From 5aad9a7c786e3951eb67d9fbd63c1e9d9a8fcbfd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ahamed Ali Z <149002944+ahamed-ali-git@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:11:16 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Add Trie data structure implementation

---
 pydatastructs/trees/__init__.py        |   7 +-
 pydatastructs/trees/tests/__init__.py  |   6 +
 pydatastructs/trees/tests/test_trie.py |  36 +++++
 pydatastructs/trees/trie.py            | 185 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 232 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 pydatastructs/trees/tests/test_trie.py
 create mode 100644 pydatastructs/trees/trie.py

diff --git a/pydatastructs/trees/__init__.py b/pydatastructs/trees/__init__.py
index 1c99cca25..6aefe9002 100644
--- a/pydatastructs/trees/__init__.py
+++ b/pydatastructs/trees/__init__.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
     m_ary_trees,
     space_partitioning_trees,
     heaps,
-    _extensions
+    _extensions,
+    trie  # Import the new trie module
 )
 
 from .binary_trees import (
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@
 from .m_ary_trees import (
     MAryTreeNode, MAryTree
 )
-
 __all__.extend(m_ary_trees.__all__)
 
 from .space_partitioning_trees import (
@@ -39,3 +39,6 @@
     BinomialHeap
 )
 __all__.extend(heaps.__all__)
+
+from .trie import Trie  # Import the Trie class
+__all__.append("Trie")  # Add Trie to the list of exported classes
diff --git a/pydatastructs/trees/tests/__init__.py b/pydatastructs/trees/tests/__init__.py
index e69de29bb..bb8ba1f9a 100644
--- a/pydatastructs/trees/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/pydatastructs/trees/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""
+Initialization file for the test package.
+Ensures that the test suite can properly import modules from pydatastructs.
+"""
+
+import pytest
diff --git a/pydatastructs/trees/tests/test_trie.py b/pydatastructs/trees/tests/test_trie.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d7734855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pydatastructs/trees/tests/test_trie.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import pytest
+from pydatastructs.trees.trie import Trie
+
+def test_trie_insert_and_search():
+    trie = Trie()
+    trie.insert("apple")
+    assert trie.search("apple") is True  # Word should be present
+    assert trie.search("app") is False  # Partial word should not be found
+    assert trie.starts_with("app") is True  # Prefix should be detected
+
+def test_trie_multiple_inserts():
+    trie = Trie()
+    trie.insert("apple")
+    trie.insert("app")
+    assert trie.search("app") is True  # Now "app" should be present
+    assert trie.search("apple") is True
+
+def test_trie_delete():
+    trie = Trie()
+    trie.insert("apple")
+    trie.insert("app")
+    assert trie.delete("apple") is True  # "apple" should be removed
+    assert trie.search("apple") is False  # "apple" should not be found
+    assert trie.search("app") is True  # "app" should still exist
+
+def test_trie_delete_non_existent():
+    trie = Trie()
+    assert trie.delete("banana") is False  # Deleting a non-existent word should return False
+
+def test_trie_empty_string():
+    trie = Trie()
+    assert trie.search("") is False  # Searching for an empty string should return False
+    assert trie.starts_with("") is True  # Empty prefix should return True
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pytest.main()
diff --git a/pydatastructs/trees/trie.py b/pydatastructs/trees/trie.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c06b42d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pydatastructs/trees/trie.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""
+Implementation of Trie (Prefix Tree) data structure.
+"""
+
+__all__ = [
+    'Trie'
+]
+
+class TrieNode:
+    """
+    Represents a node in the Trie.
+    """
+    __slots__ = ['children', 'is_end_of_word']
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initializes a TrieNode.
+        """
+        self.children = {}
+        self.is_end_of_word = False
+
+class Trie:
+    """
+    Represents a Trie (Prefix Tree) data structure.
+    
+    Examples
+    ========
+    
+    >>> from pydatastructs.trees.trie import Trie
+    >>> trie = Trie()
+    >>> trie.insert("apple")
+    >>> trie.search("apple")
+    True
+    >>> trie.search("app")
+    False
+    >>> trie.starts_with("app")
+    True
+    >>> trie.insert("app")
+    >>> trie.search("app")
+    True
+    >>> trie.delete("apple")
+    True
+    >>> trie.search("apple")
+    False
+    >>> trie.search("app")
+    True
+    """
+    __slots__ = ['root']
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initializes an empty Trie.
+        """
+        self.root = TrieNode()
+
+    def insert(self, word):
+        """
+        Inserts a word into the trie.
+        
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        
+        word: str
+            The word to insert
+            
+        Returns
+        =======
+        
+        None
+        """
+        node = self.root
+        for char in word:
+            if char not in node.children:
+                node.children[char] = TrieNode()
+            node = node.children[char]
+        node.is_end_of_word = True
+
+    def search(self, word):
+        """
+        Returns True if the word is in the trie.
+        
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        
+        word: str
+            The word to search for
+            
+        Returns
+        =======
+        
+        bool
+            True if the word is in the trie, False otherwise
+        """
+        node = self._get_node(word)
+        return node is not None and node.is_end_of_word
+
+    def starts_with(self, prefix):
+        """
+        Returns True if there is any word in the trie
+        that starts with the given prefix.
+        
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        
+        prefix: str
+            The prefix to check
+            
+        Returns
+        =======
+        
+        bool
+            True if there is any word with the given prefix,
+            False otherwise
+        """
+        return self._get_node(prefix) is not None
+
+    def delete(self, word):
+        """
+        Deletes a word from the trie if it exists.
+        
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        
+        word: str
+            The word to delete
+            
+        Returns
+        =======
+        
+        bool
+            True if the word was deleted, False if it wasn't in the trie
+        """
+        def _delete_helper(node, word, depth=0):
+            # If we've reached the end of the word
+            if depth == len(word):
+                # If the word exists in the trie
+                if node.is_end_of_word:
+                    node.is_end_of_word = False
+                    # Return True if this node can be deleted
+                    # (has no children and is not end of another word)
+                    return len(node.children) == 0
+                return False
+            
+            char = word[depth]
+            if char not in node.children:
+                return False
+            
+            should_delete_child = _delete_helper(node.children[char], word, depth + 1)
+            
+            # If we should delete the child
+            if should_delete_child:
+                del node.children[char]
+                # Return True if this node can be deleted
+                # (has no children and is not end of another word)
+                return len(node.children) == 0 and not node.is_end_of_word
+            
+            return False
+        
+        if not word:
+            return False
+        
+        return True if _delete_helper(self.root, word) else self.search(word)
+
+    def _get_node(self, prefix):
+        """
+        Returns the node at the end of the prefix, or None if not found.
+        
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        
+        prefix: str
+            The prefix to find
+            
+        Returns
+        =======
+        
+        TrieNode or None
+            The node at the end of the prefix, or None if the prefix doesn't exist
+        """
+        node = self.root
+        for char in prefix:
+            if char not in node.children:
+                return None
+            node = node.children[char]
+        return node
\ No newline at end of file