmur, cum haec reticueris, nōn potuisse continēre īrācundiam tuam quīn nōbīs dē morte Caesaris obicerēs. Illud vērō quem ad modum ferun- dum sit tūte cōgitā, nōn licēre praetōribus concordiae ac lībertātis causā per ēdictum dē suō iūre dēcēdere, quīn cōnsul arma minētur. Quōrum fīdūciā nihil est quod nōs terreās. Neque enim decet aut convenit nōbīs perīculō ūllī submittere animum nostrum neque est An- tōniō postulandum ut iīs imperet quōrum operā līber est. Nōs sī alia hortārentur ut bellum cīvīle suscitāre vellēmus, litterae tuae nihil prōficerent. Nūlla enim minantis auctōritās apud līberōs est. Sed pulchrē in- tellegis nōn posse nōs quōquam impellī, et fortassis eā rē mināciter agis, ut iūdicium nostrum metus videātur. Nōs in hāc sententiā sumus ut tē cupiāmus in līberā rē pūblicā māgnum atque honestum esse, vocēmus tē ad nūllās inimīcitiās, sed tamen plūris nostram lībertātem quam tuam amīcitiam aestimēmus. Tū etiam atque etiam vidē quid suscipiās, quid sustinēre possīs neque quam diū vīxerit Caesar, sed quam nōn diū rēgnārit fac cōgitēs. Deōs quaesumus, cōnsilia tua reī pūblicae salūtāria sint ac tibi; sī minus, ut salvā atque honestā rē pūblicā tibi quam minimum noceant optāmus. Prī- diē Nōn. Sext.

Dolabella. The sequel abundantly l dere, to relinquish their authority.

substantiated this report, and their present denial (neque agnoscimus quicquam eorum) must have been insincere. 11. agnoscimus, ac- knowledge, oun. 16. de... dece-

20. opera, i.e. in the assassination of Caesar. 23. pulchre, perfectly.
21. iudicium, decision, resolve.
22. vocemus, challenge,; notice the asyndeton.

A FAITHFUL FRIEND. 95

A FAITHFUL FRIEND (Fam. 11. 28).

LI.

Matius Cicerōnī Ss.

Māgnam voluptātem ex tuīs litterīs cēpī, quod quam spērāram atque optāram habēre tē dē mē opīniōnem cōgnōvī. Dē quā etsī nōn dubitābam, tamen quia māximī aestimābam, ut incorrupta manēret labōrābam. Cōnscius autem mihi eram nihil ā mē commissum esse s quod bonī cūiusquam offenderet animum. Eō minus crēdēbam plūrimīs atque optimīs artibus ōrnātō tibi temerē quicquam persuādērī potuisse, praesertim in quem mea prōpēnsa et perpetua fuisset atque esset benevolentia. Quod quoniam ut voluī sciō esse, re- io spondēbō crīminibus quibus tū prō mē, ut pār erat tuā singulārī bonitāte et amīcitiā nostrā, saepe restitistī. Nōta enim mihi sunt quae in mē post Caesaris mortem contulerint. vVitiō mihi dant quod mortem hominis necessāriī graviter ferō atque eum quem dīlēxī perīsse ss indīgnor; āiunt enim patriam amīcitiae praepōnendam esse, proinde ac sī iam vīcerint obitum ēius reī pūblicae

fuisse ūtilem.

Lī. Written at the end of Aug- ust, 44 B.c. Cicero had heard from Trebatius that Matius complained that he had unjustly criticised the attitude the latter maintained toward the murderers of Caesar, and had written to Matius to defend himself. This is Matius’ reply. 9. propensa, spontaneous. 11. par, fit, meet.

Sed nōn agam astūtē.

Fateor mē ad

14. contulerint: the subj. is used as if in an ind. question with notum est; with the personal con- struction (nota sunt) quae is the relative, not the interrogative, and the ind. would be regular. — dant, impute. 17. proinde .. . vicerint, just as if they had really demon- strated. 18. agam astute, quibdle.

20

25

30

35

40

96 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

istum gradum sapientiae nōn pervēnisse. Neque enim Caesarem in dissēnsiōne cīvīlī sum secūtus, sed amīcum, quamquam rē offendēbar, tamen nōn dēseruī neque bellum umquam cīvīle aut etiam causam dissēnsiōnis probāvī, quam etiam nāscentem exstinguī summē stu- duī. Itaque in victōriā hominis necessāriī neque honōris neque pecūniae dulcēdine sum captus, quibus praemiīs reliquī, minus apud eum quam ego cum possent, immo- derātē sunt abūsī. Atque etiam rēs familiāris mea lēge Caesaris dēminūta est, cūius beneficiō plērīque quī Cae- saris morte laetantur remānsērunt in cīvitāte. Civibus victīs ut parcerētur aequē ac prō meā salūte labōrāvī. Possum igitur, quī omnīs voluerim incolumīs, eum ā quō id impetrātum est perīsse nōn indīgnārī, cum praesertim īdem hominēs illī et invidiae et exitiō fuerint? ‘Plectē- ris ergō, inquiunt, ‘quoniam factum nostrum improbāre audēs. Ō superbiam inaudītam, aliōs in facinore glō- riārī, aliīs nē dolēre quidem impūnītē licēre! At haec etiam servīs semper lībera fuērunt, ut timērent, gaudē- rent, dolērent suō potius quam alterius arbitriō, quae nunc, ut quidem istī dictitant lībertātis auctōrēs, metū nōbīs extorquēre cōnantur. Sed nihil agunt. Nūllīus umquam perīculī terrōribus ab officiō aut ab hūmānitāte

conspired to murder him (exitio). —-Plecteris, you shall smart for it.

19. gradum, height. 21. re, his action. 23. summe, cealously.

20. lege: this regulated the in- vestment of capital. 28. cuius, sc. legis. 33. illi, i.e. Caesari,; the very men whose treatment at Cae- sars hands had made him unpopu- lar with his own followers (invidiae)

21. impunite, = impune. 39. ut... dictitant, to judge from waat they say.— metu, intimidation. 40. ni- hil agunt, they effect nothing, it is of no use. 41. ab ... desci- scam, swerve fiom the path of-

A FAITHFUL FRIEND. 97

dēscīscam. Numquam enim honestam mortem fugien- dam, saepe etiam oppetendam putāvī. Sed quid mihi suscēnsent sī id optō, ut paeniteat eōs suī factī? Cupiō enim Caesaris mortem omnibus esse acerbam. “At dēbeō prō cīvīlī parte rem pūblicam velle salvam.” Id quidem mē cupere, nisi et ante ācta vīta et reliqua mea spēs tacente mē probat, dīcendō vincere nōn postulō. Quā rē māiōrem in modum tē rogō ut rem potiōrem ōrātiōne dūcās mihique, sī sentīs expedīre rēctē fierī, crēdās nūllam commūniōnem cum improbīs esse posse. An quod adulēscēns praestitī, cum etiam errāre cum excūsātiōne possem, id nunc aetāte praecipitātā com- mūtem ac mē ipse retexam? Nōn faciam neque quod displiceat committam, praeterquam quod hominis mihi coniūnctissimī ac virī amplissimī doleō gravem cāsum. Quod sī aliter essem animātus, numquam quod facerem negārem, nē et in peccandō improbus et in dissimulandō timidus ac vānus exīstimārer. ‘At lūdōs quōs Caesaris victōriae Caesar adulēscēns fēcit cūrāvī. At id ad prī- vātum officium, nōn ad statum reī pūblicae pertinet. Quod tamen mūnus et hominis amīcissimī memoriae atque honōribus praestāre etiam mortuī dēbuī et opti- mae speī adulēscentī ac dīgnissimō Caesare petentī ne-

a lior.

46. pro civili parte, as a citien.

47. reliqua, for the future. 50. ex- pedire recte fieri, it is expedi- emt that the right should prevail.

