sql: add jsonpath type support

As part of work to implement jsonpath queries, this PR implements the
`jsonpath` type within CockroachDB. There is no parsing or evaluation
added, and the `jsonpath` will currently accept any non-empty string.
Table creation with jsonpath columns are not supported as of now
until an encoding and decoding schema is determined. Indexes are not
supported for `jsonpath` columns when they will be introduced.

Part of: #22513
Release note (sql change): Adding jsonpath type, without parsing,
evaluation, or table creation. Currently accepts any non-empty string.

Author: normanchenn

docs/generated/sql/operators.md

@@ -479,6 +479,7 @@
 <tr><td><a href="interval.html">interval</a> <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> <a href="interval.html">interval</a></td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td><a href="interval.html">interval[]</a> <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> <a href="interval.html">interval[]</a></td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td>jsonb <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> jsonb</td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>jsonpath <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> jsonpath</td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td>oid <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> <a href="int.html">int</a></td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td>oid <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> oid</td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>
 <tr><td>pg_lsn <code>IS NOT DISTINCT FROM</code> pg_lsn</td><td><a href="bool.html">bool</a></td></tr>

pkg/ccl/changefeedccl/avro/avro.go

@@ -644,6 +644,8 @@ func typeToSchema(typ *types.T) (*SchemaField, error) {
 				return tree.ParseDJSON(x.(string))
 			},
 		)
+	// case types.JsonpathFamily:
+	// We do not support Jsonpath yet, but should be able to support it easily.
 	case types.TSQueryFamily:
 		setNullable(
 			SchemaTypeString,

pkg/ccl/changefeedccl/avro/avro_test.go

@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@ func TestAvroSchema(t *testing.T) {
 		case types.AnyFamily, types.OidFamily, types.TupleFamily:
 			// These aren't expected to be needed for changefeeds.
 			return true
-		case types.PGVectorFamily:
-			// We don't support PGVector in Avro yet.
+		case types.PGVectorFamily, types.JsonpathFamily:
+			// We don't support PGVector and Jsonpath in Avro yet.
 			return true
 		case types.ArrayFamily:
 			if !randgen.IsAllowedForArray(typ.ArrayContents()) {

pkg/ccl/logictestccl/tests/3node-tenant/generated_test.go

@@ -129,13 +129,19 @@ func ValidateColumnDefType(ctx context.Context, st *cluster.Settings, t *types.T
 // column in a regular FORWARD index.
 func ColumnTypeIsIndexable(t *types.T) bool {
 	// NB: .IsAmbiguous checks the content type of array types.
-	if t.IsAmbiguous() || t.Family() == types.TupleFamily || t.Family() == types.RefCursorFamily {
+	if t.IsAmbiguous() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	switch t.Family() {
+	case types.TupleFamily, types.RefCursorFamily, types.JsonpathFamily:
 		return false
 	}
 
 	// If the type is an array, check its content type as well.
 	if unwrapped := t.ArrayContents(); unwrapped != nil {
-		if unwrapped.Family() == types.TupleFamily || unwrapped.Family() == types.RefCursorFamily {
+		switch unwrapped.Family() {
+		case types.TupleFamily, types.RefCursorFamily, types.JsonpathFamily:
 			return false
 		}
 	}
@@ -150,7 +156,12 @@ func ColumnTypeIsIndexable(t *types.T) bool {
 func ColumnTypeIsInvertedIndexable(t *types.T) bool {
 	switch t.Family() {
 	case types.ArrayFamily:
-		return t.ArrayContents().Family() != types.RefCursorFamily
+		switch t.ArrayContents().Family() {
+		case types.RefCursorFamily, types.JsonpathFamily:
+			return false
+		default:
+			return true
+		}
 	case types.JsonFamily, types.StringFamily:
 		return true
 	}

pkg/ccl/logictestccl/tests/local-read-committed/generated_test.go

@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ func CanHaveCompositeKeyEncoding(typ *types.T) bool {
 		types.VoidFamily,
 		types.EncodedKeyFamily,
 		types.TSQueryFamily,
-		types.TSVectorFamily:
+		types.TSVectorFamily,
+		types.JsonpathFamily:
 		return false
 	case types.UnknownFamily,
 		types.AnyFamily:

pkg/ccl/logictestccl/tests/local-repeatable-read/generated_test.go

@@ -356,6 +356,11 @@ func (v *distSQLExprCheckVisitor) VisitPre(expr tree.Expr) (recurse bool, newExp
 			v.err = newQueryNotSupportedErrorf("tuple %s cannot be executed with distsql", t)
 			return false, expr
 		}
+	case *tree.DJsonpath:
+		// TODO(normanchenn): We currently do not have an encoding for jsonpath
+		// thus do not support it within distsql
+		v.err = newQueryNotSupportedErrorf("jsonpath %s cannot be executed with distsql", t)
+		return false, expr
 	}
 	return true, expr
 }

pkg/sql/catalog/colinfo/col_type_info.go

@@ -2154,6 +2154,7 @@ func checkResultType(typ *types.T, fmtCode pgwirebase.FormatCode) error {
 	case types.TSVectorFamily:
 	case types.IntervalFamily:
 	case types.JsonFamily:
+	case types.JsonpathFamily:
 	case types.UuidFamily:
 	case types.INetFamily:
 	case types.OidFamily: