scudder_easy.md

title	subtitle	author	date	lang	edited	license	original_scan	notes
Easy Latin	A Reader for Beginners	Jared W. Scudder	1925	la	false	CC-BY-SA 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/	https://www.google.com/books/edition/Easy_Latin/nV9JAAAAYAAJ

EASY LATIN

1. Carta ītaliae Antīquae

Ecce carta ītaliae antīquae. ītalia erat, nōn īnsula, sed pēn-īnsula longa. In ītaliā maxima urbs erat Rōma. Lingua incolārum Rōmae erat Latīna.

Magna erat glōria antīquae Rōmae. Nam Rōma erat domina plūrimārum terrārum in Eurōpā, Asiā et Āfricā5 Erant in Eurōpā multae terrae, aliae magnae, aliae parvae. Germānia erat terra magna et barbara. Graecia erat

parva, sed praeclāra.

Maxima īnsula erat Britannia, quae nōn longē ab Galliā ab-erat. Sicilia quoque erat magna īnsula. 10

Form English derivatives from the following words occur- ring in the text above:

carta, antīqua, pēnīnsula, longa, glōria, domina, barbara.

Respondē:

1. Quālis terra erat ītalia? 2. Quae erat maxima urbs in

ītaliā? 3. Quālis terra erat antīqua Germānia? 4. Erat-ne Graecia magna terra? 5. Quae īnsula erat prope ītaliam?

1. ecce, behold, here is. carta, -ae, f., map. erat, (he, she, it) uas; pl., erant, (they) were. 2. pēn-īnsula, -ae, f., lpaene, almost + īn- sula], peninsula. urbs, (3rd decl,, f., nom. sing.), city. 3. in-cola, -ae, c., [in H colō, cultivatel, inhabitant. 4. nam, conj., for. s. plūrimae, very many. 6. aliae... aliae, some .. . others.
2. prae-clāra, very famous. g9. quae, rel. pron., fem. nom. sing., which. 10. ab-erat, was away. quoque, adv., ulso, too.

I

2 Easy Latin

PARIS CARRYING OFF HELEN

Digitized by Google Antīqua Trōia 3

6. Sunt-ne nunc multae terrae in Eurōpā? 4. Quālis terra est Hispānia? 8. Ubi est Sicilia? 9. Est-ne Britannia prope ītaliam? 10. Quae est maxima urbs in Britanniā? r1. Quae est lingua incolārum Britanniae?

7. Antīqua Trōia

In Asiā erat antīqua Trōia, oppidum magnum et prae- clārum. Mūrus altus et lātus oppidum mūniēbat. Intus erant templa pulchra et aedificia magnifica.

Ōlim inter Trōiānōss et Graecōs vēnit saeva discordia propter raptum Helenae. Et Graecī et Trōiānī longum bellum parant. Mox Graecī ad ro Asiam nāvigant et ter- ram vāstant. Deinde oppidum oppugnant. Diū atque ācriter pug- nābant Trōiānī prō pa-1s triā. Dēnique per dolum Graecī oppidum intrant

MENELAUS, HUSBAND OF HELEN et plūrimōs Trōiānōs necant. Aenēās autem cum multīs sociīs ab ōrīs Asiae effūgit atque in ītaliam pervēnit. 20

1. Asia, -ae, f., Asia, not, as now, the whole continent, but merely Asia Minor. oppidum, -ī, n., (fortified) toun or city. 2. mārus, , m., wall. mūniēbat, I[mūniō, fortify, ath conj.; the imperfect has the same endings in all verbs], defend. intus, adv., within. 3. pulcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful. s. ōlim, adv., once upon a time, formerly. inter, prep. with acc., between. 6. vēnit, [veniō, comel, came. saevus, -a, -um, fierce. 7. propter, prep. with acc., on account of. raptus. 4 Easy Latin

Whnat Latin words in the foregoing passage do the follow-

ing English words suggest: navigate, discord, magnificent, waste, latitude, associates, edifice, pugnacious, altitude, temple, patriotic?

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat antīqua Trōia? 2. Quāle oppidum erat Trōia?
2. Quid Trōiam mūniēbat? 4. Quae erat causa bellī inter

THE TROJAN HORSE

-ūs, m., [rapiō, sei2el], 4th decl. acc. sing., carrying off. S. Helena, -ae, f., Helen, the beautiful wife of Menelaus, a Greek chieftain. Paris, a Trojan prince, carried her off to Troy. et... et, both ... and. 10. parant; in Latin for the sake of greater vividness the present tense is often used to denote a past action. 12. de-inde, adv., (thereafter), then. (Compare tum). 14. diū, adv., long. ācri-ter, adv., lācer, fiercel, fiercely. 16. dēnique, adv., finally, at last; (aīter a ten years’ siege). per, prep. with acc., through. dolus, -ī, m., cunning, trick; the famous trick of “the Trojan horse.” 19. necō, -āre, slay, kill. Aenēās, -ae, m., Aeneas, a Trojan hero. autem, postpositive conj., however. 20. ef-fūgit, lex A fugiō, fleel, escaped. per-vēnit, came through, arrived. Aenēās in Latiō 5

Graecōs et Trōiānōs? 5. In quā terrā habitābat Helena? 6. Quālis fēmina erat Helena? 7. Quis Helenam ex Graeciā rapuit? 8. Quō modo Graecī Trōiānōs superāvērunt? g9. Quis ex oppidō effūgit? ro. In quam terram pervēnit?

3. Aenēās in Latiō

Ubi Aenēās in ītaliam pervēnit, ibi habitābant multī populī. Prope fluvium Tiberim erant Latīnī, quōrum rēx erat Latīnus. Propter ōrāculum Latīnus erat amīcus

THE LANDING OF AENEAS IN ITALY

Ubi, conj. when. ibi, adv., there. 2. prope, prep. with acc., near. fluvius, -ī, m., [fluō, flowl, river. Tiber, -is, m., 3rd decl.; Tiberim, acc. sing., Tiber. Latīnī, -ōrum, m., the Latins. quōrum, (m. gen. pl. of rel. pron. quī), whose. rēx, rēgis, m., 3rd decl., king. 3. Latīnus, -ī, m., Latinus, the king’s name. ōrāculum, -ī, n., oracle. The oracle declared that a foreigner would come to Latium, who was destined to be the king’s son-in-law. amīcus, -a, -um, adj., friendly. 6 Easy Latin

Aenēae atque Trōiānō virō suam fīliam Lāvīniam in mā- s trimōnium dare optābat.

Sed Aenēās erat nōn grātus rēgīnae Amātae, quae iam diū Turnum generum habēre optābat. Sīc iterum Trōiānīs fēmina erat causa bellī. Post multa proelia inter Trōiānōs et Latīnōs Aenēās Turnum ferrō necāvit atque in Latiō

10 rēgnābat. Lāvīniam in mātrimōnium dūxit, et oppidum condidit quod Lāvīnium vocāvit.

Form English derivatives from:

habitābant, populī, amīcus, fīliam, mātrimōnium, optābat, grātus, fēmina, rēgnābat, vocāvit.

Respondē:

1. Ubi habitābant Latīnī? 2. Quis erat Latīnus? 3. Quis erat Lāvīnia? 4. Quid optābat Latīnus? 5. Quis erat Am- āta? 6. Cūr erat Aenēās nōn grātus rēgīnae? 7. Quis erat Turnus? S8. Ubi habitābat Turnus? g9. Uter proeliō super- āvit, Aenēās an Turnus? r10. Cūr Aenēās oppidum Lāvīnium vocāvit?

2. vir, virī, m., man, hero. suus, -a, um, his, her, its, their. 5. dō, dare, dedī, datus, give; dare is the act. pres. inf., to give. optō, -āre, wish, desire. 6. grātus, -a, -um, pleasing, acceptable. (Cf. persōna nōn grāta). iam, adv., now, dalready. 7. Turnus, -ī, m., Turnus, king of the Rutuli, a tribe living near the Latins. gener, -ī, m., son-in-law. habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, have; habēre is the act. pres. inf., to have. sīc, adv., thus, so. iterum, adv., again, a second time. 8. post, prep. with acc., after. 9. ferrum, ī, n., (iron), sword. 10. dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, (3rd conj.). lead. 11. con -dō. -ere, -didī, -ditūs, 3rd conj., found. quod, nom. and acc. sing. n. of the rel. pron. quī, which. Lāvīnium, -ī, n., Lavinium; this town was directly south of Rome, about three miles from the coast. vocō, -āre, aall, name.

Alba Longa 7

4. Alba Longa Ascanius, fīlius Aenēae, novum oppidum condidit, quod Albam Longam vocāvit. Posteā per multōs annōs Aenēae posterī in hōc oppidō rēgnāvērunt. Silvius Proca, rēx Albae Longae, habuit duōs fīliōs, Numitōrem et Amūlium. Post mortem Procae, Amūlius s

A GROUP OF VESTAL VIRCINS

rēgnum occupāvit. Tamen Amūlius Numitōris līberōs semper timēbat. Itaque eius fīlium necāvit et fīliam, Rheam Silviam, Vestālem virginem creāvit.

I. novus, -a, -um, new. 2. Alba Longa: fifteen miles southeast of Rome; so called because its long line of white houses ran down the slope of the Alban Mount. post-eā, adv., thereafter. per, prep. with acc., through, during, for. 3. posterī, -ōrum, m., descendants. hōc, abl. sing. n., of pron. hīc, this. s. Numitor, -ōris, m., 3rd decl.,, (-em, acc. sing. ending), Numitor, the elder of Proca’s sons. mors, mortis, f., 3rd decl., death. 6. tamen, conj., nevertheless. līberī, -ōrum, m., ſlīber, freel, children. 7. semper, adv., alwuays. timeō, -ēre, -uī, —, fear. ita-que, conj., and so. eius, gen. sing. of pron. is, his. 8. virgō, -inis, f., 3rd decl., virgin; Vestālis virgō, Vestal virgin, priest- 8 Easy Latin

Haec autem geminōs fīliōs, Rōmulum et Remum, peperit. 10Deinde Amūlius, valdē īrātus, Rheam Silviam in vincula con-iēcit, atque puerōs in Tiberim ab-iēcit.

THE ALBAN LAKE

Alba Longa was probably situated on the ridge seen across the lake.

ess of Vesta, who was not permitted to marry. In all there were six Vestals. They were always dressed in white. Their duties were to keep the fire burning in the temple of Vesta and to offer prayers and perform sacrifices to the goddess. In public they were attended by a lictor and had precedence over the highest magistrates; they were given a seat of honor at the public games; their persons were sacred; lastly, they were accorded the distinction of a burial in the Forum. 9. haec, nom. sing. f. of pron. hīc, she. geminus, -a, -um, tuin. peperit, bore, brought forth. 10. valdē, adv., exceedingly. īrātus, -a, -um, ſīra, angerl, angered. vinculum, -ī, n., [vinciō, bindl, chain. 11. con-iēcit, liaciō, throul, threw (forcibly), cast. ab-iēcit, liaciōl, threw (away), cast. Rōmulus et Remus 9

Find the Latin word suggested by:

reign, vocal, have, occupy, irate, novice, abject, duet, create, timid, virgin, annual, mortal.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Ascanius? 2. Vēnit-ne Ascanius cum Aenēā ad ītaliam? 3. Quod oppidum in Latiō Ascanius condidit?

Quot fīliōs habuit Proca? 5. Uter fīlius erat minor nātū (younger)? 6. Uter fīlius post Procae mortem rēgnāvit? 7. Quis erat Rhea Silvia? 8. Ne- cāvit-ne Amūlius Rheam Silviam? g9. Cuius fīliī erant Rōmulus et Re- mus? r 0. Erat-ne Rōm- ulus minor nātū? r1. Quō modo Amūlius Rheam Silviam pūnīvit?

5. Rōmulus et Remus JurtturōrēAā yīīs Wī

Xēisisrn wir[irēit”irūt Tum forte Tiberis fīni- 54. 1 timōs agrōs inundābat. Paulisper parvī puerī in

RouMULUS AND REMUS

vadō natābant. Mox An altar showing the finding of the twins aqua fluvī re-fluit atque and the wolf.

eōs in siccō re-linquit. Lupa puerōrum vāgītum audit eto eōs cūrat.

1. forte, adv., by chance. fīnitimus, -a, -um, fīnis, end, boundaryl, neighboring. 3. paulisper, adv., for a little while. 4. vadum, -ī, n., shal- low spot. natō, -āre, float. 6. eōs, acc. pl. m. of pron. is, them. siccum, -ī, n., dry ground. re-linquit, leaves. lupa, -ae, f., she-wolf. vāgītum, 4th decl., acc. sing., crying. audit, hears. 7. cūrō, -āre, care for. 10 Easy Latin

Posteā Faustulus puerōs in-vēnit atque ad Accam Lā- rentiam eōs portāvit, quae eōs ēducābat.

10 Rōmulus et Remus, ubi erant adultī, Amūlium necāvē- runt et avō suō rēgnum restituērunt. Deinde in rīpā Tiberis novum oppidum condidērunt, quod Rōmulus ā suō nōmine Rōmam vocāvit.

Form English derivatives from:

inundābat, natābant, aqua, relinquit, audit, cūrat, invēnit, portāvit, ēducābat, adultī, restituērunt, nōmine.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Alba Longa? 2. Erat-ne Alba Longa prope fluvium Tiberim? 3. Erat-ne Tiberis altus lātusque fluvius?

2. Inundant-ne fluviī nunc fīnitimōs agrōs? 5. Sunt-ne vada in magnīs fluviīs? 6. Quō modo Rōmulus et Remus in siccum pervēnērunt? 74. Quis puerōrum vāgītum audīvit?

3. Num lupae saepe līberōs cūrant? 9. Quis posteā puerōs invēnit? 10. Quis eōs ēducāvit? 11. Cui Rōmulus et Remus posteā rēgnum restituērunt? 12. Quod oppidum Rōmulus et Remus condidērunt? 13. Ubi erat novum oppidum?

4. Puerī Rōmānī Gāius et Mārcus, fīliī medicī Rōmānī, erant impigrī puerī. Māne in lūdum ībant. Magister, Orbilius, erat valdē sevērus, atque virgīs puerōs saepe verberābat. Post

S. Faustulus, -ī, m., Faustulus, a shepherd. Acca Lārentia, -ae, f., Acca Larentia, wife of Faustulus. 9. ē-ducō, -āre, bring up. r0. adul- tus, -a, -um, grown up. 11. avus, -ī, m., grandfather. re-stituērunt, restored. rīpa, -ae, f., bank. 13. nōmen, -inis, n., 3rd decl. abl. sing., name.

1. im-piger, -gra, -grum, Ipiger, lazyl, active. 2. māne, adv., early in the morning. lūdus, -ī, m., school. ī-bant, īeō, gol, used to g0. Orbilius, -ī, m., Orbilius, a teacher, famous for the floggings he administered to the poet Horace. 3. virga, -ae, f., rod. saepe, adv.,

Puerī Rōmānī

MaArS Mars was the god of war, the father of Romulus and Remus.

II

I2

Easy Latin

prandium, interdum Gāius et Mārcus in Campō Mārtiō s equitābant; interdum per silvās errābant; in fluviīs nāvigābant; in stagnīs natābant; in armīs exercitātī erant. Sīc plērumque Rōmānī ad mīlitiam puerōs parābant.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

A Discus THROWER

silvan, arms, magistrate, exercised, stagnant, medi- cine, severe, err, re-verber- ate, militia, natatorium.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat pater Gāī et Mārcī? 2. Erant-ne puerī studiōsī? 3. Quis erat eōrum magister in lūdō?

2. Quālis vir erat magis- ter? s. ībant-ne Gāius et Mārcus in lūdum post prandium? 6. Quō ībant?

3. Sunt-ne et puerī et puellae in tuō 1ūdō?

4. Sunt-ne magistrī in tuō lūdō sevērī? 9. Num ma- gistrī Americānī virgīs lībe- rōs verberant? ro. Sunt-ne

Americānī puerī in armīs exercitātī? 11. Errās-ne interdum

in silvīs? 12. Ubi natās?

often. verberō, -āre, whip. 4. prandium, -ī, n., lunch. inter-dum, adv., sometimes. Campus Mārtius, -ī, m., the Campus Martius, a grassy plain (Campus) in Rome along the Tiber, dedicated to Mars (Mārtius). Here young Romans ran, jumped, rode, wrestled, boxed,

threw the discus, and played ball.

5. equitō, -āre, equus], ride.

errō, -āre, wander, roam. 6. stagnum, -ī, n., pond. 7. plērum-que,

adv., generally. Sextus et Mārcus, Condiscipulī 13

T7. Sextus et Mārcus, Condiscipulī SEXTUS. Ubi es, Mārce? Tē audiō, sed nōn videō. MARrRCUS. Hīc ad-sum, in hortō. Nōn-ne foras venīre

pot-es? S. Nōn pos-sum, quod sum aeger. Erās-ne herī in lūdōe 5 M. Nōn eram. Herī erat nūllus lūdus.

——p

A ROMAN TRIUMPH

S. Cūr nōn? Erat-ne magister aeger?

M. Minimē. Magistrī numquam sunt aegrī! Frat diēs fēstus.

Title: con-discipulus, -ī, m., [discō, learn], schoolmate. 1. tē, acc. sing. of pron. tū, you. videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsus, see. 2. hīc, adv., here. hortus, -ī, m., garden. foras, adv., out-of-doors. 4. pos- sum, posse, potuī, —, be able. quod, conj., because. aeger, -gra, -grum, sick. herī, adv., yesterday. 6. n-ūllus, -ā, -um, not any, no. 7. cūr, interrog. adv., why? S8. minimē, adv., not at all, no, no indeed. n-umquam, adv., never. 9. diēs, -ēī, m., sth decl., nom. sing., day.

14 Easy Latin

10 S. Erat-ne triumphus in Forō?

M. Nōn eram in Forō. Ego et Gāius per tōtum diem in fundō avī meī erāmus. Ibi equitābāmus et in stāgnō natābāmus.

S. Nōnne crās in lūdō eritis?

1s M. Certē. Et ego et Gāius in lūdō erimus. Et tūp S. Nōn erō. Nōn satis valēbō. M. vvalē.

Form English derivatives from:

discipulī, Mārce, vīsus, hortō, nūllus, diēs, fēstus, triumphus, Forō, tōtum, valeō.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Mārcus? 2. Cūr Sextus in hortum ex-īre nōn pot-erat? 3. Ubi fuerant Mārcus et Gāius prīdiē? 4. Quid per tōtum diem faciēbant?

2. Ubi nunc es? 6. Valēs-ne hodiē? 7. Cūr nōn erās in lūdō herī? 38. Erās-ne in hortō? 9. Ubi erunt magistrī crās? r10. Frit-ne lūdus crās? r1. Habet-ne tuus avus fun- dum? 12. Potes-ne equitāre? 13. Potes-ne bene natāre?

3. Perfida Tarpeia

Sabīnī ōlim Rōmānōrum agrōs vāstābant. Iam ad oppidum appropinquābant. Sī Capitōlium expugnābunt,

10. triumphus, -ī, m., triumphal procession. 12. fundus, -ī, m., farm.
11. crās, adv., tomorrow. i15. certē, adv., certainly, yes. i56. satis, adv., enough. valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, be uell, be strong. 17. valē, imperative of valeō, fare uell, good by.

Title. per-fidus, -a, -um, treacherous. 1. Sabīnī, -ōrum, m., the Sabines, a people dwelling north of Latium. 2. ap-propinquō, -āre, [ad H propel, approach. Sī, conj., if. Capitōlium, -ī, n., the Capi- toline, the hill in Rome on which the Capitol stood. ex-pugnō, -āre,

Perfida Tarpeia I15

Rōmānōs omnīnō superābunt. Mox Capitōlium oppug- nant, sed frūstrā.

Dēnique aurō Tarpeiam, fīliam praefectī Rōmānī, temp- tant. Sed puella postulat ōrnāmenta quae in laevīs brac- chiīs sunt. Sabīnī nōn recūsant. Mox intrā portam stant. Tum sine morā in Tarpeiam scūta iactant. Nam Sabīnō- rum scūta quoque erant in laevīs bracchiīs. Sīc perfidam Tarpeiam necant, atque Capitōlium occupant.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

ornament, stand, perfidi- ous, portal, tempt, frus- trate.

Respondē:

1. Quī ōlim Rōmā- nōrum agrōs vāstābant?
2. Ubi habitābant Sabīnī?
3. Num prīmō Sabīnī Capi- tōlium expugnant? 4. Quis erat Tarpeia? 5. Quō modo Sabīnī Tarpeiam temptant? 6. Quid Tar- peia postulat? 7. Ubierant scūta Sabīnōrum? 38. Ubi

intrā portam stant, quid faciunt Sabīnī? From this rock traitors were hurled.

THE TARPEIAN ROCK

capture. (Cf. op-pugnō). 3. omnīnō, adv., lomnis, alll, altogether. 4. frūstrā, adv., in vain. 5. aurum, -ī, n., gold. prae-fectus, -ī, m., [prae AH faciōl, commander. 6. postulō, -āre, demand. laevus, -a, -um, left. bracchium, -ī, n., arm. j. re-cūsō, -āre, lcausal], refuse. intrā, prep. with acc., within. 8. sine, prep. with abl., without. mora, -ae, f., delay. scūtum, -ī, n., (long wooden) shield. iactō, -ēāre, fiaciō], hurl. Nam, conij., for. 9. quo-que, adv., also.

5

I10 16 Easy Latin

9. Mettius Curtius

Magna rīma ōlim in Forō Rōmānō subitō appāret. Prīmō Rōmānī saxa terramque in locum iactābant, sed frūstrā. Rīma lāta atque profunda manēbat.

Inde Rōmānī multīs lacrimīs ā deō auxilium ōrābant.

s Deus tandem ita respondet: “Sī maximum Rōmānum bonum locō dicābitis, tum rīmam explēbō.”

Diū in dubiō erant animī Rōmānōrum.

Form English derivatives from:

appāret, prīmō, terram, locum, profunda, manēbat, lacrimīs, deō, auxilium, ōrābant, tandem, respondet, maximum, bonum, dicābitis, explēbō, dubiō, animī.

Respondē:

1. Quid ōlim in Forō Rōmānō appāret? 2. Quō modo Rōmānī rīmam explēre petunt? 3. Cūr rīmam explēre nōn possunt? 4. Ā quō Rōmānī auxilium ōrant. 5. Nōnne Rōmānī multōs deōs ad-ōrābant? 6. Explet-ne deus rīmam statim? 7. Quid respondet deus? 38. Intellegunt-ne Rō- mānī deī respōnsum?

2. Mettius Curtius. — Concluded

Dēnique Mettius Curtius, vir bellō ēgregius, “Animus intrepidus” inquit ‘“maximum Rōmānum bonum est.” Statim equum suum magnificē exōrnat, et mox armātus

I1. rīma, -ae, f., crack. subitō, adv., suddenly. 2. saxum, A, n., rock, stone. 3. maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsus, remain. 4. lacrima, -ae, f., tear. deus, -ī, m., god. ōrō, -āre, pray, beg. 5. tandem, adv., at last. ita, adv., thus. 6. bonum, -iī, n., treasure. dicō, -āre, consecrate, devote. ex-pleō, ēre, fill up. 7. animus, -ī, m., mind, courage.

1. ē-gregius, -a, -um, lgrex, flockl], distinguished. 2. in-trepidus, -a, -um, Itrepidus, alarmedl, undaunted. inquit, says he. 3. statim,

Mettius Curtius

Cs ru—

THE ROMAN FORUM FROM THE SOUTHWEST

āit. hi mu li

ii 2ō5

exr Mbī

The Romans erected an altar to Mettius Curtius, part of which can be seen between the two columns in the

Digitized by Google

17

foreground. 18 Easy Latin

in Forum equitat. Inde, dum turba Rōmānōrum stupet,

s in rīmam ipsam equum incitat. Sine morā deus rīmam explet, atque Rōmānōs magnā cūrā līberat.

Mettium Curtium autem Rōmānī semper laudābant, et eius pulchrum factum memoriā tenēbant.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

turbulent, intrepid, liberate, armed, virile, fact, boon, tena- cious, equine, laud, egregious, stupefy, incite, magnificently, memory, expletive.

Respondē:

1. Quālis vir erat Mettius Curtius? 2. Quid erat eius sententia dē deī respōnsō? 3. Quō equitat? 4. Sunt-ne plūrimī Rōmānī in Forō? 5. Quid deinde facit Mettius Curtius?

2. Servat-ne deus prōmissum? 7. Nōnne est pulchrum prō patriā morī?

3. Meleager

Meleager, fīlius Althaeae, clārissimus Calydōniōrum erat. Forte, ubi parvulus erat, lignum in focō ārdēbat; subitō Parcae appārent atque Althaeam ita monent: “Fīlius tuus vīvet, quam diū flammae lignum nōn cōn-

s sūment.” Statim Althaea flammās restinguit, atque lig- num magnā cum cūrā servābat.

adv., Istō], immediately. 4. inde, adv., then. dum, conj., uvhile. turba, -ae, f., croud. 5. ipse, -a, -um, intensive pron., himself, herself, itself. 6. cūra, -ae, f., care. 8S. eius, gen. sing. of pron. is, his, her, its. factum, -ī, n., Ifaciō], deed. teneō, -ēre, -uī, —, hold.

1. clār-issimus, -a, -um, Isup. of clārus], most famous. Calydōniī, -ōrum, m., the Calydonians. inhabitants of Calydon, a city of Aetolia in Greece. 2. parvulus, -a, -um, lparvus], very small. lignum, -ī, n., stickr of wood. focus, -ī, m., fireplace, hearth. āsdeō, -ēre, āssī, ārsus, burn, blaze. 3. Parcae, -ārum, f., the (three) Fates, goddesses who determined the destinies of men. 4. vīvō, -ere, vīxī, vīctus, live.

Meleager 19

Multīs post annīs, ubi Meleager iam erat adulēscen- tulus, saevus aper Calydōniōs diū terrēbat.

Form English derivatives from:

ārdēbat, monent, vīvet, fltammae, cōnsūment, ex- stinguit, servābat, adulēs- centulus, terrēbat.

Respondē:

1. Cuius fīlius erat Me- leager? 2. Ubi Calydōniī vīvēbant? 3. Quae Al- thaeae appārent, ubi Me- leager parvulus erat?
2. Nōnne Althaea erat per- territa? 5. Quid Parcae Althaeae dīcunt?. 6. Quid facit Althaea? 75. Ubi Me- leager erat adulēscentulus, quid Calydōniōs terrēbat? 8S. Sunt-ne aprī in Americā?
3. Sunt-ne aprī in silvīs Germāniae?

THE THREE FATES

12. Meleager.— Concluded

Meleager tandem multōs clārōs virōs condūcit. Pul- chra Atalanta quoque adest. Mox saevum aprum in dēnsā silvā petunt. Atalanta prīma mōnstrum vulnerat. Meleager autem aprum caedit, atque tergum Atalantae

quam-diū, adv., as long as. 7. adulēscentulus, -ī, m., young man. S. aper, aprī, m., wild boar.

I1. con-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus, assemble. 2. Atalanta, -ae, f., Ata- lanta, a huntress famed for her beauty and swiftness of foot. 3. petō, -ere, -īvī and -iī, -ītus, seek, look for. 4. caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesus, 20 Easy Latin

s benignē dat. At improbī avunculī Meleagrī Atalantam tergō prīvant. Statim Meleager plēnus īrae suōs avun- culōs caedit. Inde Althaea īrāta lignum accendit, quod mox flammae cōnsūmunt. Brevī posteā Meleager ē vītā excessit.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

vulnerable, vital, clear, brief, dative, dense, benign, exceed, plenary, monster, flame.

Respondē:

1. Cūr Meleager multōs clārōs Calydōniōs condūcit? 2. Ubi aprum petunt? 3. Quālis fēmina erat Atalanta? 4. Num Meleager prīmus aprum vulnerat? s. Quis aprum caedit?

2. Cui dat Meleager tergum aprī? 7. Quālēs virī erant avunculī Meleagrī? 8. Quid faciunt? 9. Num Meleager hanc iniūriam tolerat? i10. Cūr Althaea lignum accendit?

3. Quid Meleagrō accidit?

4. Librī Sibyllīnī

Dē Librīs Sibyllīnīs antīquī hanc fābulam nārrant: Quondam ad Tarquinium Superbum vēnit anus incognita,

kill. tergum, -ī, n., skin, hide. 5. benignē, adv., graciously. at, conj., (introducing a contrast), but. im-probus, -a, -um, base, dishonoratle. avunculus, -ī, m., [avus], (maternal) uncle. 6. prīvō, -āre, roō, deprive. plēnus, -a, -um, Ipleō, filll, full. 7. ac-cendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsus, lad 4 -cendō, kindlel], set on fire, light. 8. brevī, adv., shortly. vīta, -ae, f., life. 9. ex-cēdō, -ere, -cessi, -cessus, g0 out, depart.

Title: liber, -brī, m., book. Sibyllīnus, -a, -um, [Sibylla], Sibylline; the Sibyls were prophetesses of Apollo. They lived in solitary caves, and uttered their prophecies when roused by the god to a state of spiritual exaltation or frenzy. 1. antīquī, -ōrum, m., ancient vriters. hanc, (acc. sing. f. of hic), this. 2. quondam, adv., once upon a time. Tarquinius, -ī, m.; Tarquinius Superbus, Tarquin the Proud,

Librī Sibyllīnī 21

ferēns novem librōs. ‘“Hī librī” inquit “sunt dīvīna ōrācula. Eōs vēndere volō.” Tarquinius autem eam interrogāvit: “Quantī eōs vēndere vīs?” Deinde anuss prō novem librīs pretium immēnsum poposcit. Eam quasi īnsānam rēx dē-rīsit. Tum anus coram foculum appōnit, trīs librōs ex novem ex-ūrit, atque prō reliquīs idem pretium poscit. Sed Tarquinius id multō magis rīsit.

Form English derivatives from:

fābulam, nārrant, incognita, dīvīna, vēndere, volō, interro- gāvit, quantī, immēnsum, īnsānam, dērīsit, appōnit, reliquīs, rīsit.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Tarquinius Superbus? 2. Quis ōlim ad Tarquinium vēnit? 3. Quot librōs ferēbat anus? 4. Quid rēgī dē hīs librīs dīxit?. s. Num anus aequum pretium poposcit?
2. Ēmit-ne rēx librōs sine morā? 4. Quid deinde fēcit anus?
3. Cūr rīsit rēx?

the last of the seven kings of Rome. anus, -ūs, (4th decl), f., old woman. in-cognitus, -a, -um, lcognōscō, knovl, unknown. 3. ferēns, (pres. part. of ferō), carrying. novem, indecl. num. adj., nine. hī, (nom. pl. m. of hīc), these. 4. vēndō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, sell. volō, velle, voluī, —, irreg., wish. eam, (acc. sing. f. of is), her. 5. quantī, (for) how much. vīs, (pres. ad sing. of volō), you wish. 6. pretium, -, n., price; pretium immēnsum; she is said to have demanded three hundred pieces of gold for the books. poscō, -ere, poposcī,, demand. qua-si, adv., as if. 7. dē-rīdeō, -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsus, laugh to scorn. coram, adv., in his presence. foculus, -ī, m., fire-pan, brazier. ap- pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus, [ad], place near. 8. ex-ūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ūstus, burn up. reliquus, -a, -um, remaining, the rest. idem, (acc. sing. n. of pron. īdem), the same. 9. magis, adv., [comp. of multō, much], more.

22 Easy Latin

14. Librī Sibyllīnī. — Concluded

Anus statim trīs aliōs librōs exūrit atque prō reliquīs idem pretium placidē poscit. Nunc tandem Tarquinius sēriō animō rem cōnsīderat. Dēnique trīs librōs eōdem pretiō ēmit, quod anus prīmō prō novem librīs petīvit.

s Deinde anus discessit nec usquam iterum appāruit.

Eōs librōs Tarquinius Librōs Sibyllīnōs appel- lāvit et in sacrārium condidit. Semper pos-

ro teā, sī quid dīrum accidit, Quīndecim-virī eōs quasi ōrācula cōnsuluērunt.

3. rēs, reī, (acc., rem), sth decl.,, f., thing, matter. 4. emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptus, buy. ss. dis-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -ces- sus, depart. nec or neque, conj., and not, nor. usquam, adv., anywhere. iterum, adv., again; this strange incident led Tarquin to believe that the old woman was none other than the famous Cumaean Sibyl. Even now the visitor to Cumae (near Naples) is led down a long dark passage to a stream, across which he is borne on the back of a stalwart Italian peasant to a chamber that is called “the Sibyl’s bath.” 38. sacrārium, -ī, n., [sacer], sacred place, shrine; the books were kept in a stone chest in a vault under the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline hill. 9. con-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, store. r0. sī quid, if anything. dīrus, -a, -um, dreadful. 11. Quīn- decim-virī, -ōrum, m,, the fifteen men in charge of the Sibylline books.

CUM2EAN SlBYL Perseus et Andromeda 23

Find the Latin word suggested by:

consider, precious, dire, library, consult, serious, November, placidly.

Respondē:

I. Quot librōs anus exussit? 2. Quot librī erant reliquī? 3. Quantī rēx reliquōs librōs ēmit? 4. Num quis posteā anum vīdit? s. Quis erat anus? 6. Quō Tarquinius Librōs Sibyllīnōs condidit? 7. Quī eōs cūrābant? 8. Num eōs saepe cōnsulēbant?

16. Perseus et Andromeda

In Aethiopiā ōlim bēlua fera agrōs vāstābat, atque mul- tōs virōs dēvorābat. Rēx Cēpheus, igitur, cūrīs sollicitus, ōrāculum cōnsulit. Quod autem ita respondet: “Deus īrātus propter superbiam rēgīnae patriam tuam sīc pūnit. Sī autem bēluae tuam fīliam Andromedam dabis, tum deuss poenam fīniet.”

Inde Cēpheus maestus Andromedam ad dūra saxa revincit. Mox bēluam exaudiunt.

1

Form English derivatives from:

fera, dēvorābat, sollicitus, superbiam, pūnit, poenam, fīniet, dūra.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Aethiopia? 2. Quis ōlim erat in Aethiopiā?
2. Cūr rēx ōrāculum cōnsulit? 4. Cūr deus terram pūniēbat?
3. Quā condiciōne deus bēluā terram līberābit? 6. Quis erat Andromeda? 7. Num Andromeda quoque erat superba?
4. Nōnne Cēpheus suam fīliam amābat? 9. Cūr Androme- dam ad saxa revincit?

I. bēlua, -ae, f., beast, monster. ferus, -a, -um, fierce. 2. sollicitus, -a, -um, troubled. 4. superbia, -ae, f., pride. 6. poena, -ae, f., punish- ment. 7. maestus, -a, -um, sad. dūrus, -a, -um, hard. 8S. re-vinciō, -īre, -vinxī, -vinctus, bind (back). ex-audiō, -īre, hear (from afar).

24 Easy Latin 16. Perseus et Andromeda. — Concluded

Tum forte Perseus super Aethiopiam volābat. Subitō Andromedam cernit. Sine morā vir appropinquat, et lacrimārum causam quaerit. Andromeda bēluam mōn- strat.

s Statim Perseus in aurās ascendit. Mox falcātō tēlō tergum mōnstrī ferit. Diū atque ācriter pūgnant. Dēni- que Perseus bēluam superat. Inde Andromedam catēnīs līberat. Brevī posteā Cēpheus fīliam suam Perseō in mātrimōnium dat.

Find the Latin word suggested by: de-monstrate, ascend, dis-cern, in-superable, in- quire.

Respondē:

1. Ubi habitābat Per- seus? 2. Quālem animum habēbat Perseus? 3. Quod mōnstrum anteā cecīdit?
2. Quō nunc volābat?
3. Quem cernit? 6. Est-

. ne Andromeda perterrita? PērSēUS 1. Ubi erat bēlua? S. Quālī tēlō Perseus mōnstrum ferit? 9. Quod praemium Perseus ā Cēpheō accēpit?

1. Perseus, -ī, m., Perseus, a Greek hero, who slew the Gorgon Medusa. To aid him the god Mercury provided him with winged sandals and a sickle-shaped sword. volō, -āre, fly. 2. cernō, -ere, crēvī, crētus, discern. 5. aura, -ae, f., breeze, air; often pl., air. falcātus, -a, -um, [falx, sicklel, hooked, curved. tēlum, -ī, n., ueapon.

2. feriō, -īre, —, —, strike, wound. j. catēna, -ae, f., chain. Forum Rōmānum 25

3. Forum Rōmānum

Forum Rōmānum erat inter Capitōlium et Palātium. Prīmō undique erant parvae tabernae. Posteā autem clārī cōnsulēs imperātōrēsque basilicās et templa in Forō aedificābant. In basilicīs erant argentāriae; hīc etiam praetōrēs iūs reddēbant. 5

In Cūriā Hostīliā et in Templō Concordiae senātōrēs

ROMAN SENATORS

1. Palātium, -ī, n., the Palatine hill. 2. undi-que, adv., on all sides. taberna, -ae, f., shop. 3. basilica, -ae, f., basilica, a double- colonnaded hall, used both as a money exchange and a court of justice. Later, Roman basilicas often served as Christian places of worship, and many of our churches are still built on the basilica plan.
2. argentāria, -ae, f., largentum, silver], bane. s5. praetor, -ōris, m., judge. iūs, iūris, n., law, justice. red-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, render, administer. 6. cūria, -ae, f., senate house; in Rome the senate usually met in the Cūria Hostīlia (built by king Tullus Hostīlius), but some- Easy Latin

26

THE FORUM TODAY, FROM THE NORTHWEST

ēter=rtīrēs Jā&Y 1 S.7ē=āū Ē Bāc=x

23 ā

w5

2ēīuii

e

TnE FORUM RESTORED, FROM THE SOUTHEAST Forum Rōmānum 27

conveniēbant. In Rōstrīs Cicerō et aliī ōrātōrēs ad popu- lum ōrātiōnēs habēbant.

Undique erant altae columnae et deōrum simulācra et clārōrum virōrum statuae. 10

Find the Latin word suggested by:

emperor, column, palace, senator, oration, consul, concord, tavern, convene, orator, jury, statue, render.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Forum Rōmānum? 2. Quae prīmō erant un- dique in Forō? 3. Quae posteā clārī Rōmānī in Forō aedifi- cābant? 4. Ubi erant argentāriae? 5. Ubi praetōrēs iūs reddēbant? 6. Ubi conveniēbant senātōrēs? 7. Ubi Rōmānī clārōrum virōrum ōrātiōnēs saepe audiēbant?

2. Forum Rōmānum. — Concluded

Togātī Rōmānī in Forum saepe conveniēbant. Hīc multa comitia habēbant. Hinc Viā Sacrā cōnsulēs le- giōnēs Rōmānās ad bellum ēdūcēbant. Viā Sacrā legiōnēs victōrēs, praedā onustae, in Forum incēdēbant magnīs clāmōribus populī. 5

Nunc autem Forum est dēsertus locus, et tantum-modo

times in the Temple of Concord. j. rōstrum, -ī, n., beak, ship’s beak; pl., the Rōstra, a platform for speakers in the Forum, adorned with beaks of captured ships. 9. simulācrum, -ī, n., image, statue.

1. togātus, -a, -um, Itogal, togaed, uearing the toga, a flowing gar- ment of woolen cloth, the distinctive dress of Roman citizens in public.
2. comitia, -ōrum, n., elections. hinc, adv., from this place, hence. via, -ae, f., way, street. sacer, -cra, -crum, sacred; Via Sacra, the principal street in Rome. 4. praeda, -ae, f., booty. onustus, -a, -um, lonus, burdenl], laden. in-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, march, advance.
3. tantum-modo, adv., only.

28 Easy Latin

ruīnās ostendit. Nihil manet nisi pauca vestīgia antīquae glōriae Rōmānae.

Form English derivatives from:

viā, sacrā, legiōnēs, victōrēs, praedā, clāmōribus, dēsertus, ruīnās, ostendit, nihil, pauca, vestīgia.

Respondē:

1. Quī sōlī togam gerēbant? 2. Ubi Rōmānī comitia habēbant? 3. Quī legiōnēs ad bellum ēdūcēbant? 4. Quā

ViA SACRA

viā victōrēs legiōnēs in Forum incēdēbant? 5. Quālis locus nunc est Forum Rōmānum? 6. Manent-ne pauca vestīgia tem- plōrum et basilicārum?

7. os-tendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentus, lob 4 tendō, stretch beforel, show. nihil, n., indecl., nothing. ni-si, coni., if not, unless, except. paucī, -ae, -a, few. Gabiī 29

8. Gabiī

Diū Tarquinius Superbus obsidēbat Gabiōs, sed frūstrā. Dēnique fraudem temptat. Obsidiōne dēsistit atque ad urbāna opera animadvertit.

Brevī posteā Sextus, Tarquinī fīlius, ad Gabīnōs venit. “Nōnne” inquit “iīlium ā saevīs suppliciīs patris tegētis? s Rēgis saevitia est intoleranda. Ecce! ego, exsul, Latium pererrō. Forsitan populum cupidum bellī adversus super- bum rēgem inveniam.”

5 . = t d- a. r- ērēgm-.6 5 . i

xl ī ī 5ī r4 ”. “5 . 4 fee5 =

ETRUSCAN TOMBS NEAR ROME

A name on one tomb, made out to be Tarknos, may refer to the Tarquin of our story.

Title: Gabiī, -ōrum, m., Gabii, a city of Latium, twelve miles to the east of Rome. 1I. ob-sideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessus, [sedeō, sitl], besiege. 3. opus, -eris, n., work. anim-ad-vertō, -ere, -vertī, -versus, (tum one’s mind to), attend ito. 5. sup-plicium, -ī, n., [sub H-plicō, fold under], torture. tegō, -ere, tēxī, tēctus, protect. 15. for-sit-an, adv., ffors-sit-an, it may be that], perhaps. cupidus, -a, -um, [cupiō, 30 Easy Latin

Sine morā Gabīnī prīncipem in oppidum libenter ad- 10 mittunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

urban, intolerable, bellicose, admit, fraud, regal, supplication, cupidity, opera, pro-tect, invention, at-tempt, paternal, prince, desist.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erant Gabiī? 2. Quis Gabiōs diū obsidēbat?

2. Quid dēnique rēx temptat? 4. Quem ad Gabīnōs mittit?

3. Quālis pater erat Tarquinius? 6. Quid Sextus dē patris saevitiā dīcit? 7. Erat-ne aequum sīc dēcipere Gabīnōs?

4. Gabiī. — Concluded

Brevī Sextus favōrem et plēbis et mīlitum conciliat. Ind: nūntium ad patrem mittit. Rēx autem nihil respondet, sed in hortum ambulat, et ibi summa capita papāverum baculō dēcutit. Dēnique nūntius fessus discēdit et Sextō

s dē patre renūntiat.

Sextus autem patris cōnsilium intellegit. Mox prīn- cipēs oppidī aut interimit aut in exsilium agit. Reliquī oppidānī ultrō cēdunt. Itaque Sextus patrī sine ūllā dīmicātiōne oppidum trādit.

desirel, desirous. ad-versus, prep. with acc., vertō], against. g. lib- enter, adv., willingly.

1. plēbs, plēbis, f., common people. 2. nūntius, -ī, m., messenger. mittō, -ere, mīsī, missus, send. 3. summus, -a, -um, highest, tallest. papāver, -eris, n., poppy. 4. baculum, -ī, n., stick, cane. dē-cutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus, strike off. fessus, -a, -um, tired. dis-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, depart. 6. cōnsilium, -ī, n., plan. 17. aut, conj., or; aut... aut, either ... or. inter-imō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptus, [emō, take], kill. agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus, drive. reliquus, -a, -um, [linquō, leavel, remaining. 8. ultrō, adv., of one’s own accord. ūllus, -a, -um, any. 9. dīmicātiō, -ōnis, f., struggle. trā-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, [trāns], give over, hand over.

Brūtus et Fīliī Tarquinī 31

Form English deriva- tives from:

favōrem, plēbis, mīlitum, conciliat, mittit, ambulat, summa, capita, papāverum, baculō, re-nūntiat, cōnsil- ium, intellegit, exsilium, agit, reliquī, cēdunt, trādit.

Respondē:

1. Quōrum favōrem Sex- tus conciliat? 2. Quem posteā ad patrem mittit?

2. Quid facit rēx? 4. Quid dēnique nūntius fēcit?

3. Intellegis-ne rēgis cōn- silium? 6. Quid summa ca- pita papāverum indicant?

4. Quid fēcit Sextus? BRUTUS

5. Num oppidānī sine prīncipibus pugnāre possunt? 9. Quid accidit?

6. Brūtus et Fīliī Tarquinī

Maxima opera Tarquinī Superbī erant Templum Iovis et Cloāca Maxima. In labōre operum plēbem diū exer- cēbat.

Subitō portentum appāret. Anguis ex columnā ligneā ēmergit atque incolās rēgiae perterret. 5

Inde rēx suōs duōs fīliōs per terrās et per maria ad ōrācu-

1. Iuppiter, Iovis, m., Jupiter or Jove; the Temple of Jupiter was built on the summit of the Capitoline hill, northwest of the Forum.
2. cloāca, -ae, f., sewer; Cloāca Maxima, the great sewer emptying into the Tiber, still used 2500 years after it was constructed. 4. por- tentum, -ī, n., omen. anguis, -is, c., snake. 5. rēgia, -ae, f., 32 Easy Latin

lum Apollinis mittit. L. Iūnius Brūtus, cōnsōbrīnus, erat comes prīncipibus. Trēs iuvenēs tandem in Gtraeciam perveniunt. Hīc prīmō prō rēge ōrāculum cōnsulunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

labor, exercise, portent, column, emerge, cousin, juvenile, consult.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston APOLLO AND THE MUSES — Sargent

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Templum Jovis? 2. In quem fluvium intrat Cloāca Maxima? 3. Quō modo Tarquinius plēbem diū exer- cēbat? 4. Quod portentum subitō appāret? s. Erat-ne rēx portentō perterritus? 6. Quōs ad Apollinis ōrāculum mittere

(rēx], royal palace. 7. Apollō, -inis, m., Apollo, god of light, of divination and oracles, of poetry and music. The most famous oracle of Apollo was at Delphi in Greece. cōn-sōbrīnus, -ī, m., (soror, sisterl, first-cousin. 8S. com-es, -itis, c., [eō, g0l, companion. iuvenis, -is, c., youth. Brūtus et Fīliī Tarquinī 33

statuit? 7. Upbi erat ōrāculum Apollinis? 8. Quis erat comes prīncipibus? 9. Quid prīmō faciunt prīncipēs in Graeciā?

22. Brūtus et Fīliī Tarquinī. — Concluded

Deinde iuvenēs ab ōrāculō quaerunt: “Quis, post mortem Tarquinī, rēgnum obtinēbit?” Ppyȳthia sīc respondet: “Im- perium summum Rōmae habēbit, quī prīmus mātrī ōsculum dabit.”” Inde duo fīliī Tarquinī dē rēgnō sortīs dūcunt.

CLoRCA MAxIMA

Sed Brūtus cōnsultō cadit, atque terrae ōsculum dat.s “Nam” putat “terra est māter omnium mortālium.” Inde trēs iuvenēs Rōmam repetunt. Brevī posteā cīvēs

2. Pīȳthia, -ae, f., Pythia, the priestess who uttered the responses of the Delphic Apollo. imperium, -ī, n., command, rule. 3. ōscu- lum, -ī, n., (little mouth), kiss. 4. sors, sortis, f., lot. s. cōn- sultō, adv., [cēnsulō], on purpose. cadō, -ere, cecidī, cāsus, fall.
3. putō, -āre, thinke. omnis, -e, every, all. 1. re-petō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, seek again, return to. cīvis, -is, c., citizen. 34 Easy Latin

Rōmānī, labōribus īrātī, Tarquinium rēgnō expellunt, atque duōs cōnsulēs creant, quōrum ūnus erat Brūtus.

Form English derivatives from:

obtinēbit, imperium, mātrī, ōsculum, sortīs, dūcunt, omnium, mortālium, trēs, repetunt, cīvēs, expellunt.

Respondē:

1. Quid prīncipēs abōrā- culō quaerunt? 2. Quid respondet Pȳthia? 3. Quid faciunt fīliī Tarquinī?

2. Cūr Brūtus terrae ōs- culum dat? s5. Quid pos- teā rēgī accidit? 6. Quot cōnsulēs quotannīs (annu- ally)y Rōmānī creābant?

3. Quis erat ūnus cōnsulum prīmōrum?

4. Horātius Cocles

Tarquinius Superbus, iam exsul, ab Larte Por- senā, rēge Clūsī, auxil- ium petit. Mox maximō s in perīculō erat Rōma. Nam Porsena magnīs cum cōpiīs in urbem incēdēbat. Ubīque rēx cōpiās Rōmānōrum vincit. Iam montem Iāni-

DetpHiIC SiBYL

3. Clūsium, -ī, n., Clusium, capital of Etruria, a large and populous country northwest of Rome. The Etruscans were a highly civilized people. Admirable examples of their gold jewelry and painted vases are exhibited in all large museums. Remains of the magpnificent mausoleum of Lars Porsena are still to be seen in Chiusi, the ancient Clusium. s. perīculum, -ī, n., danger. 7. ubī-que, adv., everyvhere. vincō, -ere, vīcī, victus, conquer. mōns, montis, m., hill. Iāni- Horātius Cocles 35

culum occupat. Plūrimī mīlitēs Rōmānī arma ōrdinēsque relinquunt, atque fugā salūtem petunt.

Tum Pōns Sublicius sōlus flūmen Tiberim iungēbat. io Nisi Rōmānī pontem interscindent, brevī Porsena in urbem cōpiās suās trādūcet.

Cpu

5 4

x 5 armd

ēĒē“5nēī 3

vx .3

THE VATICAN

Sed Rōmānīs virtūs nōn omnīnō de-est. Prō ponte Horātius Cocles cum Sp. Lartiō et T. Herminiō hostīs sustinet. 15

culum, -ī, n., the Janiculum, a hill across the Tiber, west of Rome. The Vatican is built on a spur of this hill farther to the northwest. 8S. ōrdō, -inis, m., rank. 9. salūs, -ūtis, f., safety. 10. pōns, pontis, m., bridge. sublicius, -a, -um, [sublica, pilel, resting on piles; Pōns Sublicius, the pile bridge, leading to the Janiculum. 11. inter-scindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissus, cut doun. 13. virtūs, -ūtis, f., courage. 36 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by:

mount, sole, sustain, Horace, order, virtue, scissors, pontoon, traduce, copious, urbane, junction, Vincent.