48. praecipitata, is drawing to a close. 54. me ipse retexam, 2‘e- come another man. s58. improbus, timidus, vanus, a knave, a cowar4, COR. CF CIC. —7

49. ludos: the Ludi Victo- riae Caesaris ot Ludi Veneris Ge- netricis had been vowed by Julius Caesar at Pharsalus, and were cele- brated this year by Octavian (Caesar adulescensy. 64. dignissimo Cae- sare: Matius was thinking of Octa- vian as Caesar’s adopted son and

45

50

55

60 65

70

75

8o

98 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

Vēnī etiam cōnsulis Antōnī domum saepe salūtandī causā, ad quem quī mē parum patriae amantem esse exīstimant rogandī quidem aliquid aut auferendī causā frequentīs ventitāre reperiēs. Sed quae haec est adrogantia, quod Caesar numquam interpellā- vit quīn quibus vellem atque etiam quōs ipse non dīligē- bat tamen iīs ūterer, eōs quī mihi amīcum ēripuērunt carpendō mē efficere cōnārī nē quōs velim dīligam? Sed nōn vereor nē aut meae vītae modestia parum vali- tūra sit in posterum contrā falsōs rūmōrēs, aut nē etiam iī quī mē nōn amant propter meam in Caesarem cōn- stantiam nōn mālint meī quam suī similīs amīcōs habēre. Mihi quidem sī optāta contingent, quod reliquum est vītae in ōtiō Rhodī dēgam; sīn cāsus aliquis interpellā- rit, ita erō Rōmae ut rēctē fierī semper cupiam. Tre- bātiō nostrō māgnās agō grātiās, quod tuum ergā mē animum simplicem atque amīcum aperuit et quod eum quem semper libenter dīlēxī quō magis iūre colere atque observāre dēbērem fēcit. Bene valē et mē dīlige.

gāre nōn potuī.

LII. TIRO TURNS FARMER

(from Fam. 16. 21. 7).

Emisse tē praedium vehementer gaudeō fēlīciterque tibi rem istam ēvenīre cupiō. Hōc locō mē tibi grātu-

heir. 65. Veni etiam, thev make it a ground of complaint also that Ivisit. 69. quod... uterer, paren- thetical, quod having for its ante- cedent eos ... ditigam, which is explanatory of adrogantia : while Caesar never stood in the way of

my associating with whom I pleased. 72. carpendo me, dy traducing me. S1. simplicem, sincere. 833. Baene vale, for the Ciceronian vale.

LII. From a letter from the young Marcus to Tiro. I. prae- dium, farm. 2. Hoc loco, i.e. at

THE COMPANY MAKES THE DINNER. 29

lārī nōlī mīrārī, eōdem enim ferē locō tū quoque ēmisse tē fēcistī mē certiōrem. Habēs. Dēpōnendae tibi sunt urbānitātēs; rūsticus Rōmānus factus es. Quō modō ego mihi nunc ante oculōs tuum iūcundissimum cōn- spectum prōpōnō? Videor enim vidēre ementem tē rūsticās rēs, cum vīlicō loquentem, in laciniā servantem ex mēnsā secundā sēmina.

THE COMPANY MAKES THE DINNER (Fam. 9. 24. 2, 3).

LIII.

Tē ad cēnās itāre dēsīsse molestē ferō, māgnā enim tē dēlectātiōne et voluptāte prīvāstī; deinde etiam ve- reor — licet enim vērum dīcere — nē nesciō quid illud quod solēbās dēdiscās et oblīvīscāre, cēnulās facere. Nam sī tum cum habēbās quōs imitārēre nōn multum prōficiēbās, quid nunc tē factūrum putem? Spurinna quidem, cum eī rem dēmōnstrāssem et vītam tuam superiōrem exposuissem, māgnum perīculum summae reī pūblicae dēmōnstrābat, nisi ad superiōrem cōnsuē- tūdinem tum cum Favōnius flāret revertissēs; nōc tem- the end of my letter. 4. Habes, the freq. of ire. 3. ne.. . facere,

Well, you are now a landed gentle- lest you unlearn and forget the liltle 8. vilico, steiwant, overseer. lyou did know about giving dinners;

maii.

— lacinia, the corner of your toga. 9. mensa secunda, dessert. dinner among the Romans was di- vided into promulsis, cena proper, and secunda mensa.—semina, i.e. of the fruit served with the dessert. LIII. From a letter to Paetus.

