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Benchmark

Comparison with mpremote v1.27.0 (January 2026).

Test files: 50 small (4 KB) + 4 large (50 KB) Python source files (total 400 KB). Higher speed achieved by automatic compression of text-based files during transfer.

RP2040 - USB-CDC - MacOS

files mpytool mpremote speedup
small 50 x 4K 9.6s (20.8 KB/s) 23.3s (8.6 KB/s) 2.4x
small 50 x 4K - skip 2.0s 5.4s 2.7x
large 4 x 50K 3.4s (58.8 KB/s) 15s (13.3 KB/s) 4.4x
large 4 x 50K - skip 0.6s 0.9s 1.5x

ESP32-C6 - USB-CDC - MacOS

files mpytool mpremote speedup
small 50 x 4K 10.4s (19.2 KB/s) 30.7s (6.5 KB/s) 3.0x
small 50 x 4K - skip 5.5s 12.7s 2.3x
large 4 x 50K 4.0s (50.0 KB/s) 13.2s (15.2 KB/s) 3.3x
large 4 x 50K - skip 0.7s 1.4s 2.0x

ESP32-WROOM - USB-UART - MacOS

files mpytool mpremote speedup
small 50 x 4K 32.4s (6.2 KB/s) crash -
small 50 x 4K - skip 11.8s crash -
large 4 x 50K 12.1s (16.5 KB/s) crash -
large 4 x 50K - skip 3.5s crash -

ESP32-WROVER - USB-UART - MacOS

files mpytool mpremote speedup
small 50 x 4K 24.5s (8.2 KB/s) crash -
small 50 x 4K - skip 7.7s crash -
large 4 x 50K 12.0s (16.7 KB/s) crash -
large 4 x 50K - skip 2.2s crash -

ESP32-WROOM - USB-UART - Linux

files mpytool mpremote speedup
small 50 x 4K 25.6s (7.8 KB/s) 66.9s (3.0 KB/s) 2.6x
small 50 x 4K - skip 5.9s 17.3s 2.9x
large 4 x 50K 7.9s (25.3 KB/s) 44.4s (4.5 KB/s) 5.6x
large 4 x 50K - skip 1.2s 2.0s 1.7x

ESP32-WROVER - USB-UART - Linux

files mpytool mpremote speedup
small 50 x 4K 33.9s (5.9 KB/s) 75.0s (2.7 KB/s) 2.2x
small 50 x 4K - skip 9.8s 19.4s 2.0x
large 4 x 50K 10.0s (20.0 KB/s) 46.4s (4.3 KB/s) 4.6x
large 4 x 50K - skip 1.6s 2.5s 1.6x

Summary

  • Large files upload: 3.3x - 5.6x faster than mpremote
  • Small files upload: 2.2x - 3.0x faster than mpremote
  • Skip unchanged: 1.5x - 2.9x faster than mpremote

Many more test scenarios could be designed (different file types, sizes, mixed workloads), but in most cases mpytool would be at least 2x faster than mpremote.

Mount VFS Benchmark

Reading files from mounted VFS (PC filesystem accessible on device).

MacOS

Device Test mpytool mpremote Speedup
ESP32-C6 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 0.6s 3.2s 5.6x
1 x 100KB 0.3s 0.5s 1.8x
ESP32-S3 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 1.6s 3.9s 2.3x
1 x 100KB 0.6s 1.0s 1.7x
RP2040 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 1.5s 3.9s 2.5x
1 x 100KB 1.0s 1.1s 1.1x

Linux

Device Test mpytool mpremote Speedup
ESP32-C6 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 1.2s 3.3s 2.8x
1 x 100KB 0.3s 0.6s 2.0x
ESP32-S3 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 2.2s 4.4s 2.0x
1 x 100KB 0.6s 1.1s 1.9x
RP2040 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 1.9s 3.9s 2.1x
1 x 100KB 1.0s 1.2s 1.3x
ESP32-WROOM UART 50 x 2KB 14.1s 13.6s 1.0x
1 x 100KB 9.2s 9.4s 1.0x

Windows

Device Test mpytool mpremote Speedup
ESP32-C6 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 2.9s 3.2s 1.1x
1 x 100KB 0.4s 0.6s 1.5x
ESP32-S3 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 2.3s 4.0s 1.7x
1 x 100KB 0.6s 1.1s 1.8x
RP2040 USB-CDC 50 x 2KB 2.2s 3.8s 1.7x
1 x 100KB 1.1s 1.2s 1.1x
ESP32-WROOM UART 50 x 2KB 14.4s 13.8s 1.0x
1 x 100KB 9.8s 10.1s 1.0x

Summary

Batch LISTDIR (1 RTT) vs iterative ilistdir (N+1 RTT) makes significant difference when opening many files. The speedup is more pronounced on faster CPUs (ESP32-C6 160MHz vs RP2040 133MHz).

On slow UART connections (ESP32-WROOM 115200 baud), serial throughput becomes the bottleneck and both tools perform equally.