Respondē:

1. Num Tarquinius exsilium patienter tolerāre potest?

2. X quō auxilium petit? 3. Cūr mox est Rōma magnō in perīculō? 4. Quem montem Porsena occupat? s. Quō ponte Porsena Tiberim trānsīre potest? 6. Num omnēs mīlitēs Rōmānī fugā salūtem petunt? 7. Quot Rōmānī pontem dēfendere temptant?

3. Horātius Cocles. — Concluded Intereā paucī mīlitēs cīvēsque Rōmānī pontem inter- scindēbant. Mox, ubi exigua pars pontis manet, Horātius duōs comitēs trānsmittit. Nunc sōlus sed intrepidus pontem tenet.

s Dēnique magnō fragōre pōns in flūmen dēcidit. Rō- mānī magnum clāmōrem tollunt. Inde Horātius, etiam armātus, in Tiberim dēsilit atque ad suōs comitēs trānat. Tantā virtūte cīvitātem servat:. Grātī cīvēs statuam Horātī in Comitiō pōnunt.

Form English derivatives from: paucī, pars, manet, trānsmittit, clāmōrem, ex-tollunt, dēsul- tus, servat, grātī, statuam, positus.

Respondē:

1. Dum Horātius cum duōbus comitibus hostīs sustinet, quid mīlitēs cīvēsque faciēbant? 2. Quandō duo comitēs pon-

2. inter-eā, adv., meanwhile. 2. exiguus, -a, -um, scanty.

3. fragor, -ōris, m., crash. 6. tollō, -ere, sus-tulī, sub-lātus, raise.

4. dē-siliō, -īre, -uī, -sultus, (saliō, leapl, leap dowun. 9. Comitium, -ī, n., the Comitium, a place in the Forum where certain elections were held. pōnō, -ere, posuī, positus, place, set up.

Atalanta 3

tem relinquunt? 3. Nōnne sunt etiam duo comitēs intrepidī? 4. Cūr Horātius comitēs suōs dī-mittit? 5. Cūr Rōmānī clāmant, ubi pōns in flūmen dēcidit? 6. Quid deinde facit Horātius? 7. Quod praemium cīvēs Horātiō dant?

HORATIUS AT THE BRIDGE

26. Atalanta

Atalanta fuit celerrima mortālium. Diū propter ōrācu- lum coniugium vītābat. Schoeneus, virginis pater, pro- cōs fīliae sīc monēbat: “Sī victor certāmine pedum eris,

1. ōrāculum, the oracle warned Atalanta that if she married, she should die. 2. con-iugium, -ī, n., liungōl, marriage. vītō, -āre, avoid. procus, -ī, m., suitor. 3. certāmen, -inis, n., [certō, strive], contest. 38 Easy Latin

tum fīliam meam in mātrimōnium dūcēs. Sed mors erit 5 pretium tarditātis.”

Nihilō minus Atalantāe multī procī fuērunt, quod fuit pulcherrima virgō. Itaque multī adulēscentēs ex foedere poenam pendēbant.

Dēnique Hippomenēs virginem in mātrimōnium petit.

r0At ante certāmen ā Venere auxilium ōrat. Inde dea iuvenī tria aurea pōma dat.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

pedal, ine-vitable, price, data, orator, celerity, po- made, admonition, duke, pe- nalize, conjugal, federal, deity, tardiness.

Respondē:

1. In quā fābulā anteā dē Atalantā lēgistī? 2. Ubi habitābat Atalanta? 3. Cūr virgō coniugium vītābat?
2. Quae erat poena, sī pro- cus Atalantae nōn erat victor certāmine pedum?
3. Cūr nihilō minus fuērunt Atalantae multī procī? 6. Ā quō Hippomenēs ante certāmen auxilium ōrat? 7. Quid iuvenī dat?

VEeNUS

pēs, pedis, m., foot; certāmen pedum, foot-race. s. pretium, -ī, n., price. 6. nihilō minus, adv., none the less, nevertheless. 7. foedus, -eris, n., agreement. 8. pendō, -ere, pependī, pēnsus, (weigh, weigh out), pay. ro. Venus, -eris, f., Venus, goddess of love. 11. pō- mum, -ī, n., fruit, apple. Atalanta 39 26. Atalanta. — Concluded

Intereā undique ad certāmen conveniunt. Mox tubae signum dant. Ōnā cursōrēs carcere ēmicant et clāmōribus multitūdinis pariter volant.

Tum Hippomenēs, dum mēta longē abest, ūnum dē tribus pōmīs mittit. Virgō cupīdine aurī dēclīnat, tol-s

5

54 1 5ēī 25 i i ē 2 p-

w

v

fgē m5. 5īl

ATALANTA’S RACE

litque nitidum pōmum. Intereā Hippomenēs prīmum locum tenet. Mox tamen Atalanta moram corrigit. Inde iuvenis secundum pōmum mittit, sed nēquīquam.

Iam ad mētam appropinquābant. “Nunc” inquit Hip- pomenēs ‘“ad-es, ō dea.” Inde tertium pōmum mittit. ro Atalanta dubitat, dēclīnat,— atque Hippomenēs victor ēmicat, habetque praemium.

2. ūnā, adv., together. cursor, -ōris, m., [currō, run], runner. carcer, -is, m., (prison); on a race course, starting place. ē-micō, -āre, dart forth. 3. pariter, adv., equally, side by side. 4. mēta, -ae, f., goal. s. cupīdō, -inis, f., (cupiōl, eagerness, desire. dē-clīnō, -āre, turn aside. 6. nitidus, -a, -um, shining. 8S. nē-quīquam, adv., in vain. 10. ad-es, (imper. pres. 2nd sing. of ad-sum), help. 40 Easy Latin

Form English derivatives from:

tubae, signum, cursōrēs, carcere, multitūdinis, pariter, ūnum, tribus, cupīdine, tenet, dēclīnat, corrigit, secundum, tertium, dubitat.

Respondē:

1. Erant-ne antīquitus certāmina pedum similia nostrīs?

2. Quō modo signum certāminis dabant? 3. Quot cursōrēs erant in eō certāmine?

3. Uter erat celerior, Ata- lanta an Hippomenēs?

4. Dum mēta longē abest, quid facit Hippomenēs?

5. Num Atalanta dēclīnāre audet? 7. Ubi Atalanta moram corrēxit, quid facit Hippomenēs? 38. Quandō tertium pōmum nmittit?

6. Quis fuit victor?

7. Deucaliōn et Pyrrha

Omnibus in locīs terrae ōlim fuērunt impietās et scelus. Numquam an- tehāc hominēs tam tur- Jormēx

s pēs crūdēlēsque fuerant.

Dēnique Iuppiter terribilem poenam parāvit. Ex omnī caelō dēnsōs nimbōs convocat et adsiduōs imbrīs dēmittit. Neptūnus quoque frātrem iuvat. Ubīque flūmina agrōs inundant. Iam altum mare etiam summōs montīs tegēbat.

3. scelus, -eris, n., crime. 4. turpis, -e, base. 7. caelum, -i, n., sky, heaven. nimbus, -ī, m., (black) rain-cloud. ad-siduus, -a, -um, [sedeō], constant. imber, -bris, m., rain-storm. 8. iuvō, -āre,

Deucaliōn et Pyrrha 41

Parnāsus sōlus ex undīs ēminēbat. Hic pius Deucaliōn 10 cum coniuge Pyrrhā parvā rate adhaerēbat. Nec iam īra deōrum manet.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

cruel, adhere, convocation, ad-jutant, omnibus, dense, emi- nent, assiduous, local, re-main, impiety, pre-pare, fratri-cide, nimbus, terrible.

Respondē:

1. Cūr ōlim Iuppiter terribilem poenam hominibus parāvit?

2. Quam partem mundī (world) Iuppiter regēbat? 3. Quid nunc facit Iuppiter? 4. Quam partem mundī Neptūnus regē- bat? 5. Quō modo Neptūnus Iovem iuvat? 6. Quī mōns sōlus ex undīs ēminēbat? 7. Ubi erat ille mōns? 38. Quī montī adhaerēbant? 9. Natābant-ne?

3. Deucaliōn et Pyrrha.— Concluded

Statim Neptūnus nūbīs fugāvit et flūmina mariaque revocāvit. Sed ex omnibus mortālibus modo duo super- erant.

Maestī Deucaliōn et Pyrrha in templō ā deā auxilium ōrābant. Inde Themis sīc respōnsum dedit: “Velātes capita, et post tergum ossa magnae parentis iactāte.” Diū stupēbant.

Deucaliōn tandem sīc dīcit: “īverra est magna parēns omnium. Forsitan lapidēs sunt ossa magnae parentis.” Inde ā templō discēdunt, capita vēlant, et saxa post ter- so

iūvī, iūtus, help. 10. Parnāsus, -ī, m., Parnassus, a high mountain in central Greece, north of the Gulf of Corinth; sacred to Apollo and the Muses. ē-mineō, -ēre, -uī, —, stand out. 11. ratis, -is, f., raft.

I. nūbēs, -is, f., cloud. 2. modo, adv., only. 5. Themis, -idis, f., Themis, goddess of justice and of prophecy. vēlō, -āre, veil. 6. os, ossis, n., bone. g. lapis, -idis, m., stone.

42 Easy Latin

gum mittunt. Mox respiciunt. Iam saxa sunt virī et fēminae. Sīc deī terrae hominēs restituērunt.

Form English derivatives from:

revocāvit, respōnsum, vēlāte, ossa, parentis, dī- cit, lapidēs, mittunt, re- spiciunt, restituērunt.

Respondē:

1. Ubi deī nōn iam īrātī erant, quid fēcit Neptūnus? 2. Quot mor- tālēs super-erant? 3. Quid deinde faciunt Deuca- liōn et Pyrrha? 4. Quod respōnsum dedit dea?

2. Quid dē deae respōnsō dīcit Deucaliōn? 6. Quid faciunt? 7. Quid ēvēnit?

3. C. Māūcius Scae- vola

Diū Porsena Rōmam obsēderat. Maxima in- opia cibī in urbe erat. Dēnique C. Mūcius, s adulēscēns nōbilis, in castra hostium penetrāvit. Ibi prope

rēgium tribūnal ingentem turbam vīdit. Scrība cum rēge

sedēbat, atque stīpendium mīlitibus dabat. Diū Mūcius dubitābat; nam erat īnscius figūrae rēgis.

NEPTUNE

2. in-opia, -ae, f., lops, abundancel, want. 3. cibus, -ī, m., food.
3. ingēns, -gentis, huge. 7. stīpendium, ī, n., Istips, gift 4 pendōl, pay. 8. īn-scius, -a, -um, [sciōl, ignoran. C. Mūcius Scaevola 43

Dēnique scrībam prō rēge obtruncat. Satellitēs rēgis audācem iuvenem comprehendunt retrahuntque ante tri- ro būnal. Iussīs rēgis, ligna Mūciō circum-dant, atque īgnīs parant.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

penetrate, retract, adolescence, figure, noble, comprehend, regal, scribe, obsession, jussive, truncated, hostile, audacious, turbulent, stipend, tribunal, satellite, vision, igneous.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Porsena? 2. Cūr Rōmam obsidēbat? 3. Num erat cōpia cibī in urbe? 4. Quālis iuvenis erat Mūcius?

2. Quid facere audet? 6. Quid prope rēgium tribūnal vīdit?

3. Cūr prō rēge scrībam obtruncāvit? 8. Quid iuvenī accidit?

4. C. Mūcius Scaevola.— Concluded

Mūcius autem interritus, “Rōmānus cīvis” inquit “sum, neque mortem timeō.” Inde in īgnem dextram im-pōnit. Porsena, attonitus mīrāculō, tantam virtūtem laudat, atque Mūcium lberum dīmittit.

Inde Mūcius rēgem sīc monuit: “Trecentī Rōmānīs iuvenēs, magne rēx, in tē coniūrāvērunt. Mea sors fuit prīma. Cēterī singulī ad-erunt, utcumque occāsiō erit.”

Rēx, dē suā salūte commōtus, cōpiās dēdūcit, et agrō Rōmānō excēdit. Posteā Mūcius, ā clāde dextrae, cog- nōmen Scaevola habuit. 10

9. ob-truncō, -āre, [truncō, maim], kill. satelles, -itis, c., attendant.

10. comprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsus, seize. re-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus, drag back. 11. iussum, -ī, n., order.

11. dextra, -ae, f., right hand. 3. at-tonitus, -a, -um, [ad H tonō, thunder], (thunderstruck), astonished. 6. con-iūrō, -āre, [iūrō, swearl, conspire. 7. cēterī, -ae, -a, the others. singulī, -ae, -a, one by one. ut-cum-que, adv., whenever. 8. com-mōtus, -a, -um, moveō], alarmed. 9. clādēs, -is, f., loss. 10. scaevola, -ae, f., lefi.

44 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by:

astonished, singular, exceed, dexterous, deduce, unterrified, primer, miracle, dismiss, etc., commotion, cognomen, impose, occasion, liberal, salutary.

Respondē:

1. Nōnne Mūcius īgnīs timuit? 2. Quō modo Mūcius vir- tūtem ostendit? 3. Quid fēcit Porsena? 4. Cūr Porsena Mūcium nōn obtruncāvit?
2. Quid Mūcius rēgī dīxit?
3. Cūr rēgem monuit?
4. Quid deinde fēcit Por- sena? 8. Cūr posteā Mū-

cius cognōmen Scaevola habēbat?

31. Duo Equitēs

Postquam Porsena cum suīs cōpiīs ex fīnibus Rōmānīs excesserat, Tar- quinius ab Octāviō Ma-

s miliō, rēge Latīnōrum, auxilium petīvit.

Brevī posteā Rōmānī et Latīnī ad Lacum Rēgillum dīmicāvērunt. Grave et atrōx erat proelium. Dēnique Latīnī Rōmānōs vehementer

10 premere coepērunt. Inde Aulus Postumius dictātor,

THE TEMPLE OF CASTOR AND POLLUX

2. fīnis, -is, m., end, boundary; pl., territory. 4. Octāvius Mamil- ius was Tarquin’s son-in-law. 3S. lacus, -ūs, m., 4th decl., lake. Rēgillus, -ī, m., Regillus, a small lake east of Rome. r10. premō, -ere, pressī, pressus, press hard. coepī, -isse, coeptus, defective verb, begin. dictātor, -ōris, m., dictator, a chief magistrate with unlimited power, appointed in a great emergency to rule for not more than six

Duo Equitēs 45

“Templum” inclāmat ‘“geminīs frātribus voveō, sī hodiē hostīs vincēmus.”

Ecce autem, statim duo ignōtī iuvenēs in albīs equīs vectī cōpiās Rōmānās in hostīs dūcēbant.

Form Engilish derivatives from:

fīnibus, excessit, lacum, grave, atrōx, vehementer, premere, dictātor, voveō, albus.

wrmēē5ēqēēētī mmmm Jlsss āfus vaacsussīs ēnrSp45ēēēēw

THE TEMPLE OF VESTA, SO CALLED, AT ROME Respondē:

1. Num Porsena Rōmam expugnāvit? 2. Quis urbem ser- vāvit? 3. Cūr Tarquinius ab Octāviō Mamiliō auxilium petīvit? 4. Ubi Rōmānī et Latīnī dīmicāvērunt? 5. Premē- bant-ne Rōmānī cōpiās Latīnōrum? 6. Quid inclāmāvit dic- tātor? 7. Quid statim accidit? S8. Qui erant geminī frātrēs? (Vidē sequentem fābulam.)

months. 11. ho -diē, adv., [ho=hōc-diē], today. 14. vectus, -a, -um, [perf. pass. participle of vehō, -ere, vexī, vectus], carried, i.e., riding. 46 Easy Latin

32. Duo Equitēs.— Concluded

Omnibus in locīs magna caedēs erat. Iam Mamilius atque fīlius Tarquinī occidunt. Dēnique Latīnī terga vertunt et fugā salūtem petunt.

Intereā in urbe cīvēs timōre perterritī erant. Subitō,

s sub vesperum duo equitēs in Forō appārent. Prope temp- lum Vestae ex equīs dēscendunt. Dum hīc fessīs equīs aquam dant, cīvibus victōriam praeclāram nūntiant. Inde ex Forō equitant, neque iterum Rōmānīs appārent.

Sed Aulus “Duo equitēs” inquit “geminī frātrēs, Castor

roet Pollux, fuērunt.” In Forō igitur templum magnificum aedificāvit dicāvitque geminīs deīs.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

occident, verse, civility, timorous, vespers, descend, victory, e-nunciate, iterate, dis-appear, fraternity, predicate.

Respondē:

1. Quī duo ducēs in proeliō ad Lacum Rēgillum occidērunt?

2. Quī dēnique erant victōrēs? 3. Dum mīlitēs Rōmānī cum

3. oc-cidō, -ere, -cidī, -cāsus, [ob H cadō, falll, fall, perish.

4. vertō, -ere, vertī, versus, turn. 5. sub, prep. with acc., touard; (also with abl., under). 6. Vesta, -ae, f., Vesta, goddess of the hearth. In the Temple of Vesta the Vestal Virgins kept alight the sacred fire, on which the safety of the city depended, so the Romans believed. The floor of this temple and the adjacent ruins of the Ātrium Vestae, Hall of the Vestals, may be seen in the Forum. equīs aquam dant; near the Temple of Vesta a well has been discovered, with steps leading down to it. This is the Lacus Iūturnae, where the “Two Horsemen” are supposed to have drawn water for their horses.

5. Castor and Pollux, the twin gods, patrons of soldiers and sailors, are usually represented as taming or riding their splendid horses. Of the magnificent temple, erected to their honor by Aulus, 484 B.C, only three beautiful Corinthian columns are now standing.

Prōserpina 47

hostibus pugnant, in quō animō erant cīvēs in urbe? 4. Quī subitō cīvibus in Forō appārent? 5. Ubi ex equīs dēscendunt? 6. Quid ibi faciunt? 7. Num Rōmānī iterum duōs equitēs vīdērunt? 8. Quī erant geminī frātrēs? 9. Quae vestīgia antīquī templī adhūc manent?

33. Prōserpina

In Siciliā quondam Prōserpina, fīlia Cereris, in lūcō flōrēs carpēbat. Subitō Plūtōnis currus ad lūcum celeriter appropinquat. Deus pulchram deam videt atque statim

A ROMAN FLOWER FESTIVAL

dīligit. Nec ūlla mora est. Iam Prōserpina captiva in currū terribilis deī per agrōs lacūsque volat. Nēquīquams dea perterrita mātrem et comitēs clāmat. Mox Plūtōn scēptrum in altum fontem condit et viam in Tartara aperit.

I. Cerēs, -eris, f., Ceres, goddess of agriculture. lūcus, -ī, m., grove. 2. carpō, -ere, -psī, -ptus, pick. Plūtōn, -ōnis, m., Pluto, brother of Jupiter and Neptune, and king of the Lower World. currus, -ūs, m., chariot, car. 4. dī-ligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctus, ſlegō], love. 1. con-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, bury, plunge. Tartara, -ōrum, n., Tartarus, the Lower World. aperiō, -īre, -eruī, -ertus, open. 43 Easy Latin

Intereā Cerēs fīliam per multōs diēs noctīsque quaesīverat

sed nōn reppererat. Dēnique fessa dea omnem spem

10 dē-posuit. Valdē īrāta frūgēs omnibus terrīs negābat. Ubīque dīra inopia erat.

Form English derivatives from:

Siciliā, Cereris, flōrēs, carpēbat, currus, celeriter, pulchram, dīligit, mora, captīva, scēptrum, aperit, reppererat, dēposuit, dīra, noctīs.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Prōserpina? 2. Quis erat Cerēs? 3. Ubi quondam Prō- serpina flōrēs carpēbat? 4. Quis subitō appāruit? 5. Quālis deus erat Plūtōn? 6. In quā parte mundī rēgnābat Plūtōn? Iuppi- ter? Neptūnus? 7. Ubi Plūtōn Prōserpinam vīdit, quid statim ac- cidit? S. Nōnne magnus deus erat grātus Prōserpinae? 9. Quid fēcit Plūtōn? 10. Quid posteā Cerēs fēcit? 11. Quō modo Cerēs omnīs terrās pūnīvit?

2. Prōserpina. — Concluded

Sed flūmen Alphēus, dum subter Siciliam fluit, Prōser- pinam vīderat, et nunc tandem Cererī tōtam rem nārrāvit.

CEeRES

9. reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertus, find. spēs, speī, f., sth decl., hope. r10. (frūx), frūgis, f., fruit (of the field); pl., fruits, grains, etc.

10. Alphēus, -ī, m., Alpheus, god of the river Alpheus in Arcadia in southern Greece. The Greeks and Romans believed that every river had its god, dwelling in the river bed. In its course the river Alpheus in some places flows underground. Now in Sicilv there was a famous Prōserpina 49

Inde dea ad Iovem vēnit, et ab eō auxilium ōrāvit. Pater et hominum et deōrum precēs Cereris benignē audīvit.

Tum sīc respondit: “Prōserpina repetet terram, seds

certā lēge, sī nūllum cibum contigit.”

At īnfēlīx Prōserpina, dum per hortum errat, Pūniceum pōmum gustāverat. Iterum Cerēs omnem spem dēposuit. Tum Iuppiter, plēnus misericordiae, annum inter Plūtōnem et Cererem dīvidit. Quā rē posteā Prōserpina cum mātre sex mēnsīs, cum coniuge totidem mēnsīs semper manēbeat.

Find the word suggested by:

certain, total, divide, re, conjugation, narrator, infelicitous, flow, legal, repetition, contact, dis-gust.

Respondē:

1. Ubi flūxit flūmen Alphēus? 2. Quis erat Alphēus?
2. Ubi Alphēus Prōserpinam vīderat? 4. Num flūmen subter Siciliam flūxit? 5. Ubi Cerēs tōtam rem audīvit, ā quō auxi- lium ōrāvit? 6. Quid respondit Iuppiter? 7. Cūr erat Prō- serpina īnfēlīx? 8. Quid dēnique fēcit Iuppiter? g. Ubi posteā Prōserpina habitābat?

spring bubbling up from under the ground, in whose depths dwelt the nymph Arethusa. The Greeks imagined that the river Alpheus flowed underground all the way to Sicily and emerged in the Arethusan spring. Hence arose the beautiful story of Alpheus and Arethusa. 2. rēs, reī, f., sth decl., thing; here, story. 4. prex, precis, f., prayer. 6. con-tingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctus, [tangol, touch. 3. īn-fēlīx, Hcis, unhappy, unfortunate. 7. Pūniceus, -a, -um, Punic, reddish, (the Phoenicians manufactured a reddish purple dye); Pūniceum pōmum = pomegranate, an Asiatic fruit something like an orange in size and color. Wwhen opened, one sees a most inviting array of pearly seeds, but is usually disappointed in eating them, for they are nothing but water with a slightly acid flavor. 8. gustō, -āre, taste. 9. miseri- cordia, -ae, f., lcor, heart], pity. r0. quā rē, (from which thing), therefore. 11. mēnsis, -is, m., month. tot-idem, indecl. num. adij., the same number of.

50 Easy Latin

36. Perseus et Medūsa

Polydectēs, rēx Serīphī, Danaēn, mātrem Perseī, in mātrimōnium sibi petēbat. At Perseus obstābat.

Rēx tandem iuvenem ad sē vocāvit. “Quot s annōs” inquit ‘“nhīc ig- nāvus manēbis? Tū es nōn iam īnfāns. Ālatere mātris discēde, et apud externās gentīs glōriam 10pete. Ubi Gorgonis Me- dūsae caput abs-cīdēs, tum fortem virum tē praebēbis.”

Sine morā Perseus ad 1s iter parāvit. Medūsa au- tem cum duābus sorōri- bus in Libyā habitābat. Dīra mōnstra erant Gor- s -īssilts: gonēs; nam aureās ālās Tne HEeAD OF MEDUSA

1. Serīphos, -ī, f., Seriphus, a small island in the Aegean sea. Danaē, -ēs, f., Danaē. She was a daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos in Greece. An oracle had warned him that he would meet death at the hands of a grandson. Whnen therefore he learned that in spite of his precautions Danaē had given birth to Perseus, he was enraged beyond measure. Confining mother and son in a wooden chest, he set them adrift in the sea. The chest floated ashore on Seriphus, where a fisherman found it, freed Danaē and Perseus, and ever after treated them most kindly. s. i-gnāvus, -a, -um, lin H (g)nāvus, busyl, idle. 1. latus, -eris, n., side. (Cf. lātus.) S. apud, prep. with acc., anong. 9. gēns, gentis, f., race, nation. 11. abs-cīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus, [caedōl, cut off. 13. prae-beō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, habeō], (hold forth), show. 15. iter, itineris, n., journey. 16. soror, -ēōris, f., sister. Perseus et Medūsa 51

et aēneōs unguīs habēbant. Medūsa ōlim pulcherrima virgō - fuerat. Sed Minervam laeserat. Quā rē īrāta, dea crīnīs Medūsae in turpīs serpentīs mūtāverat. Exinde, sī quis ōra Medūsae aspexit, prōtinus in saxum sē vertit.

Form English deriva- tives from:

obstābat, vocāvit, īn- fāns, latere, externās, gen- tīs, fortem, iter, sorōribus, serpentīs, aspexit.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Danaē?
2. Obi habitāverat?
3. Quis Danaēn et Persea in mare abiēcit? 4. Quis posteā Danaēn in mātri- mōnium dūcere voluit?
4. Quis diū obstābat?
5. Quid dēnique fēcit rēx?

7- Quid Perseō dīxit? Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 8 Quālia mōnstra erant MINERVA PROTECTING THE ARTS FROM TIME

Gorgonēs? 9. Num Medūsa semper fuerat Gorgō? r10. Quid accidit, sī quis ōra Medūsae aspexit?

17. Libya, -ae, f., Libya, North Africa, west of Egypt. 19. āla, -ae, f., wing. 20. aēneus, -a, -um, laes, bronxel, bronze. unguis, -is, m., claw.

18. Minerva, -ae, f., Minerva, goddess of war, and therefore us- ually represented with helmet, shield, and coat of mail; goddess of wisdom; patron of the arts, of music, painting, and poetry; also of trades, of spinning and weaving. laedō, -ere, laesī, laesus, offend. crīnis, -is, m., hair, locke. 22. sī quis: after sī, nisi, nē, and num, quis means any. 23. ōs, ōris, n., (mouth), feature, face. a-spiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectus, lad H -speciō, lookl], look at. prō-tinus, adv., (tenus, as far asl, forthuith. 52 Easy Latin

19. Perseus et Medūsa. — Continued

Perseus autem Gorgonēs nōn temerē petīvit, sed prīmum ab immortālibus deīs auxilium ōrāvit. Inde Minerva iuvenī nitidum clipeum dedit. Harpēn, tēlum curvō hāmō, atque tālāria ab Mer-

s curiō Perseus accēpit. Sīc armātus ad ōrās Libycās tendit. Mox ad locum vēnit, ubi Graeae sedēbant. 10 Tribus sorōribus erant omnīnō ūnus oculus ūnus- que dēns. Ab Gtraeīs viam ad Hesperidas quae- sīvit Perseus, sed as- 15 perum respōnsum recē- pit. Dum autem ūnum oculum inter sē trādunt, Perseus suam dextram sup-posuit et oculum 20 sub-ripuit. Tum dēnique necessitāte sorōrēs iuvenī viam mōnstrāvērunt. MercUxrY

1. temerē, adv., rashly. 3. nitidus, -a, -um, shining. clipeus, -ī, m., (round metal), shield. Harpē, -ēs, f., the Harpe, a sickle-shaped sword. hāmus, -ī, m., hook. 4. tālāria, -ium, n., winged sandals.
2. tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentus or tēnsus, hold one’s course. 9. Graeae, -ārum, f., the Graeae, guardian sisters of the Gorgons, gray-haired from their birth. 13. Hesperides, -um, f., the Hesperides, guardians of the golden apples, dwelling near Mt. Atlas in Libya, not far from the haunts of the Gorgons. 20. sub-ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus, [rapiōl, snatch away. Perseus et Medūsa 53

Find the word suggested by:

sedentary, immortal, necessity, accept, trade, oculist, supposi- tion, tend, sorority, receive, dentist, response, surreptitious, curved, asperity.

Respondē:

1. Quid Perseus ab Min- ervā accēpit? 2. Quid ab Mercuriō? 3. Quae erant Graeae? 4. Cūr Perseus ab Graeīs viam ad Hesperidas quaesīvit? 5. Cūr Gtraeae viam mōnstrāre nōluērunt?

2. Quō modo Perseus Grae- ārum ūnum oculum subri- puit?

3. Perseus et Medūsa. — Continued

Haud ita multō post Perseus ad pōmāria Hes- peridum pervēnit. Pul- chrae virginēs cum īnsomnī dracōne arborēs aureīs pō-

1. haud, adv., not. 2. pōm-ārium, -ī, n., I[pōmuml, fruit garden, or- chard. 5. arbor, -oris, f., tree; arborēs aureīs pōmīs: Among the wed- ding gifts that were brought to Zeus (Jupiter) and Hera (Juno) were some branches bearing golden apples, presented by Mother Earth. Greatly admiring these, Hera persuaded Earth to plant the branches in her Libyan gardens and gave the Hesperides the task of guarding them. This they did so carelessly — they even dared to pluck an occasional apple from the trees! — that she sent a hundred-headed dragon to keep close watch on the apples, and incidentally on the maidens too. 54 Easy Latin

mīs custōdiēbant. Hīc quoque Perseus fēlīx fuit. Nam ab virginibus mīrā galeā dōnātus est. Quīcumque galeam induit, statim ex oculīs ē-vānuit.

Nunc dēnique Perseus ad certāmen cum Gorgonibus 10 parātus est. Mox ad domōs Gorgonum appropinquābat. Passim per agrōs et per viās saxea simulācra hominum ferārumque vidēbat. Nam omnēs rēs ā Medūsā in saxa mūtātae erant. Perseus autem in nitidum clipeum īn- spiciēbat. Subitō horribilem fōrmam mōnstrī cermit.

Find the word suggested by:

felicitous, dragon, mutable, custodian, donate, domicile, insomnia, inspect, indue, arbor, form, vanish.

Respondē:

1. Postquam Perseus Graeās relīquit, quō volāvit? 2. Frant- ne Hesperides dīra mōnstra? 3. Quid cum virginibus aurea pōma custōdiēbat? 4. Cūr īnsomnis erat dracō? 5. Quid virginēs Perseō dedērunt? 6. Quam ob rem mīra erat galea?

2. Ubi habitābant Gorgonēs? 8. Quid Perseus vidēbat, ubi ad Gorgonum domōs appropinquābat? 9. Cūr Perseus ipse in saxum nōn mūtātus est?

3. Perseus et Medūsa. — Concluded

Dum gravis somnus trīs sorōrēs tenet, Perseus Medūsae caput fīdō tēlō abscīdit. Inde celeribus tālāribus āvolat.

Intereā duae reliquae Gorgonēs ē somnō excitantur, atque caedem suae sorōris sentiunt. Ōmnīs in partīs cir-

6. fēlīx, -īcis, lucky. 7. mīrus, -a, -um, uwonderful. galea, -ae, f., helmet. S. induō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, lin(d) A4 uōl, put on. ē-vānē- scō, -ere, -vānuī, —, vanish away. 10. domus, -ūs, f., 4th and 2nd decl., house, home. 11. passim, adv., everywhere.

7. fīdus, -a, -um, fuithful, trusty. 4. sentiō, -īre, sēnsī, sēnsus,

Perseus et Medūsa 55

cumspectant et mox hostem cernunt. Sine morā īnstant. s At Perseus mīram galeam induit, atque ita magnō perīculō statim līberātur.

Dēnique cum Gorgonis capite ad īnsulam Serīphon per- venit. Hīc mātrem in templō invenit, quō indignitātibus

PERSEUS WITH THE HEAD OF MEDUSA

Polydectae fūgerat. Inde ad rēgiam Perseus pergit, atque ro sine morā malum rēgem in saxum mūtat. Brevī posteā Harpēn et tālāria Mercuriō, galeam Hes-

feel, perceive. s. īn-stō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrus, press upon, pursue. 10. per-gō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus, [regōl, proceed.

Easy Latin

3

ā 5 ē2

x :

sw s;

MERCURY WEARING H1S WINCED SANDALS Arīōn et Delphīnus 57

peridibus reddidit. Medūsae caput Minervae dedit. Sem- per posteā dea Gorgonis caput in mediō clipeō gerēbat.

Form English derivatives from:

somnus, fīdus, reliquae, excitantur, sentiunt, circumspectant, īnstant, līberātur, invenit, indignitātibus, fūgerat, malum, reddit, mediō, gerēbat.

Respondē:

1. Quō modo Perseus Medūsam cecīdit? 2. Quid fēcērunt duae reliquae Gorgonēs? 3. Quō modo Perseus id perīculum effūgit? 4. Ubi mātrem suam invēnit? 5. Quō modo Poly- dectēn pūnīvit? 6. Quibus Perseus arma sua dedit? 7. Ubi semper posteā erat caput Gorgonis? S8. In quā fābulā dē Perseō anteā lēgistī?

2. Arīōn et Delphīnus

Clārissimī vātēs antīquitātis fuērunt Ōrpheus et Arīōn. Ex hīs, ille Thrācius, hīc Lesbius fuit. Dē Arīone haec rēs adhūc memoriā tenētur:

Apud Periandrum, rēgem Corinthī, Arīōn multōs annōs habitābat. Aliquandō in Siciliam trāns-mīsit. Ubīques rēgēs prīncipēsque dulcēdine carminum Arīonis dēlectā-

14. gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus, bear, vear.

15. vātēs, -is, c., prophet, bard, poet. 2. Thrācius, -a, -um, Thra- cian, of Thrace, a vast territory north of Greece, extending to the East as far as the Bosphorus. Lesbius, -a, -um, Lesbian, of Lesbos, the largest island in the Aegean sea, off the coast of Asia Minor.

16. apud, prep. with acc., among, with; here, at the court of. Peri- ander, -drī, m., Periander, tyrant of Corinth, 625-585 B.C. Corin- thus, -ī, f., Corinth, a city in Greece, famous for its commerce, its magnificent buildings, and its interest in art. 5. ali-quandō, adv., lalius], once. 6. dulcēdō, -inis, f., [dulcis, sweet], sweetness. carmen,

58 Easy Latin

bantur. Dēnique multīs pretiōsīs dōnīs onustus nāvem cōnscendit, et Graeciam repetēbat.

Nautae autem avārī erant, atque Arīonī mortem struē-

10bant. Vātēs illōrum mala cōnsilia sentit et misericordiam

implōrat, sed frūstrā. Dēnique extrēmam veniam ōrat atque impetrat. Prōtinus splendidam vestem induit, et lyram sūmit.

Find the word suggested by:

dulcet, in-struct, counsel, as-sume, sense, transmit, avaricious, implore, lyre, antiquity, malicious, extreme, per-petrate, delight, venial, vesture, precious.

Respondē:

1. Quī fuērunt clārissimī vātēs antīquitātis? 2. Ubi habi- tābat Orpheus? 3. Ubi erat Lesbos? 4. In quā urbe Arīōn diū habitābat? s. Frat-ne Sicilia prope Corinthum? 6. Ā

quibus in Siciliā Arīōn multa dōna accēpit? 7. Cūr nautae Arīonī mortem struēbant? 3. Quid fēcit vātēs?

40. Arīōn et Delphīnus. — Concluded Inde Arīōn in puppī nāvis lyrā canit. Tōtum mare cantū vātis sonat. Mox multī delphīnī circum nāvem congregantur. Prōtinus Arīōn ōrnātus in mediās undās dēsilit. Tum ūnus ex delphīnīs Arīonī curvum tergum s suppōnit atque novum onus vehit. Vātēs autem inco- lumis in illīus tergō sedet, tenetque lyram, et cantū undās

-inis, n., song. 8. cōn-scendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsus, embark on. 9. struō, -ere, strūxī, strūctus, build, contrive, plot. 11. venia, -ae, f., favor. 12. im-petrō, -āre, obtain one’s request.

1. puppis, -is, f., stern. canō, -ere, cecinī, —, sing, play. 2. can- tus, -ūs, m., (canōl, singing. sonō, -āre, -uī, -itus, sound, resound. delphīnus, -ī, m., dolphin. 3. ōrnātus, -a, -um, adorned. unda, -ae, f., wave. 5. onus, -eris, n., burden. incolumis, -e, safe.

Arīōn et Delphīnus 59

mulcet. Sīc magnā cum celeritāte delphīnus Arīonem ad Taenarum vehit.

Inde Arīōn ad Periandrum contendit et omnīs rēs nārrā- vit. Brevī posteā malī nautae ad urbem Corinthum per- 1o vēnērunt. Sine morā ad rēgem vocātī sunt. Prīmum

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

ARION AND THE DOLPHIN

dē Arīone mendācia dīxērunt. Sed ubi rēx vātem advo- cāvit perturbātī sunt, atque mox poenam iūstam solvērunt.

7. mulceō, -ēre, -sī, -sus, soothe. 8. Taenarus, -ī, m., Taenarus, southernmost promontory of Greece. 12. mendācium, -ī, n., falsehood. 13. solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtus, pay.

Digitized by Google 60 Easy Latin

Form English derivatives from:

puppī, cantū, sonat, delphīnī, congregantur, ōrnātus, mediās, undās, vehit, mulcet, contendit, mendācia, advocāvit, per- turbātī, iūstam, solvērunt.

Respondē:

1. Dum Arīōn lyrā canit, nōnne mortem exspectābat?

2. Quid accidit? 3. Quālis piscis est delphīnus? 4. Quō modo delphīnus Arīcnī auxilium dedit? 5. Quō delphīnus Arīonem vexit? 6. Ubi nautae ad rēgem vocātī sunt, quid dē Arīone dīxērunt? 7. Quid accidit, ubi Arīonem vīdērunt?

3. Domus Rōmāna

Vestibulum domūs Rōmānae erat vacuus locus ante iānuam. Per id vestibulum erat aditus ā viā ad domum. Iānua ipsa erat lignea; at postēs saepe erant ē marmore. In līmine plērumque erat verbum “Salvē” in pavīmentō

s tessellātō.

Interior domus in trīs partīs dīvidēbātur. Eārum prīma pars appellāta est ātrium. In mediō tēctō eius partis, lūcis et āeris causā, apertum spatium relīctum est. Pluvia per eum locum in impluvium dēscendit. Supellex erat

Title: Domus Rōmāna: Roman houses, of course, were of all descriptions, ranging from wretched hovels to palatial residences. The house here described is that of a well-to-do citizen. 2. iānua, -ae, f., door. ad-itus, -ūs, m., [eō, gol, approach, access; audience. 3. marmor, -is, n., marble. 4. Hmen, -inis, n., threshold. salvē, (imperative of salveō, be well), welcome. 5s. tessellātus, -a, -um, mosaic. 1. tēctum, -ī, n., [tegōl, roof. 8. lūx, lūcis, f., light. āēr, āeris, m., air. causā, (preceded by the gen.), for the sake. pluvia, -ae, f., rain. 9. im-pluvium, -ī, n., cistern in the floor of the atrium, into which the rain fell through the opening in the roof. supellex, -lectilis, f., furniture.

Domus Rōmāna 6r

5 v lt 24 Āi

I ē1 h-

vt 5 l v v

AN IMPLUVIUM exigua; at parietēs pulchrīs statuīs pīctūrīsque ōrnāban- ro tur. In ātriō dominus amīcīs et clientibus aditum dabat. Find the Latin word suggested by:

pavement, relict, January, post, appellation, vacant, interior, client, divide, vestibule, tessellated, picture, lucid, marble, aereal.

10. pariēs, -etis, m., wall (in a house).

62 Easy Latin

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat vestibulum domūs Rōmānae? 2. Quālis erat iānua? 3. Quid plērumque erat in līmine? 4. In quot partīs interior domus dīvidēbātur? 5. Quid prīma pars appel- lāta est? 6. Quid in mediō tēctō ātrī relīctum est? 4. Ubi

INTERIOR OF A ROMAN MANSION, LOOKING FROM THE ATRIUM INTO THE PERISTYLUM

erat impluvium? 38. Quō modo ātrium ōrnābātur? 9. Num erant fenestrae in ātriō? r0. Quō modo lūx āērque in ātrium penetrāre poterant?

42. Domus Rōmāna. — Concluded

Ab utrōque latere ātrī erant nocturna et diurna cubicula familiae hospitibusque. Locus proximus ātriō appellātus est tablīinum. Hīc tabulae familiārēs condēbantur; hīc

1. uter-que, utra-que, utrum-que, each (of two). cubiculum, -ī, n., bed-room. 2. hospes, -itis, c., guest. 3. tabula, -ae, f., record; Domus Rōmāna 63

quoque dominus pecūniam servābat atque suum opus faciēbat.

Faucēs ab ātriō ad peristōlum, tertiam partem domūs, dūcēbant. In mediō peristȳlō pulcher hortus atque fōns columnīs marmoreīs inclūdēbantur. Ubi vēla prō tablīnō reducta sunt, tōta domus, — ātrium, deinde tablīnum, mox pulchrum peristȳlum, — ūnum in cōnspectum vēnit. ro

A PARTIALLY RESTORED PERISTYLUM

Peristȳlō adiacēbant trīclinia, cubicula, et cellae omnis generis. Superior domus servīs et lībertīs attribūta est.

pl., papers. con-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, store. 4. pecūnia, -ae, f., [pecus, catile]l, money. 6. faucēs, -ium, f., narrow passage. 8. vēl- um, -ī, n., curtain. tr1. trīclīnium, -ī, n., dining room; there were several dining rooms on opposite sides of the house, so as to get the benefit of the sun’s warmth in winter and escape it in summer. cella, -ae, f., store-room. 12. genus, -eris, n., kind. lībertus, -ī, m., freed-man. 64 Easy Latin

Form English derivatives from:

nocturna, diurna, familia, hospitibus, proximus, familiārēs, pecūniam, fōns, marmoreīs, inclūdēbantur, vēla, reducta, cōn- spectum, adiacēbant, cellae, generis, superior, attribūta.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erant cubicula familiae hospitibusque? 2. Ubi erat tablīnum? 3. Cui erat tablīnum ūsuī? 4. Quae erat tertia pars domūs? 5. Quid erat in peristȳlō? 6. Ubi vēla prō tablīnō reducta sunt, quae partēs domūs vidērī poterant?

2. Quibus superior domus attribūta est?

3. Obsidiō Vēiōrum Post proelium ad Lacum Rēgillum, Rōmānī cum fīnitimīs oppidīs multa bella gerēbant; quōrum clārissimum est obsidiō Vēiōrum. Id oppidum et nātūrā locī et manū ēgregiē mūnītum est. 5 Decem annōs Rōmānī eius moenia obsidēbant, sed frūstrā. Dēnique mīrum prōdigium ēvēnit, quod animōs omnium magnopere perturbāvit. Nam aqua in Lacū Albānō in altitūdinem īnsolitam crēvit, atque fīnitimōs agrōs inun- dāvit. r0 Deinde vātēs Vēiēns sīc cecinit: “Numquam Rōmānī Vēiōs expugnābunt, priusquam aqua ex Lacū Albānō

Title: Vēiī, -ōrum, m., Veii, a city of Etruria, twelve miles north- west of Rome. 4. manus, -ūs, f., hand; manū, by hand, artificially. ē-gregiē, adv., admirably. 5. moenia, -ium, n., walls. 7. magno- pere, adv., greatly. Lacus Albānus, the Alban Lake, a small but deep lake near Alba Longa in the crater of an extinct volcano. 38. īn- solitus, -a, -um, unaccustomed. crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētus, intrans., increase, rise. 10. Vēiēns, -entis, Veientian, of Veii. canō, -ere, cecinī, —, (sing; but also, as the responses of the oracles were given in verse), prophesy. 11. prius-quam, conj., before, until.

Obsidiō Vēiōrum 65

ēmissa erit.” Lēgātī ab Rōmānīs ad ōrāculum Delphicum missī sunt. Quibus ā deō sīc respōnsum est: “Sī aqua ex Lacū Albānō in mare īnfluet, Vēiōs nōn occupābitis.”

Find the Latin word suggested by:

prodigy, nature, legate, crescent, belligerent, man- ual, emit, December, alti- tude, influx.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erant Vgēiī?

2. Quō modo oppidum mūnītum est? 3. Quot annōs Rōmānī Vēiōs ob- sidēbant? 4. Quod prō- digium ēvēnit? s5. Ubi erat Lacus Albānus?

3. Quid vātēs Vēiēns ce- cinit? 7. Quō Rōmānī lēgātōs mīsērunt? S. Quid deus lēgātīs respondit? Juno

4. Obsidiō Vēiōrum. — Concluded

Haud ita multō post ex lacū in agrōs aqua ēmissa est. Deinde M. Fūrius Camillus dictātor creātus est atque mox magnō cum exercitū in castra Rōmānōrum vēnit.

Prōtinus mīlitēs ad magnum opus ductī sunt. Nam

12. ē-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, let out; ēmissa erit, fut. perf., will have been let out. lēgātus, -ī, m., ambassador, messenger.

13. ēmissa est: the Romans bored through solid rock to let out the water. This ancient drain still exists. 3. exercitus, -ūs, m., 66 Easy Latin

s cunīculus ab castrīs in arcem hostium inceptus est. Neque nocte neque diē opus intermissum est. Dēnique paene per-āctum est in templum Iūnōnis, quod in arce Vēien- tānā erat. Quō in templō forte rēx Vēientium hostiam immolābat. Cui harūspex sīc dīcit: ‘“Quī huius hostiae

rmoexta in āram im-pōnet, eī victōria dabitur.”

Quam vōcem Rōmānī in cunīculō exaudiunt. Sine morā cunīculum ad-aperiunt, in templum ērumpunt, exta rapiunt feruntque ad dictātōrem. Mox urbs Rōmānīs mīlitibus implētur. Magna est caedēs omnibus in locīs. Sīc Rō-

15s mānī Vēiōs occupāvērunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

eruption, impose, incipient, rapture, immolate, intermittent.

Respondē:

1. Nōnne Rōmānī ex Lacū Albānō aquam ēmittere poterant?

2. Quis est creātus dictātor? 3. Quot mēnsīs dictātor cīvitā- tem regere poterat? 4. Quod magnum opus dictātor incēpit? s. Ubi erat Iūnōnis templum? 6. Quid forte faciēbat rēx in hōc templō? 7. Quid dīxit harūspex rēgī? 8. Ubi eō ipsō tempore erant Rōmānī mīlitēs? 9. Quid fēcērunt?

3. Thēseus

Thēseus ā suā mātre in urbe Troezēne ēducātus est. Nam, ubi etiam parvulus erat, eius pater Aegeus, quī im-

[exerceō], (disciplined) army. 5. cunīculus, -ī, m., underground passage, mine. arx, arcis, f., citadel. in-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus, lcapiōl, begin. 8. hostia, -ae, f., victim. 9. im-molō, -āre, sacrifice. harū-spex, -icis, m., [-speciō, lookl, soothsayer, who foretold the future by inspecting the liver, heart, lungs, etc., of sacrificial victims. 10. exta, -ōrum, n., (internal organs of the body), entrails. āra, -ae, f., altar. 12. ē-rumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus, burst out. 153. ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus, irreg., bear, carry. 14. im-pleō, -ēre, fill up.

1. Troeēn, -ēnis, f., Troegene, an ancient city of Argolis in Greece.

Thēseus 67

perium Athēnārum habuit, uxōrem dēseruerat et suum rēgnum repetīverat.

Prīmō Thēseus lūdicrīs certāminibus vīrēs auxit. Moxs

erat validior quam cēterī iuvenēs eiusdem aetātis. Deinde in vēnātiōne silvās pererrābat. Semper prīnceps in perī- culō erat atque fortissimus armīs. Nēmō ex omnibus Argolicīs iuvenibus iaculō levibusque sagittīs celerior erat.

———————————————— x-- Jacutum

Complūrīs ferās occīdit, sed maximē saevissimam suem, quae agrōs diū vāstābat. Iam nōmen Thēseī per tōtam terram Argolicam clārissimum erat.

Form English derivatives from: dēseruerat, lūdicrīs, vīrēs, auxit, levibus, nōmen. Respondē:

1. In quā urbe habitābat Thēseus? 2. Ubi erat ea urbs?

2. Cūr Thēseus ā suā mātre ēducātus est? 4. Quō modo prīmō vīrēs augēbat? 5. Quō genere tēlōrum sē exercēbat? 6. Quid in vēnātiōne occīdit?

3. uxor, -ōris, f., wife. 5. lūdicer, -cra, -crum, llūdus], sportive. vīs, acc., vim, abl., vī, f., force; pl., vīrēs, -ium, strength. augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctus, trans., increase. (Cf. crēscō.) 6. validior, -ius, [comp. of validus], sironger. quam, conj., (after a comparative), than. ī-dem, ea-dem, i-dem, pron., lis -deml, the same. aetās, -ātis, f., age. 7. vēnātiō, -ōnis, f., hunting. prīn-ceps, -ipis, adj., [prīmus H capiō], first, foremost. 38. fortissimus, -a, -um, [sup. of fortis], bravest. nē-mō, -inis, c., homōl, no one. 9. iaculum, -ī, n., dart, javelin. levis, -e, light. sagitta, -ae, f., arrow. celerior, -ius, [comp. of celer], swifter. 10. com-plūrēs, -a, (more than one), several. oc- cīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus, lcaedōl, kill. (Cf. occidō.) maximē, adv., especially. sūs, suis, c., pig.

68 Easy Latin

46. Thēseus. — Continued

Tandem māter Thēseī eum ad sē vocāvit, atque patris gladium soleāsque eī ostendit. “Sūme, mī fīlī,” inquit “haec monumenta, et tuum patrem pete, quem in urbe Athēnīs reperiēs. Perīculōsa et ā latrōnibus īnfesta est

s vias. Tamen deī tē incolumem per omnia perīcula ad tuum patrem dūcent.”

THE THESEUM, SO CALLED, AT ATHENS

Inde Thēseus maestus mātrem suam relīquit, atque mox ad Atticam contendēbat. Quō in itinere prope Epidaurum obviam vēnit saevissimō latrōnī, Periphētae nōmine, quī

i0 ferreā clāvā viātōrēs occīdēbat. At Thēseus dē eius mani- bus clāvam extorsit, et ipsīus tēlō eum occīdit.

2. gladius, -ī, m., sword. solea, -ae, f., sandal. 3. monumentum, -ī, n., remembrance. 4. latrō, -ōnis, m., robber. īn-festus, -a, -um, made unsafe, infested. 8. Attica, -ae, f., Attica, a district in central Greece, whose capital was Athens. Epidaurus, -ī, f., Epidaurus, a city in Argolis. 9. ob-viam, adv., in the uay (to); with veniō, meet. Periphētēs, -ae, m., Periphetes. 10. ferreus, -a, -um, [ferrum], iron. clāva, -ae, f., club. viātor, -ōris, m., wayfarer, traveler. 11. ex-torqueō, -ēre, -torsī, -tortus, twist out. Thēseus et Latrōnēs 69

Find the Latin word suggested by:

perilous, vocation, nominate, sole, obvious, pre-sume, extort, monument, ostentation, infested, gladiator.