1. ad.. . desisse, have given over your custom of dining out; itare is

The1

the tone of raillery results from the slighting use of nescio quid and of 5. tum... imi- tarere, i.e. before Caesar’s assassi-

the dim. cenulas.

nation, when Iīirtius and Dolabella were giving dinner parties. 6. Spu- rinna, the soothsayer who warned Cacsar to beware of the Ides of March. 1io0. Favonius, the west

ī5

I100 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

pore ferrī posse, sī forte tū frīgus ferre nōn possēs. Sed mehercule, mī Paete, extrā iocum moneō tē, quod pertinēre ad beātē vīvendum arbitror, ut cum virīs bonīs, iūcundīs, amantibus tuī vīvās. Nihil est aptius vitae, nihil ad beātē vīvendum accommodātius. Nec id ad voluptātem referō, sed ad commūnitātem vītae atque vīctūs remissiōnemque animōrum, quae māximē ser- mōne efficitur familiārī, quī est in convīviīs dulcissimus,

ut sapientius nostrī quam Gtraecī. Illī cvumodota aut

ocvvēōetmva, id est, compōtātiōnēs aut concēnātiōnēs, nōs “convīvia,’ quod tum māximē simul vīvitur. Vidēs ut tē philosophandō revocāre cōner ad cēnās. Cūrā ut

valeās. Id forīs cēnitandō facillimē cōnsequēre.

LIV. THE BATTLE AT FORUM GALLORUM (Fam. 10. 30).

Galba Cicerōnī S.

A. d. xvin. Kal. Māiās, quō diē Pānsa in castrīs Hīrtī

wind, the herald of spring, also called by the Romans by its Greek name Z2eplyrus; it began to blow about Feb. roth. r16. vitae atque victus: the former represents life in its spiritual aspect, the conduct of life; the latter in its material aspect, with reference to the neces- sities of life. ēeurva, translated by compotationes, concenationes. LIV. Written April 16th, 43 B.C.

19. cupī6ōO51Q, Cōv-

before Mutina, The writer had

been a legatus under Caesact in Gaul,.

and later a conspirator against him, and was the great-grandfather of the Emperor Galba. He was now serving under EFlirtius, one of the consuls for this year, who had un- dertaken with Octavian to raise the siege of Mutina, where D. Brutus was finding it difficult to hold out against the forces of Antony. On receipt of the news of the ap- proach of the other consular army under Pansa, Antony had sent a detachment to intercept it, and the battle described in Galba’s letter en-

THE BATTLE AT FORUM CALLORUM. IOI

erat futūrus, cum quō ego eram—nam eī obviam prōces- seram mīlia passuum centum, quō mātūrius venīret —, Antōnius legiōnēs ēdūxit duās, secundam et quīntam trīcēsimam, et conortīs praetōriās duās, ūnam suam, alteram Sīlānī, ēvocātōrum partem. Ita obviam vēnit nōbīs, quod nōs quattuor legiōnēs tīrōnum habēre sōlum arbitrābātur. Sed noctū, quō tūtius venīre in castra possēmus, legiōnem Mārtiam, cui ego praeesse solēbam, et duās cohortīs praetōriās mīserat Hīrtius nōbīs. Cum equitēs Antōnī appāruissent, continērī neque legiō Mār- tia neque cohortēs praetōriae potuērunt, quās sequī coe- pimus coāctī, quoniam retinēre eās nōn potuerāmus. Antōnius ad Forum Gallōrum suās cōpiās continēbat neque scīrī volēbat sē legiōnēs habēre; tantum equitā- tum et levem armātūram ostendēbat. Posteā quam vīdit sē invītō legiōnem īre Pānsa, sequī sē duās legiōnēs iussit tītōnum. Posteā quam angustiās palūdis et silvā- rum trānsiimus, aciēs est īnstrūcta ā nōbīs xn. cohortium; nōndum vēnerant legiōnēs duae. Repente Antōnius in aciem suās cōpiās dē vīcō prōdūxit et sine morā concur-

sued. The last of Cicero’s orations ] served the full time required by law,

enlist as volunteers.

that has come down to us, the Four- teenth Philippic, was delivered April 22d, while a motion for a public thanksgiving (supplicatio) for this victory was being debated in the Senate. 2. cum quo: the antece- dent is Pansa, not Hirti. 4. quin- tam tricesimam, sc. eft. 5. cohor- tis praetorias: the cohors praetoria was the body guard of a general. 6. evocatorum, the veterans; the term is used of those who having

7. tironum, raw recruits. 10. duas cohortis praetorias, his own and that of

Octavian. 14. Forum Gallorum, between Mutina and Bononia. 16. levem armaturam, = velites.

