copy: Add text-based progress output for non-TTY environments

When copying images in non-TTY environments (CI/CD pipelines, redirected
output, piped commands), the visual mpb progress bars are discarded,
leaving users with no visibility into transfer progress. This makes it
difficult to detect stalled transfers or monitor long-running copies.

This change adds a nonTTYProgressWriter that consumes progress events
from the existing Progress channel and prints periodic aggregate progress
lines suitable for log output:

    Progress: 13.1 MiB / 52.3 MiB
    Progress: 26.2 MiB / 52.3 MiB
    Progress: 52.3 MiB / 52.3 MiB

The feature is enabled when, output is not a TTY, we check if option.Progress is set,
otherwise create a new buffered channel for progress events.

Note: Unbuffered channels are replaced with buffered ones to prevent
blocking during parallel blob downloads. Callers who need custom
consumption should provide a properly buffered channel.

Relates-to: containers/skopeo#658
Signed-off-by: Oleksandr Shestopal <ar.shestopal-oshegithub@gmail.com>

Author: Oleksandr Shestopal

image/copy/copy.go

@@ -257,10 +257,12 @@ func Image(ctx context.Context, policyContext *signature.PolicyContext, destRef,
 
 	// If reportWriter is not a TTY (e.g., when piping to a file), do not
 	// print the progress bars to avoid long and hard to parse output.
-	// Instead use printCopyInfo() to print single line "Copying ..." messages.
+	// Instead use text-based aggregate progress via nonTTYProgressWriter.
 	progressOutput := reportWriter
 	if !isTTY(reportWriter) {
 		progressOutput = io.Discard
+
+		setupNonTTYProgressWriter(reportWriter, options)
 	}
 
 	c := &copier{

image/copy/progress_nontty.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package copy
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/vbauerster/mpb/v8/decor"
+	"go.podman.io/image/v5/types"
+)
+
+const (
+	// nonTTYProgressChannelSize is the buffer size for the progress channel
+	// in non-TTY mode. Buffered to prevent blocking during parallel downloads.
+	nonTTYProgressChannelSize = 10
+
+	// nonTTYProgressInterval is how often aggregate progress is printed
+	// in non-TTY mode.
+	nonTTYProgressInterval = 500 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// nonTTYProgressWriter consumes ProgressProperties from a channel and writes
+// aggregate text-based progress output suitable for non-TTY environments.
+// No mutex needed - single goroutine processes events sequentially from channel.
+type nonTTYProgressWriter struct {
+	output io.Writer
+
+	// Aggregate tracking (no per-blob state needed)
+	totalSize  int64 // Sum of all known blob sizes
+	downloaded int64 // Total bytes downloaded (accumulated from OffsetUpdate)
+
+	// Output throttling
+	lastOutput      time.Time
+	outputInterval  time.Duration
+	progressChannel <-chan types.ProgressProperties
+}
+
+// newNonTTYProgressWriter creates a writer that outputs aggregate download
+// progress as simple text lines, suitable for non-TTY environments like
+// CI/CD pipelines or redirected output.
+func newNonTTYProgressWriter(output io.Writer, interval time.Duration, pch chan types.ProgressProperties) *nonTTYProgressWriter {
+	return &nonTTYProgressWriter{
+		output:          output,
+		outputInterval:  interval,
+		progressChannel: pch,
+	}
+}
+
+// setupNonTTYProgressWriter configures text-based progress output for non-TTY
+// environments unless the caller already provided a buffered Progress channel.
+// Returns a cleanup function that must be deferred by the caller.
+// It relies on the idea that options.Progress channel is only used once, to track progress with a progress bar
+// Otherwise we must do some sort of fan-out
+func setupNonTTYProgressWriter(reportWriter io.Writer, options *Options) {
+	// Use user's interval if greater than our default, otherwise use default.
+	// This allows users to slow down output while maintaining a sensible minimum.
+	interval := max(options.ProgressInterval, nonTTYProgressInterval)
+	if options.ProgressInterval <= 0 {
+		options.ProgressInterval = nonTTYProgressInterval
+	}
+
+	if options.Progress == nil || cap(options.Progress) == 0 {
+		options.Progress = make(chan types.ProgressProperties, nonTTYProgressChannelSize)
+	}
+
+	pw := newNonTTYProgressWriter(reportWriter, interval, options.Progress)
+	go pw.Run()
+}
+
+// Run consumes progress events from the channel and prints throttled
+// aggregate progress. Blocks until the channel is closed. Intended to
+// be called as a goroutine: go tw.Run(progressChan)
+func (w *nonTTYProgressWriter) Run() {
+	for props := range w.progressChannel {
+		switch props.Event {
+		case types.ProgressEventNewArtifact:
+			// New blob starting - add its size to total
+			w.totalSize += props.Artifact.Size
+
+		case types.ProgressEventRead:
+			// Bytes downloaded - accumulate and maybe print
+			w.downloaded += int64(props.OffsetUpdate)
+			if time.Since(w.lastOutput) > w.outputInterval {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w.output, "Progress: %.1f / %.1f\n",
+					decor.SizeB1024(w.downloaded), decor.SizeB1024(w.totalSize))
+				w.lastOutput = time.Now()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