Respondē:

1. Quae monumenta pater Thēseī relīquerat? 2. Ubi habi- tābat Aegeus? 3. Nōnne iter ad Atticam erat longum?

2. Fēcit-ne Thēseus id iter pedibus? 5. Quam ob rem erat via perīculōsa? 6. Quō modo Periphētēs viātōrēs occīdēbat?

3. Quō modo Thēseus latrōnem occīdit?

4. Thēseus et Latrōnēs

Paucīs post diēbus Thēseus in extrēmum perīculum vēnit. Iam ad Isthmum appropinquābat. Hīc propter angustiās difficile erat iter. Utrāque ex parte erant rūpēs altae et asperae.

Mox Thēseus ante vāstum specum latrōnem, Sinims nōmine, vīdit, dē quō incolae terrae eum saepe praemon- uerant. Sinis multō gravior hostis erat quam Periphētēs. Hīc enim ad terram duās altās pīnūs curvābat, ad quās incautōs viātōrēs adligābat. Deinde, ubi subitō arborēs solvit, corpora īnfēlīcum hominum dīvellēbantur. Hōc ro modō iam plūrimōs viātōrēs necāverat.

Form English derivatives from:

extrēmum, Isthmum, difficile, asperae, praemonuerant, pīnūs, curvābat, incautōs, ligābat, solvit, corpus.

2. Isthmus, -ī, m., Isthmus of Corinth, connecting Argolis with Attica. 3. angustiae, -ārum, f., narrows, mountain pass. rūpēs, -is, f., rock, cliff. s. specus, -ūs, m., cavern. 38. pīnus, -ūs, f., pine tree. 9. ad-ligō, -āre, bind to. 10. dī-vellō, -ere, -vellī, -vulsus, tear apart.

70 Easy Latin

Respondē:

1. Ubi Thēseus in extrēmum perīculum vēnit? 2. Inter quās terrās erat Istamus? 3. Quae urbs erat caput Argolidis?

2. Quae urbs erat caput Atticae? 5. Quam ob rem erat iter per Isthmum difficile? 6. Ubi Thēseus latrōnem vīdit?

3. Quō modo Sinis viātōrēs necābat?

4. Thēseus et Latrōnēs. — Continued

Ubi Sinis procul Thēsea vīdit, prīmō iuvenem inrīsit. Interritus autem Thēseus in hostem invāsit. Atrōx erat pugna. Dēnique Sinis dēfessus occidit. Tum Thēseus ad duās pīnūs mōnstrum ipsum adligāvit. Mox dīvulsum est

s Sinis corpus eōdem modō, quō tot viātōrēs ab eō ipsō necātī erant.

Inde Thēseus ad urbem Megaram contendit. Quō in itinere angusta sēmita in altum montem dūcēbat. Ā dextrā erat abrupta rūpēs magnā altitūdine. Hīc latēbat

rolatrō, Scīrōn nōmine, quī prīmum viātōrēs spoliābat; deinde, dum hī eius pedēs lavābant, ipsōs praecipitēs ad īmam rūpem dēiciēbat. īnfrā ingēns testūdō eōrum cor- pora dēvorābat.

Find the word suggested by:

lave, de-ride, dejected, abrupt, invade, pedestal, patent, devour, de-spoil, precipitous.

1. procul, adv., afar off. in-rīdeō, -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsus, laugh at.
2. in-vādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus, advance upon. 5. tot, indecl. adj., so many. 7. Megara, -ae, f., Megara, a town northeast of the Isthmus of Corinth. 38. sēmita, -ae, f., foot-path. 9. lateō, -ēre, -uī, —, lurk. r10. spoliō, -āre, rob. 11. lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautus, wash. prae-ceps, -cipitis, (caputl, headlong. 12. īmus, -a, -um, louest, bottom of. dē-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus, liaciōl, hurl down. testūdō, -inis, f., tortoise.

Thēseus et Latrōnēs 71

Respondē:

1. Quid fēcit Sinis, ubi prīmum Thēsea vīdit? 2. Quō modo Thēseus Sinim necāvit? 3. Ad quam urbem Thēseus

contendit? 4. Ubi latēbat Scīrōn? 5. Quō modo viātōrēs necābat? 6. Quāle mōnstrum eōrum corpora dēvorābat?

49. Thēseus et Latrōnēs. — Continued

Scīrōn erat ingentī magnitūdine corporis atque terribilī aspectū. In quem tamen Thēseus cum ferrō audācter invāsit. Diū atque ācriter pugnātum est. Dēnique Scīrōn supplex misericordiam implōrat. Sed Thēseus latrōnem ad īmam rūpem dēmittit eōdem modō, quō ille multōs s viātōrēs tam crūdēliter necāverat. Quā ex rē ea rūpēs Scīrōnia appellāta est.

Haud ita multō post Thēseus in Atticam pervēnit, atque ibi Cercyonem lūctāmine vīcit necāvitque. Sīc Thēseus perditīs hominibus latrōnibusque omnis generis :e līberābat terrās, per quās in eō itinere contendēbat.

Form English derivatives from: magnitūdine, aspectū, supplex, implōrat, crūdēliter. Respondē:

1. Quālis vir erat Scīrōn? 2. Quō tēlō Thēseus cum Scīrōne pugnāvit? 3. Quō modo Thēseus eum necāvit? 4. Quō nōmine posteā appellāta est ea rūpēs? s5. In quam terram deinde Thēseus pervēnit? 6. Quō modo Cercyonem necāvit?

2. Erat-ne aequum omnīs eōs latrōnēs sīc necāre?

3. audāc-ter, adv., laudāx], boldly. 4. sup-plex, -icis, [sub H4 plicō, foldl, suppliant. 9. lūctāmen, -inis, n., wrestling match; Cercyon slew all whom he overcame in wrestling bouts. r0. per-ditus, -a, -um, [dōl, desperate.

72 Easy Latin 60. Thēseus et Latrōnēs. — Concluded

Iam Thēseus ad ipsam urbem Athēnās appropinquābat, ubi in rīpā Cēphīsī in magnum perīculum capitis vēnit. Hīc enim Procrūstēs habitābat, quī in suam rēgiam turrim incautōs viātōrēs dūcēbat, atque eōs prīmō magnificē ac-

s cipiēbat. Ubi autem nox vēnit, in mīrum lectum īnfēlīcem

THE Crry oOrF ATHENS

hospitem impōnēbat. Deinde, sī hospes longior erat quam

lectus, illīus membra satis praecīdēbat. Sī viātor brevior

erat quam lectus, tum Procrūstēs eius corpus in lectī longi-

tūdinem distendēbat. Hōc modō multōs annōs viātōrēs 10 necāverat.

2. Cēphīsus, -ī, m., Cephisus, a river on the west side of Athens.
3. lectus, -ī, m., bed. prae-cīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus, [caedōl, cut off
4. dis-tendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentus, streich. Supellex Domūs Rōmānae 73

Sed Thēseus victor latrōnem in ipsīus lectum imposuit, atque eius caput praecīdit. Brevī posteā Thēseus inco- lumis ad portam Athēnārum pervēnit.

Find the word suggested by:

member, distend, accept, longitude, hospital, riparian, briefer, precise, longer.

Respondē:

1. Quam ob rem Thēseus ad urbem Athēnās contendēbat?

2. Ubi in magnum perīculum vēnit? 3. Quō modo Procrūstēs prīmō viātōrem accipiēbat? 4. Ubi nox vēnit, quid faciēbat Procrūstēs? 5. Quid Thēseus fēcit? 6. Quō brevī posteā pervēnit?

3. Supellex Domūs Rōmānae

Et in ātriō domūs Rōmānae et in peristȳlō, dē quibus suprā scrīpsimus, exigua erat supellex. In trīclīniō autem semper erat mēnsa, aut quadra aut orbis. Hārum mēn- sārum multae erant pulchrae et magnī pretī. Plīnius Maior dē mēnsā scrīpsit, cuius pretium fuit deciēs centēna s mīlia sēstertium.

Convīvae circum mēnsam in sellīs nōn cōnsīdēbant. Sed

2. suprā, adv., above. 3. mēnsa, -ae, f., table. quadra, -ae, f., Iquattuor], square table. orbis, -is, m., (circley, round tabōle.
3. Plīnius Maior, Pliny the Elder, Roman historian and scientist, who lost his life in too closely observing the eruption of Vesuvius, which destroyed Pompeii, 79 A.D. 5. deciēs, num. adv., [decem], ten times. centēnī, -ae, -a, num. adj., [centum], one hundred each.
4. mīlle, indecl. adj., thousand; pl., mīlia, -ium, n., thousands. sēs- tertius, -ī, m., (gen. pl., sēstertium), sesterce, a small silver coin worth about five cents. 7. con-vīva, -ae, f., [vīvōj, guest. circum, prep. with acc., around. sella, -ae, f., [sedeō], seat, chair. cōn-sīdō,

14 Easy Latin

ex tribus mēnsae lateribus erant lectī, in quibus novem convīvae accumbēbant, trēs in quōque lectō.

Lignea aut aēnea erat lectī sponda in quam torus et cer- vīcal et vestēs strāgulae sunt imposita.

PoumPEll, SHOWING VESUVIUS IN THE DilSTANCE

Form English derivatives from:

scrīpsimus, quadra, orbis, mīlia, convīvae, novem, re-cum- bēbant.

Respondē:

1. Erat-ne multa supellex in ātriō domūs Rōmānae?
2. Quālis mēnsa erat in trīclīniō? 3. Quantī nostrā pecūniā

-ere, -sēdī, -sessus, [sedeōl, sit dowun. 9. ac-cumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitus, recline (at the table). quis-que, quae-que, quid-que, and quod-que, each. 10. sponda, -ae, f., bed- or couch-frame. torus, -ī, m., mattress. cervīcal, -ālis, n., [cervīx, neckl, pillow. 11. strāgulus, -a, -um, for covering; strāgula vestis, blanket.

75

ōmānae

Supellex Domūs R

HōnOŌ V ūNV āIVH- V ōNIMOHS ‘NONāIN] NVnO3 V

76 Easy Latin

erat ea mēnsa, dē quā Plīnius Maior scrīpsit? 4. Quae erant ex tribus mēnsae lateribus? 5. Quot convīvae in quōque lectō accumbēbant? 6. Quī convīvīs ministrābant?

52. Supellex Domūs Rōmānae. — Concluded

Lectus cubiculāris erat altior quam lectus trīclīniāris et scamnō ascendēbātur. Varia erant genera sellārum in domibus Rōmānīs; sed cathedra, in quā fēminae plērumque sedēbant, erat similis s nostrīs sellīs. Omnium sellārum īnsignissima erat eburnea sella curālis curvīs pedibus, in quā sōlī magistrātūs maiōrēs sedēbant. Pulchrae erant lucernae Rōmānae, quārum multa exem- pla adhūc ex-stant. Aliae fīctilēs, aliae erant aēneae, 10sed saepe summā arte perfectae. Lucernae aut in mēnsās aut in alta candelābra impōnēbantur, aut etiam laqueāribus dē-pendēbant. Nōn autem clāram lūcem praebēbant.

Find the word suggested by:

ivory, example, summit, various, depend, cathedral, magis- trate, extant, ascend, perfected, major, candelabrum, similar, art, nostrum.

Respondē:

1. Erant-ne lectī Rōmānī similēs nostrīs lectīs? 2. Quālis erat lectus cubiculāris? 3. Quālis erat cathedra? 4. Quī sōlī in sellā curūlī sedēbant? 5. Quāls lucernās habēbant Rōmānī?

2. Ubi impōnēbantur? 75. Praebēbant-ne clāram lūcem?

3. cubicul-āris: the suffix -āris means belonging to. 2. scamnum, A, n., stool. 4. cathedra, -ae, f., arm-chair. 5. īn-signis, -e, [signuml, distinguished. eburneus, -a, -um, ſebur, ivoryl, ivory. 6. curīūiis, -e, curule. 8S. lucerna, -ae, f., [lūceō, shinel, lamp. 9. fīctilis, -e, of clay.

4. candelābrum, -ī, n., lamp-stand. laqueāria, -ium, n., poneled ceilings.

Thēseus et Aegeus 71

63. Thēseus et Aegeus

Intereā rēx Aegeus venēficam Mēdēam, quae in urbem Athēnās nūper vēnerat, in mātrimōnium dūxerat. Ex eā autem nūllōs līberōs habuit. Quam ob rem vīgintī

fīlīī Pallantis, frātris Aegeī,

stituērunt. Hīs homini- bus ea coniūrātiō prōsperē ēvēnit. Nam rēgem cum Mēqdēā in rēgiam sē recipere cōgunt, atque ipsī cīvitātem regunt.

In hōc statū erant rēs, ubi Thēseus in urbem per- vēnit. Sine morā iuvenis ad Aegeī rēgiam contendit, atque tandem aditum ad patrem habuit. Sed Aegeus hunc ignōtum iuvenem nōn agnōvit. Quīn etiam eum prō hoste habuit, atque cōn- siliō uxōris eī vīnum dedit, quō Mēdēa venēnum mis- cuerat.

MEDEA

1. venē-fica, -ae, f., [venēnum, poison H faciōl, poisoner, sorceress.
2. nūper, adv., recently. 3. vīgintī, indecl. num., fwenty. 5. cōn- stituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, [statuō], determine. 7. con-iūrātiō, -ēōnis, f., conspiracy. 10. cō-go, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus, lagōl, force. 12. status, -ūs, m., Istōl, condition. 18. ig-nōtus, -a, -um, lin H (g)nōtus], unknoun.
3. ag-nōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitus, lad 4 (g)nōscō, knouwl, recognise. quīn, conj., lquī A nēl, indeed, nay. 22. misceō, -ēre, -uī, mixtus, mix.

rēgnum sibi occupāre cōn-s

t-4

4

4

5 178 Easy Latin

Form English derivatives from: cōnstituērunt, prōsperē, statū, cōnsiliō, vīnum, miscuerat.

Respondē:

1. Quam Aegeus in mātrimōnium dūxit? 2. Quālis fēmina erat Mēdēa? 3. Quī Aegea rēgnō expellere cōnstituērunt?

2. Quid rēgem facere coēgērunt? 5. Ubi Thēseus pervēnit, quō prīmum contendit? 6. Nōnne Aegeus suum fīlium agnō- vit? 7. Quid eī dedit?

3. Thēseus et Aegeus.— Concluded

Thēseus pōculum dextrā sūmpserat, ubi pater in eburneō capulō gladī agnōvit signa suī generis, atque pōculum ab ōre excussit. Inde Mēdēa per sua carmina effūgit. At Aegeus ingentī gaudiō complēbātur, quod suus fīlius in-

s columis erat, atque eum in rēgiam laetissimus accēpit. Postquam Thēseus dē omnibus perīculīs itineris nārrāvit, et pater et fīlius deīs immortālibus grātiās agunt et dōnīs ārās cumulant.

Intereā vīgintī fīliī Pallantis dē Thēseī adventū audī-

10 verant atque pugnāre parābant. Audācissimē Thēseus in eōs impetum fēcit, cūnctōsque ex urbe expulit. Brevī posteā Aegeus palam Thēsea suum fīlium agnōvit. Quam ob rem magna erat laetitia per tōtam urbem.

Find the word suggested by:

complete, fact, genus, ac-cumulate, charm, gladiolus, grati- tude, impetus.

1. pōculum, -ī, n., cup. 2. capulus, -ī, m., capiō], (that which is grasped), hilt. 3. ex-cutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus, [quatiō, shakel, strike away. carmen, -inis, n., canō], incantation. 4. gaudium, -ī, n., joy. 1. grātia, -ae, f., favor; grātiās agō, give thanks. 11. cūnctus, -a, -um, co-iūnctus], all (together). 12. palam, adv., openly.
2. laetitia, -ae, f., [laetus], gladness.

Daedalus et īcarus 179

Respondē:

1. Ubi Thēseus dextrā pōculum sūmpsit, quid accidit?

2. Quō modo Mēdēa effūgit? 3. Est-ne Thēseus nunc ab Aegeō acceptus? 4. Quid et pater et fīlius fēcērunt? 5. Quid fīliīs Pallantis accidit? 6. Cūr brevī posteā erat magna laetitia per tōtam urbem?

3. Daedalus et īcarus

Daedalus, nātū Athēniēnsis, vir summō ingeniō, multās ūtilīs artīs invēnit. Sed Perdīx, eius sorōris fīlius, quī

DAEDALUS AND ICARUS From an old print.

ā Daedalō docēbātur, etiam puer, celeriter praeceptōrem praecēdēbat. Quam ob rem Daedalus erat invidiae plēnus, ac dēnique eum ex altā rūpe praecipitem dēmīsit. Deindes Athēniēnsēs, valdē īrātī, Daedalum ad mortem condemnā- vērunt. Daedalus autem cum fīliō īcarō ad Mīnōem, rēgem Crētae,

4. in-vidia, -ae, f., lin-videō, look askance at], envy. S. Crēta, -ae, f., Crete, a large island in the Mediterranean. 8o Easy Latin

effūgit. Eō ipsō tempore dīrum mōnstrum, nōmine Mīnō- 10 taurus, nūper in Crētā appāruerat, cui corpus hominis erat,

sed caput taurī. Itaque Mīnōs Daedalum benīignē accēpit,

atque eum in potestātem suam mōnstrum redigere iussit.

Form English derivatives from: nātū, ingeniō, praeceptōrem, praecēdēbat, invidiae, condem- nāvērunt.

Respondē:

1. Quālis vir erat Daedalus? 2. Quis erat Perdīx?

2. Quam ob rem Perdīx erat nōn grātus Daedalō? 4. Quid Perdīcī accidit? s. Quid Athēniēnsēs fēcērunt? 6. Ad quem Daedalus effūgit? 7. Quis erat īcarus? 8. Cūr Mīnōs Dae- dalum benignē accēpit? 9. Quid rēx Daedalum facere iussit?

3. Quāle mōnstrum erat Mīnōtaurus?

4. Daedalus et īcarus. — Concluded

Inde Daedalus mīrābilem labyrinthum aedificāvit, quī mīlle viās et innumerābilīs ambāgēs habuit. Hīc Mīnō- taurum clausit. Tamen necesse erat mōnstrō corpora hominum ad cibum praebēre.

s Paucīs post annīs Daedalus ad urbem Athēnās redīre volēbat. Id autem ab rēge nōn concēditur. Inde ille novam viam fugae reperit. Nam in ōrdine avium pennās pōnit, quās līnō et cērā in ālārum fōrmam adligat. Hās ignōtās ālās umerīs suīs et fīlī accommodat. Inde perī-

10 culōsum iter incēpērunt.

11. taurus, -ī, m., bull. 12. potestās, -ātis, f., [potis, ablel, pouer. red-igō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus, [re H agōl, reduce.

12. mīrābilis, -e, wonderful. 2. amb-āgēs, -um, f., lamb-, around 4 agōl, windings. 5. red-eō, -īre, -ii, -itus, go back, return. 3. avis, -is, f., bird. penna, -ae, f., feather. 8S. linum, -ī, n., thread. cēra, -ae, f., wax. 9. umerus, -ī, m., shoulder.

Daedalus et īcarus 8r

Sed īcarus patris cōnsilium neglegit et celsior volat.

Mox sōl cēram pennārum mollit atque īcarus in mare

dēcidit, quod nōmen ab illō trāxit. Daedalus autem in- columis in Siciliam pervēnit.

THE MINOTAUR

Find the word suggested by: necessary, innumerable, novel, neglect, concede, admirable,

11. celsus, -a, -um, high; comp., celsior, -ius, higher, too high.
12. molliō, -īre, soften. 82 Easy Latin

pen, inception, labyrinth, close, linen, mollify, aviary, ambigu- ous, humerus, ex-celsior.

Respondē:

1. Intrā quid Daedalus Mīnōtaurum clausit? 2. Quid est labyrinthus? 3. Quid erat mōnstrī cibus? 4. Quō Daedalus posteā īre volēbat? 5. Quis eum īre prohibēbat? 6. Quō modo Daedalus et īcarus ex Crētā effūgērunt? 4. Quid īcarō accidit? 8. Ubi erat mare īcarium? 9. Num Deaedalus in mare dēcidit?

56ī. Thēseus et Mīnōtaurus

Ōlim Androgeus, Minōis fīlius ad urbem Athēnās vēnit, atque lūdōrum, quī ibi quotannīs celebrābantur, victor appellātus est. Haud ita multō post, cāsū nēsciō quō necātus est. Quam ob rem Mīnōs incēnsus īrā bellum

s cum Athēniēnsibus gessit. In quōs victōs terribile tribū- tum imposuit. Eōs enim quotannīs septem iuvenīs sep- temque virginēs ad cibum Mīnōtaurō mittere iussit.

Thēseus, ubi dē eā rē certior factus est ad Crētam nāvi- gāre et cum mōnstrō pugnāre cōnstituit. Nec lacrimīs pa-

10 tris nec precibus populī mōtus est. Dēnique sortēs dūcun- tur et omnia parāta sunt. īnfēlīcēs iuvenēs cum Thēseō nāvem 3ā3trīs vēlīs aptātam — signum lūctūs — cōn- scendunt. Iam tum Thēseus in animō habēbat redīre eādem nāve albīs vēlīs aptātā— signum victōriae!

2. lūdus, -ī, m., game. 3. cāsus, -ūs, m., [cadō], accident. nē- sciō, -īre, -īvī, —, not know; nēsciō quis (I know not who), some.
3. in-cendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsus, [-cendō, kindlel, rouse. 8. certior faciō, (make more certain), inform. rc. prex, precis, f., entreaty. moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus, move. 12. āter, -tra, -trum, black. aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, fit. luctus, -ūs, m., mourning.

Thēseus et Mīnōtaurus 853

Form English derivatives from:

celebrābantur, cāsū, incēnsus, tribūtum, septem, mōtus, aptātam, victōriae. Respondē:

1. Quōrum lūdōrum victor appellātus est Androgeus?

2. Ubi certāmina Olympia celebrābantur? 3. Cūr Mīnōs cum Athēniēnsibus bellum gessit? 4. Quod tribūtum in Athēniēnsīs imposuit? s. Quāle mōnstrum erat Mīnōtaurus? 6. Quid Thēseus dē Mīnōtaurō facere cōnstituit? 7. Quālem nāvem īnfēlīcēs iuvenēs cōnscendērunt? 8. Quid iam tum Thēseus in animō habēbat?

3. Thēseus et Mīnōtaurus. — Concluded

Mox nautae nāvem solvunt, et altum mare petunt. Paucīs post diēbus nāvis ad Crētam appulsa est. Captīvī expositī ad rēgem dū- cuntur. Tum prīmum Ariadnē, pulchra fīlias Mīnōis, Thēsea videt. Statim mōta admīrātiōne et misericordiā nōbilem iuvenem servāre cōnsti- tuit. Itaque virgō, ubi ro captīvī in carcerem ductī sunt, custōdēs aurō cor- uum rumpit, ac ipsa Thēseī THESEUS AND THE MINOTAUR gladium et fīlum dat.

I. solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtus, loose; nāvem solvō, set sail. 2. ap- pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus, (drive to), land. 3. ex-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus, disembark. 11. carcer, -is, m., prison. 12. cor-rumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus, corrupt. 14. fīlum, -ī, n., thread. 84 Easy Latin

1s Sub vesperum custōdēs Thēsea in labyrinthum dūcunt. Prope introitum autem iuvenis clam fīluum adnectit. Subitō terribiīlem mūgītum exaudiunt. Inde custōdēs ex labyrinthō discēdunt et Thēseus sōlus relinquitur. Mox Mīnōtaurum videt. Diū atque ācriter pugnātum est. Nam Mīnōtaurō

20 erant et vīrēs taurī et dolus celeritāsque hominis. Dēnique mōnstrum vulneribus cōnfectum cadit.

Find the word suggested by: filament, admiration, de-cadent, noble, exponent, annex, in- carcerate, corrupt, in-vulnerable.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Ariadnē? 2. Ubi prīmum Ariadnē Thēsea vīdit? 3. Cūr iuvenem ab Mīnōtaurō servāre cōnstituit?

2. Quid fēcit virgō? 5. Quandō Thēseus in labyrinthum ductus est? 6. Quid prope introitum fēcit? 7. Nōnne cus- tōdēs pugnam inter Thēsea et Mīnōtaurum spectāvērunt?

3. Cūr Mīnōtaurus erat gravissimus hostis? 9. Quis vīcit?

4. Thēseus et Ariadnē

Thēseus, postquam Mīnōtaurum cecīdit, fīlō viam, quā vēnerat, celeriter repetit. Ad labyrinthī introitum Ariad- nēn videt, quae iam diū summā sollicitūdine iuvenem exspectābat. Nunc tandem virgō laeta eum esse victōrem

s videt, atque eī dīcit omnēs rēs parātās esse; custōdēs carceris somnō vīnōque sepultōs esse; eius comitēs ad iter parātōs esse. Statim Thēseus cum Ariadnē ad Ntus

16. intro-itus, -ūs, m., (eō], entrance. clam, adv., secretly. ad- nectō, -ere, -nexuī, -nexus, tie to. 17. mūgītus, -ūs, m., bellowing.

17. dolus, -ī, m., cunning. 21. cōn-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus, (finish), exhaust.

18. laetus, -a, -um, joyful. 6. sepultus, -a, -um, [sepeliō, buryl, overcome. 1. lītus, -oris, n., shore.

Thēseus et Ariadnē S5

properat, ubi iam suī comitēs convēnerant. Sine tumultū omnēs nāvem 3ātrīs vēlīs cōnscendunt atque nocte tēctī per classem Mīnōis ēvādunt. 10 Posterō diē ad īnsu- lam Naxon veniunt. Hīc ab omnī perīculō tūtī paucōs diēs manēbant. Tum Thēseus comitēs-ss que nāvem cōnscendunt et ad Atticam cursum dērigunt. Ariadnē au- tem relīcta est, quam ob rem nēmō dīcere potest. a0

Form English deriva- tives from:

repetit, sollicitūdine, se- pultōs, lītus, tumultū, clas- sem, ēvādunt, posterō, Axpapne cursum, dērigunt.

Respondē:

1. Quō modo Thēseus ex labyrinthō ēvāsit? 2. Quem ad introitum vīdit? 3. Quid eī dīxit virgō? 4. Ubi Thēseus suōs comitēs invēnit? 5. Quō modo per classem ēvāsērunt?
2. In quā īnsulā paucōs diēs manēbant? 7. Quō deinde cursum dīrēxērunt? S8. Quem in īnsulā relīquērunt?

S. properō, -āre, hasten. g9. tegō, -ere, tēxī, tēctus, cover, protect. 10. classis, -is, f., fleet. ē-vādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus, go forth, escape. 11. posterus, -a, -um, following. 12. Naxos, -iī, f., Naxos, island in the Aegean sea. 13. tūtus, -a, -um, safe. 18. dē-rigō, -ere, -rēxiī, -rēctus, Iregōl, direct. 86 Easy Latin 60. Thēseus et Ariadnē. — Concluded

Aliī scrīptōrēs dīcunt Thēseī in animō esse ad īnsulam Naxon posteā redīre atque Ariadnēn in mātrimōnium dūcere; aliī deum Bacchum coēgisse iuvenem Ariadnēn relinquere dīcunt. Saltem Bacchus eam in caelum sē-cum

s ēvexit et eī corōnam septem stellārum dedit. Etiam nunc nocte in caelō corōna Ariadnaea cernī potest. Iam multōs diēs rēx Aegeus reditum nāvis exspectābat, 10 quae suum fīlium ad Crētam ēvexerat. Procul tandem nā- vem cernit, sed ēheu! ātrīs vēlīs. Nam Thēseus — cāsū nēsciō quō — vēla nōn mūtā- 15 verat. Tum rēx magnō dolōre affectus ex altā rūpe in mare Ē.:5 1ō sē dēiēcit; unde eī marī nō- Tue INranr Baccnus in tHE ARmMS men est Aegaeum. OF HIS TeACHER AND Com-

Inde Thēseus cīvitātem 5Amo. Suesus

20 sapienter regēbat. Ex urbe Troezēne suam mātrem Aeth- ram arcessīvit, quam praecipuō honōre semper habēbat.

Find the word suggested by:

casual, script, crown, sapient, affect, stellar, honor, dejection, animosity, dolorous, dis-cern.

3. Bacchus, -ī, m., Bacchus, god of wine. cō-gō, -ere, co-ēgī, co-āctus, force; co-ēgisse, perf. act. inf., to have forced. 4. saltem, adv., at least, at any rate. 5. stella, -ae, f., star. 9. red-itus, -ūs, m., leōl, return. 12. ēheu, interj., alas! 15. dolor, -ōris, m., grief. 16. af-ficiō. -ere, -fēcī, -fectus, lad H faciō], affect. 20. sapienter, adv., visely.
4. arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, summon. prae-cipuus, -a, -um, [capiō], special. Lūdī Circēnsēs 87

Respondē:

1. Quid dīcunt scrīptōrēs dē Ariadnēs relīctiōne? 2. Quid saltem dē Bacchō et Ariadnē certum est? 3. Ubi etiam nunc corōnam Ariadnaeam cernere potes? 4. Cūr Aegeus ex rūpe in mare sē dēiēcit? s. Quis posteā erat rēx Athēnārum?

2. Quālis rēx erat Thēseus? 17. Quālis fīlius erat Thēseus?

3. Lūdī Circēnsēs

Circus Maximus in urbe Rōmā erat tria stadia longus et ūnum stadium lātus. Undique erant sedīlia, quōrum

TunEe CirRcus MaxiqMus

in prīmīs Senātōrēs Equitēsque sedēbant; cēātera sedīlia cīvibus Rōmānīs grātuīta erant. In alterā extrēmā parte erant carcerēs, ex quibus qua-s

Title: circēnsis, -e, adj., of the circus. 1. Circus Maximus, an oval circus between the Palatine and Aventine hills, with seats for 150,000 spectators. stadium, -ī, n., stade, a distance of 625 Roman feet or about 6o7 English feet. 2. sedīle, -is, n., Isedeō], seat. 3. Equitēs, -um, m., members of the wealthy Equestrian Order, rank- ing between the Senatorial Order and the Plebs. s. carcerēs, -um, m., 88 Easy Latin

drīgae ēmittēbantur. In mediō cursū erat mūrus humilis

duodecim pedēs lātus, spīna nōmine, quī statuīs et columnīs

ōrnātus est. Utrimque in extrēmā parte spīnae erat mēta, quam septiēs circum-īre necesse erat.

10 Ex omnibus spectāculīs Lādī Circēnsēs Rōmānōs max- imē dēlectābant. Nec occāsiō de-erat. Multīs fēstīs diēbus erant pūblicī lūdī. Sī im- perātor bene rēs gessit, trium- phum lūdīs ēgit. Sī quis creātus

15 est curūlis aedīlis, magnificum mūnus dedit. Etiam fūnera ēgre- giōrum virōrum lūdīs celebrā- bantur.

Form English derivatives from:

stadium, grātuīta, humilis, spīna, spectāculīs, dēlectābant, fēstīs, pūb- licī, fūnera.

Respondē:

1. Erat-ne Circus Maximus prope Forum Rōmānum? 2. Quot stadia longus erat Circus Maximus? 3. Quī in prīmīs sedīlibus sedēbant? 4. Quī in cēterīs sedīlibus sedēbant? 5. Unde quadrīgae ēmittēbantur? 6. Quid erat spīna? 4. Quotiēs utramque mētam circumīre necesse erat? 8. Quī Lūdōs Cir- cēnsīs praebēbant?

A QuADRIGA

a series of vaulted chambers (prisons), within which the chariots waited until — at the signal — the doors were flung open. quadrīgae, -ārum, f., [quattuor H iugum, team], four-horse chariot. 6. hu- milis, -e, humus, ground], low. 8. utrim-que, adv., on both ends. mēta, -ae, f., goal. 15. curūlis aedīlis, curule aedile, commis- sioner of buildings, trade, health, and games. 16. mūnus, -eris, n., (gift), spectacle; especially, shou of gladiators. 89

ircēnsēs

Lūdī C

et t e e. aests

——w

wrētās]xē UMpM2dēē3pk

— 4 e- 5 22<ī

nas

3ovy IomvHō NVnO3 V

Digitized by Google 90 Easy Latin

62. Lūdī Circēnsēs. — Concluded

Exspectāta diēs ad-erat. Prīmā lūce multitūdō plēbis ex omnibus partibus urbis ad Circum properābat. Multō ante spectāculī tempus omne sedīle tenēbātur. Tandem sonus tubārum exaudītur et mox magnifica pompa arēnam

sintrat.

Dēnique dator lūdōrum mappam dēmittit et statim ex carceribus quattuor quadrīgae ēmittuntur. Aurīgae stan- tēs currū vehuntur et colōre vestis facile discernuntur. Iterum atque iterum fervidīs rotīs mētam stringunt. Iam

10 ultimum spatium ad carcerēs dē-currunt. Aurīgae prōnī vōce verbereque equōs concitant. Plausū fremitūque se- cundō trāns albam lineam volant et victor amplum prae- mium accipit.

4. pompa, -ae, f., procession. 6. dator, -ōris, m., ldōl, giver. mappa, -ae, f., white cloth, handkerchief. 7. aurīga, -ae, m., charioteer; usually he was either a slave or a freedman. He wore leather protec- tors on his head and legs, much as do our football players. He wound the reins around his body, and in his belt he carried a knife, with which to cut the reins or the traces in case of accident. He was en- couraged to upset a rival chariot, if possible, in order to furnish added excitement for the spectators. stāns, stantis, [pres. part. of stō], stand- ing. 8. colōre vestis: the charioteers wore red, white, blue, or green tunics. facile, adv., easily. g. fervidus, -a, -um, glowing. rota, -ae, f., wheel. stringō, -ere, strīnxī, strictus, graze. 10. ultimus, -a, -um, last. dē-currō, -ere, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursus, run doun. prō-nus, -ā, -um, bending forward. 11. verber, -is, n., lash, whip. con-citō, -āre, urge on. fremitus, -ūs, m., shouting. secundus, -a, -um, favoring. 12. alba linea: a white line drawn across the arena, marking the end of the race-course. amplum praemium: a famous charioteer, in the course of 24 years, is said to have had a record of 4257 races with 1462 victories, for which he received what was equivalent to about ȳ2,000,000l

Midās 9r

Find the word suggested by:

color, pomp, rotary, prone, standing, re-verberate, expected, facile, stringent, fervid, map, arena.

Respondē:

1. Cūr plēbs prīmā lūce ad Circum properābat? 2. Quandō pompa arēnam intrāvit? 3. Quālēs virī erant aurīgae? 4. Quō modo aurīgae discernēbantur? 5. Quandō quadrīgae ex car-

ceribus ēmissī sunt? 6. Erat-ne cursus longus? 7. Quid cursūs fīnem signāvit?

63. Midās

Bacchus ōlim Midae, rēgī Phrygiae, arbitrium mūneris dedit. Hīc autem sīc petīvit: ‘“Quidquid corpore meō contigerō, id aurum sit.” Cui deus maestus adnuit, “Ita sit.”

Midās autem laetus domum abīvit. Vix fortūnae crē-s

dēns postīs tangit, quī prōtinus in aurum vertuntur. Deinde rēgiam per-currit, lectōs, mēnsās, sellās, manū tangēns. Brevī omnia sunt aurea. Mox rēgī magnificās epulās ministrī appōnunt. Tum vērō quidquid cibī rēx ōre contingit, id statim in aurum vertitur. Etiam vīnum in aureum flūmen vertitur.

1. Midās, -ae, m., Midas, a rich but avaricious king of Phrygia in Asia Minor. In return for a favor on the part of Midas, Bacchus offered to grant him any request. arbitrium, -ī, n., choice. mūnus, -eris, n., gift. 2. quis-quis, quid-quid, indef. pron., whoever, whatever.
2. con-tingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctus, [tangōl, touch; contigerō, fut. perf., I shall have touched. sit, pres. subj. of sum, let it be. ad-nuō, -ere, -nuī, —, nod to, assent. 5. domum: note that the acc. of domus without a prep. is used to denote limit of motion, precisely as we use home without a prep., as: I went home. crēdēns, -entis, pres. part. of crēdō, trusting. 6. tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctus, touch. S. tangēns, cf. crēdēns, in line s. 9. epulae, -ārum, f., (viands),

92 Easy Latin

Midās attonitus opēs effugere temptat sed frūstrā. Sīc tandem sēcum dīcit: ‘“Quam stultus fuī! Et dītissimus et pauperrimus mortālium sum! Nisi deum inveniam,

15 mortem ipsam nōn effugiam.

Form English derivatives from:

arbitrium, mūneris, crēdēns, tangēns, ministrī, appōnunt, vērō, opēs, stultus, pauperrimus.

Respondē:

I. Quis erat Bacchus? 2. Quis erat Midās? 3. Cūr ōlim Bacchus Midae arbitrium mūneris dedit? 4. Quid rēx ā deō

A FEsTIVAL IN HONOR OF BACCHUS

petīvit? 5. Ubi rēx domum vēnit, quid prīmum fēcit? 6. Quid accidit? 7. Quid deinde Midās fēcit? S8. Quid acci- dit, ubi ministrī rēgī epulās apposuērunt?

feast. ap-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus, ad], place or set before. vērō, adv., [vērus, truel, truly, indeed. 12. (ops), opis, f., wealth, riches. 13. quam, adv., how. stultus, -a, -um, foolish. dītissimus, -a, -um, [sup. of dīves, richl, richest. 14. pauperrimus, -a, -um, [sup. of pauper, poorl, poorest. Midās 93 64. Midās. — Concluded

Inde Midās Bacchum diem noctemque quaerēbat. Dēnique famē sitīque dēfessus deum repperit. Tum sīc ōrat: “Dā veniam, pater, peccāvī. Ab hōc crūdēlī fātō mē ēripe.” Cui deus benīgnē respondet: “Vāde ad flūmen Pactōlum. Ubi ad flūminis fontīs vēneris, aquae caputs tuum subde, et simul corpus crīmenque ēlue.”

Rēx ad flūmen succēdit, atque in aquam sē mergit. Statim, mīrābile dictū!l, vīs aurea dē eius corpore in flūmen cēdit. ūsque ad hōc tempus Pactōlus aureīs arēnīs fluere dīcitur. At Midās, cui ex eō tempore opēs invīsae erant, ro silvās et rūra semper colēbat.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

im-peccable, famine, crime, re-cede, culture, e-vade, merge, success, rural.

Respondē:

1. Quem Midās diū quaerēbat? 2. Quid ā deō ōrāvit?
2. Quid deus respondit? 4. Ubi erat flūmen Pactōlus?
3. Quid accidit, ubi rēx in aquam sē mersit? 6. Fluit-ne nunc

Pactōlus aureīs arēnīs? 7. Cūr posteā Midās silvās et rūra colēbat?

2. famēs, -is, (abl., famē), f., hunger. sitis, -is, f., thirst.
3. venia, -ae, f., pardon. peccō, -āre, sin. 4. ē-ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus, [rapiō], snatch away, save. vādō, -ere,—, —, g0. 5. Pac- tōlus, -ī, m., Pactolus, a river in Lydia, in Asia Minor. vēneris, (fut. perf. of veniō), you shall have come. 6. sub-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, put under. simul, adv., at the same time. crīmen, -inis, n., offence, sin. ē-luō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, wash away, wash. 7. suc-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, (sub], draw near. mergō, -ere, mersī, mersus, dip. 8S. dictū, (supine of dīcō), to relate. 9. cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessus, g0 from. ūsque, adv., up to. r10. in-vīsus, -a, -um, lin-videōl, hateful.
4. rūs, rūris, n., the country, field. colō, -ere, -uī, cultus, inhatit.

94 Easy Latin

65. Iāsōn et Centaurus

In Thessaliā ōlim erat rēx, nōmine Aesōn, cuius frāter Peliās erat homō summā audāciā et impudentiā Hīc brevī tempore frātrem expulit ac ipse rēgnum occupāvit.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston CHIRON, WISEST OF THE CENTAURS

Haud ita multō post Peliās Iāsonem, Aesonis fīlium, sinterficere cōnstituit. Sed quīdam, quī Aesonī amīcus

1. Thessalia, -ae, f., Thessaly, a country in northern Gtreece.
2. im-pudentia, -ae, f., (pudēns, modest], shamelessness. 5. inter- ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus, [faciō], kill. quī-dam, quae-dam, quid-

Digitized by Google Iāsōn et Anus 95

erat, dē Peliae cōnsiliō eum praemonuit. Inde Aesōn cum parvō fīliō ad montīs effūgit, ubi tūtēlae centaurī, nōmine Chīrōnī, Iāsonem commendāvit. (Centaurīs erant caput manūsque hūmānae, sed corpus equīnum.)

Cum Chīrōne multōs annōs vīvēbat Iāsōn, patris rēg- nīque immemor. Tandem eī iam fortissimō et validis- simō centaurus tōtam rem nārrāvit.

Find the word suggested by: vivid, sum, temporal, premonition, audacity, commend,

regent, human, constitute, corporal, counselor, equine, imme- morial, impudence.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Thessalia? 2. Quis ōlim erat rēx Thessaliae?
2. Quālis homō erat Peliās? 4. Quō modo Peliās rēx factus est? 5. Cūr posteā parvum Iāsonem interficere cōnstituit?
3. Quis Aesonem praemonuit? 75. Quid fēcit Aesōn? 3. Quā-

lia animālia erant centaurī? 9. Quandō centaurus Iāsonī dē patre rēgnōque nārrāvit?

66. Iāsōn et Anus

Inde Iāsōn ad oppidum Iōlcum contendere atque patrem in rēgnum restituere cōnstituit. Mox Chīrōnī “Valē” dīcit et ad plānitiem dēscendit.

Sub monte succēdit ad Anaurum, rapidum flūmen, quī

dam (quod-dam), indef. pron., a certain one. j. tūtēla, -ae, f., guardianship. centaurus, -ī, m., centaur; the centaurs were a rough, warlike tribe, but Chiron was versed in the art of music and skilled in surgery. He dwelt in a cave on the summit of Mt. Pelion. 11. im- memor, -oris, unmindful.

1. Eōlcus, -ī, m., Iolcus, a town and harbor in southeastern Thes- saly, where the king’s palace stood. 3. plānitiēs, -ēī, f., sth decl., [plānus], plain. 4. Anaurus, -ī, m., Anaurus, a river at the foot

Lal

[5] 54 96 Easy Latin

s tam imbribus maximē tumidus erat. Dum Iāsōn trānsīre dubitat, pauperem anum in rīpā sedentem videt. Ea statim strīdulā vōce iuvenem sē trānsportāre iubet. Quod prīmum Iāsōn facere recūsat. Sed posteā, misericordiā mōtus, eam in umerōs suōs tollit et aquam intrat. Vix

10sē sustinēre potest, atque in mediō flūmine alterum calceum āmittit. Tandem, dēfessus labōribus, ad rīpam venit et onus dēpōnit. At iam, mīrābile dictū!, nōn anus, sed dea fōrmā pulcherrimā adest.

Form English derivatives from: plānitiem, dēscendit, rapidum, tumidus, sedentem, strīdulā, trānsportāre, umerōs, ex-tollit, sustinēre, dēpōnit.

Respondē:

1. Quid Iāsōn facere cōnstituit? 2. Ubi erat eius pater?

2. Quāle flūmen erat Anaurus? 4. Cūr Iāsōn flūmen trānsīre dubitāvit? 5. Quam in rīpā sedentem vīdit? 6. Quid anus eum facere iussit? 7. Quid fēcit Iāsōn? 38. Quid accidit, dum flūmen trānsit? 9. Ubi Iāsōn ad alteram rīpam pervēnit, quam ob rem erat attonitus?

3. Iāsōn et Dea

Tum sīc dīcit dea Iāsonī: “Iūnō sum, quae incēdō rēgīna deōrum, et soror et uxor Iovis! Tū mihi auxiliō fuistī. Ego, sī quandō ūsus erit, tibi auxilium feram.”

Hīs verbīs ē cōnspectū in tenuem auram ēvānuit. Inde s Iāson laetissimus ad oppidum contendit.

of Mt. Pelion. 6. anus, -ūs, f., old woman. 5. strīdulus, -a, -um, shrill. 10. alter, -a, -um, one (of two). calceus, -ī, m., shoe. 11. ā-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, lose. 13. pulcherrimus, -a, -um, [sup. of pulcher], most beautiful.

3. quandō, indef. adv., at any time, ever. ūsus, -ūs, m., use, need.
4. cōn-spectus, -ūs, m., l-speciō], sight. tenuis, -e, thin.

Iāsōn et Dea 97

Intereā Peliās mīrīs somniīs graviter commōtus ad Apol- linis ōrāculum lēgātum mīsit. Cui sīc respondit deus: “Cavē aliēnum, ūnum calceum gerentem. Hīc enim tē ex tuō rēgnō expellet.” Lēgātus rediit et rēgī dē deī re- spōnsō nūntiāvit. Brevī tempore, nēsciō quō modo, rūmor r0 dē hāc rē vulgātus est.

JasoN TeLLs oF His ADVENTURES

Ubi igitur in urbem vēnit, Iāsonem alterum calceum āmīsisse cīvēs sēnsērunt atque eum dē perīculō praemon- uērunt. At ille respondit: ‘“Hunc crūdēlem tyrannum ex rēgnō expellere dēcrēvī.” 15

Find the Latin word suggested by:

grave, di-vulge, re-fer, legate, use, tenuous, belli-gerent, commotion, decree, conspicuous, rumor, alien, vanish.

6. somnium, -ī, n., [somnus], dream. graviter, adv., [gravis], greatly, exceedingly. 17. lēgātus, -ī, m., ambassador, messenger.
7. caveō, -ēre, cāvī, cautus, beware of. 11. vulgō, -āre, spread abroad. 13. āmīsisse, (perf. inf. of ā-mittō), to have lost. 15. dē- cernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus, decide, determine. 98 Easy Latin

Respondē:

1. Quis erat dea? 2. Quid dea Iāsonī prōmīsit? 3. Cūr intereā Peliās graviter commōtus est? 4. Quid fēcit rēx?

2. Quid respondit deus? 6. Ubi Iāsōn in urbem vēnit, quid cīvēs eī dīxērunt? 7. Quid respondit Iāsōn?

3. Iāsōn et Peliās

Inde Iāsōn clāmōre secundō ad rēgiam contendit. Sed Peliās, mīrābile dictū!, iuvenem benignē accēpit. Blandīs verbīs sīc dīxit: “Tibi, meī frātris fīliō, libenter cēdam; prīmum autem necesse est fortem virum tē praebēre.”

s Cui Iāsōn respondit sē ad omnia perīcula parātum esse. Tum callidus rēx, ‘“Ubi mihi vellus aureum ex Colchide rettuleris, tum tibi rēgnum trādam.” Iāsōn autem hōc difficillimum negōtium temerē suscēpit.

Dē vellere aureō haec rēs nārrātur. Athamantī, rēgī

10 Boeōtiae, erant duo Ilīberī, Phrixus et Hellē. Eōs sce- lerāta noverca interficere cōnstituit, sed deus ex eius mani- bus līberōs ēripuit.

Form English derivatives from: blandīs, rettuleris, difficillimum, negōtium, suscēpit.

2. blandus, -a, -um, flattering. 6. callidus, -a, -um, shreud, crafty. vellus, -eris, n., fleece. Colchis, -idis, (acc., Colchida), f., Colchis, a province of Asia, east of the Black Sea. 7. re-ferō, -ferre, ret-tulī, re-lātus, bring back; rettuleris, fut. perf., you shall have brought back. 3. difficillimus, -a, -um, [sup. of difficilis]j, most difficult. neg-ōtium, -ī, n., [nec A4 ōtium, ease], business, task. sus- cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus, [sub H- capiōl, undertake. 9. Athamas, -antis, m., Athamas. 10. Boeōtia, -ae, f., Boeotia (Be-o’shya), a dis- trict in central Greece, northwest of Attica. Hellē, -ēs, (acc., Hellēn), f., Helle. scelerātus, -a, -um, [scelus, crimel, wicked, infamous. 11. noverca, -ae, f., step-mother.

Vellus Aureum 99

Respondē:

1. Quō cōnsiliō Iāsōn ad rēgiam contendit? 2. Quālis vir erat Peliās? 3. Voluit-ne īāsonī rēgnum cēdere? 4. Quod negōtium iuvenī dedit? s. Upbi erat vellus aureum? 6. Frat- ne Colchis prope Graeciam? 1. Quī erant Phrixus et Hellē?

2. Vellus Aureum

Dum noverca Phrixum et Hellēn caedere parat, subitō ē nūbibus pennātus ariēs vellere aureō appāruit atque līberōs abstulit. Tum no- verca, furōre incēnsa, ex altā rūpe in mare sē dēmīsit. 5

Intereā ariēs super mare terramque ad orientem volā- bat. Sed ēheu! prope Asiae ōram dēfessa Hellē in pontum praeceps incidit. Cui aquae ro ūsque ad hōc tempus nōmen est Hellēs-pontus. Phrixus autem incolumis in Colchida pervēnit. Hīc arietem cecī- dit atque vellus aureum inss silvā sacrā Mārtī suspendit. Quō ex tempore vellus au- reum ingentī dracōne terri- bilī speciē custōdiēbātur. Nēmō ad dīrum mōnstrum ao Mars accēdere audēbat.

2. pennātus, -a, -um, [penna], winged. ariēs, -ietis, m., ram.
3. au-ferō, -ferre, abs-tulī, ab-lātus, labl, carry off. 1. oriēns, -entis, m., east. 9. pontus, -ī, m., sea. 16. Mārs, Mārtis, m., Mars, god of war. 19. speciēs, -ēī, sth decl,, f., appearance. 21. ac-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, (ad], draw near. audeō, -ēre, ausus sum, dore. 100 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by:

furor, species, ablative, incident, access, Orient, pennated, suspend, Hellespont.

Respondē:

1. Cūr lberī ā novercā nōn caesī sunt? 2. Quid deinde fēcit noverca? 3. Quō intereā volābat ariēs? a4. Quid prope Asiae ōram accidit? 5. Ubi est Hellēspontus? 6. Quid fēcit Phrixus, ubi in Col- chida pervēnit? 7. Quis īāsn erat Mārs? 38. Quid ex e=52 illō tempore vellus aureum Lāīī custōdiēbat?

2. Iāsonis Sociī

Iāsōn autem etiam hōc perīculōsō negōtiō nōn refūgit. Prīmum ā clāris- simīs virīs auxilium petī-

s vit. Ad hōc Iūnō sum- mam cupiditātem glōriae multīs virīs iniēcit. Brevī tempore plūrimī ex om- nibus partibus Graeciae

10 convēnērunt.