18. angustias... silvarum, the defile between the siwamp and the woods. 19. XII. cohortium, the ten of the legio Martia and the two cohortes praetoriae. 20. legiones duae, sc. tironum. 21. vico, i.e.

IOŌ

I5 35

102 CORRESPONDENCE OF CICERO.

rit. Prīmō ita pūgnātum est ut ācrius nōn posset ex utrāque parte pūgnārī. Etsī dexterius cornū, in quō ego eram cum Mārtiae legiōnis cohortibus octō, impetū prīmō fugāverat legiōnem xxxv. Antōnī, ut amplius passūs D. ultrā aciem, quō locō steterat, prōcesserit. Itaque cum equitēs nostrum cornū circumīre vellent, recipere mē coepī et levem armātūram oppōnere Mau- rōrum equitibus, nē āversōs nostrōs adgrederentur. In-

s30 terim videō mē esse inter Antōniānōs Antōniumque post

35

40

a8

cāsn

mē esse aliquantōē. Repente equum immīsī ad eam legiōnem tīrōnum quae veniēbat ex castrīs scūtō reiectō. Antōniānī mē īnsequī; nostrī pīla conicere velle. Ita nesciō quō fātō sum servātus, quod sum citō ā nostrīs cōgnitus. In ipsā Aemiliā, ubi cohors Caesaris praetō- ria erat, diū pūgnātum est. Cornū sinisterius, quod erat īnfīrmius, ubi Mārtiae legiōnis duae cohortēs erant et cohors praetōria, pedem referre coepērunt quod ab equitātū circumībantur, quō vel plūrimum valet Antō- nius. Cum omnēs sē recēpissent nostrī ōrdinēs, reci- pere mē novissimus coepī ad castra. Antōnius tamquam victor castra putāvit sē posse capere; quō cum vēnit, complūrīs ibi āmīsit nec ēgit quicquam.

Audītā rē Hīrtius cum cohortibus xx. veterānīs re- deuntī Antōniō in sua castra occurrit cōpiāsque ēius omnīs dēlēvit fugāvitque eōdem locō ubi erat pūgnā- to protect his back from the missiles

of the pursuers. 35. Aemilia, sc. via; this crossed Cisalpine Gaul

Forum Gallorum. 23. dexterius, = dextrum, of which it is the compara- tive form. 32. castris, sc. Pansae.

— reiecto, i.e. over the shoulder; this was done to prevent being mis- taken by his own men for a foe, or

from Ariminum to Placentia, and is even now in use. 41. novissimus, the last of all. 46. delevit, annihilated.

THE BATTLE AT FORUM GALLORUM. I03.

tum, ad Forum Gallōrum. Antōnius cum equitibus hōrā noctis quārtā sē in castra sua ad Mutinam recēpit; Hīrtius in ea castra rediit unde Pānsa exierat, ubi duās legiōnēs relīquerat, quae ab Antōniō erant oppūgnātae. Sīc partem māiōrem suārum cōpiārum Antōnius āmīsit veterānārum, nec id tamen sine aliquā iactūrā cohortium praetōriārum nostrārum et legiōnis Mārtiae fierī potuit. Aquilae duae, sīgna Lx. sunt relāta Antōnī. Rēs bene gesta est. A. d. xvi. Kal. Māi. ex castrīs.

52. nec... potuit: Galba appar- ] received a mortal wound. Hirtius ently did not know that Pansa had l was killed in battle a few days later.

TYPOGRAPHY BY ]J. S. CUSHING ā CO., NORWOOD, MaSS.

s0

55 [OCR skipped on page(s) 111-117]