@@ -144,6 +144,26 @@ In the 'Environment' window you will also get a table:
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The 'Environment' window allows you to keep track of the objects you have
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created in R.
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+
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+ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
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+
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+ ## Tip: Use of white space for readability
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+ The white spaces surrounding the assignment operator ` <- ` in the example
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+ above (` first_value <- 1 ` ) is unnecessary. However, it does make your code
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+ easier to read. There are several style guides you can follow, and choosing
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+ one is up to you, but consistency is key!
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+
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+ A style guide we recommend is the Tidyverse [ style guide] ( https://style.tidyverse.org/ ) .
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+ As they say:
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+ "Good coding style is like correct punctuation: you can manage without it, butitsuremakesthingseasiertoread."
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+
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+ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
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+
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::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: challenge
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## Exercise: Create some objects in R
@@ -193,8 +213,9 @@ Here are some important details about naming objects in R.
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a colored highlight or RStudio gives you a suggested autocompletion you have
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chosen a name that has a reserved meaning.
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- ** Use the recommended assignment operator** : In R, we use '\< - ' as the
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- preferred assignment operator. '=' works too, but is most commonly used in
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- passing arguments to functions (more on functions later). There is a shortcut
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+ preferred assignment operator, which is recommended by the Tidyverse
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+ [ style guide] ( https://style.tidyverse.org/ ) discussed above. '=' works too, but is most
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+ commonly used in passing arguments to functions (more on functions later). There is a shortcut
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for the R assignment operator:
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- Windows execution shortcut: <KBD >Alt</KBD >\+ <KBD >\- </KBD >
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- Mac execution shortcut: <KBD >Option</KBD >\+ <KBD >\- </KBD >
@@ -900,16 +921,19 @@ the vector you are searching:
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# current value of 'snp_genes':
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# chr [1:7] "OXTR" "ACTN3" "AR" "OPRM1" "CYP1A1" NA "APOA5"
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- # test to see if "ACTN3" or "APO5A " is in the snp_genes vector
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+ # test to see if "ACTN3", "APO5A", or "actn3 " is in the snp_genes vector
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# if you are looking for more than one value, you must pass this as a vector
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- c(" ACTN3" ," APOA5" ) %in% snp_genes
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+ c(" ACTN3" ," APOA5" , " actn3 " ) %in% snp_genes
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```
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``` output
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- [1] TRUE TRUE
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+ [1] TRUE TRUE FALSE
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```
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+ Notice that the gene "actn3" is FALSE? This is because character vectors are case sensitive, so
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+ keep this in mind when subsetting and selecting values from a character vector.
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+
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::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: callout
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## Tip: What's the difference between the ` %in% and the ` ==` operators?
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