In hōc numerō erant frātrēs geminī, Castor et Pollux, atque Herculēs fortissimus omnium mortālium, et Melea- ger et Thēseus, dē quibus ante dēmōnstrāvimus, et multī aliī clārī virī. Ad-erat quoque quīdam Argus, quī summam

15 scientiam nauticārum rērum habēbat.

AN ALTAR OF CaSTOR AND POLLUX

3. re-fugiō, -ere, -fūgī, —, shrink from. 5. ad hēc, in addition to this. 17. in-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus, liaciōl, put in, inspire. Argonautae 101

Intereā Iāsōn omnia, quae nāvibus sunt ūsuī, com- portārī iusserat. Postquam omnēs virī convēnērunt, nāvem longam aedificāvērunt, quae ex ducis nōmine Argō ap- pellāta est.

Form English derivatives from:

perīculōsō, cupiditātem, iniēcit, convēnērunt, numerō, dē- mōnstrāvimus, scientiam, nauticārum.

Respondē:

1. Cūr Iāsōn hōc negōtiō nōn refūgit? 2. Quid prīmum fēcit? 3. Quō modo erat Iūnō auxiliō Iāsonī? 4. Quī erant clārissimī apud eōs, quī convēnērunt? s5. Quid intereā Iāsōn iusserat? 6. Quid prīmum virī fēcērunt? 7. Cūr nāvis longa Argō appellāta est?

T71. Argonautae

Ubi omnēs rēs parātae sunt, Iāsōn et eius sociī nāvem dēdūcunt. Mox Argonautae (nam ita appellātī sunt) portū prō-vehuntur, terraeque urbēsque recēdunt. Pos- terō diē Pēlion et Ōssam praeter-vehuntur. Procul aperī- tur Olympī altum cacūmen nive candidum. Hinc ads

17. nāvis longa, ship of war, galley. 18. Argō, -ūs, f., the Argo.

18. dē-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus, launch. 3. portus, -ūs, m., harbor. prō-vehō, -ere, -vexī, -vectus, carry foruard; pass., sail forth. 4. Pē- lion, -ī, n., Pelion, a mountain on the east coast of Thessaly. Ossa, -ae, f., Ossa, a mountain north of Pelion. praeter-vehō, carry beyond; pass., sail by. aperiō, -īre, -uī, -ertus, open, disclose.

19. Olympus, -ī, m., Olympus, a mountain still farther north, whose snow-clad peak rises to a height of 10,000 feet above the sea. It was supposed to be the dwelling place of the higher gods. The Giants in their attack upon the Olympian gods were said to have piled Pelion and Ossa upon Olympus. cacūmen, -inis, n., peak. nix, nivis, f.,

102 Easy Latin

dextram cursum ad-vertunt. Mox Athon relinquunt et

altum mare petunt. Iam īnsula Lēmnos appāret. Hīc

paucōs diēs manent atque iterum nāvem solvunt. Pos-

terō diē per Hellēspontum in Propontida vehuntur et ad 10 urbem rēgis Cyuxeicī accēdunt.

Hīc prīmō nōn benignē acceptī sunt. Rēx enim, prop- tereā quod cum fīnitimīs gentibus bellum gerēbat, omnīs aliēnōs ab urbe prohibēbat. Ac prīmō quidem putāvit Argonautās esse hostīs. Sed ubi certior factus est eōs

15 vellus aureum petere, eōs nōn modo in urbem accēpit, sed etiam dōnīs onerāvit. :

Find the Latin word suggested by:

advert, accept, recede, prohibit, port, candid, access, relin- quish.

Respondē:

1. Cūr Iāsōn et eius sociī Argonautae appellātī sunt? 2. Ā quō portū iter incēpērunt? 3. Cūr statim ad orientem cursum nōn vertērunt? 4. Quōs montīs prīmum Argonautae praeter- vectī sunt? 5. Quī mōns in Graeciā est altissimus? 6. Quī summum montem incolēbant? 7. In quā īnsulā Argonautae paucōs diēs manēbant? 38. Erat-ne Propontis magnum mare?
2. Cūr prīmō Argonautae ā Cyxzicō nōn benignē acceptī sunt?

snow. candidus, -a, -um, shining, glittering. 6. Athos, —, (acc. Athon), m., Athos, a mountain at the extremity of the peninsula of Chalcidice in Macedonia, a dangerous point for sailors. Xerxes in his expedition against Greece cut a passage for his fleet through the isthmus connecting the peninsula with the mainland. 7. Lēmnos, -ī, f., Lemnos, a large island in the Aegean Sea, midway between Mt. Athos and the Hellespont. 9. Pro-pontis, -idis, (acc., Propontids), f., the Propontis or Sea of Marmora. i10. Cyzicus, -ī, m., Cyz2icus, king of a city of the same name in Mysia. 11. propter-eā, adv., for this reason; proptereā quod, because. 13. quidem, adv., indeed. 16. onerō, -āre, lonus], load.

Argonautae et Cyzicus 135603

T2. Argonautae et Cyzicus

Tum Argonautae nāvem cōnscendunt et portū prō- vehuntur. Sed eādem nocte nāvis magnā tempestāte in eundem portum re-iecta est. Ubi Argonautae urbem intrāre temptāvērunt, cīvēs putantēs eōs esse hostīs, in eōs

impetum fēcērunt. Pugnātum est diū atque 3ācriter.s

Tandem cīvēs, vulneribus dēfessī, intrā urbis moenia sē recēpērunt.

Prīmā lūce et Argonautae et cīvēs agnōscunt sē nocte dēceptōs esse. Sed ēheu! in acervīs cadāverum rēx ipse repertus est. Deinde Argonautae, magnō dolōre affectī, ingentem rogum strūxērunt, quem pīctīs vestibus et ful- gentibus armīs decorant. In altum rogum rēgis corpus impōnunt. Tum Iāsōn āversus facem admovet. Flam- mae mox omnia cōnsūmunt. Deinde Argonautae maestī ex urbe ad nāvem discēdunt.

Form English derivatives from: tempestāte, reiecta, recēpērunt, dēceptōs, cadāverum, af- fectī, strūxērunt, pīctīs, fulgentibus, decorant, āversus.

Respondē:

1. Postquam Argonautae Cyzicum relīquērunt, quid eādem nocte accidit? 2. Cūr cīvēs in Argonautās impetum fēcērunt?

2. Quī vīcērunt? 4. Quid prīmā lūce omnēs agnōvērunt?

3. Ubi rēx repertus est? 6. Quid deinde fēcērunt Argonautae?

4. Nōnne Graecī et Rōmānī cadāvera sepeliēbant?

5. re-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus, [capiō], take back; sē recipere, wvithdraw, retreat. q9. dē-cipiō, deceive; dēceptus esse, perf. pass. inf., to have been deceived. acervus, -ī, m., heap, pile. cadāver, -eris, n., ſcadōl, corpse. 11. rogus, -ī, m., funeral pyre. pīctus, -a, -um, [pingō, paint], embroidered. fulgēns, -entis, lfulgeō, shinel, gleaming.

6. ā-vertō, -ere, -vertī, -versus, turn away. fax, facis, f., torch. ad-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, (move to), apply.

I5 104 Easy Latin

78. Herculēs et Hylās

Iam Argonautae ōram Mysiae praetervehēbantur. Paulō post ventō adversō impedītī proximum lītus petīvērunt. Ibi Herculēs cum Hylā, puerō fōrmā pulcherrimā, in sil- vam abiit. Mox Hylās s ingentem cervum videt, quem prōtinus premit. At celerem cervum vul- nerāre nōn poterat, at- que posteā sōlus in silvā 10diū errābat. D~ēnique ad fontem vēnit, ubi bibendī causā substitit. Sed nympha fontis pu- erum pulcherrimum vi- 15 det atque eum ad īmum fontem dētrahit.

Iam Herculēs ad lītus re-verterat, sed nusquam Hylam reperīre poterat. 20 Animō sollicitō in silvam

rediit. Amēns hūc atque illūc currit et semper longius in silvam penetrat, sed frūstrā.

HEĒRCULES

1. Mysia, -ae, f., Mysia, a country south of the Propontis. 2. im- pediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, lin H4 pēsl], hinder. 5. cervus, -ī, m., stag.
2. premō, -ere, pressī, pressus, press hard, pursue. 12. bibō, -ere, bibī, —, drink; bibendī, gen. of the gerund, of drinking. sub- sistō, -ere, -stitī, —, [sistō, stopl, pause. 16. dē-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus, drag down. 18. n-usquam, adv., [nē H- usquaml, nowhere, not anywhere. 21. ā-mēns, -mentis, (out of one’s mind), frantic. hūc, adv., hither. 22. illūc, adv., thither. 23. longius, adv., (comp. of longēl, farther. Phīneus et Harpȳiae 105

Intereā ventus sē verterat et Argonautae impatientēs morae erant. Sed nec Herculēs nec Hylās rediit. Tōtam as noctem Argonautae eōs exspectābant. Posterō diē eōs in omnibus partibus petēbant. Dēnīque maestī nāvem cōn- scendunt et in altum ēvehuntur.

Find the Latin word suggested

revert, impede, penetrate, im- bibe, de-mented, subsist, impatient, detract, adverse, nymph.

Respondē:

1. Ubi iam Argonautae erant?

2. Cūr proximum lītus petīvērunt?

3. Quis erat Herculēs? 4. Quālis puer erat Hylās? 5. Quid in silvā Hylae accidit? 6. Quid fēcit Herculēs? 7. Quam diū Argo- nautae duōs comitēs exspectābant?

4. Quid dēnique fēcērunt?

5. Phīneus et Harpȳiae

Haud ita multō post Argo nautae ad terram Thrāciam vē- nērunt, cuius rēx, nōmine Phīneus, gravissimō suppliciō affectus est. Is enim hominibus quāsdam rēs occultās aperuerat, quam ob rem deī vīsū eum prīvāverant atque s nūper in eius terram Harpȳiās dēmīserant. Haec duo

THE HARPY SNATCHES PHINEUS’ Foob

1. terra Thrācia: Thrace extended as far east as the Black Sea. 4. occultus, -a, -um, hidden. 5. vīsus, -ūs, m., [videōl, sight. 106 Easy Latin

mōnstra, quibus erant capita hūmāna sed avium corpora, semper ab ipsō ōre rēgis cibum ēripiēbant.

Ubi igitur Phīneus dē Argonautārum adventū cognōvit,

r0eōs in rēgiam arcessīvit. Duo autem ex Argonautīs.

PHINEUS AND THE HARPIES As one of the old-time vase decorators imagined the story.

Zētēs et Calais, ālās habēbant. Ubi hī virī dē Harpīȳiīs audīvērunt, statim cum eīs pugnāre volēbant. Brevī pos- teā epulae parātae sunt et omnēs mēnsīs accumbunt. Subitō mōnstra appārent. Sed Zētēs et Calais in aurās

15 ascendunt et in ea saevum impetum faciunt. Tandem duo virī Harpȳiās superant et fugant.

Form English derivatives from:

occultās, vīsū, prīvāverant, cognōvit.

Respondē:

1. Ad quam terram Argonautae iam pervēnerant? 2. Cūr rēx gravī suppliciō affectus est? 3. Quō modo deī eum pūnī Symplēgades 107

vērunt? 4. Quālia mōnstra erant Harpȳiae? 5. Quī rēgem ab Harpīȳiīs līberāvērunt?

T76. Symplēgades

Eō diē Argonautae apud Phīnea mānsērunt. Grātus prō tantō beneficiō rēx Iāsonī multa dē futūrīs perīculīs praedīxit. Posterō diē nāvem solvunt et mox in Pontum Euxīnum intrant. Hīc subitō ter- ribilem fragōrem exaudi- unt. Brevī tempore pro- cul duās rūpīs ingentī magnitūdine cernunt, quae parvō intervallō in marī natābant. Tum sīc dīxit Iāsōn: “Illae sunt Symplēgades, dē quibus Phīneus mē praemonuit. Sī quid in medium spa- tium venit, eae rūpēs prōtinus incrēdibilī ce- leritāte concurrunt. At certē Iūnō in tantō discrīmine nōbīs nōn de-erit.”

Vix dīcendī fīnem fēcerat, cum columbam in medium spatium intrāre vident. Prōtinus ingentēs rūpēs concur- runt. Sed summā celeritāte columba volāvit atque

2. futūrus, -a, -um, fut. part. of sum, coming. 3. prae-dīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictus, foretell; Phineus had been granted prophetic power by Apollo. s. Pontus Euxinus, the Black Sea. 14. Symplē- gades, -um, (acc., -adas), the Symplegades. 19. dis-crīmen, -inis, n., crisis. 21. dīcendī, gen. of the gerund of dīcō, of speaking. cum,

5

20 roē Easy Latin

incolumis ēvāsit, etsī quidem caudam āmīsit. Tum Ar- 25 gonautae, crēdentēs ipsam deam viam mōnstrāre, rēmīs incumbunt. Citius Notō volucrīque sagittā volat Argō in angustum frētum. Ingēns mōns aquae puppī imminet. Iam utrimque rūpēs terribilī celeritāte concurrunt. Ar- gonautae summā contentiōne rēmīs prō-cumbunt. Pvō- sosilit Argō per reliquum spatium atque in-tāctus in altum mare ēvādit. Find the Latin word suggested by: predict, concur, caudal, benefit, incumbent, mansion, incred- ible, contention, future, columbine, Euxine, discrimination, intact, interval, grateful, credential.

Respondē:

1. In quod mare nunc intrant? 2. Quid subitō exaudiunt?

2. Quid mox cernunt? 4. Quid accidit, sī quid inter rūpīs vēnit? s5. Quid in medium spatium intrāre vident? 6. Quid deinde accidit? 7. Num Argonautae in angustum frētum intrāre audent? S38. Quid ēvēnit?

3. Iāsōn et Mēdēa

Multōs diēs Argonautae ad orientem prōvehēbantur. Tandem procul summa cacūmina Caucasī cernunt. Prīmā vigiliā intrant ōstia flūminis Phāsidos, quī per Colchōrum

conj., when. columba, -ae, f., dove. 24. et-sī, conj., even if, although. cauda, -ae, f., tail. 25. rēmus, -ī, m., oar. 26. in-cumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitus, bend to. citius, adv., swifter. Notus, -ī, m., Notus, the south wind. With comparatives the Ablative is often used in the sense of than. volucer, -cris, -cre, [volō], winged. 27. frētum, -ī, n., strait. immineō, -ēre,, —, overhang. 20. con-tentiō, -ōnis, f., [tendō], effort, struggle. prō-siliō, -īre, -ūi, —, [saliōl, leap forward. 2. Caucasus, -ī, m., the Caucasus Mountains, a lofty range between the Black and Caspian seas. 3. vigilia, -ae, f., watch, one fourth of the night. ōs-tium, -ī, n., entrance; often pl. for mouth of a river.

Perfidus Rēx 109

fīnīs fluit. Hīc, etsī ad fīnem cursūs pervēnerant, tamen

magnō timōre affectī sunt. Nam ad magnī rēgis urbems

appropinquābant.

Māne Iāsōn cum novem comitibus ad urbem īre con- tendit. Forte eō ipsō tempore Mēdēa, rēgis fīlia, cum magnā catervā virginum sacrificandī causā ad lūcum sa- crum ībat. Ubi igitur Iāsōn Mēdēae obviam īvit, ab eā viam ad rēgiam quaesīvit. Mēdēa autem, dum uvurbis moenia mōnstrat, magnā admīrātiōne huius aliēnī mōta est. Iāsōn enīm erat vir ēgregiā speciē et comītēs suōs super-ēminēbat.

Form English derivatives from:

vigiliā, novem, sacrificandī, admīrātiōne, ēminēbat.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Caucasus? 2. Ad quod flūmen Argonautae vēnērunt? 3. Cūr magnō timōre affectī sunt? 4. Quis pos- terō diē ad urbemīre contendit? 5. Cui obviamīvit? 6. Quid Iāsōn ā Mēdēā quaesīvit? 7. Quālis vir erat Iāsōn?

T7. Perfidus Rēx

Argonautae, simul atque ad rēgiam pervēnērunt, ad rēgem Aeētam admissī sunt. Tum rēgī Iāsōn causam suī itineris ad Colchida exposuit. Rēx erat valdē īrātus, sed tamen sīc callidē respondit: ‘“Mihi ante omnia necesse est

cum meō frātre Persē bellum gerere. Sī ea rēs mihi fēlīciters

Phāsis, -idos, (acc., Phāsim), m., Phasis, a river emptying into the east end of the Black Sea. 9. caterva, -ae, f., crowd, throng. 13. speciēs, (-ēī), sth decl., f., appearance. 14. super-ēmineō, -ēre, —, —, tover above.

1. simul atque, conj., as soon as. 3. ex-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus, set forth, explain. 5. fēlīci-ter, adv., [fēlx], luckily, happily.

Easy Latin

IIO

fēnix

5 4

slume6tr44

nC3/xp ā” vc

155 1

sus

5

āēē: SC55

JASON AND THE BULLS As an artist of several centuries ago imagined the story. Potentissimum Unguentum IIī

ēveniet, Argonautīs vellus aureum libenter trādam.” Iāsēn respondit sē esse parātum rēgī ad id bellum auxilium dare.

Sine morā Aeētes cum suō frātre bellum gerere incipit. Omnibus in locīs Argonautae hostium ingentem clādem io0 faciunt. Tandem Persēs omnem spem dēposuit et ē rēgis fīnibus ex-iit.

Inde Iāsōn iterum vellus aureum postulāvit. At rēx sīc respondit: “Ō;nam rem adhūc facere necesse est. In fīnitimō campō sunt duo aeripedēs et flammiferī taurī. Cum1:s illōs iūnxeris et in campum dracōnis dentīs sēveris, tum tibi vellus aureum trādam.”

Find the Latin word suggested by:

event, junction, expound, felicitously, in-sert, ex-postulate, dental. :

Respondē:

1. Quis erat rēx Colchōrum? 2. Ubi rēx dē causā itineris cognōvit, quid prīmum dīxit? 3. Fuērunt-ne Argonautae rēgī auxiliō in bellō? 4. Quid posteā Iāsōn postulāvit? s. Quid deinde respondit rēx?

T78. Potentissimum Unguentum

Iāsōn, ubi tyrannī verba audīvit, īrātus sīc respondit: “Praeclāram vērō grātiam nōbīs refers prō nostrīs tantīs beneficiīs! Ego tamen nē id perīculum quidem vītābō.

r0. clādēs, -is, f., destruction. 15. aeri-pēs, -pedis, laes], bronae- footed. flammi-fer, -a, -um, [flamma H-ferōl, fire-breathing. 16. iungō, -ere, iūnxī, iūnctus, yoke; iūnxeris, fut. perf., you shall have yoked. serō, -ere, sēvī, satus, sow.

2. grātiam. .. refers, you return thanks. 3. nē... quidem, not even.

112 Easy Latin

Priusquam sōl crāstinus occidet, aut tua iussa cōnfēcerō s aut perierō” Hīs verbīs discessit et maestus ad sociōs sē contulit. Rēx autem erat laetissimus, quod crēdidit nūl- lum mortālem flammiferōs taurōs domāre posse. Intereā Mēdēa magnā sollicitūdine animī affecta est. Diū haerēbat. Tandem Iāsonī clam auxilium ferre dēcrēvit. 10 Nocte tēcta ex rēgiā ēvādit et ad flūmen pervenit. Hīc incerta subsistit. Subitō Iāsonem cernit. Ille enim quiēscere nōn potuerat, atque sōlus in rīpā errābat. Quem Mēdēa sīc breviter appellat: “Ego sum Mēdēa, rēgis fīlia, et tibi auxilium ferō. Hīs verbīs eī potentissimum 15 unguentum dat, quod ipsa composuerat. Nam medicā- mentōrum summam scientiam habēbat. Deinde sōla ad rēgiam rediit. Form English derivatives from: perierō, domāre, sollicitūdine, haerēbat, incerta, quiēscere, potentissimum, unguentum, composuerat, medicāmentōrum, scientiam.

Respondē:

1. Recūsāvit-ne Iāsōn rēgis iussa? 2. Cūr laetus erat rēx?

2. Cūr diū haerēbat Mēdēa? 4. Quid dēnique fēcit?

3. Quem in rīpā cernit? 6. Quid Iāsonī dīxit? 7. Quid eī dedit?

4. crāstinus, -a, -um, (crās], tomorrow’s. cōnfēcerō, fut. perī., I shall have accomplished. s. per-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus, perish. 6. cōn- ferō, -ferre, -tuli, col-lātus, bear; sē cōnferre, betake one’s self, s0.

5. domō, -āre, -uī, -itus, subdue. 9. haereō, -ēre, haesī, haesus, hesitate. 12. quiēscō, -ere, -ēvī, -ētus, [quiēs, quiet], rest. 14. poten- tissimus, -a, -um, ſsup. of potēns], most powerful. 15. unguentum, -ī, n., ointment. com-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus, mix. medicāmen- tum, -ī, n., Imedicus], drug.

Flammiferī Taurī 113 79. Flammiferī Taurī Māne Iāsōn ad rēgem nūntium mīsit quī dracōnis dentīs retulit. Deinde Iāsōn unguentō suum corpus armaque ūnxit et cum Argonautīs ad campum pergit.

Hīc duōs ingentīs taurōs ex stabulīs ēmergere vident. Mox illī aliēnōs cernunt. Paulisper aereīs pedibus terrams

JASON AND THE DRACON

pulsant et ē nāribus flammās ex-spīrant. Tum horribilī mūgītū accēdunt. Iāsōn stat intrepidus, sed reliquī Ar- gonautae in tūtiōrem locum sē recipiunt. Iam ferōcēs taurī in Iāsonem invādunt. Subitō, mīrābile dictūl, sistunt et sē convertunt. Sed Iāsōn prōsilit eōsque com- 10 prehendit. Neque hī, quamquam summā vī contendunt,

4. stabulum, -ī, n., [stō], stall. 6. pulsō, -āre, beat, paw. nāris, -is, f., nostril. ex-spīrō, -āre, breathe out. 11. quam-quam, conj., although. 114 Easy Latin

manūs eius excutere possunt. Tandem per-domitī sē iungī sinunt. Deinde Iāsōn campum arat ac dracōnis dentīs sulcīs 15s committit. Ex quibus venit mīra seges armātōrum vi- rōrum. Dē hīs autem Mēdēa Iāsonem praemonuerat. Ille igitur sine morā in mediōs virōs suam galeam iniēcit. Deinde virī inter sē pugnāre incēpērunt atque mox ad ūnum caesī sunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

convert, pulsate, arable, unctuous, inject, horrible, invade, expire, de-sist, stable, prehensile, recipient, commit, ferocious.

Respondē:

1. Quis Iāsonī dracōnis dentīs attulit? 2. Quō modo Iāsonī erat unguentum ūsuī? 3. Ubi erant flammiferī taurī? 4. Quid fēcērunt taurī, ubi Argonautās vīdērunt? s. Quid fēcērunt Argonautae? 6. Ubi taurī in Iāsonem invādunt, cūr subitō sistunt? 7. Postquam Iāsōn taurōs perdomuit, quid fēcit?

2. Quālis seges ex sulcīs vēnit? 9. Quō modo Iāsōn armātōs virōs superāvit?

3. Mēdēae Fuga

Ita Iāsōn omnīs labōrēs cōnfēcit atque sub vesperum cum sociīs ad nāvem rediit. At Aeētes, ubi dē hīs rēbus cognōvit, prīmum obstupuit, deinde in suam fīliam saevīre coepit. Scīvit enim Mēdēam ūnam Iāsonī auxilium ferre

s potuisse. “Prīmā lūce” inquit “in meam perfidam fīliam

13. sinō, -ere, sīvī, situs, allow. 14. arō, -āre, plow. sulcus, -ī, m., furrow. 15. com-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, commit, intrust. seges, -etis, f., crop.

14. ob-stupēscō, -ere, -stupuī, —, [stupeōl], be stupefied. saeviō, -īre, be furious, rage. 4. sciō, -īre, know. 5. potu-isse, perf. inf.

Mēdēae Fuga 115

animadvertam, quae sīc suum patrem aliēnīs prōdere voluit.”

Hīs minīs Mēdēa vehementer commōta est. Nam scīvit Aeētam esse hominem barbarum et īrācundum. Diū haerēbat. Tandem fugere dēcrēvit. Iterum ē rēgiā ēvāsit et ad flūminis rīpam pervēnit. Hīc Iāsonem invēnit. Ille enim eius adventum exspectābat. Tum Mēdēa sīc dīxit: “Prīmā lūce rēx cum omnibus cōpiīs in nāvem impetum faciet. Nostra ūna spēs est fugā salūtem petere.”

At Iāsōn ita respondit: “Hōc modō discēdere nōlō. Num ad patriam sine vellere aureō, propter quod et ego et fortēs sociī tot labōrēs pertulimus, redīre possum? Mālō perīre quam rē īnfectā ex Colchide discēdere.”

Form English derivatives from:

ob-stupuit, scīvit, animadvertam, minīs.

Respondē:

1. Ubi rēx dē Iāsonis successū cognōvit, quem culpāvit?
2. Cūr Mēdēam statim nōn pūnīvit? 3. Quālis homō erat Aeētes? 4. Quid Mēdēa facere dēcrēvit? s5. Quem ad flū- minis rīpam invēnit? 6. Quid Mēdēa Iāsonī dīxit? 7. Cūr Iāsōn hōc modō discēdere nōluit?

of possum, to have been able. 6. anim-ad-vertō, -ere, -vertī, -versus, lanimus], attend to, punish. prō-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, betray. 7. volō, velle, voluī, —, be willing, wish. 8S. minae, -ārum, f., threats. vehementer, adv., (vehemently), exceedingly. com-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, alarm. g9. īrācundus, -a, -um, passionate. 16. nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, —, [nē 4- volō], be unuwilling, not wish. 18. per-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, endure. 19. mālō, mālle, māluī, —, lmagis H- volōl, choose rather, prefer. īn-fectus, -a, -um, Ifaciō,] not done, unaccomplished; rē īnfectā, without success.

5S 116 Easy Latin

81. Mēdēa et Dracō

Mēdēa, ubi Iāsonem precibus movērī nōn posse cognōvit, rem audācem facere dēcrēvit atque eum sēcum venīre iussit. Prōtinus virgō rapidō passū in dēnsam silvam penetrāvit. Subitō Iāsōn ingentem flammam cōnspicit. s Tenebrae saevā lūce vibrant. Tum Iāsōn quaerit: “Quid est ille rubor? Quid tam subitō refulsit?”” Cui Mēdēa respondit eum dracōnis oculōs cōnspicere; illum sanguineīs cristīs sīc fulgēre.

Brevī posteā Iāsōn ipse dracōnem cernere potest. Iam

roiīlle caput tollit et horrenda sībila ēmittit. Cui Mēdēa, vidēns collum iam horrēre, offam melle et medicātīs frūgi- bus sopōrātam obicit. Ille ingēns guttur pandēns offam corripit. Iamque mōnstrī altae cristae cadunt atque caput et ingēns cervīx humī iacent.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

collar, medicated, ex-pand, conspicuous, ab-horrent, gut- tural, vibrate, soporific, pace, object, emit, melli-fluous, crest, refulgent, sibilant, ad-jacent, sanguine.

3. passus, -ūs, m., step, pace. 4. cōn-spiciō, -ere, -spēxī, -spectus, behold, see. 5. tenebrae, -ārum, f., shadows, darkness. vibrō, -āre, glitter. 6. rubor, -ōris, m., redness. re-fulgeō, -ēre, -fulsī, —, flash back, gleem. 7. sanguineus, -a, -um, sanguis, blood], blood-red.
4. crista, -ae, f., crest. 10. horrendus, -a, -um, ſhorreōl, dreadful. sībila, -ōrum, n., hissings. 11. collum, -ī, n., neck. horreō, -ēre, -uī, —, bristle. offa, -ae, f., cake. mel, mellis, n., honey. medicātūs, -a, -um, [medicus], magic. 12. sopōrātus, -a, -um, (sopor, slumberl, sleep-causing. ob-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus, liaciō], throw bvefore. guttur, -is, n., throat. pandō, -ere, pandī, passus, open. 13. cor- ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus, [rapiōl, snatch up. 14. cervīx, -īcis, f., neck. humus, -i, f., ground; humī, loc., on the ground. iaceō, -ēre, -uī, —, lie

Vellus Aureum 117

Respondē:

1. Num Mēdēa precibus Iāsonem movēre potuit? 2. Quō Mēdēa Iāsonem dūcit? 3. Quid subitō Iāsōn cōnspicit?

2. Quālēs cristae erant dracōnī? 5. Quid fēcit dracō? 6. Quid Mēdēa dracōnī obiēcit? 7. Quid deinde accidit?

3. vVellus Aureum

Iāsōn, ubi dēmum dracōnem dormīre vīdit, magnam arborem aspicit, sub quā ingēns mōnstrum extenditur. Per rāmōs aurī fulgōrem cōnspicit. Sine morā dormientem dracōnem trānsilit atque ad arboris caput ascendit. Iam avidus manum porrigit et vellus optātum dē-ripit. Tums celeriter ex arbore dēscendit. Tacitī ille et Mēdēa ab locō discēdunt et per silvam vestīgia repetunt.

Ubi vērō sociīs, quī anxiō animō ducem exspectābant, per tenebrās aureus fulgor appāret, magnus clāmor in caelum surgit. Iāsōn gaudēns ad rīpam incēdit atque io vellus aureum in puppim mittit. Deinde Mēdēae sīc dīcit: “Tu, Ō virgō benigna, nōbīs auxiliō magnō fuistī. Nōn iam ad rēgiam redīre potes. Nōnne patriam tuam relinquēs et nōbīscum ad Thrāciam veniēs?”” Prīmum virgō īre nōluit. Ubi autem Iāsōn eī mātrimōnī fidem dedit, ss tandem aliquandō adnuit. Tum laetī Argonautae nāvem solvunt et prīmā lūce ad flūminis ōstia appropinquābant.

Form English derivatives from:

dormīre, extenditur, rāmōs, avidus, tacitī, vestīgia, anxiō, surgit, fidem.

1. dē-mum, adv., at length. dormiō, -ire, sleepb. 3. rāmus, -ī, m., branch. 4. trānsiliō, -īre, -uī, —, [trāns H saliō], leap across.
2. avidus, -a, -um, eager. por-rigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus, [prō H+ regōl, stretch forth. optātus, -a, -um, loptōl, wished for. 6. tacitus, -a, -um, silent. 10. surgō, -ere, sur-rēxī, —, [sub 4H regōl, rise. gaudeō, -ēre, gāvīsus, rejoice. 15. fidēs, -eī, sth decl., f., pledge.

118 Easy Latin

Respondē:

1. Quid per arboris rāmōs Iāsōn cōnspēxit? 2. Quid eī facere necesse erat? 3. Potuit-ne ab arbore vellus aureum dēripere?

2. Quid faciunt sociī, ubi aureum fulgōrem cernunt? s5. Quid Iāsōn Mēdēam facere cupīvit? 6. Quō modo eī persuādēre potuit? 7. Quō prīmā lūce appropinquābant?

3. Reditus Argonautārum

Intereā māne rūmor Argonautās discessisse per urbem volat atque mox ad rēgis aurīs venit. Ille suspicāns id quod erat, Mēdēam per rēgiam quaerit, sed nēquīquam. Inde furēns ad flūmen fertur. Iam rīpae cīvibus complen-

s tur, quī omnēs ūnam in partem spectant. Procul Aeētes puppim nāvis cernit, quae iam ē cōnspectū ēvehitur. Brevī posteā nūntius rēgem certiōrem fēcit, Argonautās cum Mgēdēā et vellere aureō ex eius manibus effūgisse.

Intereā Argonautae secundō ventō diem noctemque

10 per undās volant. Ubi dēmum ad ōstia Histrī pervēnērunt, in terram exeunt et laetissimās nūptiās celebrant. Tum iterum nāvem solvunt. Per variōs cāsūs, per multa perīcula cursum tenent, et dēnique cum vellere aureō in portum Iōlcī invehuntur.

13s Multae aliae rēs ā Latīnīs scrīptōribus dē Iāsone et Mēdēā nārrantur. Quās rēs autem discipulus ipse nunc Latīnē legere potest.

1. discessisse, perf. inf. of dis-cēdō, to have departed. 2. auris, -is, f., ear. suspicāns, -antis, pres. part. of suspicor, suspecting.
2. furō6, -ere,—, —, rage. 5. spectō, -āre, look, gaze. 8. effūgisse, perf. inf. of effugiō, to have escaped. i10. Hister, -trī, m., Danube river. 11. in terram ex-eō, -īre, disembark. nūptiae, -ārum, f, [nūbō, wed], wedding. 5

setH 3urres;s sre suduAu su ‘wyām oswoenxe sui: 1e ‘punocaā slppiu sui1 up fpres sies oSapy dius sm ‘punosāseq su; ui 1u3u sui o1 asuue; 1qV “uoxuō ‘metueō sy; ‘asyves; pooufoq siu qium syre; uose ‘nesjerd e uo 4uāi su oL csiēaen aleu;3 i05 Apeox ē3eus ‘sqoeqesioy uo ‘usu Si4 jo0 siow ‘s3joo1 u3iu su; sesu “4o0eq sur up Asusnof steu; io35 Surredesd snunex s, uose sēs om punoaāsio; su āuore 1v ‘sds;s sui jo do; su; 18 suocsu1 su; uo s;s oum ‘sened 3ur; o1 4q-pooā spiq ‘roure sIu ui ‘uose( “401 swsxnxs su1 1v iors une ano ur punoj iou sprelep swos ureiuoo 4snse reaslpew e 4q ‘sēunured !sssauL

SLnVNODNV āHL d0 X4015 āHL

ēnseo sui jo resa su; wios; seuoeoadde oum ‘espsī ua ssjj; o1 soered sui jo sāpuqaesp su; ssosoe 3uidojteā uoess si su 5sl eu o1 Alerepswi snum ‘unou o; Apesa dnasus sui u; 1o03 siy seyu sy mo -ēq : sē13ēv O1 Ilēamsre; piq o; āunssuy] uosef ses sm smmpold sui jo iuāu sur 1v ruoāesp s; āurwoo19a0 usēs si uose ‘esn sw jo 4ēu sur 1v tisuio uoes ſin pue iu3i; uies; s,uoāeip su; wous; msi1 oum usu eu; sen sy; jo luos3 su1 1v cpunoaā su1 aord o; wey; 3uisn si pue ‘s[inq seu; peureo seu uose ‘ysel s1 1y ceen e uo āSurēuey sosel.] usproō sui sss em sanjoird eu; jo ued enuso iseddn su; ur nqiulkqer su1 up csssioy sllym om; Lq umesp sitep e uodn āuipi1 sre oum ‘esped ‘ssluānep siu pue ssjsev āuiō ulnM sype; pue sjesw uose ‘punoaāsio; 3or eul ul 45XeN -1ē awsnxs su3 uo sious su1 seeu usss s pue ‘sryolōō Uur mes0 s;l pepue; seu oSay suL

(papnjouo9) sinvNOCDuVv āHL d0 X3019 3HL

5 ; r7 n nr m ; . Cēī Ēmx rīīāX x . : . S cen x uSm—nn 6 5 0

5

murep3 w MmnērmMur:ȳw55 28d 5

nud- jimmu”s 5 s

Nūptiae Rōmānae 119

Find the Latin word suggested by:

spectator, quest, disciple, nuptials, suspicious, script, exit, aural, fury, legible, casual.

nonae

Qus rūmor māne ad rēgis aurīs vēnit? 2. Quid fēcit

rēx? 3. Ubi rēx ad flū- minis rīpam vēnit, quid cernit? 4. Dē quō mox certior factus est? 5. Ubi Argonautae nūptiās cele- brant? 6. In quem por- tum dēnique invehuntur? 7. Ubi nunc dē Iāsone et Mēdēā multās aliās rēs legere potes?

84. Nūptiae Rōmānae

Diē nūptiārum nūbēns tunicā rēctā et flammeō induēbātur. Eius coma, cuspide hastae in sex crīnīs dīvīsa, vittīs nec-s tēbātur.

Ubi convīvae in nū- bentis domum convēnē- A PRAYER TO THE CODS runt, optimīs auspicīis

I. nūbēns, -entis, f., [nūbō, veil one’s selfl, bride. 2. tunica rēcta, -ae, f5, a white woolen garment woven in one piece and falling to the feet. flammeum, -ī, n., a flame-colored veil. 3. ind-uō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, lin(d) 4 -uō, put], put on; pass., be dressed. coma, -ae, f., hair. 4. cuspis, -idis, f., point. hasta, -ae, f., spear. coma ... dīvīsa; perhaps going back to the ancient marriage by capture. 5. vitta, -ae, f., ribbon; sacred fillet. nectō, -ere, nexuī, nexus, tie. 9. optimus, -a, 120 EEasy Latin

10 caerimōnia agēbātur. Prīmum prēnuba nūbentem ad marītum dūcit, atque illī coram decem testibus inter sē dextrās iungunt. Deinde certa et sollemnia verba dīcuntur. Tum Flāmen Diālis Iovī farreum lbum offert et Iūnōnī aliīsque deīs precēs adhibet.

1s Postquam illī rītūs cōnfectī sunt, omnēs convīvae et marītō et nūptae “fēlīciter” dīcunt. Inde ūsque ad noctem epulīs accumbunt.

Form English derivatives from:

nūptiae, tunicā, rēctā, induēbātur, nectēbātur, auspiciīs, caerimōnia, marītum, testibus, dextrās, certa, sollemnia, offert, rītūs.

Respondē:

1. Quō modo nūbēns Rōmāna induēbātur? 2. Quō modo coma nūbentis dīvidēbātur? 3. Quō convīvae convēnērunt?
2. Quot testibus coram caerimōnia agēbātur? 5. Quae sol- lemnia verba ā nūbente dīcuntur? 6. Quid fēcit Flāmen Diālis? 7. Quis erat dea mātrimōnī? S8. Postquam rnītūs cōnfectī sunt, quid faciunt convīvae?

-um, (sup. of bonus], best, most favorable. au-spicium, -ī, n., avis 4 -speciō, look], divination (by the flight of birds); auspicia, -ōrum, n., auspices. 10. prō-nuba, -ae, f., bridesmaid, who must be a woman married to her first husband. r1. marītus, -ī, m., married man, bride- groom. coram, prep. with abl., in the presence of. testis, -is, c., witness. 12. soll-emnis, -e, Isollus, whole 4 annusl, appointed; certa et sollemnia verba, “Quandō tūā Gāius, ego Gāia,” a set response by the bride, implying that she was now entering the family of the bride- groom. 13. flāmen, -inis, m., priest; Flāmen Diālis, priest of Jupiter. farreus, -a, -um, (made of) spelt. ībum, -ī, n., cake. Iūnōnī aliīsque deīs; to Juno as the goddess of marriage, and to other deities of the country and its fruits. r4. ad-hibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, habeō], bring to, offer. 16. “‘fēlīciter” dīcere, to offer congratulations.

Nūptiae Rōmānae 121

86. Nūptiae Rōmānae. — Concluded

Ubi nox vēnit, nūpta speciē vīs dē mātris complexū āvulsa ad marītī domum dēdūcitur. Tībīcinēs et servī facēs ferentēs agmen praecēdunt. Post novōs marītōs veniunt convīvae, quibus mox magna turba plēbis sē iungit. Omnēs carmina canunt et “Talassiō!” clāmitant.

Ubi ad marītī domum vēnērunt, nūpta postīs oleō unguit vittīsque ōrnat. Deinde, ut malum ōmen vītētur, nūpta trāns līmen trāns-fertur. In ātriō marītus suam uxōrem aquā et īgnī accipit, vidēlicet quod illa sunt vītae rēs omnīnō necessāriae.

Posterō diē erant repōtia apud marītum, quō tempore prīmum nūpta Laribus et Penātibus marītī sacrificābat.

Find the word suggested by:

precede, oil, potation, complex, omen, con-vulsion, viz., species, sacrifice, dis-turb, violence, novel, unguent, transfer, necessary, deduce.

Respondē:

1. Ubi nox vēnit, quō nūpta dēdūcitur? 2. Dum turba per viās incēdit, quid faciunt omnēs? 3. Ubi ad marītī domum vēnērunt, quid facit nūpta? 4. Cūr nūpta trāns līmen trāns- fertur? 5. Quō modo marītus in ātriō nūptam accipit?

2. Quī erant Larēs et Penātēs?

3. com-plexus, -ūs, m., plectō, twinel, embrace. 2. ā-vellō;, -ere, -vellī, -vulsus, tear away. tibī-cen, -inis, m., Itībia, flute 4 canōl, flute-player. 3. agmen, -inis, n., lagōl, line. 5. Talassiō!, wedding salutation, going back to the time of Romulus; perhaps the name of a god of marriage. clāmitō, -āre, [clāmōl, keep shouting. 9. vidē-licet, adv., (vidēre licet, one may seel, evidently. 11. re-pōtia, -ōrum, n. [pōtō, drinkl, return banquet. 12. Larēs, -um, m., Lares, deified spirits of ancestors, protecting the home. Penātēs, -ium, m., Penates, guardian gods of the family.

5

10 122 Easy Latin 86. Androclus et Leō

Quondam in Circō Maximō vēnātiō populō dabātur. Erant ibi multae ferae, sed praeter alia omnia leō corpore vāstō et terrificō fremitū animōs oculōsque omnium in sē

ANDROCLES AND THE LION

converterat. Iam inter eōs, quī ad bēstiārum pugnam datī ssunt, servus virī cōnsulāris in arēnam intrō-ductus erat.

1. vēnātiō: these “hunting” exhibitions were given both in the circus and the amphitheater. 2. praeter, prep. with acc., beyond, besides. 3. fremitus, -ūs, m., Ifremōl, roar. 5. cōnsulāris, e, pertaining to a consul; vir cōnsulāris, a man of consular rank, i.e., who Androclus et Leō 123

Eī servō Androclus nōmen fuit. Hunc ubi ille leō procul vīdit, repentē quasi admīrāns stetit, ac deinde sēnsim atque placidē ad hominem accēdit. Tum mōre canis caudam blandē movet atque hominis crūra manūsque linguā lēniter permulcet.

Androclus, quī metū prope exanimātus fuerat, inter illa blandīmenta atrōcis ferae animum recuperat et paulātim ad leōnem oculōs vertit. Tum vērō timōrem omnīnō dēpōnit ac summā admīrātiōne spectātōrum ingentem leōnem permulcēre coepit.

Form English derivatives from:

praeter, terrificō, bēstiārum, cōnsulāris, intrōductus, servus, admīrāns, sēnsim, mōre, canis, blandē, lēniter, in-animātus, blandīmenta, recuperat, paulātim.

Respondē:

1. Obi erat Circus Maximus? 2. Quālia animālia in vēnātiōne pugnābant? 3. Quālēs hominēs cum ferīs pugnā- bant? 4. Quāle animal eō tempore spectātōrum oculōs in sē converterat? 5. Quī iam in arēnam intrōductī erant? 6. Ubi leō Androclum vīdit, quid fēcit? 7. Est-ne Androclus perter- ritus? 8. Ubi dēnique Androclus ad leōnem oculōs vertit, quid fēcit?

had been a consul. 5. repentē, adv., suddenly. ad-mīrāns, -antis, (pres. part. of ad-mīror), uondering. stō, stāre, stetī, status, stand. sēnsim, adv., [sentiō], slowly. 8. mōs, mōris, m., manner, uay. canis, -is, c., dog. 9. blandē, adv., [blandus, caressingl], gently. crīūs, crūris, n., leg. lēniter, adv., [lēnis], gently. 10. per-mulceō, -ēre, -mulsī, -mulsus, stroke. 11. metus, -ūs, m., fear. ex-animātus, -a, -um, (anima, breathl], lifeless, dead. r2. blandī-mentum, -ī, n., caress. re-cuperō, -āre, lcapiō], recover. paulātim, adv., (paulus, litile], litile by litile, by degrees.

I0

Iō 124 Easy Latin

87. Androclus et Leō. — Continued

Hōc mīrum spectāculum maximōs populī clāmōrēs excitat, atque Caesar Androclum vocat iubetque rem explicāre. Inde Androclus hanc rem nārrat.

“Ad Africam iam prīdem abiī cum meō dominō, quī s eam prōvinciam prōcōnsulārī imperiō obtinuerat. Ibi ego, eius inīquīs et cotīdiānīs ver- beribus fugere coāctus, in locōs dēsertōs concessī. Tum mediō 10 diē sōle flagrante specum remō- tum latēbrōsumque invēnī, in quem mē recondō.

“Brevī posteā ad eundem spe- cum vēnit hīc leō, ūnō pede dē- 15 bīlī et cruentō, gemitūs ēdēns ob vulneris dolōrem. Atque illīc ī prīmō cōnspectū leōnis perter- Jutius Caesar

2. Caesar, -is; m., Caesar, probably the fourth emperor, Claudius, 41-54 A.D. The emperors, who followed the dictator, Julius Caesar, adopted the name “Caesar” as an official title. 3. ex-plico, -āre, [plicō, fold], unfold, explain. 4. iam prīdem, adv., long ago. domi- nus, -ī, m., l[domō, subduel, master. 5. prō-cōnsulāris, -e, [prō, in place of 4 cōnsull], proconsular. As the Roman Empire extended its borders, conquered countries were formed into provinces, which were governed by ex-consuls with “proconsular power,” i.e. with all the authority of a consul. 7. in-īquus, -a, -um, laequus], unjust. cōti- diānus, -a, -um, [quot H diēs], daily. 10. flagrō, -āre, burn, blaxe.
3. latēbrōsus, -a, -um, [lateōl, full of hiding places. r2. re-condō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, hide. 14. dēbilis. -e, [dē 4 habilis, manageablel, disabled. 15. cruentus, -a, -um, lcruor, gorel, bloody. gemitus, -ūs, m., [gemōl, groan. ē-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, give forth, utter. 16. ob, prep. with acc., on account of. illīc, adv., lille], there. Androclus et Leō 125

ritus sum. Sed leō, postquam mē procul vīdit, mītis et mānsuētus accessit et mihi pedem vulnerātum porrēxit. Inde ego ex eius pede spīnam ingentem revellī atque iam 20 sine magnō metū cruōrem siccāvī. Tum leō, meā operā levātus, recubuit et quiēvit.”

Find the Latin word suggested by:

province, flagrant, editor, excite, debility, explicit, remote, spectacle, recumbent, iniquitous, quiet, empire, concession, mitigate, recondite, re-lieve, dominate, revulsion.

Respondē:

1. Cui Androclus mīram rem explicāvit? 2. Quō Androclus cum suō dominō abierat? 3. Cūr in locōs dēsertōs aufūgit?

2. Quō sē recondidit? 5. Quid ad eundem locum vēnit?

3. Cūr leō gemitūs ēdēbat? 5. Vidit-ne leō Androclum?

4. Quid fēcit leō? 9. Quō modo Androclus leōnem relevāvit?

5. Androclus et Leō. — Concluded

“Ex eō diē per trīs annōs ego et leō in eōdem specū et eōdem vīctū vīximus. Nam mihi ad specum ferārum membra ferēbat, quae ego, īgnis cōpiam nōn habēns, merī- diānō sōle torrēns edēbam.

“Mōtus tandem taediō eius vītae, specum relīquī, seds

paulō post ā mīlitibus apprehēnsus ex Āfricā ad urbem

18. mitis, -e, gentle. 19. mān-suētus, -a, -um, [manus H suēscō, accustoml], tame. porrigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus, [prō H regōl, stretch forth. 20. spīna, -ae, f., thorn. re-vellō, -ere, -vellī, -vulsus, pull out. a21. siccō, -āre, dry. opera, -ae, f., service, work. 22. levō, -āre, relieve. re-cumbō, -ere, -cubuī, —, lie down.

19. vīctus, -ūs, m., [vīvō], food. vīvō, -ere, vīxī, vīctus, live.

20. merīdiānus, -a, -um, [medius diēs], mid-day. 4. torreō, -ēre, -uī, tostus, roast. edō, -ere, ēdī, ēsus, eat. 5. taedium, -ī, n., disgust.

21. ap-prehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsus, [ad], arrest. ad urbem: often

126 Easy Latin

dēductus sum. Dominus meus statim mē ad bēstiās darī iussit. At hīc leō, etiam captus, mihi nunc beneficī et medicīnae grātiam refert.”

10 Haec dīxit Androclus. Brevī tempore dīmissus et leōne dōnātus est. Posteā Androclus leōnem lōrō tenuī revinctum urbe tōtā circum tabernās dūcēbat. Dōnātus est aere Androclus, flōribus sparsus est leō, omnēsque obviī exclāmā- bant: ‘“Hīc est leō hospes hominis, hīc est homō medicus

1sleōnis!”

Find the Latin word suggested by:

benefit, sparse, meridian, obvious, donate, apprehend, toast, at-tenuated, victuals, tabernacle, dismiss, copious, gratitude, medicine, hospitality, vivacious, tedium.

Respondē:

1. Quot annōs Androclus et leō in eōdem specū vīvēbant?
2. Quālem vīctum leō ad specum ferēbat? 3. Quō modo Androclus carnem torrēbat? 4. Cūr Androclus specum relīquit? s5. Quid eī paulō post accidit? 6. Quis eum ad bēstiās darī iussit? 7. Quid intereā leōnī accidit? S8. Post- quam Caesar haec audīvit, quid iussit? 9. Quid posteā Androclus cum leōne faciēbat?

used as here with special reference to Rome. 11. lōrum, -ī, n., leather strap. tenuis, -e, [teneō], thin. 12. aes, aeris, n., bronse, copper, (money). 13. spargō, -ere, sparsī, sparsus, sprinkle. ob-vius, -a, -um, [via], in the way. 14. hospes, -ites, m., host.

ROMAN HISTORY ROMAN HISTORY

The following history of Rome, covering a period of about 700 years from the founding of the city to the time of Julius Caesar, is adapted from the Latin of Livy and Eutropius, Roman historians respectively of the first and fourth centuries Ap.

Authentic Roman history begins about 350 B.c. But the legends of the kings and of the early republic are well worth reading. For in these legendary sketches we get glimpses of life and character that enable us to reproduce a fairly accurate picture of the early Romans.

For the most part they were sturdy farmers, industrious and thrifty. They put faith in their gods and obeyed their elders. A stern sense of duty made them law-abiding citizens. They were honest,— men of their word. They formed a united people, trained to suppress individual freedom in the interest of the entire state.

Under the strictest discipline in war they proved themselves brave and daring soldiers, fighting with fierce energy and in- domitable spirit. They treated their conquered enemies squarely and ruled them by kindness rather than by fear.

It was these sterling qualities that brought them out at last victorious over all their foes and enabled them to weld the nations dwelling around the Mediterranean into a great and harmonious Empire.

