Add dense_integer_mapt type

This gives a map-like interface but vector-like lookup cost, ideal for
mapping keys that have a bijection with densely packed integers, such as
the location numbers of a well-formed goto_modelt or goto_programt.

Author: smowton

Diff for: src/util/dense_integer_map.h

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*******************************************************************\
+
+Module: Dense integer map
+
+Author: Diffblue Ltd
+
+\*******************************************************************/
+
+/// \file
+/// Dense integer map
+
+#ifndef CPROVER_UTIL_DENSE_INTEGER_MAP_H
+#define CPROVER_UTIL_DENSE_INTEGER_MAP_H
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <util/invariant.h>
+
+/// Hash-like function that is expected to turn a key type into a dense integer
+/// without losing information (e.g. for a given instance of dense_integer_mapt,
+/// using a function that maps 1000 keys onto the range 1000000 - 1005000 would
+/// be acceptable)
+/// For small integer types, or large integers that you know will fall into a
+/// small range for a given use case, the identity function suffices.
+template <typename T>
+std::size_t key_to_dense_integer(const T &);
+
+/// A map type that is backed by a vector, which relies on the ability to (a)
+/// see the keys that might be used in advance of their usage, and (b) map those
+/// keys onto a dense range of integers. You should specialise
+/// key_to_dense_integer for your key type before using. If it maps your keys
+/// onto too sparse a range, considerable memory will be wasted.
+///
+/// The type is optimised for fast lookups at the expense of flexibility.
+/// So far I've only implemented the support needed for use in
+/// cfg_basic_blockst. Due to the vector storage the precise interface of
+/// std::map is hard to achieve, but something close is practically achievable
+/// for the interested developer.
+template <class K, class V>
+class dense_integer_mapt
+{
+  std::size_t offset;
+  typedef std::vector<V> backing_storet;
+  std::vector<V> map;
+  std::vector<bool> value_set;
+  std::size_t n_values_set;
+
+  std::size_t key_to_index(const K &key) const
+  {
+    std::size_t key_integer = key_to_dense_integer(key);
+    INVARIANT(key_integer >= offset, "index should be in range");
+    return key_integer - offset;
+  }
+
+  void mark_index_set(std::size_t index)
+  {
+    if(!value_set[index])
+    {
+      ++n_values_set;
+      value_set[index] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+public:
+  dense_integer_mapt() : offset(0), n_values_set(0)
+  {
+  }
+
+  template <typename Iter>
+  void setup_for_keys(Iter first, Iter last)
+  {
+    std::size_t highest_key = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::min();
+    std::size_t lowest_key = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
+    for(Iter it = first; it != last; ++it)
+    {
+      std::size_t integer_key = key_to_dense_integer(*it);
+      highest_key = std::max(integer_key, highest_key);
+      lowest_key = std::min(integer_key, lowest_key);
+    }
+
+    if(highest_key < lowest_key)
+    {
+      offset = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      offset = lowest_key;
+      map.resize((highest_key - lowest_key) + 1);
+      value_set.resize((highest_key - lowest_key) + 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const V &at(const K &key) const
+  {
+    std::size_t index = key_to_index(key);
+    INVARIANT(value_set[index], "map value should be set");
+    return map.at(index);
+  }
+  V &at(const K &key)
+  {
+    std::size_t index = key_to_index(key);
+    INVARIANT(value_set[index], "map value should be set");
+    return map.at(index);
+  }
+
+  const V &operator[](const K &key) const
+  {
+    std::size_t index = key_to_index(key);
+    mark_index_set(index);
+    return map.at(index);
+  }
+  V &operator[](const K &key)
+  {
+    std::size_t index = key_to_index(key);
+    mark_index_set(index);
+    return map.at(index);
+  }
+
+  bool insert(const std::pair<const K, const V> &pair)
+  {
+    std::size_t index = key_to_index(pair.first);
+    if(value_set[index])
+      return false;
+    mark_index_set(index);
+    map.at(index) = pair.second;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  std::size_t count(const K &key) const
+  {
+    return value_set[key_to_index(key)];
+  }
+
+  std::size_t size() const
+  {
+    return n_values_set;
+  }
+};
+
+#endif // CPROVER_UTIL_DENSE_INTEGER_MAP_H