image/copy/progress_nontty_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+package copy
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.podman.io/image/v5/types"
+)
+
+func TestNonTTYProgressWriterRun(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		interval       time.Duration
+		events         []types.ProgressProperties
+		wantTotalSize  int64
+		wantDownloaded int64
+		wantLines      int
+		wantContains   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "new artifacts only",
+			interval: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+			events: []types.ProgressProperties{
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventNewArtifact, Artifact: types.BlobInfo{Size: 1024}},
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventNewArtifact, Artifact: types.BlobInfo{Size: 2048}},
+			},
+			wantTotalSize:  3072,
+			wantDownloaded: 0,
+			wantLines:      0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "read events produce output",
+			interval: -1 * time.Millisecond,
+			events: []types.ProgressProperties{
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventNewArtifact, Artifact: types.BlobInfo{Size: 10240}},
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventRead, OffsetUpdate: 5120},
+			},
+			wantTotalSize:  10240,
+			wantDownloaded: 5120,
+			wantLines:      1,
+			wantContains:   "Progress:",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "throttling limits output",
+			interval: time.Hour,
+			events: []types.ProgressProperties{
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventNewArtifact, Artifact: types.BlobInfo{Size: 10240}},
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventRead, OffsetUpdate: 1024},
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventRead, OffsetUpdate: 1024},
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventRead, OffsetUpdate: 1024},
+			},
+			wantTotalSize:  10240,
+			wantDownloaded: 3072,
+			wantLines:      1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "unknown events ignored",
+			interval: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+			events: []types.ProgressProperties{
+				{Event: types.ProgressEventDone},
+			},
+			wantTotalSize:  0,
+			wantDownloaded: 0,
+			wantLines:      0,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+			ch := make(chan types.ProgressProperties, len(tt.events))
+			pw := newNonTTYProgressWriter(&buf, tt.interval, ch)
+			for _, e := range tt.events {
+				ch <- e
+			}
+			close(ch)
+
+			pw.Run()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantTotalSize, pw.totalSize)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantDownloaded, pw.downloaded)
+
+			output := buf.String()
+			if tt.wantLines == 0 {
+				assert.Empty(t, output)
+			} else {
+				lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(output), "\n")
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.wantLines, len(lines))
+			}
+			if tt.wantContains != "" {
+				assert.Contains(t, output, tt.wantContains)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetupNonTTYProgressWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		progress         chan types.ProgressProperties
+		progressInterval time.Duration
+		wantProgressSet  bool
+		wantIntervalSet  bool
+		wantMinInterval  time.Duration
+	}{
+		{
+			name:             "nil channel gets default setup",
+			progress:         nil,
+			progressInterval: 0,
+			wantProgressSet:  true,
+			wantIntervalSet:  true,
+			wantMinInterval:  nonTTYProgressInterval,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "unbuffered channel gets replaced",
+			progress:         make(chan types.ProgressProperties),
+			progressInterval: 0,
+			wantProgressSet:  true,
+			wantIntervalSet:  true,
+			wantMinInterval:  nonTTYProgressInterval,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "buffered channel is kept",
+			progress:         make(chan types.ProgressProperties, 5),
+			progressInterval: 0,
+			wantProgressSet:  false,
+			wantIntervalSet:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "caller interval larger than default is respected",
+			progress:         nil,
+			progressInterval: 2 * time.Second,
+			wantProgressSet:  true,
+			wantIntervalSet:  false,
+			wantMinInterval:  2 * time.Second,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "caller interval smaller than default is kept",
+			progress:         nil,
+			progressInterval: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+			wantProgressSet:  true,
+			wantIntervalSet:  false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			opts := &Options{
+				Progress:         tt.progress,
+				ProgressInterval: tt.progressInterval,
+			}
+			originalProgress := opts.Progress
+
+			setupNonTTYProgressWriter(&buf, opts)
+			if tt.wantProgressSet {
+				assert.NotNil(t, opts.Progress)
+				assert.Greater(t, cap(opts.Progress), 0)
+				if originalProgress != nil {
+					assert.NotEqual(t, originalProgress, opts.Progress)
+				}
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, originalProgress, opts.Progress)
+			}
+
+			if tt.wantIntervalSet {
+				assert.Equal(t, nonTTYProgressInterval, opts.ProgressInterval)
+			}
+
+			if tt.wantMinInterval > 0 {
+				assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, opts.ProgressInterval, tt.wantMinInterval)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}