The history of Rome is worthy of study, not only because that nation has furnished us with the basis of our own laws and government, language and literature, but because it abounds in practical lessons, which we would do well to heed at this particular period of our own national development.

127

128 Easy Latin

Early Italian rulers; Trojan Aeneas settles in Latium

Antīquissimīs temporibus Sāturnus in ītaliam vēnisse dīcitur. Ibi haud procul ā Iāniculō arcem condidit, eamque

1 1

l

I v

vuīūā

I

f

RUINS OF THE TEMPLE OF SATURN

Sāturniam appellāvit. Hīc prīmus ītalōs agrī cultūram docuit. s Posteā Latīnus in illīs regiōnibus imperāvit. Eō tempore

1. Sāturnus, -ī, m., [serō, plant], Saturn, a mythical king, identified by the Romans with Satum, the father of Jupiter. According to the legend he was expelled from Olympus by Jupiter. He came to Latium in the time of king Janus, by whom he was kindly received and was permitted to form a settlement on the Capitoline hill. At the foot of the hill in the Forum a temple was erected to his honor, of which eight columns are still standing. Roman History 129

Trōia in Asiā ā Graecīs ēversa est. Hinc Aenēās, Anchīsae fīlius, cum multīs Trōiānīs, quī ex eō bellō superfuērunt, aufūgit, et in ītaliam pervēnit. ībi Latīnus rēx eum benignē recēpit atque eī fīliam Lāvīniam in mātrimōnium dedit. Aenēās urbem condidit, quam in coniugis honōrem Lāvīnium appellāvit.

Form English derivatives from:

agrī-cultūram, regiōnibus, imperāvit, re-versa, re-fūgit, honōrem.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Sāturnus? 2. Cūr vēnit Sāturnus in Latium?
2. Quid ītalōs docuit? 4. Ubi erat Iāniculum? 5. Upbi erat templum Sāturnī? 6. Ā quibus Trōia est ēversa? 7. Quis

effūgit et in ītaliam pervēnit? 8. Cūr Aenēās urbem, quam condidit, Lāvīnium appellāvit?

The Alban kings

Post Aenēae mortem Ascanius, Aenēae fīlius, rēgnum accēpit. Hīc sēdem rēgnī in alium locum trānstulit, urbem- que condidit in monte Albānō, eamque Albam Longam

6. Anchīsēs, -ae, m., Anchises, the aged father of Aeneas, a cripple at the time of the fall of Troy. Aeneas lifted his father upon his shoulders, and taking little Ascanius by the hand, bade his wife Creusa follow on behind. Guided by the goddess Venus, the mother of Aeneas, they passed through the streets of the burning city and eluding their enemies, reached a place of safety, — all but Creusa. Aeneas went back into the city and searched long for his wife, but in vain. Anchises accompanied Aeneas on the voyage to Italy, but died on the way in Sicily. 7. super-sum, -esse, -fuī, —, be over, remain, survice.

7. sēdēs, -is, f., [sedeōl, seat.

130 Easy Latin

appellāvit. Ascaniō suc- s cessit Silvius, quī post

Aenēae mortem ā Lāvīniā

genitus erat. Eius pos-

terī omnēs in urbe Albā

rēgnāvērunt, dum Rōma 10 condita est.

Ōnus hōrum rēgum, Rōmulus Silvius, sē mai- ōrem esse quam Iovem dīcēbat, et, ubi tonuit,

15 mīlitēs hastīs clipeōs per- cutere iussit, dīcēbatque hunc sonum multō clāri- ōrem esse quam tonitrum. Fulmine ictus in Albā-

20 num lacum praecipitātus est.

Silvius Proca, rēx Al- bānōrum, duōs fīliōs relīquit, Numitōrem et

25s Amūlium. Numitōrī, quī erat maior nātū, rēgnum lēgāvit. Tamen Amūlius per vim frātrem expulit

Riiix AENEAS, ANCHISES, AND ASCANIUS atque rēgnum obtinuit. FLEEING FROM TrOY

7. gignō, -ere, genuī, genitus, bring forth; pass., be born.
8. dum, conj., until. 14. tonō, -āre, -uī, —, thunder. 15. per- cutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus, quatiō, shakel, strite. 17. sonus, -i, m., sound. 18. tonitrus, -ūs, m., Itonōl, thunder. 19. fulmen, -inis, n., lightning, thunderbolt. icō, -ere, īcī, ictus, striee. 26. nātū, by birth; maior nātū, elder. 27. lēgō, -āre, (lēx], leave by will, bequeath. Roman History 131

Find the Latin word suggested by:

percussion, native, succeed, fulminate, transfer, precipitate, pro-genitor, legacy, sound, as-tonish.

Respondē:

1. Quis post Aenēae mortem rēgnum accēpit? 2. Ubi Ascanius novam urbem condidit? 3. Cūr urbs nova Alba Longa appellāta est?
2. Cuius frāter erat Sil- vius? 5. Quō modo Rō- mulus Silvius ostendit sē esse maiōrem quam Iovem?
3. Quō modo pūnītus est?
4. Cui Silvius Proca rēg- num lēgāvit? 38. Quō modo Amūlius rēgnum obtinuit?

Romulus and Remus; found- ing of Rome

Amūlius, ut rēgnum fīrmissimē possidēret, Numitōris fīlium per īn- sidiās interēmit, et fīliam frātris, Rheam Silviam, ; Vestālem virginem fēcit. RUINS OF THE TEMPLE OF MAXRS THE Namhīs Vestaesacerdōti-

AVENCER - . - bus nōn licet nūbere. Sed haec ā Mārte geminōs fīliōs Rōmulum et Remum

28. frātrem expulit: Although Amulius deprived Numitor of the throne, he let him keep the property his father left him.

29. īn-sidiae, -ārum, f., [sedeō], ambush, plot. i. sacerdōs, -ōtis, c., [sacerl, priest, priestess. S. licet, -ēre, licuit and licitum est, 132 Easy Latin

10 peperit. Hōc ubi Amūlius comperit, mātrem in vincula coniēcit, puerōs autem in Tiberim abicī iussit. Forte Tiberis aqua ultrā rīpam sē effūderat, quam ob

FausTULUS FINDING ROMULUS AND REMUS

rem puerī in vadō sunt positī. Paulō post aqua refluēns eōs in siccō relīquit. Ad eōrum vāgītum lupa accurrit, eōsque 15 nūtrīvit. Quod vidēns Faustulus quīdam, pāstor illīus re-

impers., it is permitted. 10. comperiō, -īre, -perī, -pertus, find out. 12. ultrā, prep. with acc., beyond. ef-fundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsus, ſexl, pour out, spread. 14. ac-currō, -ere, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursus,

lad], run lo. 15. pāSstor, -ōris, m., [pāscō, feed], herdsman, shepherd. Roman History 133

giōnis, puerōs abstulit, et uxōrī Accae Lārentiae dedit. Sīc Rōmulus et Remus pueritiam inter pāstōrēs trānsēgē- runt. Ubi adolēvērunt, et forte dē suō avō et mātre com- perērunt, Amūlium interfēcērunt, et Numitōrī avō rēgnum restituērunt. Tum urbem condidērunt in monte Palātīnō, quam Rōmulus ā suō nōmine Rōmam vocāvit. Dum urbs moenibus circumdatur, Remus frātrem inrīdēns moenia trānsiluit. Inde Rōmulus īrātus Remum occīdit.

Form English derivatives from: fīrmissimē, possidēret, īnsidiās, sacerdōtibus, il-licitus, ultrā, effūderat, nūtrīvit, pāstor, trānsēgērunt, adolēvērunt.

17. trāns-igō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus, lagōl, drive through, pass, spend.
18. ad-olēscō, -ere, -olēvī, -ultus, grow up. forte ... comperērunt: In those barbarous days there probably was plenty of “ cattle-lifting” among the herdsmen. Whnether or not Romulus and Remus indulged in this exciting diversion we do not know, but this is the story Livy tells: Some robbers enraged by the loss of their plunder attacked the brothers. Romulus escaped, but Remus was captured and haled before Amulius on the charge that he had plundered Numitor’s flocks. Thereupon Amulius sent him to Numitor for punishment. Numitor was struck by the noble bearing of this shepherd lad, and on learning that he had a twin brother, he almost guessed they were his grandsons. Meanwhile Faustulus, who had always entertained a secret hope that these boys might turn out to be princes, told Romulus how he had found them and who their grandfather and mother probably were. Then Romulus collected a band of young men, and attacked the palace.
19. in monte Palātīnō: Both the brothers wished to found the new city where they had been suckled by the she-wolf. But Remus favored the Aventine hill, while Romulus insisted on the Palatine. They decided to leave it to the gods. Stationing themselves, Remus on the Aventine and Romulus on the Palatine, they watched for the flight of birds. At sunrise Remus saw six vultures, but shortly afterwards Romulus saw twelve. The matter was referred to the shepherds, who decided in favor of Romulus. The traditional date of the founding of the city was April axst, 753 B.C.

134 Easy Latin

Respondē:

1. Cūr Amūlius Rheam Silviam Vestālem virginem fēcit?
2. Quis erat pater Rōmulī et Remī? 3. Ubi Amūlius comperit Rheam Silviam fīliōs peperisse, quid fēcit? 4. Quō modo puerī servātī sunt? s5. Inter quōs Rōmulus et Remus pueritiam trānsēgērunt?
3. Quō modo dē suō avō mātreque comperērunt?
4. Ubi novam urbem con- didērunt? 8. Cūr Rōm- ulus frātrem suum occīdit?

War with the Sabines

Rōmulus, ut cīvium numerum auggret, asȳ- lum patefēcit, ad quod accurrērunt multī quī ex s suīs cīvitātibus pulsī erant. Sed novae urbis cīvibus coniugēs deerant. Itaque fēstum Neptūnī et lūdōs īnstituit. Ad

10hōs multī ex fīnitimīs populīs cum mulieribus et līberīs vēnērunt. Ubi spectāculī tempus vēnit et omnēs lūdōs

ROMAN Vase SHowiNG NEPTUNE WITH H1s TRIDENT AND HORSES

2. asȳlum, -ī, n., place of refuge. 3. pate-faciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factus, [pateō, lie open], open. 5. pellō, -ere, pepulī, pulsus, drive.
3. coniugēs deerant: In order to obtain wives for his citizens, Romulus first tried to establish the right of marriage with the neighbor- ing states. But since his citizens were for the most part criminals or “undesirables,” he failed to secure that right, and had to resort to the ruse, which is described in what follows. r0. mulier, -is, f., woman. Roman Hīstory 135

spectābant, subitō iuvenēs Rōmānī discurrērunt et virginēs rapuērunt.

Populī illī, quōrum virginēs raptae erant, bellum ad- versus raptōrēs suscēpērunt. Dum ad urbem appropin-ss quant, forte in Tarpeiam virginem incidērunt, quae in arce sacra prōcūrābat. Hanc rogābant, ut viam in arcem mōn- strāret, eīque permīsērunt, ut mūnus sibi posceret. Illa postulāvit ōrnāmenta, quae in sinistrīs manibus gerēbant, ānulōs aureōs et armillās significāns. At hostēs in arcem so ab eā perductī scūtīs Tarpeiam obruērunt; nam et haec in sinistrīs manibus gerēbant.

Tum Rōmulus cum hoste, quī montem Tarpeium tenēbat, pugnam cōnseruit in eō locō, ubi nunc Forum Rōmānum est. In mediā caede mulierēs quae raptae erant prōces- as sērunt, et hinc patrēs, hinc coniugēs et socerōs ōrābant, ut caedis fīnem facerent. Utrīque hīs precibus commōtī sunt. Rōmulus foedus īcit, et Sabīnōs in urbem recēpit.

12. dis-currō, -ere, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursus, run in different direc- tions. 16. in arce sacra prō-cūrābat: Tarpeia was the daughter of the commander of the citadel. As a Vestal virgin she attended to the sacrifices. It was while she was on her way to draw water for a sacrifice from a spring at the foot of the hill that the Sabines happened upon her. 20. ānulus, -ī, m., ring. armilla, -ae, f., larmus, shoulder], bracelet. 21. ob-ruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutus, overwhelm.
13. montem Tarpeium: the southwestern peak of the Capitoline hill. From this cliff, So feet high, traitors were hurled to death. 24. cēn- serō, -ere, -seruī, -sertus, join. 26. hinc ... hinc, on this side... on that. socer, -ī, m., father-in-law. 28. foedus icere, to strike a treaty, perhaps because a victim was “struck ” in the sacrifice which was performed on such occasions. Sabīnōs in urbem recēpit: Thus the Romans and Sabines formed one community under the joint rule of Romulus and Titus Tatius, the Sabine king. After several years, however, Tatius was killed in battle and Romulus reigned alone.

136 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by:

feast, permit, federal, asylum, incident, arm, institute, sig- nificant, discursive, procure, augment, ab-rogate, ex-pulsion.

Respondē:

1. Quid fēcit Rōmulus, ut cīvium numerum auggret?
2. Quālēs hominēs in urbem accurrērunt? 3. Quid Rōmulus

THE TARPEIAN ROCK Compare this view with the one on page 15.

fēcit, ut cīvēs coniugēs obtinērent? 4. Cūr Sabīnī adversus Rōmānōs bellum suscēpērunt? 5. Ubi Sabīnī in Tarpeiam incidērunt? 6. Quid Tarpeia postulāvit? 7. Quid fēcērunt Sabīnī, postquam in arcem perductī sunt? 8. In quō locō Rōmulus pugnam cōnseruit? 9. Quid in mediā caede accidit? Roman History 137

Division of citizens; death of Romulus

Posteā cīvitātem dēscrīpsit. Centum senātōrēs lēgit, eōsque cum ob aetātem tum ob reverentiam eīs dēbitam “patrēs” appellāvit. Plēbem in trīgintā cūriās distribuit, eāsque mulierum raptārum nōminibus appellāvit. Annō rēgnī trīcēsimō septimō, dum exercitum lūstrat, repentes inter violentissimam tempestātem oculīs hominum sub- ductus est. Hinc aliī eum ā senātōribus interfectum esse, aliīī ad deōs sublātum esse exīstimāvērunt.

1. dē-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus, write doun, divide, distribute. legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus, choose, appoint. 2. cum .... tum, not only .. . but also. aetās, -ātis, f., age. 3. patrēs: This is in explanation of the origin of the term used by speakers in addressing the senate, viz., patrēs or patrēs cōnscrīptī. Throughout the monarchy the senate acted merely as an advisory council to the king. The noble families from which senators, magistrates and priests could be ap- pointed were called 4atrician, i.e., they had the rank of the patrēs. cūria, -ae, f., curia. Each curia was made up of several families, bound together by common religious rites and serving as a unit in war. They were given the names of the Sabine women out of gratitude for their heroic interposition in the battle, which — as we have seen — resulted in the union of the two peoples. s. trīcēsimus, -a, -um, (trīgintā], thirtieth. lūstrō, -āre, reviev. 6. oculīs, not abl., but Dative of Separation, used with verbs of taking away, especially com- pounds of ab, dē, ex, ad and sub. 8. ad deōs sublātum esse: This rumor, that he had been carried up to the gods by his father Mars, was confirmed by Iulius Proculus, who claimed that Romulus in majestic form had appeared to him, and commanded him to go and tell the people that Rome was destined to be the greatest city in the world, and that he would be their guardian god Quirinus.

138 Easy Latin

Numa Pompilius, the lawgiver

Post Rōmulī mortem ūnīus annī interrēgnum fuit. Deinde Numa Pompilius, quī in urbe Curibus habitābat, rēx creātus est. Hīc vir bellum quidem nūllum gessit; nec minus tamen cīvitātī prōfuit. Nam et lēgēs dedit, et sacra

s plūrima īnstituit, ut populī barbarī et bellicōsī mōrēs mol- līret. Omnia autem, quae faciēbat, sē nymphae FĒgeriae, coniugis suae, iussū facere dīcēbat. Morbō dēcessit quad- rāgēsimō tertiō imperī annō.

Form English derivatives from:

dēscrīpsit, ē-lēgit, reverentiam, dēbitam, distribuit, violen- tissimam, tempestātem, nūllum, bellicōsī, mōrēs, mollīret, iussū, morbō, dēcessit.

Respondē:

1. Cūr senātōrēs sunt appellātī “patrēs”? 2. In quot cūriās plēbs distribūta est? 3. Quam ob rem cūriae mulierum nōmi- nibus appellātae sunt? 4. Quot annōs rēgnāvit Rōmulus?

2. Quō modo dēcessit? 6. Quis per interrēgnum cīvitātem regēbat? 7. Quis Rōmulō successit? 8. Erat-ne Numa sim- ilis Rōmulō? 9. Quō modo Numa cīvitātī prōfuit? r10. Cuius iussū Numa sē omnia facere dīcēbat? 11. Quot annōs rēgnāvit Numave

3. ūnīus, gen. of the num. adj. ūnus. inter-rēgnum: Upon the death of a king there was an interregnum, during which the senate exercised regal authority, each senator in turn ruling for five days until the elec- tion of a new king. 2. Curēs, -ium, f., Cures, a Sabine town twenty- five miles northeast of Rome. Numa was so renowned for his justice and piety that he was elected king in spite of being a Sabine, living at some distance from Rome. 3. quidem, adv., indeed 4. prō- sum, prōd-esse, prō-fuī, —, benefit. 5. molliō, -īre, soften, civilize.

4. Ēgeria, -ae, f., Egeria, a fountain nymph with the gift of prophecy, from whom Numa obtained advice on matters of state. 7. morbus, -ī, m., disease. 8. quadrāgēsimus, -a, -um, [quadrāgintāl, fortieth

Roman History 139

Tullus Hostilius; the Horotii and the Curiatii

Numae successit Tullus Hostīlius, cuius avus sē in bellō adversus Sabīnōs fortem et strēnuum virum praestiterat. Rēx creātus Albānīs bellum indīxit. Tum forte in utrōque

THE SO0-CALLED TOMB OF THE HORATII AND CURIATII

This is situated at Albano, south of Rome, near where the fight probably took place.

exercitū erant trigeminī frātrēs, et aetāte et vīribus parēs. Trēs Horātiī erant Rōmānī; trēs Cūriātiī, Albānī. Inters duōs populōs foedus ictum est eīs lēgibus, ut Horātiī cum Cūriātiīs ferrō dīmicārent atque id certāmen bellum fīnīret.

1. in bellō adversus Sabīnōs: during the reign of Romulus. Tullus Hostilius evidently inherited a taste for war from his grand- father, for he waged incessant war with the neighboring peoples.
2. prae-stō, -āre, -stitī, -stitus, show. 3. in-dīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictus, declare. 4. tri-geminus, -a, -um, [trēsl, three (born at one birth). pār, paris, equal. 6. lēx, lēgis, f., law, condition. 7. id certāmen bellum 140 Easy Latin

Duo exercitūs utrimque prō castrīs cōnsīdunt. Inde trigeminī arma capiunt et in medium inter duās aciēs prō- 10 cēdunt. Signum datur et ternī iuvenēs micantibus gladiīs concurrunt. Prīmō concursū duo Horātiī exspīrantēs cadunt, quam ob rem Albānī magnō gaudiō conclāmant. Forte tertius Horātius erat integer, sed trēs Cūriātiī vul- neribus erant tardī. Itaque Horātius, ut trēs hostēs dis- 15 traheret, fugam capit. Iam aliquantum spatī aufūgerat ubi re-spiciēns videt ūnum haud procul ab sēsē abesse. In eum magnō impetū redit et eum facile superat. Tum alterum hostem caedit priusquam eī frāter auxilium ferre potest. Manet tertius; sed ille, cursū et vulnere fessus, s0facile ab Horātiō interficitur. Tum Rōmānī ovantēs Horātium accipiunt et domum dēdūcunt. Tullus Hostīlius propter Mettī Fūfetī perfidiam Albam

fīnīret, i.e., the two sets of brothers were to fight as representatives of the two peoples, and the result of their battle would determine which people should be declared victors in the war. Other instances of such fighting between the champions of two armies occur in the early history of many nations, but it is usually in the form of a duel (between two men). Cf. David and Goliath. 9. aciēs, -ēī, f., line of battle. 10. ternī, -ae, -a, three each. micāns, -antis, micōl, flashing. 13. in- teger, -gra, -grum, untouched. 14. distrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus, draw apart. 15. ali-quantum, -ī, n., lalius], considerable. 20. ovō, -āre, rejoice. 22. Mettius Fufetius was dictator of Alba. After the com- bat between the Horatii and the Curiatii the Alban army returned home. Presently Tullus became involved in another war and sum- moned the Alban army to his aid. It came; but in the battle that ensued Mettius Fufetius withheld his army until the Romans came off victorious, and then calmly congratulated Tullus on his well-earned success. For this treacherous act Tullus ordered his body to be torn asunder by four chariots in the presence of both armies. Furthermore he utterly destroyed Alba Longa and removed the people to Rome.

Hereafter the acc. pl. of masc. and fem. -i stems will end in -ēs.

Roman History 14ī

dī-ruit. Postquam trīgintā duōs annōs rēgnāvit, fulmine ictus cum domō suā ārsit.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

distract, par, ovation, medium, ruin, respect, integer, stren- uous, tardy, concur, legislate, arson, expire.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat tertius rēx Rōmae? 2. Quibus prīmum bellum indīxit? 3. Quī erant Horātiī et Cūriātiī? 4. Quāle foedus inter duōs populōs ictum est? 5. Quid prīmō concursū frātrum accidit? 6. Cūr tertius Horātius fugam cēpit? 7. Quō modo trēs hostēs superāvit? 8S. Cūr Tullus Albam Longam dīruit?
2. Quot annōs rēgnāvit? ro0. Quālis rēx erat Tullus Hostīlius?

Ancus Marcius

Post hunc Ancus Mārcius, Numae ex fīliā nepōs, sus- cēpit imperium. Hīc vir aequitāte et religiōne avō similis, Latīnōs bellō domuit, urbem ampliāvit, et eī nova moenia circumdedit. Carcerem prīmus aedificāvit. Ad Tiberis ōstia urbem condidit, ōstiamque vocāvit. Vīcēsimō quārtōs annō imperī morbō obiit.

23. fulmine ictus: Toward the last Tullus fell sick, and in great alarm proclaimed sacrifices to the gods. But they were not performed with proper ceremony, and Jupiter in anger slew him with a thunder- bolt.

24. nepōs, -ōtis, m., grandson. 2. aequitās, -ātis, f., laequus], justice. 3. ampliō, -āre, [amplus], enlarge. 4. carcer, -is, m., prison; the famous Mamertine prison on the north side of the Forum. The church now standing above it is called San Pietro in Carcere, because St. Peter was confined in the prison by the emperor Nero. Ad Tiberis ōstia: sixteen miles from Rome. Otstia became a flourish- ing seaport. 6. ob-eō, īre, -iī, -itus, die.

142 Easy Latin

Tarquinius Priscus, a foreigner, secures the throne of Rome Deinde rēgnum Lūcius Tarquinius Prīscus accēpit, fīlius Dēmarātī, quī tyrannōs patriae Corinthī fugiēns in Etrūriam vēnerat. Ipse Tarquinius, quī nōmen ab urbe

RUINS OF CORINTH

At the back is the ancient citadel, Ācrocorinth.

Tarquiniīs accēpit, aliquandō ad urbem Rōmam profectus s erat. Dum ad urbem appropinquat, aquila eī pilleum

2. tyrannus, -i, m., “tyrant.”” At about this time many cities in Greece were under the absolute rule of a man who had seized the government by force. Such rulers, whether they ruled mildly or despotically, were called tyrannī. 4. Tarquiniī, -ōrum, m., Tar- quinii, a city forty-five miles northwest of Rome. Tarquinius, whose name originally was Lucumo, inherited great wealth from his father and married Tanaquil, an Etruscan lady of high rank. Neverthe- less he was despised as a foreigner, and finally by the advice of his wife he moved to Rome. pro-ficīscor, -ī, -fectus, [prō-ficiō], set out.
3. aquila, -ae, f., eagle. eī, Dative of Separation with au-ferō. See Roman History 143

abstulit, et postquam altē ē-volāvit, capitī aptē re-posuit. Hinc Tanaquil coniux, mulier auguriōrum perīta, rēgnum eī portendī intellēxit.

Dum in urbe commorātur, Ancī rēgis familiāritātem cōnsecūtus est, quī eum fīliōrum suōrum tūtōrem relīquit. 1o

THE MAMERTINE PRISON

Sed is pūpillīs rēgnum intercēpit. Senātōribus, quōs Rōm- ulus creāverat, centum aliōs addidit, quī “patrēs minōrum

note on oculīs, p. 137, l. 6. pilleus, -ī, m., (a cone-shaped felt) cap. 6. aptē, adv., (aptus], neatly. 7. augurium, -, n., divination, augury. perītus, -a, -um, skilled. 9. com-moror, -ārī, -ātus, delay. familiāritās, -ātis, f., [familia], intimacy. 10. cōn-sequor, -ī, -secūtus, follow up; acquire. 11. pūpillīs: what use of the dative? inter- cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus, seize (by the way). 12. patrēs minōrum 144 Easy Latin

gentium” sunt appellātī. Plūra bella fēlīciter gessit, ac multōs agrōs, hostibus adēmptōs, urbis territōriō adiūnxit. 15s Prīmus triumphāns urbem intrāvit. Cloācās fēcit; Capi-

Via SAXCRA

The Via Sacra ran south through the Forum, and passed out through the Arch of Titus, as we see it here.

gentium: probably of influential plebeian families, which by this act were raised to the patrician rank. 14. ad-imō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptus, [emō], take (to oneself), take away. 15. triumphō, -āre, celebrate a triumph. This was the occasion of a magnificent procession, which escorted the victorious general, riding in a four-horsed chariot, along the Via Sacra through the Forum to the Temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline hill. Before him marched the senate and magistrates, the musicians, the captives, and men bearing the spoils of war. Be- hind him came his entire army in marching order. At the temple a sacrifice was performed and an offering of the spoils was made to Jupiter. r5. cloācās fēcit: the sewers that drained the lower parts of the city, of which the largest, the Cloāca Maxima, emptying into the Tiber, is still in use. Capitōlium: the temple on the Capitoline hill. Roman History 145

tōlium incohāvit. Trīcēsimō octāvō imperī annō per Ancī fīliōs, quibus rēgnum ēripuerat, occīsus est.

Form English derivatives from:

aequitāte, religiōne, similis, ampliāvit, carcerem, obiit, ac- cēpit, tyrannōs, aptē, reposuit, portendī, intellēxit, cōnsecūtus, tūtōrem, pūpillīs, intercēpit, addidit, territōriō, adiūnxit, trium- phāns.

Respondē:

1. Quis Tullō Hostīliō successit? 2. Quālis vir erat Ancus Mārcius? 3. Quae in suō imperiō effēcit? 4. Cūr Dēmarā- tus ē Graeciā excessit? s. Unde Tarquinius nōmen accēpit?
2. Dum Tarquinius ad urbem Rōmam appropinquat, quid accidit? 7. Quō modo Tanaquil id portentum interpretāta est? 8. Quō modo Tarquinius rēgnum obtinuit? 9. Quae opera urbāna incohāvit? 10. Quō modo obiit?

Servius Tullius; the census. Murder of the king

Post hunc Servius Tullius suscēpit imperium, genitus ex nōbilī fēminā, captīvā tamen et famulā Cum in domō Tarquinī Prīscī ēducārētur, flamma in eius capite vīsa est. Hōc prōdigiō Tanaquil eī summam dignitātem portendī intellēxit, et coniugī persuāsit, ut eum sīcutī līberōs suōss ēducāret. Cum adolēvisset, rēx eī fīliam in mātrimōnium dedit.

Cum Prīscus Tarquinius occīsus esset, Tanaquil dē su- periōre parte domūs populum allocūta est, dīcēns, rēgem

16. incohō, -āre, begin.

17. gignō, -ere, genuī, genitus, give birth to; pass., be born.

18. famula, -ae, f., maid-servant. cum, conj., when; in temporal clauses referring to the past, cum is followed by the imperfect or plu- perfect subjunctive to denote the circumstances under which the action took place. 4. prōdigium, -ī, n., omen, portent. 5. sīc-utī, adv., just as. 9. al-loquor, ī, -locūtus, ladl], speak to.

146 Easy Latin

r0 grave quidem sed nōn lētāle vulnus accēpisse; eum petere, ut populus, dum convaluisset, Serviō Tulliō oboedīret. Sīc Servius rēgnāre coepit, sed bene imperium adminis- trāvit. Montēs trēs urbī adiūnxit. Prīmus omnium cēn- sum ōrdināvit. Sub eō Rōma habuit capitum octōgintā 1s tria mīlia cīvium Rōmānōrum cum hīs, quī in agrīs erant. Hīc rēx interfectus est scelere fīliae Tulliae et Tarquinī Superbī, fīlī eius rēgis, cui Servius successerat. Nam ab ipsō Tarquiniō dē gradibus cūriae dēiectus, cum domum fugeret, interfectus est. Tullia in Forum properāvit, et 20 prīma coniugem rēgem salūtāvit. Cum domum redīret, aurīgam super patris corpus in viā iacēns carpentum agere iussit.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

dignity, obedient, grade, noble, census, genitive, dejected, loquacious, salute, prodigy, administer, ad-jacent, persuade, ordain, convalescent.

Respondē:

1. Erat-ne Tanaquil Servī Tullī māter? 2. Cūr Tanaquil rēgī persuāsit ut Servium Tullium sīcutī līberōs suōs ēducāret?

r0. lētālis, -e, [lētum, death], fatal. 11. dum, conj., until; with the subjunctive to denote anticipation. con-valēscō, -ere, -valuī, —, [valeō], recover. ob-oediō, īre, laudiō], give ear, obey. 13. Montēs trēs: the Caelian, Esquiline, and Viminal hills. These with the Pala- tine, Capitoline, Aventine, and Quirinal, which had been previously occupied, made up the famous “seven hills” of Rome. The wall, which Servius Tullius is said to have built around these hills, inclosed an area of about two square miles. cēnsus, -ūs, m., census, a registration of the citizens and their property by the censors. 14. ōrdinō, -āre, [ōrdōl, arrange, appoint, establish. 18. gradus, -ūs, m., step. 19. properō, -āre, hasten. 21. carpentum, -ī, n., (two- wheeled, covered) carriage.

Roman History 147

3. Quem Servius Tullius in mātrimōnium dūxit? 4. Quid Tanaquil dē rēgis morte populō dīxit? s5. Quot montēs erant in urbe Rōmā? 6. Quot cīvēs Rōma sub Serviō Tulliō habuit?
4. Quis rēgem interfēcit? S. Quod scelus dētestābile Tullia fēcit?

1

2 1 14 it 5 I 2 P r M eaen m 124

nS—S b.īt.m

A RESTORATION OF THE FORUM This view looks toward the Capitoline hill, on which at the left may be seen the Temple of Jupiter.

Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last king; his banishment

Tarquinius Superbus cognōmen mōribus meruit. Bellō tamen strēnuus plūrēs fīnitimōrum populōrum vīcit. Templum Iovis in Capitōliō aedificāvit.

Posteā, dum Ardeam oppugnat, urbem Latī, imperium

I. superbus, -a, -um, [super, over], over-bearing. mōs, mēris, m., custom; pl., conduct, character. mereō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, deserve. 2. plūrēs fīnitimōrum populōrum vīcit: Through these conquests Rome became the head of the thirty cities that formed the Latin League. 3. Templum Iovis... aedificāvit, i.e., he finished the temple which his father began to build. 4. Ardea, -ae, f., Ardea, 148 Easy Latin

s perdidit. Nam cum eius fīlius Lucrētiae, nōbilissimae fēminae, coniugī Tarquinī Collātīnī, vim fēcisset, haec ipsa sē occīdit in cōnspectū marītī, patris, et amīcōrum, post- quam eōs obtestāta est, ut hanc iniūriam ulcīscerentur.

Hanc ob causam L. Brūtus, Collātīnus, aliīque nōn-

10 nūllī in exitium rēgis coniūrāvērunt, populōque persuāsē- runt, ut eī portās urbis clauderet. Exercitus quoque, quī Ardeam cum rēge oppugnābat, eum relīquit. Fūgit igitur cum uxōre et līberīs suīs. Ita in urbe Rōmā rēgnātum est per septem rēgēs annōs ducentōs quadrāgintā trēs.

Form English derivatives from:

superbus, mōribus, meruit, perdidit, iniūriam, exitium, con- iūrāvērunt, clauderet, rēgnātum.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat pater Tarquinī Superbī? 2. Quālis rēx erat Tarquinius Superbus? 3. Gessit-ne multa bella? 4. Quō modo Gabiōs cēpit? 5. Quō modo in urbe plēbem exercēbat?
2. Quis erat Lucrētia? 7. Quō modo Lucrētia mortua est?
3. Quī in rēgem coniūrāvērunt? g9. Quid populō persuāsērunt ut faceret? r0. Erat-ne exercitus rēgī fidēlis? r1. Quid fēcit Tarquinius? 12. Quot rēgēs in urbe Rōmā rēgnāvērunt?

a town twenty miles south of Rome. s. per-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, lose. eius fīlius: Sextus Tarquinius, who previously had helped the king to capture Gabii. 6. Tarquinius Collātīnus: Sextus’ cousin. His father, after the conquest of Collatia by Tarquinius Priscus, had been made governor of the town. Hence the family surname Col- latinus. 8S. ob-testor, -ārī, -ātus, [testis], call as uwitness, implore. ulcīscor, -ī, ultus, avenge. 9. nōn-nūllī, -ae, -a, (not none), some, several. 10. ex-itium, -ī, n., leōl, destruction, death. con-iūrō, -ēāre, liūs], swear together, conspire. r1. claudō, -ere, clausī, clausus, shut.

Roman History 149

Rome becomes a republic; the first consuls; war with Tarquinius

Tarquiniō expulsō, duo cōnsulēs prō ūnō rēge creārī coeptī sunt ut, sī ūnus malus esset, alter eum coercēret. Eīs annuum imperium tribūtum est, nē per diūturnitātem potestātis īnsolentiōrēs redderentur. Fuērunt igitur annō prīmō, expulsīs rēgibus, cōnsulēs L. Iūnius Brūtus, ācerri- s mus lībertātis vindex, et Tarquinius Collātīnus, marītus Lucrētiae. Sed Collātīnō paulō post dignitās sublāta est. Placuerat enim, nē quis ex Tarquiniōrum familiā Rōmae

1. duo cōnsulēs: At first the consuls exercised the authority of a king. In the city they ruled alternately for a month; in the army for a day. Each had the right to veto the act of the other. In the course of time much of their power was taken from them by the creation of new magistracies. creārī coeptī sunt: with a passive infinitive the passive form of coepī is preferred. 2. co-erceō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, [arceō, keep offl, check, restrain. 3. tribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, grant, bestow. nē, conj., that... not, lest; used in negative purpose clauses with the subj. diūturnitās, -ātis, f., [diūl], long duration. 4. po- testās, -ātis, f., potis, able], power. red-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, [re-], render. annō prīmō: the traditional date was 509 B.C.
2. L. Iūnius Brūtus: see Lessons 21 and 22. He had seen his father and brother slain by order of Tarquin, and in order to avert a similar fate had feigned to be stupid. (Hence his surname Brūtus, dull, stupid.) But from the time of Lucretia’s death he showed himself in his true colors and was the leader in the rebellion against the tyrant.
3. vindex, -icis, m., defender. 7. Collātīnō: what use of the dative? paulō post: a conspiracy to restore Tarquin to the throne had been formed at Rome, but it was discovered and all who took part in it were put to death. Among the conspirators were the two sons of Brutus, but the father’s stern sense of justice would not allow him to make any effort to save them. Thnis plot caused so much alarm that every member of the Tarquin family was forthwith banished from Rome. S. placeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, please; often used, as here, impersonally, placet, it is resolved. nē quis, that no one. Rōmae, locative, at Rome.

150 Easy Latin

manēret. Ergō cum omnī patrimōniō suō ex urbe mi- 10 grāvit, et in eius locum Valerius Pūblicola cōnsul factus est.

Commōvit bellum urbī rēx Tarquinius. In prīmā pugnā Brūtus cōnsul et Arrūns, Tarquinī fīlius, sēsē invicem oc- cīdērunt. Rōmānī tamen ex eā pugnā victōrēs discessērunt.

15s Brūtum, quasi commūnem patrem, Rōmānae mātrōnae per annum lūxērunt. Valerius Pūblicola Sp. Lucrētium, Lucrētiae patrem, collēgam sibi fēcit; quī cum morbō exstīnctus esset, Horātium Pulvīllum sibi collēgam sūmpisit. Ita prīmus annus quīnque cōnsulēs habuit.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

annual, colleague, vindicator, malice, common, expulsion, as-sume, render, matron, coerce, patrimony, create, insolent, com-placent, tribute, dignity, migrate.

Respondē:

1. Cūr erant duo cōnsulēs Rōmae? 2. Quot annōs cōnsul cīvitātem regēbat? 3. Quī fuērunt prīmī cōnsulēs? 4. Cūr Collātīnus ex urbe migrāvit? s5. Quis prō Collātīnō cōnsul factus est? 6. Cūr Brūtus in pugnā mortem petiit? 7. Quot cōnsulēs prīmus annus habuit?

2. ergō, adv., therefore. migrāvit: he settled in Lavinium.

3. Valerius Pūblicola was made consul for his valuable services in the rebellion. 12. Commōvit bellum... Tarquinius: he secured an army with the aid of the people of Tarquinii and Veii. 13. in-vicem, adv., in turn; sēsē invicem, each other. After the death of his sons Brutus longed to die himself. The opportunity to die nobly defending his country presented itself in this battle. So fierce was the onset of the two warriors that both fell instantly each pierced to the heart by the other’s weapon. r16. lugeō, -ēre, lūxī, lūctus, mourn.

Roman History 151

War with Porsena, king of the Etruscans

Secundō quoque annō iterum Tarquinius Rōmānīs bellum intulit, Porsenā, rēge Etrūscōrum, auxilium eī fe- rente. In illō bellō Horātius Cocles sōlus pontem ligneum

dēfendit et hostēs cohibuit, dōnec pōns ā tergō ruptus

TuscUuLUM. RUINS OF THE THEATER

est. Tum sē cum armīs in Tiberim coniēcit et ad suōss trānāvit.

Dum Porsena urbem obsidet, C. Mūcius Scaevola, iuvenis fortis animī, in hostis castra sē contulit eō cōnsiliō, ut rēgem occīderet. At ibi scrībam rēgis prō ipsō rēge interfēcit. Tum ā rēgis satellitibus comprehēnsus et ad ro

2. Porsena: see Lesson 23. 4. co-hibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, [habeō], hold, keep back. dōēnec, conj., until. ā tergō, behind him. rumpō, -ere, rūpī, ruptus, break, destroy. s. suōs, his (men). 8. sē cōn- I152 Easy Latin

rēgem dēductus, cum Porsena eum īgnibus allātīs terrēret, dextram ārae accēnsae imposuit, dōnec flammīs cōnsūmpta est. Hōc facinus rēx mīrātus iuvenem dīmīsit incolu- mem. Tum hīc quasi beneficium referēns ait, trecentōs

15 aliōs iuvenēs in eum coniūrāvisse. Hāc rē territus Porsena pācem cum Rōmānīs fēcit. Tarquinius autem Tusculum sē contulit, ibique prīvātus cum uxōre cōnsenuit.

Form English derivatives from:

dēfendit, pro-hibuit, ruptus, scrībam, satellitibus, imposuit, cōnsūmpta, mīrātus, dīmīsit, beneficium, referēns, prīvātus.

Respondē:

1. Quandō Tarquinius iterum Rōmānīs bellum intulit?
2. Quis eī auxilium tulit? 3. Quō modo Horātius Cocles cīvitātem servāvit? 4. Cūr C. Mūcius in Porsenae castra sē contulit? 5. Quid accidit? 6. Quō modo Mūcius Porsenae ostendit sē esse fortissimum? 7. Cūr Porsena pācem cum Rōmānīs fēcit? 8. Ā quō Tarquinius posteā auxilium petiit?
3. In quō proeliō Latīnī superātī sunt?

ferre, betake oneself, proceed. r1. af-ferō, -ferre, at-tulī, al-lātus, lad], bring (to0). 15. facinus, -oris, n., [faciō], deed. mīror, -āri, -ātus, wonder at, admire. 14. aiō, ais, ait, aiunt; aiēbam, defective verb, say. 16. Tarquinius ... cōnsenuit: Tarquin made a third attempt to recover his throne, this time with the aid of his son-in-law, Octavius Mamilius. See Lessons 31 and 32. Tusculum, -ī, n., Tusculum; acc. of Limit of Motion. With names of towns the usual prep., ad or in, is omitted. Tusculum was a mountain town about fifteen miles southeast of Rome. By reason of its lofty situation and the beauty of its scenery it eventually became a favorite summer resort for wealthy Romans. 17. cōn-senēscō, -ere, -senuī, —, [senex, old], grow old. :

Roman History I153

The first secession of the plebs

Sextō decimō annō post rēgēs exāctōs, populus Rōmae sēditiōnem fēcit, quod tribūtīs et mīlitiā ā senātū exhau- riēbātur. Magna pars plēbis urbem relīquit, et in montem trāns Aniēnem amnem sēcessit. Tum patrēs turbātī Menēnium Agrippam mīsērunt ad plēbem, quī eam senātuīs conciliāret. Hīc eīs inter alia fābulam nārrāvit dē ventre et membrīs hūmānī corporis; quā populus sīc commōtus est, ut in urbem redīret. Tum prīmum tribūnī plēbis

1. ex-igō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus, lagōl, drive out, expel. Rēōmae, locative. 2. sēditiō, -ēōnis, f., [sēd, apart H eō], rebellion. tribūtum, -Aī, n., stated payment, e.g., for rent or taxes. mīlitia, -ae, f., [mīles], military service. The condition of the plebeians at this time was pitiable. By exacting excessive land-rents and requiring constant military service from them, the patricians had reduced them almost to the state of serfs. They were supposed to have the rights of citizen- ship, but they were excluded from the Senate and from every political officc. Most of all, they could not even secure common jjustice through the laws. Their only recourse was to withdraw from Rome and build another city for themselves. ex-hauriō, -īre, -hausī, -haustus, (draw out), exhaust, impoverish. 3. in montem: the Mōns Sacer, four miles northeast of Rome. 4. Aniō, -ēnis, m., the Anio, a tributary of the Tiber. amnis, -is, m., river. 5. quī.. conciliāret, relative clause expressing purpose. 6. fābulam: The story in brief was this: “Once upon a time the members of the body became dissatisfied because, as it seemed to them, they did all the work, while the belly did none. Finally they ceased to work. But they soon found out that this only served to weaken them.” venter, -tris, m., belly. 8. tribūnus, -ī, m., tribune; tribūnī plēbis, tribunes of the people. At first there were only two tribunes, but theīr number was gradually increased to ten. They were of course plebeians, and in order to be always accessible, their houses were open day and night, and they were not allowed to. be absent from the city for twenty-four hours. Their chief duty was to protect

154 Easy Latin

creātī sunt, quī plēbem adversum nōbilitātis superbiam 10 dēfenderent.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

exhaust, member, sextette, conciliate, tribune, exacting, nobility, militia, decimal, secede, tribute, fabulous, sedition.

Respondē:

1. Cūr plēbs sēditiōnem fēcit? 2. In quem montem plēbs sēcessit? 3. In quem amnem Aniō īnflūxit? 4. Quis missus est ut plēbem conciliāret? s5. Quō modo plēbī persuāsit ut in urbem redīret? 6. Quot tribūnī plēbis creātī sunt? 7. Quid erat praecipuum officium tribūnī plēbis?

Coriolanus and the Volsci

Octāvō decimō annō pest exāctōs rēgēs, C. Mārcius, dictus Coriolānus ab urbe Volscōrum Coriolīs, quam bellō

the plebeians. They could fine, imprison, or even put to death any one who interfered with them in the discharge of their duties. Their persons were held sacred. In time they acquired the right to veto the act of any magistrate.

This was the first concession made to the plebeians by the patricians. It marked the beginning of a fierce struggle which raged between the two orders for more than two hundred years. One by one the politi- cal offices were thrown open to the plebeians until at last in 287 B.C. they secured full equality with the patricians.

1. Octāvō decimō annō, i.e., 492 B.C. Rome had lost the territory and prestige she had gained under the Tarquins, and now had to fight for her very existence against the enemies that threatened her on every side. North of the Tiber were the powerful Etruscans. To the east were the Sabines and the Aequians, and to the south the Volscians, three fierce tribes of highlanders that were constantly swooping down from the mountains to pillage and plunder the peoples of the plains. Many a time it looked as though the Romans must surely be overwhelmed, but they never gave up. It took them fully

Roman History 155

cēperat, plēbī invīsus factus est. Quā rē urbe expulsus ad Volscōs, ācerrimōs Rōmānōrum hostēs, contendit, et ab eīs

Rōmānōs saepe vīcit. Iam ūsque ad quīntum mīliārium urbis acces- serat, nec ūllīs cīvium suōrum lēgātiōnibus flectī poterat, ut patriae parceret. Dēnique Vet- uria māter et Volumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum vēnērunt; quārum flētū

one hundred years to beat back and finally subdue the foes around them. C. Mār- cius received his surname for his heroism in the capture of Corioli. He was a haughty patrician who despised the plebs. When a famine arose in Rome and a ship laden with provisions had arrived from Sicily, he opposed the distribution of grain among the plebeians, unless they gave up their right to have tribunes. For this he was exiled from Rome. 2. Coriolī, -ōrum, m., Corioli, a Volscian town about sixteen miles southeast of Rome. 7. quīntus, -a, -um, [quīnquel, fifth. 8. mīliārium, -ī, n., (mīlle], milestone. In later times all the military roads were marked with milestones. In the Forum the emperor Augustus set up a gilded milestone, (mīliārium aureum), which was regarded as the center of the Roman Empire. 11. flectō, -ere, flexī, flexus, bend, influence. 12. parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsus, (be sparing to), spare; with dat. vVeturia and Volumnia marched to the camp at the head of a procession of noble Roman matrons. r5. flētus, -ūs, m.,

Aucusrus

dux exercitūs factuss

L2

-4

ō

5 156 Easy Latin

et precibus commōtus est, ut exercitum removēret. Quō factō, ā Volscīs ut prōditor occīsus esse dīcitur.

Form English derivatives from: quīntum, lēgātiōnibus, flectī, parsus, removēret.

Respondē:

1. Erat-ne C. Mārcius homō plēbēius? 2. Quam ob rem cognōmen Coriolānum accēpit? 3. Cūr plēbī invīsus factus est? 4. Cum urbe expulsus esset, cūr ad Volscōs contendit?
2. Vīcērunt-ne Rōmānōs Volscī, duce Coriolānō? 6. Quī ā Coriolānō petīvērunt ut patriae parceret? 17. Quibus dēnique cessit Coriolānus? S8. Quid mātrī exclāmāvit? 9. Quid eī accidit?

Cincinnatus is summoned from his farm to be dictator

Annō quīnquāgēsimō secundō post rēgēs exāctōs, cum exercitus Rōmānus in Algidō monte ab Aequīs obsidērētur, senātuī placuit ut L. Quīnctius Cincinnātus dictātor dīcerētur. Is tum trāns Tiberim agrum quattuor iūgerum

s manibus suīs colēbat. Ibi, cum arāret, ab lēgātīs inventus est, quī rogāvērunt ut senātūs mandāta audīret. Maximē admīrātus, uxōrem ē tuguriō togam prōferre iubet. Deinde,

[fleō, weepl, weeping. 16. commōtus est: In yielding, Coriolanus ex- claimed, ‘“OCh, mother, thou hast saved Rome, but thou hast ruined thy son!” r7. ut, as. prōditor, -ōris, m., prēdōl, traitor.

2. Algidus, -ī, m., lalgeō, be cold], Algidus, a snow-capped moun- tain seventeen miles southeast of Rome. It formed a part of the Alban Mt. DOn its forest-covered side the Roman army, led by an incompetent consul, was now held surrounded by the Aequians.
3. Cincinnātus, -ī, m., [cincinnus, curly hair], Cincinnatus, a patrician, who had been consul two years before. dictātor: see note on dictātor in Lesson 31. 4. iūgerum, -ī, (gen. pl., iūgerum), n., ī of an acre. 7. tugurium, -ī, n., Itegōl, cottage.

Roman History I157

pulvere ac sūdōre abstersō, togātus ad lēgātos prōcēdit, quī eum dictātōrem cōnsalūtant.

Proximā nocte Cincinnātus ad Algidum montem exerci- tum dūcit atque ipse hostem obsidet. Paulisper Aequī ancipitī proeliō pugnant, sed brevī tempore, omnī spē dē- positā, pācem petunt. Eōs Cincinnātus sub iugum mīsit. Sextō decimō diē postquam togam praetextam accēpit, dictātūrā sē abdicāvit atque ad agrum suum rediit.

Appius Claudius and Virginia

Annō trecentēsimō et alterō ab urbe conditā decem- virī creātī sunt, quī cīvitātī lēgēs scrīberent. Hī prīmō annō bene ēgērunt; secundō autem dominātiōnem exercēre coepērunt. Sed cum ūnus eōrum Appius Claudius virginem ingenuam, Verginiam, Verginī centuriōnis fīliam, corrum-

S. pulvis, -eris, m., dust. sūdor, -ōris, m., sweat. abstergeō, -ēre, -tersī, -tersus, wipe off. 9. cōn-salūtō, -āre, hail. 12. an-ceps, -itis, [an = ambo, both H caput], two-headed; anceps proelium, batile on tuo fronts. 13. iugum, -ī, n., liungōl, yoke; in sending a conquered army under the “yoke,” two upright spears were fixed in the ground and a third was laid across them so low that each soldier would have to stoop in order to pass under it. 14. prae-textus, -a, -um, prae- texō, weave in frontl, bordered; toga praetexta, a purple-bordered toga, worn only by the higher magistrates and the dictator. r5. ab- dicō, -āre, deny, refuse; sē abdicāre, resign. 16. ab urbe conditā, from the founding of the city, often abbreviated to a.u.c. decem- virī, a board of ten men with consular power, elected to write the hitherto unwritten laws. 17. prīmō annō: In the first year the decemvirs drew up ten laws; in the second they added two more. These twelve Tables of the Law were engraved and set up in the Forum. The decemvirs were then expected to resign. But they refused to do so, and acted as though they intended to keep the gov- ernment in their own hands permanently. 20. ingenuus, -a, -um, [gignōl, free-born. Verginiam, Verginī: The daughter often took the feminine form of the father’s name. centuriō, -ōnis, m., [centuria],

158 Easy Latin

pere vellet, pater eam occīdit. Tum ad mīlitēs profūgit, eōsque ad sēditiōnem commōvit. Sublāta est decemvirīs potestās, ipsīque omnēs aut morte aut exsiliō pūnītī sunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

pulverize, century, culture, abdicate, arable, ingenuous, Cincinnati, proffer, domination, mandate, corrupt, admiration, ap-proximate.

Respondē:

1. Ubi Aequī exercitum Rōmānum obsēdērunt? 2. Quis dictātor dictus est? 3. Ubi lēgātī Cincinnātum invēnērunt?
2. Quid faciēbat? 5. Quid uxōrem facere iussit? 6. Quid dictātor Aeqūos victōs facere coēgit? 7. Quot diēs erat Cin- cinnātus dictātor? 8. Cūr decemvirī creātī sunt? g9. Cūr Verginius fīliam suam occīdit? ro. Quō plēbs sēcessit?
3. Quibus condiciōnibus plēbs ad urbem rediit?

Camillus, Pater patriae

In bellō contrā Vēientānōs M. Fūrius Camillus urbem Falēriōs obsidēbat. In quā obsidiōne cum lūdī litterāriī

centurion, captain of a century, a company of one hundred men. 21. pater eam occīdit: As the case was brought before Appius Clau- dius himself as judge, Virginius in despair seized a knife from a butcher and plunged it into his daughter’s breast. 22. ad sēditiōnem: The plebeians again seceded to the Mons Sacer, and it was not until the decemvirs had resigned and the tribunes had been restored, that they returned to Rome.

1. Vēientānus, -ī, m., [Vēiīl, inhabitant of Veii, Veientian. For the siege of Veii and its capture by Camillus in 396 B.C. see Lessons 43 and 44. Mārcus Fūrius Camillus, called by Livy “ the greatest of all generals,” was made dictator of Rome five times. 2. Falēriī, -ōrum, m., Falerii, an Etruscan city 28 miles north of Rome, which Camillus besieged after the capture of Veii. litterārius, -a, -um, [litteral, of reading and uriting; lūdus litterārius, elementary school; simple

Roman History 159

magister prīncipum fīliōs ex urbe in castra hostium dūxis- set, Camillus hōc dōnum nōn accēpit, sed scelestum homi- nem, manibus post tergum vinctīs, puerīs Falēriōs redūcen-s dum trādidit; virgāsque eīs dedit, quibus prōditōrem in urbem agerent. Hāc tantā animī nōbilitāte commōtī Faliscī urbem Rōmānīs trādidērunt. Ita Rōmam rediit Camillus īnsignis multō meliōre laude quam cum albī equī eum triumphantem per urbem vexerant. Nam hostēs ro iūstitiā fidēque vīcerat.

Camillō autem Rōmānī crīmen intulērunt, quod albīs equīs triumphāvisset, et praedam inīquē dīvīsisset. Ob eam causam damnātus et cīvitāte expulsus est.

Paulō post Gallī Senonēs ad urbem vēnērunt, apud flū-ss

arithmetic also was taught in these schools. 3. magister: probably a slave owned by one of the leading citizens (prīncipēs). Aslave taken in war was often far better educated than his master. Livy states that this particular teacher was in the habit of taking his pupils for a walk outside the city. This practice he continued even during the siege. 4. scelestus, -a, -um, scelus], infamous. s. Falēriōs; acc., Limit of Motion. Why is the prep. omitted? redūcendum, ger- undive (fut. pass. part.) of re-dūcō, agreeing with hominem, to be led back. 6. quibus (virgīs) ... agerent, rel. clause. Why is the subi. used rather than the indic.? S8. Faliscī, -ōrum, m., inhabitants of Falerii, Faliscans. 9. īn-signis, -e, [signuml, distinguished. maelior, -ius, -ōris, [comp. of bonus], better. cum ... vexerant: at the time of his triumph after the capture of Veii. r2. Camillō, dative. Be- sides Veii and Falerii, Camillus at this time conquered all of Southern EĒtruria as far as the Ciminian Forest. crīmen, -inis, n., accusa- tion. quod... dīvīsisset: causal clause with the subj., because a verb of saying is implied in crīmen, accusation. albīs equīs: by using white horses he made himself equal to Jupiter and Apollo. 13. praedam inīquē dīvīsisset. This probably was the chief reason for his unpopularity. r5. Gallī Senonēs: A powerful people of Cen- tral Gaul dwelling south of the Marne. Their capital city Agē-

160 Easy Latin

men Alliam Rōmānōs vīcērunt, et urbem etiam occu- pāvērunt. Iam nihil praeter Capitōlium dēfendī potuit. Et iam praesidium famē labōrābant, et in eō erant, ut

THE DYING GAUL A famous statue now in Rome.

dincum is now called Sens, a name derived from Senonēs. 16. Allia, -ae, f., the Allia, a small river flowing into the Tiber about twelve miles north of Rome. In this battle, 390 B.C., the Romans for the first time met barbarians, who rushed upon them vwith terrific yells and slashed right and left with enormous broadswords. It was a most disastrous defeat for the Romans. 17. Capitōlium: The Gauls climbed the hill at night and would have captured the citadel, had it not been for the cackling of the sacred geese in the temple of Juno, which awakened the garrison just in time. 18. praesidium, garrison, is a collective noun and therefore, as here, may take a plural verb. in eō erant, ut... emerent, were on the point of buying. The ran- som of rocc lbs. of gold was being weighed out in the Forum, when Brennus, the Gallic chieftain, angered by the complaints of the Ro- mans, threw his huge sword upon the scales and cried, “Vae victīs!” “Woe to the conquered!” It was at this very moment that Camillus, who had been recalled from exile, appeared with his army, drove the Gauls out of the city, and overwhelmingly defeated them in a Roman History 161

pācem ā Gallīs aurō emerent, cum Camillus cum manū mīlitum superveniēns hostēs magnō proeliō superāret.

Form English derivatives from:

litterāriī, redūcendum, trādidit, iūstitiā, crīmen, inīquē, dīvīsisset, famē, labōrābant.

Respondē:

1. Quō modo Camillus Vēiōs cēpit? 2. Quam urbem posteā obsēdit? 3. Cūr magister puerōs in Camillī castra dūxit? 4. Quid fēcit Camillus? s5. Cūr Rōmānī suum im- perātōrem maximum expulērunt? 6. Ubi habitābant Gallī Senonēs? 7. Ubi Gallī Rōmānōs vīcērunt? 8. Quam partem urbis Gallī occupāre nōn potuērunt? 9. Quis Rōmam ex eō perīculō servāvit?

Manlius Torquatus and Valerius Corvinus in single combat vith Gallic champions

Annō trecentēsimō nōnāgēsimō quārtō post urbem conditam Gallī iterum ad urbem accesserant, et quārtō mīliāriō trāns Aniēnem fluvium cōnsēderant. Contrā eōs missus est T. Quīnctius. Ibi Gallus quīdam eximiā cor-

20

poris magnitūdine fortissinum Rōmānōrum ad certāmens

singulāre prōvocāvit. T. Mānlius, nōbilissimus iuvenis, prōvocātiōnem accēpit, Gallum occīdit, eumque torque

battle which was fought a few miles outside of Rome. 20. super- veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus, come up, arrice.

1. Annō ... conditam: A.UC. 153 H 1 = 754 — 394 = 360 B.C. nōnāgēsimus, -a, -um, ninetieth. post urbem conditam = ab urbe conditā, 753 B.C. 4. T. Quīnctius Poenus, dictator for this war. ex-imius, -a, -um, [emō, takel, extraordinary. 6. singulāris, -e, [singulī, one by onel, single. 7. torquis, -is, m., [torqueō, tuisil,

162 Easy Latin

aureō spoliāvit, quō ōrnātus erat. Hinc et ipse et posterī eius Torquātī appellātī sunt. Gallī fugam capes- rosīvērunt.

Novō bellō cum Gallīs exortō, annō urbis quadringen- tēsimō sextō, iterum Gallus prōcessit rōbore atque armīs īnsignis, et prōvocāvit ūnum ex Rōmānīs, ut sēcum armīs dēcerneret. Tum M. Valerius, tribūnus mīlitum, sē obtulit;

1s et, cum prōcessisset armātus, corvus eī suprā dextrum bracchium sēdit. Mox, commissā pugnā, hīc corvus ālīs et unguibus Gallī oculōs verberāvit. Ita factum est, ut Gallus facilī negōtiōā Valeriō interficerētur, quī hinc Corvīnī nōmen accēpit.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

offer, single, facile, orient, decree, torque, nominate, provoke, re-verberate, insignia.

Respondē:

1. Quot annīs post prīmam incursiōnem Gallī iterum in ītaliam vēnērunt? 2. Ubi Gallī cōnsēdērunt? 3. Quis prōvocātiōnem ad certāmen singulāre accēpit? 4. Cūr posteā Torquātus appellātus est? 5. Quō annō urbis tertium bellum cum Geallīs exortum est? 6. Quis erat M. Valerius? 7. Cūr nōmen Corvīnī accēpit?

necklace. 9. capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, lintensive from capiōl, (eagerly seize), take. 11. ex-orior, -īrī, -ortus, rise. annō... sextō: what year s.C. was this? See formula above. 12. rōbur, -oris, n., (hard wood, oak), strength. 14. dē-cernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus, (decide by combat), contend. tribūnus mīlitum, military tribune, an army officer by appointment. In Caesar’s time there were six to each legion. 15. corvus, -ī, m., raven. suprā, prep. with acc., upon. 18. facilis, -e, easy; facilī negōtiō, with litile trouble.

Roman History. 163

The Samnite wars; batile of the Caudine Forks

Posteā Rōmānī cum Samnītibus bellum gessērunt, ad quod L. Papīrius Cursor cum honōre dictātōris profectus est. Quī cum negōtī cuiusdam causā Rōmam īvisset, prae- cēpit Q. Fabiō Rulliānō, magistrō equitum, quem apud exer-

citum relīquit, nē pugnam cum hoste committeret. Sedi illes

occāsiōnem nactus fēlīcissimē dīmicāvit et Samnītēs dēlēvit. Ob hanc rem ā dictātōre capitis damnātus est. At ille in urbem cōnfūgit, et ingentī favōre mīlitum et populī līberā- tus est; in Papīrium autem tanta sēditiō exorta est, ut paene ipse interficerētur.

1. Samnītēs, -ium, m., the Samnites, a brave and warlike people, inhabiting the mountainous country to the east and south of Latium. With them the Romans fought three wars. The First, 343-341 B.C., was brought to an abrupt end by the “impudent”’ demands which the allied Latins made on the Romans. Forming an alliance with their recent enemies, the Romans turned on the Latins and brought them to terms within two years, 340-338 B.c. Twelve years later the Samnites, finding that the Romans were encroaching on their territory, declared war against them. This Second Samnite War, 326-304 B.C., is the one referred to in the text. 2. L. Papīrius Cursor, a very able general, had a keen sense of humor. On one occasion in order to discipline an inefficient magistrate, Papirius summoned him to his tent. When the culprit entered, the general ordered a lictor to get his ax ready. The magistrate turned pale with fright. But Papirius merely said, “Lictor, that stump is in the way; hew it out,” and dismissed the magistrate without further punishment.
2. prae-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus, [capiō], with dat., direct, order.
3. Q. Fabius Rulliānus, a member of the famous Fabian gens, who was chosen consul five times and dictator twice. magister equitum, master of the horse, second in command to the dictator. In battle he led the cavalry, while the dictator commanded the infantry.
4. nancīscor, -ī, nactus or nanctus, obtain. dēleō, -ēre, (erase), annihilate. 7. capitis damnāre, to condemn to death.

I0 164 : Easy Latin

Duōbus annīs post, T. Veturius et Spurius Postumius cōnsulēs bellum adversum Samnītēs gerēbant. Hī ā Pontiō, duce hostium, in īnsidiās inductī sunt. Nam ad Furculās Caudīnās Rōmānōs pellexit in angustiās, unde sēsē expedīre 15 nōn poterant. Ibi Pontius patrem suum Hērennium rogā- vit, quid faciendum esse putāret. Ille respondit, aut omnēs occīdendōs esse, ut Rōmānōrum vīrēs frangerentur, aut omnēs dīmittendōs esse, ut beneficiō obligārentur. Pontius utrumque cōnsilium improbāvit, omnēsque sub a0 iugum mīsit. Samnītēs dēnique post bellum ūndēquīn- quāgintā annōrum superātī sunt.

11. Duōbus annīs post, 321 B.C. Is post an adv. or a prep.? Why?
12. furculs, -ae, f., a litile fork; Furculae Caudīnae, the Caudine Forks, a narrow mountain pass near Caudium in the heart of Samnium.
13. pelliciō, -ere, -lexī, lectus, entice. ex-pediō, īre, [pēsl, extricate.
14. quid... putāret, indirect question depending upon rogāvit, a verb of saying. faciendus, -a, -um, gerundive (fut. pass. part.) of faciō. When used with any part of the verb to be’ — expressed or under- stood — the gerundive is translated necessary to be, ought to be, must be. So also with occīdendōs, l. 17, and dīmittendōs, l. 1ē. 17. vīrēs, [pl. of vīs, forcel, strength. frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctus, break. 18. ob- ligō, -āre, bind, lay under obligation. 19. im-probō, -āre, lin 4 probō, approvel, disapprove of. omnēsque sub iugum mīsit, i.e., instead of doing one thing or the other, as his father advised, Pontius sent the army under the yoke, exacting a promise under oath from the commanders that the Romans would give back the conquered terri- tory and make peace. The Senate, however, refused to ratify the agreement and sent the commanders as prisoners to the Samnites. It was a disgraceful affair for the Romans. The war went on with varying success, until in 305 B.C. the Romans won a signal victory at Bovianum. 20. ūn-dē-quīnquāgintā, forty-nine. The

Third Samnite War, 298-290 B.C., ended with the complete con-

quest of Samnium. The three wars actually covered a period of fifty-three years.

Roman History 165

Form English derivatives from:

honōre, praecēpit, occāsiōnem, dēlēvit, paene, inductī, Fur- culās, expedīre, frangerentur, obligārentur, ap-probāvit.

Respondē:

1. Quot bella Samnītēs cum Rōmānīs gessērunt? 2. Quis erat dictātor in bellō secundō? 3. Quis erat magister equitum?
2. Quid dictātor Fabiō praecēpit nē faceret? s5. Cūr Fabius ā dictātōre capitis damnātus est? 6. Quid ad Furculās Cau-

dīnās accidit? 7. Quid Hērennius fīlium suum monuit? S. Quid fēcit Pontius?

War with Pyrrhus, king of Epirus; battle of Heraclea

Dēvictīs Samnītibus, Tarentīnīs bellum indictum est, quia lēgātīs Rōmānōrum iniūriam fēcissent. Hī Pyrrhum,

1. Dēvictīs Samnītibus: Rome, as we have seen, starting with a small settlement on the Palatine hill, grew to be a city of considerable size during the 250 years of the regal period. Vet her prestige — even under the Tarquins — was merely local, and her entire territory did not embrace more than a few square miles. During the century after the expulsion of Tarquin the Proud she was torn by internal dissen- sions, and had to fight desperately to hold her own against the neigh- boring tribes. Then came the period when with greater harmony at home she began to gain territory rapidly. The first invasion of the Gauls, though it brought disaster enough to Rome, weakened her old enemies, the Aequians and Volscians, still more, and thus enabled her to triumph over them. Allittle later under the vigorous leadership of Camillus she conquered the Etruscans. In the last fifty years of which we have been reading she subdued the Latins and the Samnites. Thus by 200 B.C. she had become mistress of the Italian peninsula from Etruria to Campania.

Meanwhile Southern Italy had been occupied for many centuries by Greek colonists, who had established many flourishing cities, especially along the coast. So completely was this country under Greek control that it was called Magna Graecia. It was to this

166 Easy Latin

Ēpīrī rēgem, contrā Rōmānōs auxilium poposcērunt. Is mox in ītaliam vēnit, tumque prīmum Rōmānī cum trāns- s marīnō hoste pugnāvē- runt. Missus est contrā eum cōnsul P. Valerius

district of Italy that Rome now turned her attention. Tarentīnī, -ōrum, m., Taren- tines, inhabitants of Tarentum, the principal Greek city in Southern Italy, situated at the head of the Gulf of Tar- entum. It had prospered greatly through its far-reach- ing commerce and boasted of a large army and navy. quia... fēcissent: Rome and Tarentum had made a treaty, which among other : things prohibited Roman sships Pvreus

from entering the Gulf of

Tarentum. Whnen therefore ten Roman vessels sailed one day into their harbor, the Tarentines, greatly excited, attacked them and sunk several of the ships. The Roman ambassadors, who were sent to demand res- titution, were mocked and ridiculed as they spoke. The climax came when some one bespattered the toga of Postumius, the Roman leader, with mud. Pointing to his soiled garment, Postumius haughtily declared that such an outrage could be wiped out only with blood and withdrew from the assembly. 2. Pyrrhus, -ī, m., Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, a country northwest of Greece on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. The “heel” of Italy is only about so miles distant from Epirus. Pyrrhus, a brilliant general, was ambitious to found an empire like that of Alexander the Great and welcomed this oppor- tunity to invade Italy. He brought over an army of 20,cc0 infantry and 3oc0 cavalry, besides archers and slingers, and 20 elephants.

Roman History 167

Laevīnus. Hīc, cum explōrātōrēs Pyrrhī cēpisset, iussit eōs per castra dūcī, tumque dīmittī, ut renūntiārent Pyrrhō, quaecumque ā Rōmānīs agerentur.

Pugnā commissā, Pyrrhus auxiliō elephantōrum vī- cit. Nox proeliō fīnem dedit. Laevīnus tamen per noc- tem fūgit. Pyrrhus Rōmānōs mīlle octingentōs cēpit, eōsque summō honōre tractāvit. Cum eōs, quī in proeliō interfectī erant, omnēs adversīs vulneribus et trucī vultū etiam mortuōs iacēre vidēret, tulisse ad caelum manūs dīcitur cum hāc vōce, “Ego cum tālibus virīs brevī orbem terrārum subigerem.”

Find the Latin word suggested by:

explorer, orbit, injury, tractable, indict, renounce, ad-jacent, transmarine, truculent.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Magna Graecia? 2. Cūr Rōmānī Tarentīnīs bellum indīxērunt? 3. Ā quō Tarentīnī auxilium petīvērunt?

2. Ubi erat Ēpīrus? 5. Quantum exercitum Pyrrhus in ītaliam trādūxit? 6. Cūr Laevīnus explōrātōrēs Pyrrhī per castra Rōmāna dūcī iussit? 7. Quō modo Pyrrhus in prīmō proeliō vīcit? S. Quid post proelium dīxit Pyrrhus?

3. explōrātor, -ōris, m., spy, scout. 11. Pugnā commissā: Thnis battle was fought near Heraclea, 280 B.C. 13. octingentī, -ae, -a, loctō centum], eight hundred. 14. tractō, -āre [frequentative from trahō], treat. 15. adversīs vulneribus, with wounds in front. trux, trucis, fierce. vultus, -ūs, m., expression, look. 16. mortuus, -a, -um, [moriorl, dead. 175. tālis, -e, such. orbis terrārum, the whole uorld.

4. sub-igō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus, [agōl], conquer.

IC

15 168 Easy Latin

The Romans win the admiration of Pyrrhus and Cineas

Posteā Pyrrhus Rōmam perrēxit; omnia ferrō īgne- que vāstāvit; Campāniam dēpopulātus est, atque ad Prae- neste vēnit mīliāriō ab urbe octāvō decimō. Mox terrōre exercitūs, quī cum cōnsule sequēbātur, in Campāniam sē

s recēpit. Lēgātī ad Pyrrhum dē captīvīs redimendīs missī honōrificē ab eō receptī sunt; captīvōs sine pretiō reddidit. Ōnum ex lēgātīs, Fabricium, sīc admīrātus est, ut eī quār- tam partem rēgnī suī prōmitteret, sī ad sē trānsīret; sed ā Fabriciō contemptus est.

10 Cum iam Pyrrhus ingentī Rōmānōrum admīrātiōne tenērētur, lēgātum mīsit Cīneam, praestantissimum virum, quī pācem peteret eā condiciōne, ut Pyrrhus eam partem Italiae, quam armīs occupāverat, retinēret. Rōmānī re- spondērunt, eum cum Rōmānīs pācem habēre nōn posse,

1. per-gō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus, [regōl, proceed. 2. Campānia, -ae, f., lcampus, plain], Campania, a rich and fertile district between Latium and Lucania. dē-populor, -ārī, -ātus, [populus], lay waste, devastate. Praeneste, -is, n., Praeneste, a strongly fortified town east of Rome. 4. sequor, -ī, secūtus, follow, pursue. 5. red-imō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptus, lemō], (buy back), ransom; redimendus, -a, -um, gerundive, ransoming. Observe that there are tuo distinct uses of the gerundive: (1) with some part of the verb ‘to be’ with the idea of necessity, three examples of which are found on page 164; (2) as a verbal adjective in agreement with a noun, in the sense of -ing. 9. con- temnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptus, disdain, scorn. Having tried per- suasion and bribery to no purpose, Pyrrhus attempted to frighten Fabricius. As he sat in audience before the king, a curtain was suddenly drawn, and an elephant which had been concealed behind it thrust his trunk over Fabricius’s head and trumpeted loudly. But Fabricius could not be intimidated any more than he could be bribed.
2. Cīneās, -ae, m., Cineas, a counselor of Pyrrhus, whose eloquence almost persuaded the Senate to accept the terms that were offered.

Roman History 169

nisi ex ītaliā recessisset. Cīneās cum rediisset, Pyrrhō eumss interrogantī, quālis urbs ipsī Rōma vīsa esset, respondit, sē rēgum patriam vīdisse.

Form English derivatives from:

dēpopulātus, sequēbātur, redimendīs, reddidit, prōmitteret, contemptus, retinēret, recessisset, interrogantī, quālis.

Respondē:

1. Per quās partēs ītaliae Pyrrhus ad Rōmanm iter fēcit?
2. Ad quod mīliārium ab urbe vēnit? 3. Cūr in Campāniam sē recēpit? 4. Quō modo lēgātōs Rōmānōs recēpit? 5. Quid Fabriciō prōmīsit, sī ad sē trānsīret? 6. Cūr Cīneās ad senā-

tum Rōmānum missus est? 7. Quā condiciōne cum Rōmānīs pācem facere voluit? S. Quid Rōmānī respondērunt?

Battles of Asculum and Beneventum; Pyrrhus withdraws from Italy

Posterō annō cōnsulēs Publius Sulpicius et Decius Mūs contrā Pyrrhum missī sunt. Proeliō commissō, rēx vul- nerātus est et vīgintī mīlia hostium caesa sunt. Hīc iterum Pyrrhus elephantōrum auxiliō vīcit, sed brevī tem- pore Tarentum sē recipere coāctus est. 5

prae-stāns, -stantis, [stō], excellent, distinguished. 15. Pyȳrrhō, dat. with respondit. 16. quālis ... esset, ind. ques., depending on interrogantī. ipsī, dative. 17. rēgum patriam, i.e., the citizens of Rome had impressed Cineas as kingly in their bearing and conduct. I. Posterō annō, 279 B.c. Decius Mūs, Mūris, m., I[mūs, mouse], Decius Mus. Both his grandfather and father, who bore the same name, had sacrificed their lives for their country by riding into the thick of the enemy and thus rallying their wavering troops. It is said that this Decius Mus did likewise in the battle of Asculum, to which reference is made in the following lines. 4. Pyrrhus... vīcit: After the battle Pyrrhus said: “One more such victory, and we shall be utterly ruined!”” Hence a victory won at too great cost

170 Easy Latin

Annō interiectō, Fabricius contrā eum missus est. Tum, cum ipse et rēx vīcīna castra habērent, medicus Pyrrhī ad eum nocte vēnit, prōmittēns sē Pyrrhum venēnō occīsūrum esse, sī mūnus sibi darētur. Sed Fabricius hunc vinctum

10ad dominum redūcī iussit. Tunc rēx, admīrātus illum, dīxisse fertur: “Ille est Fabricius, quī difficilius ab hones- tāte āvertī potest quam sōl ā suō cursū!”

Inde rēx in Siciliam profectus est, ut ibi Graecīs contrā hostēs auxilium daret. Duōbus annīs post in ītaliam

1s rediit. Dēnique Pyrrhus, tertiō proeliō fūsus, ā Tarentō recessit, atque, cum in Graeciam rediisset, apud Argos in- terfectus est.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

vicinity, course, mouse, solar, difficult, interject, con-fusion, avert, re-munerate, vinculum, honesty.

Respondē:

1. Quō modo Pyrrhus in proeliō secundō vīcit? 2. Cūr sērre- cipere coāctus est? 3. Quis ad Fabricium nocte vēnit? 4. Quid Fabriciō prōmīsit? 5. Quid fēcit Fabricius? 6. Quid Pyrrhus dē Fabriciō dīxit? 7. Quis in tertiō proeliō Pyrrhum fūdit? 8S. Ubi Pyrrhus interfectus est? 9. Quālis vir erat Pyrrhus?

is sometimes called a Pyrrhic victory. 17. vīcīnus, -a, -um, [vīcus, villagel, neighboring. 11. fertur, [ferōl, is said. difficilius, [comp. of adv. difficulter], with greater dificulty. r5. fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsus, rout, defeat with great loss. The third battle was fought at Beneven- tum in 275 B.C. The consul Dentatus, who commanded the Romans, took several captured elephants to Rome and exhibited them in his triumphal procession. 16. apud Argos interfectus est: In 272 BLC. Pyrrhus went to Argos to aid one faction in the city against another. Failing in this effort, he was fighting his way out of the city, when from a housetop a woman dropped a heavy tile, by which he was struck and killed. Such was the untimely end of this gallant soldier and noble-minded king.

Roman History 171

Phoenicia was a small Asiatic country bordering on the eastern Mediterranean, north of Palestine. Its chief cities, Tyre and Sidon, were famous for their manufacture of glass, amber, tin, and dyes. Aside from this, the Phoenicians were mainly a sea- faring people. Their daring sailors not only navigated the Mediterranean, but they passed through the “Pillars of Her-

cules” (Straits of Gibraltar) and ventured out on the Atlantic Ocean, going as far north as Britain in quest of tin.

The Mediterranean was dotted with Phoenician colonies. Of these the most notable was Carthage, established on the north coast of Africa (near modern Tunis) about a century before the founding of Rome. Her central situation and excellent harbors gave Carthage command of the entire commerce of the Mediter- ranean, and this she maintained by her splendid navy.

Between Carthage and Italy lay the large and fertile island of Sicily, which had been colonized by the Greeks. Naturally 172 Easy Latin

Carthage desired to add Sicily to her possessions. And so, beginning about 400 B.C., she made strenuous efforts to conquer it, but without achieving any permanent success. Now when Rome defeated Pyrrhus and conquered Magna Graecia, she had only to cross the narrow Strait of Messina — a distance of two miles — to reach Sicily, and she was just as eager to seize the island as was Carthage. It was perfectly evident, therefore, that these two ambitious nations would soon “lock horns” in war, in order to settle which of them should be supreme.

Let us briefly compare their resources. Carthage was much richer than Rome. She had a fine navy; Rome had practically none. Opn the other hand the Carthaginian army was made up of mercenaries who fought for pay, while the Roman army con- sisted of Roman citizens fighting for their country. Lastly, the allies of Carthage hated her because she treated them tyran- nically. Rome treated her allies justly and thus secured their faithful allegiance.

As in the case of the Sammites it took three fierce wars to settle which was the stronger nation. The First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) began when the Romans went to aid some Cam- panian mercenaries who had seized the Sicilian town of Messina, just across the Strait from the toe of Italy.

The First Punic War; Rome builds a powerful navy; Regulus is captured

Annō quadringentēsimō nōnāgēsimō post urbem con- ditam Rōmānōrum exercitūs prīmum in Siciliam trāiēcērunt, atque superāvērunt Hierōnem, rēgem Syrācūsārum, et Poenōs, quī multās cīvitātēs in eā īnsulā occupāverant.

2. trā-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus, [trāns H iaciō], cross, pass over.
3. Syrācūsae, -ārum, f., Syracuse, largest and richest city in Sicily, situated on the east coast. Its king Hiero submitted to the Romans early in the war and remained faithful to them. Under his wise rule Syracuse was very prosperous. 4. Poenī, -ōrum, m., the Carthaginians.

Roman History 173

Quīntō annō huius bellī, quod contrā Poenōs gerēbātur, s prīmum Rōmānī, C. Duīliō et Cn. Cornēliō Asinā cōn- sulibus, in marī dīmicāvērunt. Duīlius Carthāginiēnsēs vīcit, trīgintā nāvēs occupāvit, quattuordecim mersit, septem mīlia hostium cēpit, tria mīlia occīdit. Nūlla vic-

View OF PART OF A TRIREME

Only the highest bank of rowers is visible, but the oars of the two lower banks can be seen.

5. Quīnto anno, 260 B.C. 6. prīmum, emphasized by its position, for the first time. Duīliō et Cornēliō... cōnsulibus, abl. abs., supply being; freely, during the consulship of Duilius and Cornelius. The Romans determined the date of any year by the names of the consuls for that year. 7. in marī dīmicāvērunt: At the beginning of the war the Romans had only a few triremes (vessels with three banks of oars), while the Carthaginian navy was well supplied with quinque- remes (much larger ships with five banks of oars). The Romans soon found that they would have to build a powerful fleet to cope with their enemies. They knew very little about ship-building. They had neither oarsmen nor sailors who were experienced in naval battles. But where there is a will, there is a way. Finding a quinquereme stranded on the shore, they used it as a model and built a fleet. They placed benches on the beach and trained men to row. More than that, they invented a boarding-bridge, which, as soon as a ship came within grappling distance of an enemy’s vessel, could be lowered, thereby enabling the Roman soldiers to cross over to the enemy’s 174 Easy Latin

10 tōria Rōmānīs grātior fuit. Duīliō concessum est, ut, cum ā cēnā redīret, puerī fūnālia gestantēs et tībīcen eum comitā- rentur.

Quattuor annīs interiectīs, bellum in Āfricam trānslā- tum est. Carthāginiēnsēs pugnā nāvālī contrā Ecnomum

15 superātī sunt atque sexāgintā quattuor nāvibus perditīs sē recēpērunt; Rōmānī vīgintī duās āmīsērunt. Cum in Āfricam vēnissent, Poenōs in plūribus proeliīs vīcērunt, multitūdinem hominum cēpērunt, septuāgintā quattuor cīvitātēs in fidem accēpērunt. Tum victī Carthāginiēnsēs

20 pācem ā Rōmānīs petiērunt. Quam cum M. Atīlius Rēgu- lus, Rōmānōrum dux, dare nōllet nisi dūrissimīs condiciō- nibus, Carthāginiēnsēs auxilium petiērunt ā Lacedaemoniīs. Hī Xanthippum mīsērunt, quī Rōmānum exercitum magnō proeliō vīcit. Rēgulus ipse captus et in vincula coniectus

25 est.

decks. Thus equipped, they started out to meet the Carthaginian fleet. Duīlius Carthāginiēnsēs vīcit: This battle was fought off Mylae, near the northeastern point of Sicily. The Roman boarding- bridges worked admirably to the complete surprise and discomfiture of the Carthaginians. 11. cēna, -ae, f., dinner. fūnāle, -is, n., [fūnis, ropel, torch, made of plant fiber, twisted like a rope (fūnis) and smeared with pitch and wax. gestō, -āre, Ifrequentative of gerōl, bear. comitor, -ārī, -ātus, [comes], accompany. 14. contrā, off. Ecnomus, -ī, m., Ecnomus, on the south coast of Sicily. 19. in fidem accipere, receive under one’s protection. 21. nōllet, imp. subj. of nōlō. 22. Lacedaemoniī, -ōrum, m., Lacedaemonians, inhabitants of Lacedaemon or Sparta, the chief city of the Peloponnesus. 23. Xan- thippus found that the Carthaginian army was superior in cavalry and elephants. Accordingly he offered battle on level ground. The Romans could not withstand the enemy’s fierce charges and were utterly routed, leaving 30,000 men dead on the field. This battle was fought in 255 B.C.

Roman History 175

Form English derivatives from: trāiēcērunt, Syrācūsārum, Poenōs, mersit, grātior, conces- sum, trānslātum, perditīs.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Carthāgō? 2. Quae īnsula erat inter Carthā- ginem et ītaliam? 3. Quī prīmī Siciliam occupāvērunt?
2. Quae duae nātiōnēs posteā Siciliam occupāre volēbant?
3. Quis Rōmānōrum prīmum Carthāginiēnsēs pugnā nāvālī vīcit? 6. Quem honōrem cīvēs eī tribuērunt? 7. Quō posteā bellum trānslātum est? 38. Quis erat dux Rōmānōrum?
4. Quis exercitum Rōmānum vīcit? ro. Quid imperātōrī Rōmānō accidit?

The self-sacrifice of Regulus; the final batile; terms of peace

Nōn tamen ubīque fortūna Carthāginiēnsibus fāvit. Cum aliquot proeliīs victī essent, Rēgulum rogāvērunt, ut Rōmam proficīscerētur, et pācem captīvōrumque permūtā- tiōnem ā Rōmānīs obtinēret. Ille cum Rōmam vēnisset, inductus in senātum dīxit, sē dēsiisse Rōmānum esse ex illās diē, quā in potestātem Poenōrum vēnisset. Tum Rōmānīs suāsit, nē pācem cum Carthāginiēnsibus facerent: illōs enim tot cāsibus frāctōs spem nūllam nisi in pāce habēre; tantī nōn esse, ut tot mīlia captīvōrum propter sē ūnum et pau- cōs, quī ex Rōmānīs captī essent, redderentur. Haec sen- ro tentia obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Āfricam crūdēlissimīs suppliciīs exstīnctus est.

1. faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautūrus, favor, (with dative). 2. ali-quot, indecl., several. 3. per-mūtātiō, -ōnis, f., [mūtō], exchange. s. dē- sinō, -ere, -siī, -situs, cease. ex illā diē: diēs is sometimes fem., to denote an appointed time. 7. suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsus, advise, urge, (with dative). illōs, i.e., the Carthaginians. S. tantī (pretī) nōn esse, that it was not worth while. 11. re-gredior, -ī, -gressus, [gradior],

176 Easy Latin

Tandem, C. Lutātiō Catulō, A. Postumiō cōnsulibus, annō bellī Pūnicī vīcēsimō tertiō magnum proelium nāvāle 1s commissum est contrā Lilybaeum, prōmunturium Siciliae.

ONE OF THE FiNEeST ViEWS IN SICIiLY Looking south along the coast from the Greek theater at Taormina to Mount Aetna.

In eō proeliō septuāgintā trēs Carthāginiēnsium nāvēs captae, centum vīgintī quīnque mersae, trīgintā duo mīlia hostium capta, tredecim mīlia occīsa sunt. Statim Carthā-

g0 back, return. 13. Tandem, at length: Nine years had elapsed since the return of Regulus, during which the Romans, undaunted by the loss of two fleets, gradually conquered most of Sicily. During the last six years (247-242 B.C.), a new Carthaginian general, Hamilcar (surnamed Barca, “Lightning”) skillfully maintained himself in mountain strongholds near the sea, while his fleet ravaged the coasts of Italy and Sicily. At last in 242 B.C. the Romans made a supreme effort and built another fleet, the fifth since the beginning of the war! 15. Lilybaeum, ī, n., Lilybaeum, on the west coast of Sicily. Roman History 1771

giniēnsēs pācem petiērunt, eīsque pāx tribūta est. Cap- tīvī Rōmānōrum, quī tenēbantur ā Carthāginiēnsibus, a0 redditī sunt. Poenī Siciliā, Sardiniā, et cēterīs īnsulīs, quae inter ītaliam Āfricamque iacent, dēcessērunt, omnemque Hispāniam, quae citrā Ibērum est, Rōmānīs permīsērunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

permutation, promontory, favor, sentence, casualty, aliquot, regression, persuasion.

Respondē:

1. Cūr Carthāginiēnsēs Rēgulum Rōmam mīsērunt?
2. Quid Rēgulus senātōribus dīxit? 3. Quid Rēgulus cīvibus suāsit? 4. Cūr Rēgulus ad Carthāginiēnsēs rediit? 5. Ubi ultimum proelium bellī commissum est? 6. Quibus condici- ōnibus Rōmānī Carthāginī pācem tribuērunt?

Conflicts with the Gauls; Marcellus wins the spolia opīma

Annō quīngentēsimō ūndētrīcēsimō ingentēs Gallōrum cōpiae Alpēs trānsiērunt. Sed prō Rōmānīs tōta ītalia cōnsēnsit; trāditumque est octingenta mīlia hominum ad id bellum parāta esse. Rēs prōsperē gesta est apud Clū- sium; quadrāgintā mīlia hominum interfecta sunt. Ali-s quot annīs post, pugnātum est contrā Gallōs in agrō In- subrium, fīnītumque est bellum M. Claudiō Mārcellō, Cn.

22. dēcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, withdrawv. 23. citrā, prep. with acc., on this side of. Ibērus, -ī, m., the Iberus, now the Ebro.

23. ūn-dē-trīcēsimus, -a, -um, Itrīgintā], twenty-ninth, 225 BC.

24. prō, in support of. 3. cōn-sentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsus, unite.

25. Rēs, battle. 6. Insubrēs, -ium, m., Insubrians, Gauls who had settled between the Alps and the river Po. Their chief city was Mediolānum (modern Milany. Mārcellō... Scīpiōne cōnsulibus, ie., 222 B.C.

178 Easy Latin

Cornēliō Scīpiōne cōnsulibus. Tum Mārcellus rēgem Gallōrum, Viridomarum, manū suā occīdit et triumphāns rospolia Gallī, stīpitī imposita, umerīs suīs vexit.

View OF THE ACLPs This shows the difficulties with which the invaders of Italy had to contend.

Form English derivatives from:

trānsiērunt, cōnsēnsit, trāditum, prōsperē, fīnītum, spolia, imposita, vexit.

Respondē:

1. Ubi Gallī habitābant? 2. Quōs montēs Gallī trānsi- ērunt, ubi in Italiam vēnērunt? 3. Quantum exercitum Rō-

2. spolia, -ōrum, n., arms (stripped from an enemy). If, as in this case, the arms were taken as a result of a single combat between the commanders of the two armies, they were called spolia opīma, spoils of honor. stīpes, -itis, m., stake. Roman History 1I59

mānī coēgērunt? 4. Quot Gallī apud Clūsium interfectī sunt? 5. Quis erat rēx Clūsī tum, cum Tarquinius Superbus Rōmā expulsus est? 6. Quō modo Mārcellus spolia opīma abstulit?

At the close of the First Punic War the Carthaginian merce- naries, infuriated at not being paid for their service, made war upon Carthage. After a most sanguinary struggle of four years they were exterminated by Hamilcar. Then he began to plan for revenge upon the hated Romans. Now Spain was rich in siīlver mines, and her coast cities were already held by Carthage. Hamilcar determined to secure the resources of Spain for his country, and spent nine years in conquering and organizing it into a province. Before completing this task he died, but the work went on under Hasdrubal, his son-in-law. Presently the Romans sensed the danger that threatened them from that quarter and forced Carthage to make a treaty, restricting her to the part of Spain that lay south of the Iberus.

Meanwhile Hamilcar’s sons, Hasdrubal and Hannibal, who were imbued with the same hatred of the Romans as their father, had joined the army in Spain. Hannibal was the younger of the two brothers, but he soon showed that he possessed all the qualities of a good soldier and a great commander. When, therefore, Hasdrubal, Hamilcar’s son-in-law, died in 221 BC., Hannibal was enthusiastically chosen commander-in-chief of the army.

Second Punic War; Hannibal defeats the Romans in the battles of Ticinus, Trebia, and Lake Trasumenus

Paulō post Pūnicum bellum renovātum est per Hanni-

balem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quem novem annōs nātum

pater Hamilcar ārīs admōverat, ut odium perenne in Rō-

1. Paulō post, i.e., 218 B.C. re-novō, -āre, novus], renew. 2. nās- cor, -ī, nātus, be born; nātus, with words denoting time, old. 3. ad- moveō, bring to. odium, -ī, n., lodī, hatel, hatred. per-ennis, -e,

180 Easy Latin

mānōs iūrāret. Hīc agēns annum vīcēsimum septimum s aetātis Saguntum, Hispāniae cīvitātem, Rōmānīs amīcam, oppugnāre aggressus est. Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūn- tiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Quī cum lēgātōs admittere nōllet, Rōmānī Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut mandārētur Han- nibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī gereret. i0 Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus reddita sunt. Sagun- tīnīs intereā famē victīs, Rōmānī Carthāginiēnsibus bellum indīxērunt. Hannibal, frātre Hasdrubale in Hispāniā relīctō, Pyrē- naeōs et Alpēs trānsiīt. Trāditur in ītaliam octōgintā 1s mīlia peditum, et vīgintī mīlia equitum, septem et trīgintā

lannus], lasting, undying. 4. iūrō, -āre, swear. agō, with words de- noting time, pass, spend; agēns annum, in the year. 5. Saguntum, -ī, n., Saguntum, a town on the east central coast of Spain. 6. ag- gredior, ī, -gressus, lad H4 gradiorl, undertake, begin. dē-nūntiō, -āre, (officially) announce, order. 8. Carthāginem: Whnat sort of acc.? mandārētur, used impersonally. ro0. Saguntīinīs... victīs, after a siege of eight months. 13. Hasdrubale in Hispāniā relīctō: The plan was that in due time Hasdrubal should lead another army into Italy to reinforce Hannibal.

13. Pyrēnaeī (montēs), the Pyrenees Mts., between Spain and France. Hannibal started in the spring of 218 B.C. Beyond the Pyrenees he had to cross the Rhone, a very broad and swift river. The elephants were taken across on huge rafts. 14. Alpēs trānsiit: This was a stupendous undertaking. The Mont Cenis pass, over which Hannibal probably went, is 6893 feet above sea-level. He did not reach the pass until October. On the way up the army was harassed by constant attacks from the mountain tribes. The descent was even more difficult. A fall of snow added to the danger of descending the slippery ice-covered steeps. Thousands of men, horses, and pack- animals were lost on this pass. Trāditur, he is said, i.e., to have started out with these forces. The historian Polybius says that Han- nibal reached Italy with only 20,0c00 infantry and 6oc0 cavalry.

Roman History 18rx

elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Ligurēs et Gallī Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Prīmus eī occurrit P. Cornē- lius Scīpiō, quī, proeliō ad Tīcīnum commissō, superātus est, et, vulnere acceptō, in castra rediit. Tum Semprōnius Longus cōnflīxit ad Trebiam amnem. Is quoque vincitur. 20

HANNIBAL CROSSING THE RHONE

16. Ligurēs, -um, m., Ligurians, a people of northwestern Italy south of the Po. Their chief city was Genua (modern Genoa). Here we see the real reason why Hannibal chose to enter Italy by way of the Alps. He had counted on securing these Gallic tribes as his allies.
17. oc-currō, -ere, -currī, -cursus, lob H currō, run to meetl], meet, (with dative). 18. Tīcinus, -ī, m., the Ticinus, a river rising in the Alps and flowing south into the Po. This battle was merely a cavalry skirmish, but the ease with which the Romans were routed showed how superior the Carthaginian horsemen were. 20. Trebia, -ae, m., the Trebia, a river flowing northwest into the Po. In the absence of Scipio, who was wounded, Sempronius Longus, the other consul, took command. One wintry December morning Hannibal lured the Ro- mans before they had breakfasted across the icy river and ambushed 182 Easy Latin

Multī populī sē Hannibalī dēdidērunt. Inde in Etrūriam prōgressus Flāminium cōnsulem ad Trasumēnum lacum superat. Ipse Flāminius interēmptus est; Rōmānōrum vīgintī quīnque mīlia caesa sunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

perennial, abstain, conflict, natal, adduce, denounce, conjunc- tion, per-jure, occur, renovate, com-mand, aggressive, odium, progress.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat dux Carthāginiēnsium in Bellō Pūnicō Secundō?
2. Quandō odium perenne in Rōmānōs iūrāvit? 3. Quam ob rem Rōmānī Carthāginiēnsibus bellum indīxērunt? 4. Quis in Hispāniā relīctus est? s5. Quōs montēs Hannibal trānsiit?
3. Quī Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt? 7. Quis in prīmō proeliō vulnerātus est? 8. Quō proeliō Hannibal Semprōnium Longum vīcit? 9. Quid ad Lacum Trasumēnum accidit?

Disastrous batile of Cannae; Hasdrubal defeated in Spain

Quīngentēsimō et duodēquadrāgēsimō annō post urbem conditam L. Aemilius Paulus et P. Terentius Varrō contrā

them. Cold and hungry as they were, the Romans fought long and bravely, but were overwhelmingly defeated. 21. dē-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, give up, surrender. Inde, i.e., in the spring of 2r7 BC. 22. Flāminius was going north, intending to join forces with his col- league. Hannibal posted his men on the heights above Lake Trasu- menus. Early in the morning the Romans were marching along the lake shore through a thick mist. Suddenly their vanguard was attacked and driven back, while at the same time the marching column was assailed on the flank by Hannibal’s cavalry and Gauls rushing down from the hills. The slaughter that ensued was frightful. 23. Flāminius interēmptus est: he died, while bravely trying to rally his men.

1. Quīngentēsimō ... conditam, 216 B.C. 2. Paulus, of the senatorial party, an experienced soldier. Varrō, an energetic and

Roman History 183

Hannibalem mittuntur. Quamquam Quīntus Fabius Max- imus ambō cōnsulēs monuerat Hannibalem nōn aliter vincī posse quam morā, Varrō tamen morae impatiēns apuds vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur, in Āpuliā pugnāvit; ambō

RoMAN HORSEMEN

successful plebeian with no military experience. 3. Quīntus Fabius Maximus after the battle of Lake Trasumenus had been made dicta- tor. Realizing that neither he nor any other Roman general of the time could defeat such a military genius as Hannibal in a pitched battle, he instituted a policy of delay, i.e., of watching and harassing the enemy without engaging him in battle. This brought him into great disfavor with the people, who called him Cunctātor, “the De- layer.” But later they acknowledged that this policy saved Rome. 4. nōn aliter... quam, not otherwise than. 6. Ēpulia, -ae, f., Apulia, a district extending along the east coast of Lower Italy. 184 Easy Latin

cōnsulēs victī sunt, atque Paulus interēmptus est. In eā pugnā virī cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī vīgintī, senātōrēs trīgintā captī aut occīsī sunt; mīlitum quadrāgintā mīlia, equitum 10 tria mīlia et quīngentī periērunt. In hīs tantīs malīs nēmō tamen pācis mentiōnem facere dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante factum erat, manūmissī et mīlitēs factī sunt. Post eam pugnam multae ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rō- mānīs pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hanni- 15 bal Rōmānīs obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent; sed respōnsum est ā senātū, eōs cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī armātī capī potuissent. Hōs omnēs captīvōs ille posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit, et trēs modiōs aureōrum ānulōrum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs manibus equitum Rōmānōrum, senātōrum, et 20 mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā frāter Hannibalis, Hasdrubal, quī ibi remānserat cum magnō exercitū, ā duō- bus Scīpiōnibus vincitur, perditque in pugnā trīgintā quīn- que mīlia hominum.

pugnāvit; The Roman army numbered So, ccc foot soldiers and 6ooo horse. Hannibal had only 40,c00 infantry and ro,o000 cavalry, but he drew up a much wider battle line than that of the Romans. When the battle began, Hannibal’s center fell back, drawing in the Roman center after it. Then the two wings advanced and attacked the Romans on both flanks. The cavalry, having routed the Roman horsemen, wheeled and assailed the Roman army in the rear. Thus the Romans were surrounded and mercilessly slaughtered. 8. virī cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī, i.e. ex-consuls or ex-praetors. r1. dignor, -ārī, -ātus, (dignus], deign. quod, a thing which. 12. manū-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, (send out of one’s hands), set free.

13. multae Italiae cīvitātēs, i.e. of southern Italy. 14. pāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, obey (with dative). 18. modius, -ī, m., measure (of grain), peck. 19. equitēs, -um, m., equites, members of the Equestrian Order. 21. ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus: P. Cornelius Scipio, who was wounded in the battle of Ticinus, and his brother, Cn. Cornelius Scipio. This defeat prevented Hasdrubal from reinforcing Hannibal.

Roman History 185

Form English derivatives from: impatiēns, mentiōnem, dignātus, manūmissī, trānstulērunt, redimerent, necessāriōs, dētrāxerat, remānserat.

Respondē:

1. Quō modo Hannibal ab Rōmānīs vincī potuit? 2. Quis ab Rōmānīs Cunctātor vocātus est? 3. Quis erat Americānus Fabius? 4. Quō proeliō Hannibal in Āpuliā Rōmānōs vīcit?
2. Nōnne Rōmānī post pugnam Cannēnsem pācem facere volēbant? 6. Quid Hannibal dē captīvīs Rōmānīs facere voluit? 7. Quid senātus Hannibalī respondit? S8. Quis erat Hasdrubal? 9. Ubi remānserat? i10. Quam ob rem Hanni- balī auxilium ferre nōn potuit?

War with Philip V. of Macedonia; Sicily is recovered by Marcellus and Laevinus

Annō quārtō postquam Hannibal in ītaliam vēnerat, M. Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Cam- pāniae, contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit. Illō tempore Philippus, Dēmētrī fīlius, rēx Macedoniae, ad Hannibalem lēgātōs mittit, eīque auxilia contrā Rōmānōs pollicētur.s Quī lēgātī cum ā Rōmānīs captī essent, M. Valerius Laevī- nus cum nāvibus missus rēgem cōpiās in ītaliam trāicere prohibuit. Idem in Macedoniam penetrāvit et rēgem Philippum vīcit.

In Siciliā quoque rēs prōsperē gesta est. Mārcellus io

2. Mārcellus, who defeated the Gauls in 222 B.C. See p. 171, l. 1.
3. contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit: This was Hannibal’s first defeat in Italy. 4. Macedonis, -ae, f., Macedonia, the country north of Greece. s. auxilia, -ōrum, n., (pl. of auxilium), auxiliary forces, auxiliaries. polliceor, -ērī, -itus, promise.

r10. In Siciliā: Hiero, Rome’s stanch ally, died shortly after the battle of Cannae, and within two years all Sicily joined Hannibal.

186 Easy Latin

magnam huius īnsulae partem cēpit, quam Poenī occupā- verant; Syrācūsās, nōbilissimam urbem, expugnāvit, et inde ingentem praedam Rōmam mīsit. Laevīnus in Mace- doniā cum multīs Graeciae populīs amīcitiam fēcit; et in

: 2 Neuips: sreāma pīe i=25ē22 ,

mx ī tal ēi2 ūJ. 2 .ce- 23 5 5

an ī-

• 5 .v
• 2

VIEwW OF SYRACUSE FROM THE ANCIENT THEATER

15 Siciliam profectus Hannōnem, Poenōrum ducem, apud Agrigentum cēpit; quadrāgintā cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, vīgintī sex expugnāvit. Ita omnī Siciliā receptā, cum ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est.

Find the Latin word suggested by: amity, auxiliaries, noble, predatory, trajectory.

12. Syrācūsās ... expugnāvit: The city was besieged for two years by Marcellus, whose operations were repeatedly blocked by the remarkable inventions of Archimedes, the famous mathematician.
13. Agrigentum, -ī, n., Agrigentum, a large city on the south coast of Sicily. dēditiō, -ōnis, f., [dēdōl], surrender. Roman History 187

Respondē:

1. Quis Hannibalem apud Nōlam vīcit? 2. Quid Philippus Hannibalī pollicitus est? 3. Quis Philippum in ītaliam cōpiās trāicere prohibuit? 4. Quī post pugnam Cannēnsem Siciliam occupāvērunt? 5. Quis magnam partem īnsulae cēpit?
2. Ubi Laevīnus Hannōnem, Poenōrum ducem, cēpit?

The youthful Scipio’s first campaign in Spain; Hasdrubal reaches Italy, but is slain in the battle of the Metaurus

Intereā in Hispāniam, ubi duo Scīpiōnēs ab Hasdrubale interfectī erant, missus est P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, vir Rōmā- nōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tem- pore ferē prīmus. Hīc, s puer duodēvīgintī an- nōrum, in pugnā ad Tīcī- num, patrem singulārī virtūte servāvit. Deinde post clādem Cannēnsem, 10

1. Intereā: The two Scipios, who defeated Hasdrubal in 216 B.C., pushed the war vigorously in Spain. But in 212 B.C. they made the mistake of dividing their forces, and were defeated and slain in 40 4 separate battles by the Car- PusLius CorNELIUS SCIPIO thaginians. Two years later,

when no one else ventured to take command against Hasdrubal, P. Cornelius Scipio, a mere youth, offered to do so, and was sent to Spain to avenge the death of his father and uncle. 4. aetās, -ātis, f., age, time. posterior, -ius, gen. ōris, [comp. of posterus], later. 10. Cann-ēnsis, -e, [Cannael, of-

188 Easy Latin

cum multī nōbilissimōrum iuvenum ītaliam dēserere cuper- ent, eōs auctōritāte suā ab hōc cōnsiliō dēterruit. Vīgintī quattuor annōrum iuvenis in Hispāniam missus, Carthā- ginem Novam cēpit, in quā omne aurum et argentum et 15 bellī apparātum Poenī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque ob- sidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant. Hōs obsidēs parenti- bus reddidit. Quā rē omnēs ferē Hispāniae cīvitātēs ad eum ūnō animō trānsiērunt. Ab eō tempore rēs Rōmānōrum in diēs laetiōrēs factae 20sunt. Hasdrubal ā frātre ex Hispāniā in ītaliam ēvocātus, ad Metaurum in īnsidiās incidit, et strēnuē pugnāns occīsus

Cannae. 12. dē-terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, frighten off, deter. 13. Car- thāgō Nova, New Carthage, a large town on the southeastern coast of Spain. 14. argentum, -ī, n., silver. 15. ap-parātus, -ūs, m., lad], equipment. obses, -idis, c., lobsideōl, hostage, a person given by a con- quered people as a guarantee of good faith.

19. in diēs, day by day. 20. Hasdrubal with a large army eluded Scipio and crossed the Pyrenees. In the spring of 207 B.C., following the same route that Hannibal took eleven years before, he crossed the Alps and arrived in Italy. It was a most critical time for the Romans. If Hasdrubal succeeded in joining forces with Hannibal in southern Italy, Rome was doomed. The nation’s fate turned on the merest chance. One Roman army was in the north under the command of Livius Salinator, while the other under Claudius Nero was in the south watching Hannibal. A message from Hasdrubal to his brother was intercepted and brought to Nero. Leaving camp at once with a picked force, Nero marched north with incredible swiftness and secrecy and joined his colleague. Together they surprised and over- whelmingly defeated Hasdrubal. 21. Metaurus, -ī, m., the Metaurus, a small river in Umbria, flowing into the Adriatic Sea. occīsus est: The first news of this disaster reached Hannibal when his brother’s head, which had been thrown into the camp, was brought to him. It was a sad, a bitter end to his long-cherished hope of rein- forcement. īet he had no thought of withdrawing from Italy. For four more years without any aid from Carthage he held his own in the

Roman History 189

est. Plūrimae autem cīvitātēs, quae in Bruttiīs ab Hanni- bale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt.

Form English derivatives from:

singulārī, servāvit, dēserere, auctōritāte, dēterruit, apparātum, parentibus, ūnō animō, ēvocātus, īnsidiās, incidit.

Respondē:

1. Quid duōbus Scīpiōnibus in Hispāniā accidit? 2. Quō modo P. Cornēlius Scīpiō, ubi erat puer, sē esse fortissimum praebuerat? 3. Quot annōs nātus est, ubi in Hispāniam missus est? 4. Quam urbem cēpit? 5. Quō modo Hispānōrum grātiam conciliāvit? 6. Quis cum magnō exercitū Alpēs trānsiit et in ītaliam vēnit? 7. Ubi eō tempore fuit Hannibal? S. Quid prohibuit Hasdrubalem cum frātre sē coniungere? 9: Quot annōs posteā Hannibal in ītaliā remānsit? r0. Ubi erat Bruttium?

Scipio invades Africa; final batile of 2ama

Annō decimō tertiō postquam in Italiam Hannibal vēnerat, Scīpiō cōnsul creātus est, et posterō annō in Āfri- cam missus est. Ibi contrā Hannōnem, ducem Carthā- giniēnsium, prōsperē pugnat, tōtumque eius exercitum dēlet. Secundō proeliō ūndecim mīlia hominum occīdit, s et castra cēpit cum quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus. Syphācem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē cum Poenīs coniūnx-

enemy’s country, like a hunted lion whom no one dared to approach. 22. Bruttiī, -ōrum, m., the Bruttii, inhabitants of Bruttium, a moun- tainous district in the extreme south of Italy.

1. Annō decimō tertiō ... vēnerat, ao5 B.C. 7. Syphāx, -ācis, m., Syphax. Numidia, -ae, f., Numidia, a country west of the Cartha- ginian territory. The capture of Syphax was exceedingly important, because the Numidian cavalry, which had so often brought disaster

190 Easy Latin

erat, cēpit, eumque cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs spoliīs Rōmam mīsit. Quā rē audītā, omnis ferē ītalia 10 Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus in Āfricam redīre iubētur. Ita annō decimō septimō ītalia ab Hanni- bale līberāta est. Post plūrēs pugnās, cum pāx plūs quam semel frūstrā temptāta esset, pugna ad Zamam committitur, in quā eī 15 perītissimī ducēs cōpiās suās ad bellum ēdūcēbant. Scīpiō victor discēdit; Hannibal cum paucīs equitibus ēvādit. Post hōc proelium pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō, cum Rōmam rediisset, ingentī glōriā triumphāvit, atque Africānus appellātus est. Sīc secundum Pūnicum bellum 20 fīnem accepīt annō ūndēvīcēsimō postquam coeperat.

Find the Latin word suggested by: infinite, nomads, in-delible, at-tempt. Respondē:

1. Quis in Āfricam missus est? 2. Quis erat dux Carthā- giniēnsium in Āfricā? 3. Quot proeliīs Scīpiō Hannōnem vīcit?
2. Quis erat Syphāx? 5. Quam ob rem Hannibal in Āfricam redīre coāctus est? 6. Ubi ultima pugna commissa est?
3. Quis victor discessit? 8. Quam ob rem Scīpiō est appellātus Africānus ? 9. Quot annōs secundum Pūnicum bellum dūrāvit?

to the Romans, from now on fought on their side. 13. semel, adv., once. cum pāx ... temptāta esset: Twice, after peace terms had been arranged, hostile outbreaks on the part of the Carthaginians caused a renewal of the war. 16. victor discēdit, comes off victorious. 17. pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est: 201 B.c. The terms of peace were: that Carthage should surrender Spain and her Mediter- ranean islands; give up all her fleet (except ten triremes) and her ele- phants; pay 2c0 talents (about 227,000) annually for fifty years;

transfer the kingdom of Numidia to Masinissa, a Roman ally; and agree to wage no war without the consent of Rome.

Roman History 191

War with Philip V. of Macedonia; with Antiochus the Great of Syria

Fīnītō Pūnicō bellō, secūtum est bellum Macedonicum contrā Philippum rēgem. Superātus est rēx ā T. Quīnctiō Flāminīnō apud Cynoscephalās, pāxque eī data est hīs lēgibus: nē Graeciae cīvitātibus, quās Rōmānī contrā eum dēfenderant, bellum īnferret; ut captīvōs et trānsfugās red- s deret; quīnquāgintā sōlum nāvēs habēret; reliquās Rō- mānīs daret; mīlle talenta praestāret, et obsidem daret fīium Dēmētrium. T. Quīnctius etiam Lacedaemoniīs intulit bellum, et ducem eōrum Nābidem vīcit.

Fīnītō bellō Macedonicō, secūtum est bellum Syriacum 10 contrā Antiochum rēgem, cum quō Hannibal sē iūnxerat.

1. Fīnītō Pūnicō bellō: After a war lasting seventeen years one would think that the Romans would wish to enjoy peace for a short time. But not so. Having crushed Carthage and acquired Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Spain, they turned their eyes toward the East. Philip V. of Macedonia had been a source of annoyance to them in the late war. He now attacked Athens, and was evidently bent on adding Greece to his dominion. In response to the request of the Greeks for aid, Rome declared war upon Philip in 200 B.c. Nothing was accom- plished for two years. Then Flāminīnus was appointed to take com- mand. 3. Cynos-cephalae, -ārum, f., [Greek for “Dog’s-heads”l, Cynoscephalae, two hills in east central Thessaly, where the battle took place in 197 B.c. In the following year at the Isthmian Games Flamininus evoked great enthusiasm among the Greeks by proclaim- ing their freedom from the Macedonian yoke. s. trāns-fuga, -ae, m., deserter. 6. sōlum, adv., Isōlus], only. 3. prae-stō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitus, furnish. 8. Lacedaemoniīs intulit bellum: Nabis, the “ty- rant” of Lacedaemon, had treacherously seized Argos. Flamininus brought him to terms in 195 B.C.

2. Syriacus, -a, -um, [Syrial, Syrian, of Syria, a country on the eastern end of the Mediterranean, extending northward to the Eu- phrates river and eastward to the Arabian desert. r1. Antiochus, -ī, m., Antiochus the Great. His dominion, which formerly belonged to

192 Easy Latin

Missus est contrā eum L. Cornēlius Scīpiō cōnsul, cui frāter eius Scīpiō Āfricānus lēgātus est additus. Hannibal nāvālī proeliō victus est. Antiochus autem ad Magnēsiam, Asiae

15 cīvitātem, ā Cornēliō Scīpiōne cōnsule ingentī proeliō fūsus est. Tum rēx Antiochus pācem petiit. Data est eī hāc lēge, ut ex Eurōpā et Asiā recēderet, atque intrā Taurum sē continēret, decem mīlia talentōrum et vīgintī obsidēs praebēret, Hannibalem, concitōrem bellī, dēderet. Scīpiō

20 Rōmam rediit, et ingentī glōriā triumphāvit. Ipse ad imi- tātiōnem frātris nōmen Asidāticī accēpit.

Form English derivatives from: Philippum, Syriacum, Magnēsiam, fūsus, recēderet, conti- nēret, imitātiōnem, Asiāticī.

Alexander the Great’s empire, included not only Syria, but a large part of Asia Minor. He was ambitious to extend it over the rest of Asia Minor and Greece, and his aggressiveness brought on the war with Rome in 192 B.c. Hannibal: For six years after the battle of Zama Hannibal remained in Carthage, doing much to reform the govern- ment and restore the city’s prosperity. Alarmed by a report that he was forming a secret alliance, the Romans forced him into exile. Hannibal then went to Antiochus and influenced him to make war on Rome. If the king had given him command of the army and carried out his suggestions, he might have been more successful; but he merely put him in command of the fleet. r3. lēgātus, i.e., Scipio Africanus served as lieutenant general under his brother. 14. Mag- nēsia, -ae, f., Magnesia, a city in western Asia Minor. Thnis battle took place in 189 B.c. 17. Taurus, -ī, m., the Taurus mountain range in southeastern Asia Minor. 19. con-citor, -ōris, m., ſcieō, stir upl, instigator. Hannibalem ... dēderet: Hannibal, however, escaped and fled to Prusias, king of Bithynia, a country bordering on the Black Sea. Again the Romans demanded the surrender of Hannibal, and Prusias treacherously sent a detachment of soldiers to capture him. But when Hannibal saw that his house was surrounded by them, he took a dose of poison, preferring to die thus rather than suffer an ignominious death at the hands of his relentless enemies.

Roman History 193

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Philippus? 2. Cui secundō Pūnicō bellō aux- ilium obtulit? 3. Quam terram nunc fīnibus suīs addere voluit?
2. Quis eum superāvit? 5. Quibus lēgibus pāx eī data est?
3. Quis erat Antiochus? 7. Quis eī persuāsit ut cum Rōmānīs bellum gereret? 8. Quī contrā Antiochum missīsunt? 9. Ubi Antiochus fūsus est? ro. Quō modo Hannibal mortuus est?
4. Uter erat maior imperātor, Hannibal an Scīpiō Āfricānus?

War uwith Perseus, the last king of Macedonia

Philippō, rēge Macedoniae, mortuō, fīlius eius Perseus rebellāvit, ingentibus cōpiīs ad bellum parātīs. Dux Rō- mānōrum, P. Licinius cōnsul, contrā eum missus, proeliō ā rēge victus est. Rēx tamen pācem petēbat. Cui Rōmānī eam praestāre nōluērunt, nisi hīs condiciōnibus, ut sē ets suōs Rōmānīs dēderet. Mox L. Aemilius Paulus cōnsul rēgem ad Pydnam superāvit, et vīgintī mīlia peditum eius occīdit. Equitātus cum rēge fūgit. Urbēs Macedoniae omnēs, quās rēx tenuerat, Rōmānīs sē dēdidērunt. īpse Perseus ab amīcīs dēsertus in Paulī potestātem vēnit. Hīc, ro multīs etiam aliīs rēbus gestīs, cum ingentī pompā Rōmam rediit in nāve Perseī, inūsitātae magnitūdinis; nam sēdecim rēmōrum ōrdinēs habuisse dīcitur. Triumphāvit magnifi- centissimē in currū aureō, duōbus fīliīs utrōque latere ad- stantibus. Ante currum inter captīvōs duo rēgis fīliī etss ipse Perseus ductī sunt.

1. Perseus rebellāvit: in the year r71 B.c. 6. Paulus was the son of the consul who died at Cannae. He was given command of the army in 168 B.c. 7. Pydna, -ae, f., Pydna, a town near the coast in Macedonia, north of Mt. Olympus. 15. duo rēgis fīliī et ipse Per- seus ductī sunt: After the triumphal procession Perseus was thrown into a dungeon. But Aemilius interceded in his behalf, and he was

194 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by:

pomp, rebel, ordinary, Paul, magnificently, mortuary, un- used.

Respondē:

1. Quis Philippō, rēgī Macedoniae, successit? 2. Cūr Per- seus cum Rōmānīs bellum gessit? 3. Quis prīmō proeliō vīcit?
2. Quibus condiciōnibus Rōmānī pācem dare voluērunt?
3. Quis dēnique rēgem superāvit? 6. Quid post proelium Perseō accidit? 7. In quantā nāvī Aemilius Rōmam rediit. S. In quālī currū Aemilius triumphāvit? 9. Quī ante currum ductī sunt?

The Third Punic War; Carthage is destroycd

Tertium deinde bellum contrā Carthāginem susceptum est sescentēsimō et alterō annō ab urbe conditā, annō quīn-

released and allowed to spend the rest of his days in honorable cap- tivity at Alba Longa.

1. Tertium deinde bellum contrā Carthāginem: During the fifty years that had elapsed after the Second Punic War, Carthage had recovered her commercial prosperity. The Romans no longer feared her in war, but they could not bear the thought of her becoming a rival again even in trade. There was a growing conviction that she must be destroyed. The statesman Cato particularly was alarmed by her rapid recovery and ended every speech he made in the Senate with the words, “Dēlenda est Carthāgō!”

A pretext for war was soon forthcoming. One of the conditions under which peace had been granted to Carthage in 201 B.C. was that she should not wage war without Rome’s consent. Taking advantage of this clause in the treaty, Masinissa, king of Numidia, Rome’s former ally, had constantly encroached upon Carthaginian territory. Protests from Carthage to Rome were of no avail. At last in s51 B.C., goaded on by a fresh seizure of lands, the Carthaginians went to war with Masinissa. Thereupon they were charged with breaking the treaty, and after long and fruitless negotiations in 149 B.C. the consuls

Roman History 195

quāgēsimō prīmō postquam secundum bellum Pūnicum trānsāctum erat. L. Mārcius Cēnsōrīnus et M’. Mānīlius cōnsulēs in Āfricam trāiēcērunt, et oppugnāvērunt Carthā- ginem. Multa ibi prae- clārē gesta sunt per Scīpiōnem, Scīpiōnis Āf- ricānī nepōtem, quī tribūnus in Āfricā mīlitā- bat. Apud omnēs ingēns erat metus et reverentia Scīpiōnis, neque quid- quam magis Carthā-

sailed with an army to Carthage. On arriving, they demanded that all arms and military stores in the city should be surrendered. Whnen this had been done, they announced that it was the will of the Roman Senate that Carthage should be destroyed, but that her citi- zens might, if they so desired, mes build another city ten miles Marcus Poxrcius Caro inland. At this the fury of the people knew no bounds. Obtaining a respite of thirty days, they secretly manufactured arms and strengthened the battlements, working day and night, so that when the consuls returned they found the city prepared for a siege. Thus began the Third Punic wWar. 2. ses-centēsimus, -a, -um, [sex 4 centum], six hundredth. 8. Scīpiō Aemiliānus, the son of Aemil- ius Paulus, conqueror of Perseus, was the adopted son of Cornelius Scipio, son of the great Scipio Africanus. 10. mīlitō, -āre, [mīles], (be a soldier), serve.

5 196 Easy Latin

15 giniēnsium ducēs vītābant, quam contrā eum proelium committere.

Cum iam magnum esset Scīpiōnis nōmen, tertiō annō postquam Rōmānī in Āfricam trāiēcerant, cōnsul ēst creā- tus, et contrā Carthāginem missus. Is hanc urbem ā

20 cīvibus ācerrimē dēfēnsam cēpit ac dīruit. Ingēns ibi praeda facta est, plūrimaque inventa sunt, quae dē mul- tārum cīvitātum excidiīs Carthāgō collēgerat. Haec omnia Scīpiō cīvitātibus ītaliae, Siciliae, Āfricae reddidit. īta Carthāgō dēlēta est septingentēsimō annō postquam condita

as erat. Scīpiō ‘“Āfricānus Minor” vocātus est.

Form English derivatives from:

trānsāctum, nepōtem, mīlitābat, reverentia, collēgerat, Minor.

Respondē:

1. Cūr Rōmānī contrā Carthāginem bellum gerere volēbant?

2. Quibus verbīs omnēs ōrātiōnēs Catōnis in senātū fīnītae sunt? 3. Quam causam bellī Rōmānī repperērunt? 4. Quid cōnsulēs Carthāginiēnsēs facere iussērunt? 5. Quid fēcērunt Carthāginiēnsēs? 6. Quis erat magnus dux Rōmānōrum in tertiō bellō Pūnicō? 7. Pugnāvērunt-ne Carthāginiēnsēs for- titer? 8. Postquam urbs expugnāta est, quid Scīpiō iussū senatūs fēcit? 9. Erat-ne aequum sīc dēlēre hanc pulcher- rimam urbem?

3. Is hanc urbem ... cēpit ac dīruit: It was a frightful siege, attended by indescribable scenes of fire and slaughter. The Cartha- ginians fought on in grim despair until they were almost extermin- ated. Then in accordance with the decree of the Senate this once proud and beautiful city was leveled to the ground, its site was plowed, and its soil was cursed that it might never again be rebuilt.

4. ex-cidium, -ī, n., [cadō], ruin.

Roman History 197 Metellus defeats Pseudo-Philib; Mummius destroys Corinth; three great triumphs celebrated in 146 BC.

Interim in Macedoniā quīdam Pseudophilippus arma mōvit, et P. Iuventium, Rōmānōrum ducem, ad interne-

TnE Srre orF ANCIENT CORINTH

Compare this with the view on page 142.

ciōnem vīcit. Post eum Q. Caecilius Metellus dux ā Rōmā- nīs contrā Pseudophilippum missus est, et, vīgintī quīnque mīlibus ex mīlitibus eius occīsīs, Macedoniam recēpit; ip-s sum etiam Pseudophilippum in potestātem suam redēgit.

1. Pseudo-philippus, [pseudo (Greek word), falsel, the False Philip, Pseudo- Philip, a pretender named Andriscus, who, playing upon his resemblance to Philip, son of King Perseus, claimed the throne in Macedonia. arma mōvit, stirred up war. 2. inter-neciō, -ōnis, f., [necō], annihilation. 5. Macedoniam recēpit: Macedonia became a Roman province in 146 B.C. 198 Easy Latin

Corinthiīs quoque bellum indictum est, nōbilissimae Graeciae cīvitātī, propter iniūriam Rōmānīs lēgātīs illātam. Hanc Mummius cōnsul cēpit ac dīruit.

10 Trēs igitur Rōmae simul celeberrimī triumphī fuērunt: Scīpiōnis ex Āfricā, ante cuius currum ductus est Hasdrubal; Metellī ex Macedoniā, cuius currum praecessit Āndris- cus, quī et Pseudophilippus dīcitur; Mummī ex Corinthō, ante quem signa aēnea et pīctae tabulae et alia urbis clā-

15 rissimae ōrnāmenta praelāta sunt.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

internecine, picture, pseudonym, precede, interim, celebrated, prefer.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Pseudophilippus? 2. Quis Macedoniam re- cēpit? 3. Cūr Rōmānī Graecīs bellum indīxērunt? 4. Quis Corinthum cēpit ac dīruit? 5. Quī trēs celeberrimī triumphī

2. Corinthiī, -ōrum, m., the Corinthians, inhabitants of Corinth. Constant dissensions among the Greeks compelled the Romans to interfere. 8. propter iniūriam Rōmānīs lēgātīs: In arresting some Lacedaemonians who had fled for refuge to the Romans, the houses of the Roman envoys were forcibly entered. This was a violation of the rights of ambassadors. 9. Hanc Mummius ... dīruit: Corinth like Carthage was utterly destroyed, another case of the wanton de- struction of a beautiful city by the Romans. r10. celeber, -bris, -bre, comp., celebrior, sup., celeberrimus, renowned, famous. r1. Has- drubal, the general in command during the siege of Carthage.

3. pingō, -ere, pīnxī, pīctus, paint; pīctae tabulae, paintings.

The celebration of these three triumphs in 146 B.C. marks the end of a most remarkable period of conquest in the history of Rome. In a little more than a century she had subdued Carthage, Macedonia, Greece, and Asia Minor. More than that she organized the conquered territory into provinces, which she governed with great firmness. This especially tended to give permanence to the great empire she built up.

Roman History 199

A ROMAN BRIDGCE IN SPAIN

This crosses the famous gorge at Ronda. 200 Easy Latin

simul Rōmae fuērunt? 6. Quō annō post urbem conditam fuērunt eī triumphī? 7. Quō annō ante Christum nātum?

Revellions in Spain

Annō sescentēsimō decimō post urbem conditam Viriā- thus in Lūsītāniā bellum contrā Rōmānōs excitāvit. Pāstor prīmō fuit, mox latrōnum dux; postrēmō tantōs ad bellum populōs concitāvit, ut vindex lībertātis Hispāniae exīsti-

s mārētur. Dēnique ā suīs interfectus est. Cum eius inter- fectōrēs praemium ā Caepiōne cōnsule peterent, respōnsum est, numquam Rōmānīs placuisse, imperātōrem ā mīlitibus suīs interficī.

Deinde bellum exortum est cum Numantīnīs, opulentis-

10simā cīvitāte Hispāniae. Ab hīs superātus, Q. Pompeius pācem ignōbilem fēcit. Post eum C. Hostīlius Mancīnus cōnsul iterum cum eīs fēcit īnfāmem pācem, quam populus et senātus iussit īnfringī, atque ipsum Mancīnum hostibus trādī. Tum P. Scīpiō Āfricānus in Hispāniam missus est.

2. Lūsītānia, -ae, f., Lusitania, a province on the west coast of Spain. 3. postrēmō, adv., finally. 4. vindex lībertātis Hispāniae: From 144 to 140 B.C. Viriathus defeated the Roman forces again and again. ex-īstimō, -āre, [aestimōl, think, regard. 5. inter-fector, -ōris, m., Iinterficiō], assassin.

3. Deinde, r41 B.C. Numantinī, -ōrum, m., [Numantia], Numan- tines, inhabitants of Numantia, a strongly fortified city in the north of Spain. Though the rest of this district had submitted to the Romans, Numantia still held out. r0. Pompeius and the Numan- tines had actually arranged the terms of a treaty, but when a new Roman general arrived, Pompeius basely denied ever entering into any negotiations for peace. 12. īnfāmis, -e, [fāmal, dishonorable. In order to avoid surrendering his army Mancinus and his officers signed a treaty with the Numantines. 13. īn-fringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctus, lfrangōl, break off. 14. Tum, 134 B.C. Sciīpiō, the destroyer of Carthage. His entire name was Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus

Roman History 2o01

Is prīmum mīlitem ignāvum et corruptum corrēxit; tum multās Hispāniae cīvitātēs partim bellō cēpit, partim in dēditiōnem accēpit. Postrēmō ipsam Numantiam famē ad dēditiōnem coēgit, urbemque ēvertit; reliquam prōvinciam in fidem accēpit.

Form English derivatives from:

excitāvit, pāstor, vindex, opulentissimā, ignōbilem, īnfāmem, īnfringī, corruptum, corrēxit.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Lūsītānia? 2. Quis erat Viriāthus? 3. Cūr Viriāthus vindex lībertātis Hispāniae exīstimātus est? 4. Num quī imperātor Rōmānus vViriāthum vīcit? 5. Quō modo mortuus est? 6. Ubi erat Numantia? 7. Quot annōs Rō-

mānī Numantiam obsidēbant? S8. Quis postrēmō urbem cēpit?

In the early Republic, as we have seen, the Romans were a people of good morals, honest, industrious, and thrifty. But during the period of conquest their character had changed greatly. This is hardly to be wondered at. Within a century and a half this small country with no interest in neighboring lands had expanded into a large and powerful empire. Immense wealth was now flowing into it from the provinces. Commerce with other nations was flourishing. Business at home was prosperous. Poor indeed was the citizen who did not own at least one slave!

It was precisely this sudden acquisition of wealth that grad- ually undermined the character of the Romans. The peasant farms were swallowed up in vast estates that were worked by slaves. Industry declined. Centact with the Greeks and

Africanus Minor! 15. mīlitem, here used collectively, soldiery. 17. Postrēmō, in 133 B.C. 18. urbemque ēvertit: The city was destroyed and its inhabitants were sold into slavery.

202 Easy Latin

Orientals induced a taste for luxury and loose living. Far- sighted Romans like Cato and the Gracchi earnestly strove to repress these evils, but it was in vain. Widespread education and a pure religion might have checked the advanc- ing tide, but there were no schools for the common people and they had lost the simple faith of their fathers. The city was filled with a rabble who cared for little more than to be amused by the games of the Circus and gladia- torial exhibitions. Even the Senate, which had governed so wisely in the past, had largely become corrupt, and was thus unfit to rule the state. Such vwere the conditions in Rome at the beginning of this period of her history.

War with Jugurtha, king of

Numidia P. Scīpiōne Nāsīcā et L. Calpurniō Bēstiā Mariws

cōnsulibus, Iugurthae, He was one of the most picturesque Numidārum rēgī bellum characters of the Roman Republic. H

s illātum est, quod Adherbalem et Hiempsalem, Micipsae

1. P. Scīpiōne ... cōnsulibus, i.e., r11 B.C. 32. Iugurtha, a grandson of Masinissa, was a brave and able prince, but utterly un- scrupulous. s. quod, on the charge that, hence the subj. interēmisset. Micipsa, who succeeded Masinissa, was Jugurtha’s uncle. At his

Roman History 203

fīliōs, patruēlēs suōs interēmisset. Adversus eum cōnsul Calpurnius Bēstia missus est, sed corruptus rēgis pecūniā pācem cum eō flāgitiōsissimam fēcit, quae ā senātū impro- bāta est.

Dēnique Q. Caecilius Metellus cōnsul Iugurtham variīs 1o proeliīs vīcit, elephantōs eius occīdit vel cēpit, multās cīvitātēs ipsīus in dēditiōnem accēpit. Eī successit C. Marius, quī bellō terminum posuit, ipsumque Iugurtham cēpit. Ante currum triumphantis Marī vinctus, Iugurtha cum duōbus fīliīs ductus est, et mox iussū cōnsulis in car-ss cere strangulātus est.

Find the Latin word suggested by: pecuniary, successor, strangle, corrupted, various. Respondē:

1. Quis erat Iugurtha? 2. Quam ob rem Rōmānī Iugurthae bellum intulērunt? 3. Cūr cōnsul Calpurnius cum Iugurthā

death he left the throne to his two sons and Jugurtha in common, but Jugurtha put his cousins to death. 6. patruēlis, -is, m., patruus, unclel, cousin. 8. flāgitiōsus, -a, -um, Iflāgitium, disgracel, disgrace- ful. im-probō, -āre, disavow. r0. Dēnique, 109 B.C. II. vel, conj., or. 12. C. Marius was born of poor parents at Arpinum, a small town in Latium. He entered the army and served with distinction under Scipio at the siege of Numantia. Metellus appointed him lieutenant in the war with Jugurtha. Wwhen Metellus, notwithstanding his vic- tories, did not succeed in subduing Jugurtha, Marius became a candi- date for the consulship, and, being elected, superseded his commander. 13. Iugurtham cēpit: This was done through the aid of Bocchus, king of Mauretania, Jugurtha’s father-in-law, who treacherously offered to surrender him to the Romans. The dangerous task of capturing Jugurtha was intrusted by Marius to a brilliant young officer by the name of Sulla, whose success in this daring expedition brought him great fame. 15. in carcere Mamertīnō: See note to carcer on page r41. Whnen Jugurtha was thrust into the dungeon, he exclaimed, ‘“By Hercules, how cold your bath is!”

204 Easy Latin

pācem fēcit? 4. Num Iugurtha pecūniā Metellum corrumpere potuit? s. Quis bellō terminum posuit? 6. Quis Iugurtham cēpit? 7. Quid Rōmae Iugurthae accidit?

The Cimbri and Teutones defeated by C. Marius

Dum bellum in Numidiā contrā Iugurtham geritur, Cimbrī et Teutonēs aliaeque Germānōrum et Gallōrum gentēs ītaliae minābantur, plūrēsque Rōmānōrum exercitūs fūdērunt. Ingēns fuit Rōmae timor, nē iterum Gallī urbem

s occupārent. Ergō Marius cōnsul est creātus bellumque eī contrā Cimbrōs et Teutonēs dēcrētum est; bellōque prō- trāctō, eī tertius et quārtus cōnsulātus dēlātus est. In proeliō cum Teutonibus ad Aquās Sextiās ducenta mīlia hostium cecīdit, octōgintā mīlia cēpit, eōrumque rēgem

10 Teutobodum; propter quod meritum absēns quīntum cōn-

2. Cimbrī et Teutonēs, the Cimbri and Teutones, powerful German tribes which migrated southward. 3. minor, -ārī, -ātus, threaten; takes the dative. plūrēsque Rōmānōrum exercitūs fūdērunt: Be- tween 113 and 105 B.C. six Roman armies were decisively defeated by the barbarians. 4. iterum, a second time, as they had done before in 390 B.C. 5. Marius cōnsul est creātus: Marius had been consul in 107 B.c. According to the Roman constitution no magistrate was eligible for reelection until an interval of ten years had elapsed. But the danger was so imminent that this restriction was repeatedly set aside in the case of Marius. 6. bellō prōtrāctō: Fortunately for the Romans the barbarians went off into Spain and did not return to Gaul for two years. During that time Marius reorganized the Roman army and brought it up to a high standard of training and discipline.
3. dē-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, confer. 8S. In proeliō cum Teutonibus, 102 B.c. The two tribes had separated, the Cimbri marching round north of the Alps to invade Italy farther east. Aquae Sextiae (modem Aix) was in southern Gaul, not far from Massilia (Marseilles).
4. Teutobodus was a giant, said to be so strong that he could leap over six horses at once. meritum, -ī, n., [mereōl, service. absēns,

Roman History 205

sul creātus est. Intereā Cimbrī in ītaliam trānsiērunt. Iterum ā C. Mariō et Q. Catulō contrā eōs dīmicātum est ad Vercellās. Centum et quadrāgintā mīlia aut in pugnā aut in fugā caesa sunt; sexāgintā mīlia capta sunt. Tria et trīgintā signa Cimbrīs sublāta sunt.

Form English derivatives from: Teutonēs, prōtrāctō, cōnsulātus, meritum, absēns.

Respondē:

1. Ex quā terrā vēnērunt Cimbrī et Teutonēs? 2. Cūr Rōmānī Gallōs tantopere timēbant? 3. Cui bellum contrā barbarōs dēcrētum est? 4. Quotiēs in hōc bellō Marius est

creātus cōnsul? s. Ubi Teutonēs fūsī sunt? 6. Quō intereā Cimbrī profectī sunt? 7. Ubi Cimbrī victī sunt?

War with the Iialian allies; with Mithridates; Civil War

Sescentēsimō sexāgēsimō quārtō annō ab urbe conditā in ītaliā gravissīmum bellum exārsit. Nam Pīcentēs, Mārsī, Paelignīque, quī multōs annōs populō Rōmānō oboedierant, aequa cum illīs iūra sibi darī postulābant. Perniciōsum

(although) absent. Candidates for office were required to be in Rome. quīntum, adv., [quīntus], for the fifth time. 13. Vercellae, a town in northern Italy, west of Mediolānum (Milan). 15. Cimbrīs: what case? why?

1. Date: go B.C. 2. ex-ārdēscō, -ere, -ārsī, -ārsus, [ārdeō], blaze out. Pīcentēs, -ium, m., [Pīcēnuml, the Picenes, inhabitants of Pice- num, a district in central Italy, bordering on the Adriatic Sea. Mārsī, -ērum, m., the Marsi, a people east of Latium. 3. Paelignī, -ōrum, m., the Paeligni, inhabitants of a district northeast of the Marsi. These three peoples with five others, including the Samnites, Apulians, and Lucanians, had long been clamoring for Roman citizen- ship on the ground that since they fought side by side with the Ro- mans, they were entitled to all the privileges of citizens. 4. per- niciōsus, -a, -um, [necēl, destructive.

15 206 Easy Latin

s admodum hōc bellum fuit. P. Rutīlius cōnsul in eō occīsus est; plūrēs exercitūs sunt fūsī fugātīque.

Tandem L. Cornēlius Sulla nōn sōlum alia ēgregiē gessit, sed etiam 10 Cluentium, hostium du- cem, cum magnīs cōpiīs fūdit. Rōmānī tamen, bellō fīnītō, iūs cīvitātis, quod prius negāverant, 15 sociīs tribuērunt.

Annō urbis conditae sescentēsimō sexāgēsimō sextō prīmum Rōmae bellum cīvīle exortum cz0 est; eōdem annō etiam bellum Mithridāticum. Causam bellō cīvīlī C. Marius dedit. Nam cum Sullae bellum adversus 2s Mithridātem, rēgem Pontī, dēcrētum esset, Marius eī hunc honōrem ēripere cōnātus est. Sed Sulla, quī

SuLLa

The relentless foe of Marius.

5. ad-modum, adv., (to the limit), exceedingly. 7. Tandem, in 89-88 B.c. 25. Mithridātēs, -is, m., Mithridates, king of Pontus, a country south of the Black Sea. Powerful in body and vigorous in mind c(he is said to have mastered twenty-two languages!), this able and ambitious monarch gave Rome no end of trouble. Enlarging. his dominion toward the south, he pushed westward and did not hesitate to invade the Roman province of Asia. After war had been declared, in S8 n.cC. he issued an order for the simultaneous massacre of all the Roman citizens in Asia Minor, in consequence of which 8o,00c0 persons perished on the same day. 27. Marius eī hunc Roman History 207

adhūc cum legiōnibus suīs in ītaliā morābātur, cum exer- citūī Rōmam vēnit, et adversāriōs cum interfēcit, tum fugāvit. Tum rēbus Rōmae utcumque compositīs, in so Asiam profectus est, plūribusque proeliīs Mithridātem coēgit ut pācem ā Rō- mānīs peteret, et Asiā quam invā- serat relīctā, rēgnī suī fīnibus contentus esset. 35

Find the Latin word suggested by:

MrTHRIDATES

One of the most inter- pernicious, compose, obedient, conative, esting kings in history. invade, civil, arson, negative, content, adversary.

Respondē:

1. Quid sociī ītalicī sibi postulābant? 2. Quis sociōrum cōpiās fūdit? 3. Num Rōmānī posteā sociīs iūs cīvitātis negāvērunt? 4. Quis erat Mithridātēs? 5. Cūr Rōmānī bel- lum contrā Mithridātem dēcrēvērunt? 6. Quis contrā rēgem missus est? 7. Quis eī hunc honōrem ēripere cōnātus est?
2. Quid deinde fēcit Sulla? 9. Quid Sulla Mithridātem facere coēgit?

Civil war between Marius and Sulla

Sed dum Sulla in Graeciā et Asiā Mithridātem vincit Marius, quī fugātus erat, et L. Cornēlius Cinna, ūnus ex

honōrem ēripere cōnātus est: The appointment to command the Roman expedition against Mithridates naturally fell to Sulla, as he had been elected consul. Nevertheless, through the aid of a tribune, Marius succeeded in forcing a resolution through the assembly that he should be given the appointment instead of Sulla. 28. moror, -ārī, -ātus, mora], delay. Sulla was still occupied in subduing the Italian allies. 29. cum ... tum, either... or. 30. ut-cum-que, adv., in one way or another. 31. in Asiam profectus est, in 7 B.C.

1. dum Sulla... Mithridātem vincit, 87 B.C. 2. Marius, quī 208 Easy Latin

cōnsulibus, bellum in ītaliā reparāvērunt, et ingressī Rō-

mam nōbilissimōs ex senātū et cōnsulārēs virōs interfēcē-

s runt; multōs prōscrīpsērunt; ipsīus Sullae domō ēversā,

fīliōs et uxōrem ad fugam compulērunt. Universus reliquus

senātus ex urbe fugiēns ad Sullam in Graeciam vēnit, ōrāns ut patriae subvenīret.

Sulla in ītaliam trāiēcit, hostium exercitūs vīcit, mox

10 etiam urbem ingressus est, quam caede et sanguine cīvium

replēvit. Quattuor mīlia inermium cīvium, quī sē dēdide-

fugātus erat: When Sulla in 8Sē s.c. entered Rome in triumph at the head of his army, Marius escaped and reached the coast of Latium. Here he wandered about for many days, hunted like a wild beast. Captured in the marshes near Minturnae, he was cast into a prison and a slave was sent to dispatch him. But when the slave entered the dark dungeon, saw Marius’s eyes glaring at him, and heard his terrible voice crying, ‘“Man, durst thou murder Gaius Marius?”, he dropped his sword and fled. Then the magistrates of Minturnae relented and put Marius on board a boat that landed him near the ruins of Carthage. Forced to leave even that desolate place, he took refuge in the island of Cercina. Once, when he was a boy, an eagle’s nest with seven little eagles had fallen into his lap. That he said was an omen that he should be consul seven times. He had already held six consulships, and now he was returning to Rome in the hope that the prophecy would be fulfilled. 3. in-gredior, -ī, -gressus, (gradior], enter. 5. prō-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus, post, publish, proscribe. The property of a “proscribed ” person was posted up, i.e., advertised for sale. What was worse, a reward was offered to any one who would slay the “proscribed.” This massacre of citiens lasted for five days. Then Marius and Cinna proclaimed themselves consuls for the follow- ing year (86). Marius, however, held his seventh consulship for a very brief time. Exhausted by his terrible sufferings, he was stricken with fever and died on the eighteenth day after he became consul. 6. ūni-versus, -a, -um, [ūnus H vertōl, entire, all. 8. sub-venīō, -iīre, -vēnī, -ventus, come to help, with the dative. g9. Sulla in ftaliam trāiēcit, S3 B.C. 11. re-pleō, -ēre, fill again. in-ermis, -e, arma], unarmed.

Roman History 209

rant, interficī iussit; duo mīlia Equitum et Senātōrum prō- scrīpsit. Tum dē Mithridāte triumphāvit. Duo haec bella fūnestissima, bellum Italicum, quod et sociāle dictum est, et bellum cīvīle, cōnsūmpsērunt ultrā centum et quīnquā- gintā mīlia hominum, virōs cōnsulārēs vīgintī quattuor, praetōriōs septem, aedīliciōs sexāgintā, senātōrēs ferē ducentōs.

[5l

5

Form English derivatives from:

reparāvērunt, ingressī, prōscrīpsērunt, compulērunt, ūniver- sus, subvenīret, replēvit, inermium, cōnsūmpsērunt, ultrā.

Respondgē:

1. Quis Marium fugāverat? 2. Quō Marius effūgit?

2. Ubi Rōmam ingressī sunt, quid fēcērunt Marius et Cinna?

3. Quotiēs erat Marius cōnsul? s. Quandō mortuus est?

4. Ubi Sulla Rōmam rediit, ignōvit-ne suīs hostibus? 7. Quot cīvēs bellum ītalicum et bellum cīvīle cōnsūmpsērunt? 8. Num erat senātus dignus quī diūtius cīvitātem regeret?

5. fūnestus, -a, -um, [fūnusl], destructive. et, also. 15. ultrā, adv., more than. rj. aedīlicius, -a, -um, laedīlis], of aedile rank, ex-aedile.

VIRī RōMAE

We have now traced the growth of Rome from a small town to a world empire. She had acquired prestige among other nations and was enjoying prosperity at home. Nevertheless, as we have just read, the conditions that prevailed in the city were intoler- able.

Nor was there any improvement during the next thirty years.

A constant succession of robberies, murders, riots, and conspir- acies terrorized the citizens. Abroad Roman armies were busily occupied with an insurrection of slaves and gladiators in Italy and Gaul, a rebellion in Spain, and a second war with Mithri- dates. The seas swarmed with pirates. It was not simply misgovernment, it was anarchy! The Republic, which had begun so promisingly, had proved to be a failure, — not because it was a republic, but because the governing body, the Senate, had become utterly weak and corrupt. If Rome was to survive at all, it could only be through a different form of government, with absolute power centered in the hands of a single strong man. In the Latin that follows we have an account of the remark- able life and achievements of the great Roman statesman who was destined to effect this change and establish an imperial government, under which Rome was to endure for four hundred years longer.

TrrLĒ: Charles Francois Lhomond, Professor at the University of Paris, toward the end of the eighteenth century compiled the his- tory of a number of distinguished Romans. The following life of

Caesar is taken from his Virī Rōmae. 2I0

Virī Rōmae 211I

Gārus IōLius CAESAR Caesar defies Sulla

C. Iūlius Caesar, genitus nōbilissimā Iūliōrum familiā, agēns sextum et decimum annum patrem āmīsit. Cornē-

CAESAR

The famous Naples bust, generally thought to be idealized.

liam, Cinnae fīliam, in mātrimōnium dūxit. Sulla, cum Cinna esset inimīcissimus, Caesarem voluit compellere ut eam repudiāret; id au- tem efficere nōn potuit. Quā rē Caesar, cum bonīs spoliātus etiam ad necem quaererētur, mū- tātā veste nocte ex urbe ēlāpsus est, et quam-

I. genitus, roo B.C. Iūliī, -ōrum, m., the Julians, mem- bers of the patrician gēns Iūlia, who claimed to be descended from Iālus, grand- son of Venus and Anchises. Iūlus was a name or title of Ascanius. See note to An- chīsēs, page 129, line 6; also page 129, lines 1I—4. 2. agēns sextum et decimum annum:

See note to agō, page 180, line 4. 3. Cinna, colleague of Marius in his seventh consulship. Marius, too, had married Caesar’s aunt. Nat- urally, therefore, in spite of his patrician descent, Caesar belonged to the Marian or democratic party, known as the populārēs. 6. in- imīcus, -a, -um, lamīcus], unfriendly, hostile. 8. re-pudiō, -ēre, [pudet, it shames], put away, divorce. 12. nex, necis, f., [necō], murder. 14. ē-lābor, -ī, -lāpsus, slip away, escape.

5 212 Easy Latin

15 quam febris quārtānae morbō labōrābat, prope per sing- ulās noctēs latebrās commūtāre cōgēbātur. Est adeō comprehēnsus ā Sullae lībertō atque vix pecūniā datā ēvāsit nē ad Sullam perdūcerētur. Postrēmō per pro- pinquōs et affīnēs suōs veniam impetrāvit.

20 Sulla quidem, cum amīcissimī et ōrnātissimī virī prō Caesare dēprecārentur, aliquamdiū abnuit. Cum autem illī pertināciter contenderent, expugnātus tandem “Vin- cite,” inquit, “dum modo sciātis eum iuvenem aliquandō optimātium partibus exitiō futūrum esse. Nam Caesarī

25 multī Mariī īnsunt!”

Find the Latin word suggested by:

fever, repudiate, single, elapse, pertinacious, quartan, propin- quity, inimical, in-mutable, agenda, affinity, optimates, deprecate.

Respondē:

1. Quō annō nātus est Caesar? 2. Quā familiā genitus est?

2. Quandō patrem āmīsit? 4. Quid Sulla Caesarem facere

3. febris, -is, f., fever, ague. quārtānus, -a, -um, [quārtus], quartan. The quartan ague was an intermittent fever, recurring every third day. As the Romans counted both the day of its appearance in the patient as well as the day of its reappearance, they called it the fever of the fourth (day). labōrō, -āre, [laborl, suffer. per singulās noctēs, every single night. 16. latebra, -ae, f., lateō], hiding place. adeō, adv., even. 18. propinquus, -ī, c., kinsfole. 19. af-fīnis, -is, c., lad], relation (by marriage). 20. ōrnātus, -a, -um, distinguished.

4. dē-precor, -ārī, -ātus, pray, intercede. ali-quam-diū, adv., for some time. ab-nuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtus, refuse (by a nod), deny ones request.

5. per-tināciter, adv., [tenāx], persistently. ex-pugnātus, (taken by storm), yielding. “vVincite,”” “Have your own way.” 24. optimās, -ātis, m., loptimusl, aristocrat; optimātium partēs, party of the aristoc- racy, an aristocracy of office, not of birth, i.e., of men whose ancestors had held the office of quaestor, curule aedile, praetor, or consul. exitiō, (for) the ruin; dative of Purpose, used often, as here, with another dative, partibus. īn-sum, -esse, -fuī, —, be in; with dative Caesaxrī.

Virī Rōmae 213

voluit? 5. Quō modo Caesar ex urbe effūgit? 6. Quid per multās noctēs facere cōgēbātur? 7. Quō modo ē manibus Sullae lībertī effūgit? 8. Quī prō Caesare pertināciter dēpre-

cābantur? 9. Quid Sulla dē Caesare dīxit?

Caesar’s first military service; he is captured by pirates; his revenge

Stīpendia prīma in Asiā fēcit. In expugnātiōne Mitylē- nārum corōnā cīvicā dōnātus est.

Mortuō Sullā, Rhodum sēcēdere statuit, ut per ōtium Apollōniō Molōnī, tunc clārissimō dīcendī magistrō, operam daret. Hūc dum trāicit, ā praedōnibus captus est mānsit- que apud eōs prope quadrāgintā diēs. Per omne autem illud spatium ita sē gessit, ut pīrātīs pariter terrōrī venerā- tiōnīque esset.

Interim comitēs servōsque dīmīsit ad expediendās pecū- niās, quibus redimerētur. Vigintī talenta pīrātae postu- lāverant; ille sē quīnquāgintā datūrum esse spopondit. Quibus numerātīs, cum expositus esset in lītore, cōnfestim Mīlētum, quae urbs proximē aberat, properāvit, ibique

1. stīpendium, -ī, n., pay; often pl., military service. ex-pugnātiō, -ōnis, f., [pugnōl, storming. Mitylēnae, -ārum, f., Mitylene, principal city in the island of Lesbos, a large island in the Aegean Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor. 2. corōna cīvica, the civic crown, a wreath of oak leaves, was awarded for saving the life of a citizen in battle. 3. Mortuō Sullā: Sulla died in 78 B.c. Rhodus, -ī, f., Rhodes, a prosperous city in the island of Rhodes south of Asia Minor, famed for its schools of rhetoric. ōtium, -ī, n., leisure. 4. Apollōnius Molō was a celebrated teacher of oratory at Rhodes. dīcendī, gen. of the gerund from dīcō, of speaking, oratory. opera, -ae, f., lopus], attention; operam dare, study under. s. praedō, -ōnis, m., Ipraedal, robber, pirate.
2. pīrāta, -ae, m., pirate. pariter, adv., [pār], equally. venerātiō, -ōnis, f., [veneror], respect. 9. ex-pediō, -īre, (pēs], procure.
3. spondeō, -ēre, spopondī, spōnsus, promise. 12. numerō, -āre, count out, pbay. cēn-festim, adv., speedily. 13. Mīlētus, -i, f., Miletus, a

m

L

ē 214 Easy Latin

contrāctā classe, invectus in eum locum in quō ipsī prae-

15 dōnēs erant, partem classis fugāvit, partem mersit, aliquot nāvēs cēpit, pīrātāsque in potestātem redāctōs eō suppliciō, quod illīs inter iocum saepe minātus erat, affēcit crucīque suffīxit.

Form English derivatives from:

stīpendia, corōnā, cīvicā, dōnātus, pīrātīs, venerātiōnī, spo- pondit, numerātīs, contrāctā, iocum, crucī, suffixit.

Respondē:

1. Ubi Caesar prīma stīpendia fēcit? 2. Quam ob rem corōnam cīvicam accēpit ? 3. Cūr Caesar Rhodum iīvit?
2. Ā quibus Caesar captus est? s. Quot talenta pīrātae postu- lāvērunt? 6. Quot talenta Caesar pīrātīs dedit? 7. Quid posteā Caesar fēcit?

Caesar’s ambition is awakened; his munificence as aedile

Caesarī quaestōrī ulterior Hispānia obvēnit. Quō pro- fectus, cum Alpēs trānsīret et ad cōnspectum cuiusdam

city on the southwest coast of Asia Minor. proximē, adv., Isup. of prope], nearest. 14. con-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus, bring together, assemble. invectus, sc. nāve, having sailed. 13. illīs, dative with minātus erat. iocus, -ī, m., joke. crux, crucis, f., cross. 18. suf- fīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxus, [subl, fasten; crucī suffīgere, crucify.

1. Caesarī quaestōrī: To Caesar as quaestor. On his return from the East Caesar had plunged enthusiastically into politics and soon was the recognized leader of his party. He was thirty-three years old, when he was elected to the quaestorship, which was a stepping-stone to the higher magistracies. At this time there were twenty quaestors. They were state treasurers, having charge of the public funds in con- nection with the city, the provinces, and the armies. Ten of the quaestors accompanied the proconsuls and propraetors to the various provinces. All assignments of quaestors were made by lot. ulterior Hispānia, Farther Spain, in the southwestern part of the peninsula.

Virī Rōmae 215

pauperis vīcī comitēs per iocum inter sē disputārent num illīc etiam esset ambitiōnī locus, Caesar sēriō dīxit sē mālle

ibi prīmum esse quams

Rōmae secundum. Dominātiōnis avidus ā prīmā aetāte rēgnum concupīscēbat, semper- que in ōre habēbat hōs Eurīpidis, Graecī poētae, versūs:

Nam sī violandum est iūs, rēgnandī grātiā

Violandum est; aliīs rē- bus pietātem colās.

Cumque Gādēs, quod est Hispāniae oppidum,

ob-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus, come or fall (by lot). 3. num, conj., whether. 4. sēriō, EURIPIDES adv., I[sērius], seriously.

In the time of Caesar and Cicero, all 8. rēgnum, A, n., Iregōl,

educated Romans were familiar with (sovereign) pouer. 9: con- Creek literature. cupīscō, -ere, -cupivi, -cu-

pītus, linceptive from cupiō], greatly desire. 10. in ōre habēre, have on one’s tongue. 11. Eur-- pidēs, -is, m., Euripides, a famous tragic poet of Athens (480- 406 B.c.). The verses were rendered into Latin by Cicero. 13. violō, -āre, violate. How should the gerundive be translated when used with the verb “to be ”? See note to faciendum, page r64, line 16. 14. grātiā, for the sake; like causā, it is always preceded by the genitive it governs. r16. pietātem colās, one should observe justice; Jussive Subjunctive in the second person with indefinite force. r7. Gādēs, -ium, f., Gades (modern Cadig), a city on the south coast. quod:

10 216 Easy Latin

vēnisset, imāgine magnī Alexandrī apud Herculis templum

20 animadversā ingemuit, et, quasi ignāviae eum pertaedēret, quod nihildum memo- rābile āctum esset ā sē in eā aetāte quā iam Alex- ander orbem terrārum

25 subēgisset, continuō mis- siōnem efflāgitāvit, ut quam prīmum in urbe maiōrum rērum occā- siōnēs captāret.

so Caesar aedīlis praeter Comitiumac Forumetiam

Observe that the relative, in- stead of agreeing with its antecedent Gādēs in the fem. gender and pl. number, is in the neuter sing., being at- tracted to the gender and CicErO

number of the predicate noun

oppidum. r19. imāgō, -inis, f., statue. Alexander, -drī, m., Alexander the Great of Macedonia (356-323 B.C.). 20. in-gemō, -ere, -uī, —, sigh deeply. ignāvia, -ae, f., lin H (g)nāvus, busyl, inactivity, lasiness. per-taedet, -ēre, -taesum est, impersonal, it disgusts; note the case of eum and ignāviae. Translate quasi... pertaedēret freely, ‘as if he were disgusted with his lainess” Such Clauses of Comparison regu- larly take the subj. 21. nihil-dum, n., indecl., nothing as yet. quod... āctum esset, a Causal Clause taking the subj., because it expresses Caesar’s thought, not the writer’s. 25. con-tinuō, adv., [teneōl, forthwith. missiō, -ēōnis, f., [mittōl, discharge, dismissal. 26. ef- flāgitō, -āre, [ex], earnestly request. 27. quam with the superlative de- notes as possible; quam prīmum, as soon as possible. 28. maiōrum rērum occāsiōnēs captāret, ‘he might seize the opportunities for greater achievements.’ ;30. aedīlis, -is, m., aedile. Caesar was elected curule

Virī Rōmae 217

Capitōlium porticibus ōrnāvit. Vēnātiōnēs autem lūdōsque et cum collēgā L. Bibulō et sēparātim ēdidit; quō factum est, ut sōlus commūnium impēnsārum grātiam caperet. Hīs autem rēbus patrimōnium effūdit tantumque aes aliēnumss

5 mm-€”sm 5 y: . : ā: 554 u 2 mm stnī m2 ; - peurrnms

• • anxre i

I 5 1 I 5 5 5 5 5 l

x5rm: ĒludM

. 5 =x evec44 4

4:: īāā. īT. 5uīLxī 03 .g- t44 mii 15 5 ”-

vāūn4.

BēC. : : Ēōm n 5 r-- . - 5.f b i p r n ; ,. x. ! 5 5 urtiuaesuv xī4 : - : 5 5

Li

Tune CoLosseum ar ROoME Here the great games were held. This old print represents the combats between gladiators and wild beasts.

aedile for the year 65 B.c. There were four aediles, two plebeian and two curule. They were commissioners of trade, of streets and buildings, and of games. In order to become popular they generally provided the games at their own expense. 31. Comitium, -ī, n., [com- 4 eōl, the Comitium, an open space at the north end of the Forum, which was used for the Roman assemblies. 32. porticus, -ūs, m., porta, colonnade. Vēnātiōnēs: See story of Androclus and the Lion, page 122. In the exhibitions furnished by Caesar the wild beasts’ cages were of silver and the gladiators wore silver armor. 33. sē-parātim, adv., lsē-, apart 4 parōl, separately. quō factum est, ‘ the result was.’ 34. com-mūnis, -e, lmūnus], joint. im-pēnsa, -ae, f., [pendō, veigh out, payl, expense. sōlus ... grātiam caperet, i.e. Caesar received the sole credit for the exhibitions which were given at the joint expense of Bibulus and himself. 35. ef-fundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsus, ſex], (pour 218 Easy Latin

cōnflāvit, ut ipse dīceret sibi opus esse mīliēs centēna mīlia sēstertium, ut habēret nihil.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

pauper, separately, ulterior, image, patrimony, verse, memo- rable, ex-pense, dispute, continuous, serious, common, violate, ambition, poet, avid, portico.

Respondē:

1. Quot quaestōrēs Rōmae creātī sunt quotannīs? 2. Quae erant officia quaestōris? 3. Quō Caesar quaestor profectus est? 4. Quō modo Caesaris ambitiō suscitāta est? 5. Num aliquandō violandum est iūs? 6. Alexandrī imāgine animad- versā, quid fēcit Caesar? 7. Quō modo Caesar aedīlis plēbī grātus factus est? 8S. Quantum pecūniae opus erat Caesarī, ut nihil habēret?

Caesar’s consulship; his colleague, Bibulus, treated as a joke

Cōnsul deinde creātus cum L. Bibulō, Caesar cum Gnaeō Pompeiō et Mārcō Crassō societātem iūnxit, nē quid agerē- tur in rē pūblicā quod displicuisset ūllī ex tribus.

forth), squander. aes, aeris, n., cobper, money; aes aliēnum, (an- other’s money), debt. 36. cōn-flō, -āre, (blow up), heap up, contract. opus, -eris, n., need; sibi opus esse, ‘that he needed. mīliēs, adv., (mīlle], a thousand times. 37. sēstertium: See notes on page 73, line 6: mīliēs centēna mīlia sēstertium, ‘a hundred million sesterces,’ about ȳs,000,ccc.

1. Cōnsul deinde creātus, for the year s9 B.c. Bibulus, his col- league, belonged to the aristocratic party. Gnaeus Pompeius, Pompey the Great, was a most successful soldier. Wwhen but twenty- three years old, he served as general under Sulla, and so distinguished himself that Sulla hailed him as MACNUsS, a title which he kept there- after. He brought the war in Spain to an end, suppressed the slave insurrection, cleared the seas of pirates, and conquered Mithridates.
2. Mārcus Crassus was the richest man in Rome: he was said to be

Virī Rōmae 219

Deinde lēgem tulit, ut ager Campānus plēbī dīviderētur. Cui lēgī cum senātus repugnāret, rem ad populum dētulit. Bibulus collēga in Forum vēnit, ut lēgī obsisteret, sed tanta sēditiō in eum commōta est, ut in eius caput cophinus stercore plēnus effunderētur fas- cēsque eī frangerentur atque adeō ipse armīs Forō expellerētur.

Quā rē cum Bibulus per reliquum annī tem-

worth 33, sc0,000. Much of this was made during Sulla’s dictatorship by buying con- fiscated estates and selling them when they had risen in value. societās, -ātis, f., [socius], alliance. These Pomrev three men, Pompey the suc-

cessful general, Crassus the

wealthy capitalist, and Caesar the leader of the people’s party, made a very strong combination. It was nothing more than a political “ring,’ but it was dignified under the name of ‘ The First Triumvirate.’ 3. rēs pūblica, reī pūblicae, f., the republic. dis-pliceō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, [placeēōl, displease, with dative ūllī. 4. lēgem ferre, pass a law. ager Campānus, (state) land in Campania. 5. re-pugnō, -āre, be opposed. 7. obsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitus, withstand; note the case used withiit. 10. cophinus, -ī, m., basket. stercus, -oris, n., manure. 11. fascis, -is, m., fagot; pl., fascēs, the fasces, a bundle of rods tied with a red strap around an ax, the head of which projected from the side of the rods. It was a symbol of authority, the rods representing the right to scourge; the ax, to kill. In the city, however, the ax was removed in order to indicate that no magistrate had the right to put a citizen

5 220 Easy Latin

pus domō abditus cūriā abstinēret, ex eō tempore Caesar ūnus omnia in rē pūblicā ad arbitrium administrābat. Ita- que nōnnūllī urbānōrum, sī quid testandī grātiā signābant,

20 per iocum scrībēbant āctum esse nōn, ut mōs erat, cōnsu- libus Caesare et Bibulō, sed Iūliō et Caesare, ūnum cōn- sulem nōmine et cognōmine prō duōbus cōnsulibus appellantēs.

Form English derivatives from:

Crassō, societātem, rē pūblicā, displicuisset, repugnāret, ab- stinēret, arbitrium, administrābat, urbānōrum, testandī.

Respondē:

1. Quis erat Caesaris collēga in cōnsulātū? 2. Quibuscum Caesar societātem iūnxit? 3. Quis erat Gnaeus Pompeius?

2. Quis erat Mārcus Crassus? 5. Quid inter hōs triumvirōs convēnit? 6. Quid accidit, ubi Bibulus in Forum vēnit?

3. Quid fēcit Bibulus per reliquum annī tempus? 8. Quid fēcērunt nōnnūllī urbānōrum per iocum?

The conquest of Gaul; Caesar’s pluck at critical moments

Fūnctus cōnsulātū Caesar Galliam prōvinciam accēpit. Novem autem annīs, quibus in imperiō fuit, haec ferē gessit:

to death. The consuls were entitled to have twelve lictors bearing the fasces before them, the praetors only two. 17. domō, in his house; the locative domī would mean at home. ab-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, hide. 13. ad arbitrium, ‘as he pleased. 19. urbānus, -a, -um, lurbs], witty; urbānī, -ōrum, m,, city wits. testor, -ārī, -ātus, [testisl, (sign as) witness; note that the gerund testandī takes quid as an ob- ject. 20. āctum esse, impers., freely, ‘that it was done.” cōnsuili- bus Caesare et Bibulō, ‘ in the consulship of Caesar and Bibulus,’ i.e. in the year 59 B.C.

1. fungor, -ī, fūnctus, perform, finish; one of five deponent verbs, which take the ablative. Caesar Galliam prōvinciam accēpit: Usually

Virī Rōmae 221

Galliam in prōvinciae fōrmam redēgit. Prīmus Rōmānō- rum ponte fabricātō Rhēnum trānsiit et Germānōs maximīs

A View or ALESIA

a proconsul was sent to a province for the year following his consul- ship, but Caesar under a special law was assigned to the province of Gaul for five years. Before his term was completed, Caesar renewed the alliance with Pompey and Crassus with the understanding that he should retain Gaul for five years longer. Pompey and Crassus were to be the consuls for the year s5 B.C., and then Pompey was to receive the proconsulship of Spain and Africa for five years, while Crassus was to go to Syria. 2. haec ferē gessit: freely, ‘this was about what he accomplished.” 3. Galliam in prōvinciae fōrmam redēgit: Insēs.c. Gaul was in a very unsettled condition. The many tribes included within its borders were constantly at war with one another. To sub- due these fierce nations and organize them into a province was a formidable undertaking even for a man of Caesar’s ability. A dan- gerous crisis arose in the seventh campaign during the siege of Alesia. 222 Easy Latin

s clādibus affēcit. Aggressus est Britannōs, ignōtōs anteā, et eīs superātīs pecūniās et obsidēs imperāvit.

Hīc, cum multa Rōmānōrum mīlitum īnsignia nārrantur, tum illud ēgregium īnsigne ipsīus Caesaris, quod, exercitū in fugam nūtante, scūtō ē manū fugientis raptō, volitāns

10 in prīmam aciem proelium restituit.

īdem in aliō proeliō, cum iam aquilifer ineundae fūgae causā sē convertisset, eum faucibus comprehēnsum in contrā- riam partem dētrāxit, atque dextram ad hostem tendēns, “Quōrsum tū,” inquit, “abīs? Illīc sunt, cum quibus

15 dīmicāmus !” Quā adhortātiōne omnium mīlitum trepidā- tiōnem corrēxit, atque legiōnēs, vincī parātās, vincere docuit.

Caesar with 40,000 men in the heart of the enemy’s country was at- tacked simultaneously by 8o, ooo from within the town and by 250,000 from without. A single break in the Roman line, and their fate was sealed! Had it not been for the splendid courage and endurance of the legionaries coupled with the cool generalship of Caesar, not a Roman would have survived to tell the disaster of that day! Read the thrilling account of this siege, penned by Caesar himself, in his DĒ BELLō GALLICō. 4. fabricō, -āre, construct. Rhēnum trānsiit, near Bonn, Germany. 6. eīs, dative, ind. object of imperāvit: freely, ‘ conquered them and commanded them to furnish,’ etc. 7. Hīc, (here), ‘in these campaigns.” Notice cum... tum again. īn-signe, is, n., [signuml, exploit. 8S. quod, that. 9. nūtō, -āre, [freq. of nuō, nod], wavering. volitō, -āre, [freq. of volō, flyl, fly. Verbs like nūtō and volitō, which are formed from other verbs and end in -tō, or -sō, are called frequentatives. They denote repeated or intensi- fied action. r1. Idem, likewise. aquili-fer, ī, m., laquila H ferōl, bearer of the eugle, standard-bearer. in-eō, re, -īvi or -iī, -itus, (go into), begin; is this a gerund or a gerundive? How can you tell them apart? r2. causā, used like grātiā: See page 2r5, line ī4. faucēs, -ium, f., jaws, throat. contrārius, -a, -um, Icontrāl, opposite. 14. quōr- sum, adv., [quō H versus], whither? 15. ad-hortātiō, -ōnis, f., (hortorl, exhortation. trepidātiō, -ōnis, f., trepidō], alarm. 16. cor-rigō, -ere.

Virī Rōmae 223

Find the Latin word suggested by:

contrary, fabric, ex-hortation, pontoon, doctor, insignia, initial, nutation, detract, trepidation, volitant, function, resti- tution.

Respondē:

1. Ubi erat Gallia? 2. Quot annōs Caesar in Galliā mānsit?
2. Quī trāns Rhēnum incolēbant? 4. Quō modo Caesar Rhē- num trānsiit? 5. Quō modo Hannibal Rhodanum trānsiit?
3. Erant-ne Britannī eō tempore barbarī? 7. Quō modo Cae- sar quōdam proeliō ōrdinēs restituit? 8. Quid dīxit Caesar aquiliferō in aliō proeliō?

Civil war with Pompey; Caesar crosses the Rubicon and marches to Brundisium

Interfectō intereā apud Parthōs Crassō et dēfūnctā Iūliā, Caesaris fīliā, quae, nūpta Pompeiō, generī socerīque con- cordiam tenēbat, statim aemulātiō ērūpit. Iam prīdem

-rēxī, -rēctus, ſregō], (correct), calm. doceō, ēre, -uī, doctus, teach, show ... hovw.

1. Parthī, -ōrum, m., the Parthians, inhabitants of Parthia, a coun- try southeast of the Caspian Sea. Crassus was eager to show that he was as good a general as Pompey or Caesar and undertook to wage war with this remote nation. Trusting to a treacherous guide, he was led into the desert, where the Parthian cavalry mounted on swift Arab horses circled round his army and showered it with poisoned arrows. On his retreat toward Armenia he foolishly stopped to parley with the enemy and was slain. His head was taken to the Parthian king, who to sate his greed for money poured molten gold into his mouth. 20,000 Romans were killed and ro,c000 captured in this disastrous campaign of s3 B.c. 2. concordiam tenēre, ‘keep

. in accord.” 3. aemulātiō, -ōnis, f., [aemulor], rivalry. The reports that came from Caesar of his successful campaigns year after

224 Easy Latin

Pompeiō Caesaris opēs erant suspectae et Caesarī Pompei- s āna dignitās erat gravis, nec hīc ferēbat parem, nec ille superiōrem.

Itaque cum Caesar in Galliā dētinērētur, et nē imperfectō bellō discēderet, postulāvisset ut licēret sibi, quamvīs ab- sentī, alterum cōnsulātum petere, id ā senātū, suādentibus

10 Pompeiō eiusque amīcīs, negātum est. Caesar, ut hanc iniūriam vindicāret, in ītaliam rediit et ratus bellum geren- dum esse, cum exercitū Rubicōnem flūmen, quī prōvinciae eius fīnis erat, trānsiit.

year naturally aroused Pompey’s jealousy. 4. opēs, -um, f., pouer, influence. su-spectus, -a, -um, [sub H4 -speciōl, object of suspicion. Pompeiānus, -a, -um, Pompeius], Pompeian, of Pompey. 5. digni- tās erat gravis, ‘grandeur was irksome.” hīc, the latter, referring to Pompey; ille, the former, Caesar. ferēbat, ‘could bear.” 75. im- perfectus, -a, -um, per H faciō], unfinished. 8. quam-vīs, vīs from volō], although. absentī: see note to absēns, p. 204, line r10. g. suā- dentibus Pompeiō eiusque amīcīs: After his consulship Pompey did not go as proconsul to Spain, but remained at Rome, thereby increas- ing his influence in the senate. During the year 53 B.C. Rome was in the utmost disorder with a constant succession of riots and murderous gang-fights. Finally the senate named Pompey sole consul for 52 B.C.. and he quickly restored order. It was in this year that Pompey definitely broke with Caesar and joined the senatorial party. 10. Hanc iniūriam: This however was not Caesar’s only grievance. In s50 B.C. the senate weakened his army by withdrawing two legions under the pretense that they were needed for war in Syria. Instead of that, these legions were kept in Italy to strengthen Pompey’s forces. In the following January Caesar again offered to resign his command, if Pompey would do likewise. To this the senate replied that Caesar must disband his army or be regarded as a traitor to the state. The tribunes of the plebs were not permitted to veto this decree in the senate, and were forced to flee to Caesar to save their lives. Then the senate and Pompey made preparations for war. 11. vin- dicō, -āre, avenge. reor, rērī, ratus, think. 12. Rubicō, -ōnis, m.,

Virī Rōmae 225

Ad hōc flūmen paulum cōēnstitisse fertur, ac reputāns quantum mōēlīrētur, conversus ad proximōs, ‘“Etiam nunc,” inquit, “regredī possumus; sī autem id ponticulum trān- sierimus, omnia armīs agenda erunt.”” Postrēmō autem, exclāmāns “Iacta ālea estō!”, exercitum trāicī iussit, plūri- mīsque urbibus occupātīs Brundisium contendit, quō Pom- peius cōnsulēsque cōnfūgerant.

Form English derivatives from:

dēfūnctā, nūpta, aemulātiō, suspectae, dignitās, gravis, dētinērētur, imperfectō, negātum, vindicāret, reputāns, prox- imōs, regredī, exclāmāns.

Respondē:

1. Ubi Crassus interfectus est? 2. Cui Iūlia nūpta est?
2. Quam ob rem erat aemulātiō inter Pompeium et Caesarem?
3. Quid Caesar ā senātū postulāvit? s5. Quās iniūriās Caesar ā Pompeiō senātūque accēpit? 6. Ubi erat Rubicō? 17. Cūr Caesar ad hōc flūmen cōnstitit? 8. Quid tum dīxit Caesar?
4. Quō Pompeius cōnsulēsque cōnfūgērunt?e Caesar crosses the Adriatic and defeats Pompey in the batile of Phar-

salia; victories in Pontus and in Africa

Quī cum inde in Epīrum trāiēcissent, Caesar eōs secūtus Brundisiō Dyrrachium inter oppositās classēs gravissimā

the Rubicon, a small river, which formed the boundary between Italy and Cisalpine Gaul. 14. paulum, adv., a little while. cēn-sistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitus, stop, halt. fertur, is said. re-putō, -āre, think over, reflect. 15. mōlior, -īrī, -ītus, undertake. 16. ponticulum, -ī, n., [dim. of pōns], litile bridge. trānsierimus, fut. perf. 18. ālea, -ae, f., die. estō, imperative fut. 3d sing. of sum; iacta ālea estō, ‘let the die be cast? 19. Brundisium, -ī, n., Brundisium (modern Brindisi), a seaport in Apulia, the regular point of departure for Greece.

1. Quī, i.e., Pompey and his party. inde, from Brundisium.
2. Dyrrachium, -ī, n., Dyrrachium, a seaport on the west coast of

IS

20 226 Easy Latin

hieme trānsmīsit; cōpiīs- que quās subsequī ius- s serat diūtius cessantibus, cum ad eās arcessendās frūstrā mīsisset, mīrae audāciae facinus ēdidit. Morae enim impatiēns 10 castrīs noctū ēgreditur et clam obvolūtō capite nē agnōscerētur nāvicu- lamcōnscendit; et quam- quam mare saevā tem- 15 pestāte intumēscēbat, in altum tamen nāvigium prōtinus dīrigī iubet et gubernātōre trepidante, “Quid timēs?” inquit, 20‘“Caesarem velhis!,” neque gubernātōrem cē- dere adversae tem- pestātī passus est, priusquam paene obrutus esset flūc- tibus.

CAESAR

Illyria; acc., Limit of Motion. op-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus, Iobl, oppose; oppositās, translate freely, opposing. 3. hiems, hiemis, f., (winter), storm. 4. sub-sequī, follow closely. s. diūtius, adv., [comp. of diūl, too long. cessō, -āre, ſfreq. of cēdō], delay. 6. arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, summon. 11. clam, adv., secretly. ob-volvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtus, envelop, mufle. 12. nāvicula, -ae, f., ldim. of nāvis], small vessel. r5. in-tumēscō, -ere, -tumuī, —, linceptive from tumeēōl, suell. 16. nāvigium, -ī, n., [nāvis H agōl, boat. 17. dī-rigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus, [dis +regō], direct, steer. 18. gubernātor, -ōris, m., [gubernō], helmsman. trepidō, -āre, tremble, be afraid. 20. Caesarem vehis; Caesar had unbounded faith in his good fortune! 23. patior, -ī, passus, allow. Virī Rōmae 227

Deinde Caesar in Ēpīrum profectus, Pompeium Pharsā- 5 licō proeliō fūdit, et eum fugientem persecūtus est. Ubi autem eum occīsum esse cognōvit, bellum intulit Ptole- maeō rēgī, Pompeī interfectōrī, ā quō sibi quoque īnsidiās tendī vidēret. Quō victō, in Pontum trānsiit, Pharnacem- que, Mithridātis fīlium, intrā quīntum ab adventū diem, s0 ūnā aciē prōflīgāvit, mōre fulminis, quod ūnō eōdemque mōmentō vēnit, percussit, abscessit. Nec vāna dē sē est praedicātiō Caesaris, hostem esse victum antequam esse vīsum. Posteā Ponticō triumphō titulum trium verbōrum praetulit: “Vēnī, vīdī, vīcī.” Deinde Scīpiōnem et Iubam, s5 Numidiae rēgem, et reliquiās Pompeiānārum partium in Āfricā refoventēs dēvīcit.

ob-ruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutus, overwhelm; subj. with priusquam, because the action is anticipated. 25. Pharsālicus, -a, -um, [Pharsālia], of Pharsalia, a small town in southern central Thessaly. This battle took place on the gth of August, 48 B.c. Caesar had 22,000 infantry and 1000 cavalry. Pompey had 47,000 infantry and 7000 cavalry. Whnen the battle began, Pompey’s cavalry easily scattered Caesar’s horsemen, and then rode around to attack his infantry in the rear. But Caesar had anticipated this move, and when the cavalry charged, they were met and driven back by a fierce counter-attack of Caesar’s reserve. Then in turn this reserve swung round, attacked Pompey’s infantry in the rear, and routed it completely. It was a decisive vic- tory. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was treacherously murdered by King Ptolemy. 28. sibi quoque, i.e. Ptolemy, having made way with Pompey, was now plotting against Caesar. 29. Quō victō, in 47 B.c. Pharnacēs, -is, m., Pharnaces, who seized the opportu- nity afforded by the Civil War to enlarge his kingdom. 31. ūnā aciē, “in a single battle’ at Zela. prō-flīgō, āre, overthrov. 32. vānus, -a, -um, empty, vain. 33. prae-dicātiō, -ōnis, f., [dicō], boast. 34. Pon- ticus, -a, -um, [Pontus], Pontic, of Pontus. titulus, -ī, m., inscription (on a banner). 35. Deinde, in the battle of Thapsus, 46 B.c. Scīpiō, Pompey’s father-in-law. 36. reliquiae, -ārum, f., relinquō], rem- nant. 37. re-foveō, -ēre, -fōvī, -fōtus, revive.

228 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by:

opposite, direct, passive, profligate, vain, reliquary, percus- sion, impatient, moment, audacity, abscess, adverse, persecute, tumor, predication, in-cessant, fluctuate, re-cognition, governor, insidious, title.

Respondē:

1. Quō Caesar Pompeium persecūtus est? 2. Quam ob rem Caesar Brundisium redīre voluit? 3. Quid gubernātōrī nāvi- culae dīxit? 4. Ubi Caesar Pompeium proeliō fūdit? s. Quis Pompeium interfēcit? 6. Intrā quot diēs Caesar Pharnacem

vīcit? 7. Quem titulum trium verbōrum Ponticō triumphō praetulit? 8S. Quōs in Āfricā dēvīcit?

Caesar’s narrow escape at the battle of Munda

Posterō annō Caesar multō gravius bellum gessit, quod Cn. Pompeius, Magnī fīlius, adulēscēns fortissimus, in Hispāniā cōnflāverat, auxiliīs ex tōtō orbe ad eum cōnflu- entibus. Sua fortūna Caesarem in Hispāniam comitāta

s est. Nūllum tamen atrōcius perīculōsiusque proelium umquam ab eō initum est. Quō proeliō, cum victōria esset plūs quam dubia, Caesar equō dēscendit, atque cōnsistēns ante recēdentem suōrum aciem et increpāns Fortūnam quod sē in eum exitum servāvisset, mīlitibus dēnūntiāvit sē vēs-

10 tīgiō non esse recessūrum. Verecundiā magis quam virtūte aciēs restitūta est, atque Cn. Pompeius victus et interēmp- tus est.

Caesar, omnium victor, in urbem regressus, ignōvit

1. Posterō annō, 45 B.C. 3. auxilia, -ōrum, n., auxiliaries. cōn- fluō, -ere, -flūxī, —, assemble. 4. Sua fortūna, ‘ his usual good luck.’
2. increpō, -āre, -uī, -itus, chide, upbraid. q9. sē, Caesar. ex-itus, -ūs, m., [eō], end. vēstīgiō, ‘from his tracks.” r10. verecundia, -ae, f., [vereor], shame. 13. i-(g)nēscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nōtus, lin], pardon, with

Virī Rōmae 229

omnibus, quī contrā sē arma tulerant, et quīnquiēs triumphāvit.

Form English derivatives from:

cōnfluentibus, dubia, dēscendit, cōnsistēns, recēdentem, ex- itum, vēstīgiō.

Respondē:

I. Quis contrā Caesarem in Hispāniā bellum cōnflāvit? 2. Quālis fortūna Caesarem comitābātur? 3. Ubi proelium ā Pompeiō commissum est? 4. Uter exercitus prīmō erat victor? 5. Quid deinde fēcit Caesar? 6. Quid mīlitibus dīxit? 7. Propter quās virtūtēs erat Caesar imperātor summus? 8. Ubi Caesar Rōmam regressus est, replēvit-ne urbem caede et sanguine cīvium? 9. Quāle supplicium sūmpsit dē omnibus quī contrā sē arma tulerant?

Caesar rules supreme at Rome; his far-reaching reforms and projects; the plot against his life

Bellīs cīvīlibus cōnfectīs, sine morā Caesar rem pūblicam ōrdināre incēpit. Fastōs corrēxit atque annum ad cursum sōlis accommodāvit, ut trecentōrum sexāgintā quīnque diērum esset et, intercalāriō mēnse sublātō, ūnus diēs

dative. 14. quīnquiēs, adv., lquīnquel, five times.

1. Bellīs cīvīlibus cōnfectīs: The citizens at Rome expected to witness a repetition of the frightful scenes of proscription and murder which had marked the return of Marius and Sulla. But instead of wreaking vengeance upon his enemies, Caesar pardoned them. He was no narrow-minded self-centered demagogue. He had broadened into a statesman, interested not merely in the prosperity of city and state, but also in the progress of the world. 2. ōrdinō, -āre, ōrdōl, set in order. fastī, -ōrum, m.,, lfastī diēs, court days], calendar. 4. es- set, might consist. Up to this time the Roman calendar was based on the lunar year of 355 days. In order that this might correspond

IS

230 Easy Latin

s quārtō quōque annō intercalārētur. Iūs labōriōsissimē ac sevērissimē dīxit. Eōs pecūniārum repetundārum con- victōs etiam ōrdine senātōriō mōvit. Peregrīnārum mer- cium portōria īnstituit. Praecipuē lēgem sūmptuāriam exercuit.

10 Multa et magna cōnsilia iniit dē ōrnandā īnstruendāque urbe, item dē tuendō ampliandōque imperiō: imprīmīs iūs cīvīle ad certum modum redigere, atque ex immēnsā cōpiā optimās et maximē necessāriās lēgēs in paucissimōs librōs cōnferre; magnās bibliothēcās Graecās et Latīnās pūbli-

to the solar year, it was necessary to insert an extra (intercalary) month of 22 or 23 days every two years. The confusion arising from such constant changes was now removed. The Julian calendar, which got its name from Julius Caesar, was in vogue until rs82, when Pope Gregory made the then required correction of ten days, and insti- tuted the Gregorian calendar. inter-calārius, -a, -um, intercalary. 5. quōque, abl. of quisque, every; how does it differ from the adverb? inter-calō, -āre, insert in the calendar. Iūs dīcere, administer jus- tice. 6. re-petō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus, exact; pecūniārum repetundārum, (of exacting monies), of extortion. 7. mēvit, he removed. merx, mercis, f., merchandise. 8. portōrium, -, n., [portō], duty; peregrīnā- rum mercium portōria, ‘ duties on foreign merchandise. prae-cipuē, adv., ſcapiō], especially. sūmptuārius, -a, -um, [sūmptus, expensel, (pertaining to expense), sumptuary. The Romans passed many sumptuary laws, variously limiting the expense of funerals, convey- ances, jewelry, dress, and even of the table. One law, e.g., restricted the fowl that might be served at a banquet to a single unfaitened hen! Caesar enforced (exercuit) several such laws that were generally disre- garded, and added a few of his own. ro. īn-struō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctus, build up. 11. tueor, -ērī, tūtus, protect. im-prīmīs, adv., (in the first place), especially. 12. ad certum modum, to a fixed limit. 14. bibliothēca, -ae, f., (Greek word), library. Whnen in Ēgypt, Caesar must have seen the two famous libraries in Alexandria, which are estimated to have contained at least s500,000 books. They were badly damaged during the siege at that time. pūblicō, -āre, [pūb-

Virī Rōmae 231

cāre; Pomptīnās palūdēs siccāre; viam mūnīre ā Marī15 Superō per Appennīnī dorsum ūsque ad Tiberim; Dācōs, quī sē in Pontum effūde- rant, coercēre; mox Par- thīs per Armeniam bellum īnferre. 20 Dum haec agit et alia meditātur, mors inter- vēnit. Dictātor enim in perpetuum creātus, īnso- lentius agere coepit. Se- :5 dēns senātum excēpit, et ubi quīdam monuit ut ad- surgeret, eum īrātō vultū respexit. Praetereā cum Caesar prō rōstrīs in so sellā aureā sedēret et Mārcus Antōnius eius capitī diadēma, īnsigne

MaRrRK ANTONY

licus], open to the public. 15. palūs, -ūdis, f., marsh; Pomptīnae palūdēs, the Pomptine Marshes, an extensive area of swamp land on the coast of Latium about s0 miles from Rome. mūniīre, to construct. Mare Superum, the Upper Sea, the Adriatic. The Romans called the Tuscan or Tyrrhenian Sea on the west coast Mare Inferum, the Louer Sea. 16. Appennīnus, -ī, m., the Apennines, a mountain chain run- ning the whole length of the Italian peninsula. dorsum, , n., (back), ridge. Dācī, -ōrum, m., the Dacians, who lived north of the Danube. 24. perpetuus, -a, -um, [petō], continuous; in perpetuum (tempus), (forever), for life. 27. ad-surgō, -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctus, [sub H regōl, rise. 32. Mārcus Antōnius, Mark Antony, one of the tribunes who fled to Caesar in 49 B.c. He was Caesar’s most trusted lieu- tenant general during the civil wars. At this time he was Caesar’s colleague in the consulship. 33. diadēma, -atis, n., (Greek word), diadem. īnsigne, emblem. 232 Easy Latin

rēgium, imposuisset, id quidem ā Caesare repulsum est, sed

3s ita ut nōn offēnsus esse vidērētur. Quā rē in eum ā sexā- gintā virīs, Cassiō et Brūtō ducibus, coniūrātum est et eum īdibus Mārtiīs in senātū cōnfodere dēcrētum est.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

severely, perpetual, convicted, sumptuary, repulse, dorsal, co-ordinate, intervene, laboriously, instrument, insolently, accommodate, merchant, publication, diadem, institute, medi- tate, offend.

Respondē:

1. Quid post bella cīvīlia Caesar facere incēpit? 2. Quō modo Caesar annum corrēxit? 3. Quō modo iūs dīxit?
2. Quae cōnsilia prō bonō pūblicō iniit? 5. Quandō īnsolentius agere coepit? 6. Quam ob rem cīvēs exīstimābant Caesarem rēgem fierī velle? 7. Quot virī in eum coniūrāvērunt? 8. Quī erant ducēs coniūrātiōnis? 9. Quid facere dēcrēvērunt?

The assassination of Caesar

Diī immortālēs plūrima indicia futūrī perīculī obtulerant. Uxor Calpurnia, territa nocturnō vīsū, ōrābat ut īdibus

35. of-fendō, -ere, -fendī, -fēnsus, lobl], offend. videor, -ērī, vīsus, [dep. of videō], seem. 36. Cassius, a follower of Pompey, had not only been pardoned by Caesar, but had been appointed a praetor for the year 45 B.C. Brūtus also sided with Pompey. He was captured in the battle of Pharsalia, but his life was spared, and there- after he was treated by Caesar with the greatest favor. 37. laās, -uum, f., the Ides. “In March, July, October, May, the Ides are on the r5th day”; in other months, the r3th. Mārtius, -a, -um, [Mārs], of March. cōn-fodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossus, [fodiō, digl, staō, assassinate.

36. diī, dī, and deī were all used as the nom. pl. of deus. in-dicium,

Virī Rōmae 233

Mārtiīs domī subsisteret. Spūrinna haruspex praemonu- erat ut proximōs diēs trīgintā quasi fātālēs cavēret, quōrum ultimus erat īdūs Mārtiae. Hōc igitur diē Caesar Spū- rinnae, “Ecquid scīs,” inquit, “Idūs Mārtiās iam vēnisse?” et is, “Ecquid scīs, illās nōndum praeterīvisse?”

THE DEATH OF CAaESAR

Cum Caesar eō diē in senātum vēnisset, et coniūrātī speciē officī eum assīdentem circumstetissent, īlicō ūnus, quasi aliquid rogātūrus, propius accessit, et eī ab utrōque umerō togam apprehendit. Deinde Caesar clāmāns “I&sta

A, n., [dicō], indication. 3. domī, loc., at home. 6. ec-quid, adv., at all; merely used for emphasis and may be omitted in translation. 7. praeter-eō, -īre, -īvī or -i, -itus, go by, pass by. 8S. con-iūrātī, -ōrum, m., liūrōl, conspirators. 9. speciē officī, ‘ under the pretense of doing a friendly service’; they presented Caesar with a petition for some one’s pardon. as-sīdō, -ere, -sēdī, —, lad H sedeōl, take one’s seat; assīdentem, ‘ as he took his seat.” circum-stō, -stāre, -stetī, —, stand around. ī-licō, adv., lin H locō], (on the spot), immediately. ro0. ro- gātūrus, ſfut. act. participle of rogōl], about to ask. eī, Dative of Refer- ence; often, as here, equivalent to a Possessive Genitive. 11. iste,

5 234 Easy Latin

quidem vīs est,” ā Cascā, ūnō ē coniūrātīs, est vulnerātus paulum īnfrā iugulum. Caesar Cascae bracchium graphiō trāiēcit, et cōnātus prōsilīre aliō vulnere tardātus est.

15 Deinde ubi animadvertit undique sē strictīs pūgiōnibus petī, togā caput obvolvit et ita tribus et vīgintī plāgīs cōnfossus est. Cum Mārcum Brūtum, quem fīlī locō habēbat, in sē irruentem vīdisset, dīxisse fertur: “Tū quoque, mī fīlī?”

Form English derivatives from:

indicia, nocturnō, vīsū, subsisteret, praemonuerat, fātālēs, cavēret, praeterīvisse, circumstetissent, apprehendit, iugulum, tardātus, strictīs.

Respondē:

1. Quid Calpurnia dē īdibus Mārtiīs Caesarī dīxit? 2. Quō modo Spūrinna Caesarem praemonuit? 3. Mānsit-ne Caesar domī īdibus Mārtiīs? 4. Quō īvit Caesar? 5. Cūr coniūrātī eum circumstetērunt? 6. Quid deinde ūnus ē coniūrātīs fēcit?
2. Quis prīmus Caesarem vulnerāvit? 8. Quid deinde fēcit

Caesar? 9. Quam ob rem togā caput obvolvit? ro. Quid Caesar Brūtō dīxit?

Caesar’s wish concerning his death; the fate of the conspirators

Dnllud inter omnēs ferē cōnstat, tālem mortem eī paene ex sententiā obtigisss. Nam quondam cum apud Xeno-

-8, -ud, gen., -īus, pron. adj., that of yours. 13. īnfrā, prep. with acc., below. iugulum, -ī, n., [dim. of iuguml, throat. graphium, -, n., stylus, a sharp-pointed iron or bronze instrument like a pencil, used for writing on wax-covered tablets. 14. trāiēcit, pierced. tardō, -āre, tardus], check. 15. pūgiō, -ōnis, m., dagger. 16. togā caput obvol- vit: This was at the foot of Pompey’s statue. plāga, -ae, f., stroke, blow. r7. fīlī locō, (in a son’s place), ‘as a son. 18. ir-ruō, -ere, -ruī, —, lin], rush upon. mī fīlī, vocative sing.

1. Illud inter omnēs ferē cōnstat: It is generally agreed among all,

Virī Rōmae 235

phōntem lēgisset Cȳrum ultimā valētūdine mandāvisse

quaedam dē fūnere suō, āspernātus tam lentum mortis

genus, sibi subitam celeremque mortem optāverat. Items prīdiē quam occīderētur, in sermōne nātō super cēnam,

quisnam esset commodissimus fīnis vītae, fīnem repentīnum

inopīnātumque praetulerat.

Neque quisquam percussōrum amplius quam triennium supervīxit neque morte necessāriā periit. Omnēs damnātī ro alius aliō cāsū periērunt, pars naufragiō, pars proeliō; nōn- nūllī eōdem illō pūgiōne quō Caesarem violāvērunt, sēsē interēmērunt.

i.e. “all are generally agreed.” 2. ex sententiā, according to his desire. ob-tingō, -ere, -tigī, —, [tangō], occur. apud, in. Xenophōn, -ōntis, m., Xenophon, a celebrated Greek general and historian. In 401 B.C. he accompanied Cyrus, king of Persia, on an expedition against his brother Artaxerxes. After the defeat and death of Cyrus, Xenophon conducted the Retreat of the Ten Thousand Greeks to the Black Sea. The history of this memorable march is contained in Xenophon’s Anabasis, which is read by students of Greek in our schools. He also wrote the Cyropaedia, a history of Cyrus the Great, which contains the passage here referred to. 3. valētūdō, -inis, f., [valeōl], health, good or bad; here, illuess. mandāvisse quaedam, ‘ had given certain direc- tions. 4. ā-spernor, -ārī, -ātus, despise. lentus, -a, -um, slow. 5. sub-itus, -a, -um, [eōl, sudden. 6. prī-diē, adv., on the day before; with quam it is used like priusquam as a conjunction. sermō, -ōnis, m., conversation. nāscor, nāscī, nātus, be born, rise; nātō, freely, ‘ which arose. 7. quis-nam, quid-nam, inter. pron., who, what (pray)? quisnam agrees with fīnis. com-modus, -a, -um, fitting, desirable. repentīnus, -a, -um, [repēns], sudden. 8. in-opīnātus, -a, -um, ſopīnor, supposel, unexpected. g9. per-cussor, -ōris, m., [quatiō, beat], assassin. r0. super-vīvō, -ere, -vīxī, —, survive. necessārius, -a, -um, (necessel, necessary, natural. damnō, -āre, condemn. 11. alius aliō cāsū, ‘ each by a different fate” nau-fragium, -, n.. [nāvis H frangōl, shipwreck.

236 Easy Latin

Find the Latin word suggested by: commodious, triennial, legible, spurn, survive, opine, funeral, sentence. Respondē:

1. Quis erat Xenophōn? 2. Quālis mors Cyȳbrō obtigit?

2. Quālem mortem sibi Caesar optāvit? 4. Quō modo omnēs coniūrātī periērunt? Caesar’s self-control Maximē in rēgibus et prīncipibus virīs moderātiō lau- danda est. C. Iūlius Caesar victōriā cīvīlī clēmentissimē ūsus est; cum enim dēprehendisset scrīnia epistulārum ad Pompeium missārum ab eīs, quī vidēbantur fuisse aut in s dīversīs aut in neutrīs partibus, eās legere nōluit, sed com- bussit, nē forte in multōs gravius cōnsulendī locum darent. Cicerō hanc laudem eximiam Caesarī tribuit, quod nihil oblīvīscī solēret nisi iniūriās. Simultātēs omnēs, occāsiōne oblātā, libēns dēposuit. Ultrō ac prior scrīpsit C. Calvō 10 post eius fāmōsa adversum sē epigrammata. Valerium

3. prīncipibus virīs, ‘ great men.” moderātiō, -ōnis, f., modus], self-control. 2. victōriā cīvīlī, ‘victory over his fellow-citizens.’ clēmenter, adv., [clēmēns], mildly, moderately. 3. ūtor, -ī, ūsus, use, with ablative. scrīnium, A, n., (a round, wooden) box for holding books (papyrus rolls), letters, and papers. s. dī-versus, -a, -um, [dis- 4 vertō], opposite; in dīversīs partibus, in the opposing party,’ i.e. to Caesar’s party. neuter, -tra, -trum, gen., -īus, [nē H uterl, neither. com-būrō, -ere, -bussī, -būstus, burn up. 6. gravius, adv., [comp. of graviter], too severely; gravius cōnsulendī locum, ‘ occasion for taking too severe measures.” 75. quod, that. S. ob-līvīscor, , -ītus, forget. soleō, -ēre, -itus, (semi-dep.), be accustomed. simul- tās, -tātis, f., (encounter), enmity. g. libēns, -entis, ſlibet], will- ing(ly). Utltrō ac prior scrīpsit: ‘Of his own accord he wrote first,’ i.e. Caesar took the first step to conciliate. Calvus, a talented orator and poet, whose writings have been lost. i10. epigramma, -atis,

Virī Rōmae 237

Catullum, cuius versiculīs fāīmam suam lacerātam esse nōn ignōrābat, adhibuit cēnae. Fuit suffrāgātor C. Memmī in petītiōne cōnsulātūs, etsī eius ōrātiōnēs in sē fuisse asper- rimās sciēbat.

Form Engilish derivatives from:

moderātiō, laudanda, clēmentissimē, ūsus, epistulārum, dīversīs, neutrīs, combussit, oblīvīscī, fāmōsa, epigrammata, lacerātam, suffrāgātor, petītiōne, asperrimās.

Respondē:

1. Cūr est laudanda moderātiō maximē in rēgibus et prīnci- pibus virīs? 2. Quō modo Caesar victōriā cīvīlī ūsus est?

2. Quī antehāc victōriā cīvīlī inclēmenter ūsī erant? 4. Quam ob rem Caesar epistulās ad Pompeium missās legere nōluit?

3. Quid dīxit Cicerō dē Caesare? 6. Quō modo Caesar pro- bābat sē simultātēs dēpōnere velle?

Caesar’s personal appearance and characteristics Caesar trāditur fuisse excelsā statūrā, ōre paulō plēniōre, nigrīs vegetīsque oculīs, capite calvō; quam calvitī dēfōr- mitātem, quod saepe obtrectātōrum iocīs obnoxia erat,

n., (Greek word), epigram, a concise poem, sentence, or expression, often witty and incisive. r11. Catullus was a poetical genius, famous as a writer of lyrics, elegies, and epigrams. versiculus, -ī, m., ldim. of versus], (short) verse. lacerō, -āre, (tear to pieces), slander. nōn ignōrābat, he was not unaware, i.e. ‘he was well aware.’ 12. ad-hibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, habeō], invite. suffrāgātor, -ōris, m., [suf- frāgium], (political) supporter. Memmius was a candidate for the consulship of s4 B.C., and was elected through Caesar’s support. 13. petiītiō, -ōnis, f., [petōl, candidacy. asper, -a, -um, harsh, severe.

I. ex-celsus, -a, -um, [cellō, rise highl, lofty, tall. plēniōre, ‘ too full’ 2. niger, -gra, -grum, black. vegetus, -a, -um, quick, bright. calvus, -a, -um, bald. calvitium, Ai, n., [calvus], baldness. dē-fōrm- itās, -ātis, f., [fōrma], ugliness, blemish. 3. ob-trectātor, -ōris, m.,

238 Easy Latin

aegrē ferēbat. Ideō ex omnibus honōribus sibi ā senātū s populōque dēcrētīs nōn alium aut recēpit aut ūsūrpāvit libentius quam iūs laureae perpetuō ges- tandae.

Vīnī parcissimum eum 10 fuisse nē inimīcī quidem negāvērunt. Verbum Catōnis est, ūnum ex omnibus Caesarem sō- brium accessisse ad ēver- 15 tendam rem pūblicam.

Erat armōrum et equi- tandī perītissimus, la- bōris ultrā fidem patiēns; in agmine nōnnumquam 20 equō, saepius pedibus anteībat, capite dētēctō, seu sōl, seu imber erat. Longissimās viās incrē- dibilī celeritāte cōnficiē- : u 25 bat, ut persaepe nūntiōs CAĒSAR IN ARMOR

[tractō], disparager, critic. ob-noxius, -a, -um, [noceōl, exposed. 4. aegrē, adv., laegerl, uncomfortably; aegrē ferre, be annoyed at, dislike. id-eō, adv., therefore. s. ūsūrpō, -āre, [ūsus H rapiōl, assume. 7. laurea, -ae, f., laurel wreath. per-petuō, adv., Ipetōl, continuously, alwuays. gestō, -āre, Ifreq. of gerōl], wear. g. parcus, -a, -um, Iparcōl, moderate (in the use). r1. Verbum, , n., word, saying, epigram. 12. Catō Minor (93-46 5.C.), like his grandfather Catō Maior, was an “old-fashioned ” Roman, simple, stern, and honest. Opne of Sallust’s epigrams says of Cato: Ēsse quam vidērī bonus mālēbat, he preferred to be rather than to seem good. He was an implacable enemy of Caesar, and after the battle of Thapsus in despair he committed suicide. Virī Rōmae 239

dē sē praevenīret; neque eum morābantur flūmina, quae vel nandō vel innīxus īnflātīs ūtribus trāiciēbat.

Magnus imperātor erat Caesar, quod omnēs hostēs vīcit. Etiam maior erat, quod tam sapienter dē Imperiō Rōmānō cōnsilia cēpit. Summus autem erat Caesar, quod omnibus so rēbus moderātiōne ūsus est.

Find the Latin word suggested by:

usurp, patient, excel, perpetual, detective, stature, incredible, verb, prevent, negro, laurel, tradition, deformity, inflated, ob- noxious, sober.

Respondē:

1. Quālī speciē erat Caesar? 2. Quam ob rem Caesar cal- vitium suum aegrē ferēbat? 3. Quid fēcit Caesar, nē calvus vidērētur? 4. Solēbat-ne Caesar nimium vīnī bibere?
2. Quālis imperātor erat Caesar? 6. Quō modo in agmine exercitum dūcēbat? 17. Quibus rēbus hostēs vīcit? 8. Quā virtūte summus vir erat Caesar?

ex omnibus (Rōmānīs). 15. sōbrius, -a, -um, [sē-, apart from, + ēbrius, drunk], sober. 14. ac-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus, lad], (g0 tovard), undertake. 17. perītus, -a, -um, skilled (in); with genitive. 19. agmen -inis, n., marching column; in agmine, on the march. 21. ante-eō, -Hre, -īvī or -iī,, —, go ahead. dē-tegō, -ere, -tēxī, -tēctus, uncover. 22. seu orsī-ve, or if; seu.. . seu, whether ... or. 325. ut, so that. 26. prae-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus, outstrip. 27. nō, nāre, nāvī, —, swim. in-nītor, -ī, -nīxus or -nīsus, rest or lie on. īn-flātus, -a, -um, [f1ō, blowl, inflated. āūter, ūtris, m., skin.

[OCR skipped on page(s) 273-347]