cbiditst.c

// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/********************************************************************
 * COPYRIGHT:
 * Copyright (c) 1997-2014, International Business Machines Corporation and
 * others. All Rights Reserved.
 ********************************************************************/
/*   file name:  cbiditst.c
*   encoding:   UTF-8
*   tab size:   8 (not used)
*   indentation:4
*
*   created on: 1999sep27
*   created by: Markus W. Scherer, updated by Matitiahu Allouche
*/

#include "cintltst.h"
#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#include "unicode/uchar.h"
#include "unicode/ustring.h"
#include "unicode/ubidi.h"
#include "unicode/ushape.h"
#include "cbiditst.h"
#include "cstring.h"
#include <stdbool.h>
/* the following include is needed for snprintf */
#include <stdio.h>

#define MAXLEN      MAX_STRING_LENGTH

/* prototypes ---------------------------------------------------------------*/

void addComplexTest(TestNode** root);

static void testCharFromDirProp(void);

static void testBidi(void);

static void doTests(UBiDi *pBiDi, UBiDi *pLine, UBool countRunsFirst);

static void doMisc(void);

static void doTest(UBiDi *pBiDi, int testNumber, const BiDiTestData *test,
                   int32_t lineStart, UBool countRunsFirst);

static void _testReordering(UBiDi *pBiDi, int testNumber);

static void testInverse(void);

static void _testManyInverseBidi(UBiDi *pBiDi, UBiDiLevel direction);

static void _testInverseBidi(UBiDi *pBiDi, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
                             UBiDiLevel direction, UErrorCode *pErrorCode);

static void _testWriteReverse(void);

static void _testManyAddedPoints(void);

static void _testMisc(void);

static void doArabicShapingTest(void);

static void doLamAlefSpecialVLTRArabicShapingTest(void);

static void doTashkeelSpecialVLTRArabicShapingTest(void);

static void doLOGICALArabicDeShapingTest(void);

static void doArabicShapingTestForBug5421(void);

static void doArabicShapingTestForBug8703(void);

static void doArabicShapingTestForBug9024(void);

static void _testPresentationForms(const UChar *in);

static void doArabicShapingTestForNewCharacters(void);

static void testReorder(void);

static void testReorderArabicMathSymbols(void);

static void testFailureRecovery(void);

static void testMultipleParagraphs(void);

static void testGetBaseDirection(void);

static void testContext(void);

static void doTailTest(void);

static void testBracketOverflow(void);
static void TestExplicitLevel0(void);
static void testUBidiWriteReorderedBufferOverflow(void);

/* new BIDI API */
static void testReorderingMode(void);
static void testReorderRunsOnly(void);
static void testStreaming(void);
static void testClassOverride(void);
static const char* inverseBasic(UBiDi *pBiDi, const char *src, int32_t srcLen,
                                uint32_t option, UBiDiLevel level, char *result);
static UBool assertRoundTrip(UBiDi *pBiDi, int32_t tc, int32_t outIndex,
                             const char *srcChars, const char *destChars,
                             const UChar *dest, int32_t destLen, int mode,
                             int option, UBiDiLevel level);
static UBool checkResultLength(UBiDi *pBiDi, const char *srcChars,
                               const char *destChars,
                               int32_t destLen, const char *mode,
                               const char *option, UBiDiLevel level);
static UBool checkMaps(UBiDi *pBiDi, int32_t stringIndex, const char *src,
                       const char *dest, const char *mode, const char* option,
                       UBiDiLevel level, UBool forward);

/* helpers ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

static const char *levelString="...............................................................";

static void initCharFromDirProps(void);

static UChar *
getStringFromDirProps(const uint8_t *dirProps, int32_t length, UChar *buffer);

static void printUnicode(const UChar *s, int32_t length, const UBiDiLevel *levels);

/* regression tests ---------------------------------------------------------*/

void
addComplexTest(TestNode** root) {
    addTest(root, testCharFromDirProp, "complex/bidi/TestCharFromDirProp");
    addTest(root, testBidi, "complex/bidi/TestBidi");
    addTest(root, testInverse, "complex/bidi/TestInverse");
    addTest(root, testReorder,"complex/bidi/TestReorder");
    addTest(root, testFailureRecovery,"complex/bidi/TestFailureRecovery");
    addTest(root, testMultipleParagraphs,"complex/bidi/TestMultipleParagraphs");
    addTest(root, testReorderingMode, "complex/bidi/TestReorderingMode");
    addTest(root, testReorderRunsOnly, "complex/bidi/TestReorderRunsOnly");
    addTest(root, testStreaming, "complex/bidi/TestStreaming");
    addTest(root, testClassOverride, "complex/bidi/TestClassOverride");
    addTest(root, testGetBaseDirection, "complex/bidi/testGetBaseDirection");
    addTest(root, testContext, "complex/bidi/testContext");
    addTest(root, testBracketOverflow, "complex/bidi/TestBracketOverflow");
    addTest(root, TestExplicitLevel0, "complex/bidi/TestExplicitLevel0");
    addTest(root, testUBidiWriteReorderedBufferOverflow, "complex/bidi/writeReorderedBufferOverflow");

    addTest(root, doArabicShapingTest, "complex/arabic-shaping/ArabicShapingTest");
    addTest(root, doLamAlefSpecialVLTRArabicShapingTest, "complex/arabic-shaping/lamalef");
    addTest(root, doTashkeelSpecialVLTRArabicShapingTest, "complex/arabic-shaping/tashkeel");
    addTest(root, doLOGICALArabicDeShapingTest, "complex/arabic-shaping/unshaping");
    addTest(root, doArabicShapingTestForBug5421, "complex/arabic-shaping/bug-5421");
    addTest(root, doTailTest, "complex/arabic-shaping/tailtest");
    addTest(root, doArabicShapingTestForBug8703, "complex/arabic-shaping/bug-8703");
    addTest(root, testReorderArabicMathSymbols, "complex/bidi/bug-9024");
    addTest(root, doArabicShapingTestForBug9024, "complex/arabic-shaping/bug-9024");
    addTest(root, doArabicShapingTestForNewCharacters, "complex/arabic-shaping/shaping2");
}

static void
testCharFromDirProp(void) {
    /* verify that the exemplar characters have the expected bidi classes */
    int32_t i;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestCharFromDirProp\n\n");
    initCharFromDirProps();

    for(i=0; i<U_CHAR_DIRECTION_COUNT; ++i) {
        if(u_charDirection(charFromDirProp[i])!=(UCharDirection)i) {
            log_err("\nu_charDirection(charFromDirProp[%d]=U+%04x)==%d!=%d\n",
                    i, charFromDirProp[i], u_charDirection(charFromDirProp[i]), i);
        }
    }
    log_verbose("\nExiting TestCharFromDirProp\n\n");
}

static void
testBidi(void) {
    UBiDi *pBiDi, *pLine=NULL;
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestBidi\n\n");

    pBiDi=ubidi_openSized(MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    if(pBiDi!=NULL) {
        pLine=ubidi_open();
        if(pLine!=NULL) {
            doTests(pBiDi, pLine, false);
            doTests(pBiDi, pLine, true);
        } else {
            log_err("ubidi_open() returned NULL, out of memory\n");
        }
    } else {
        log_err("ubidi_openSized() returned NULL, errorCode %s\n", myErrorName(errorCode));
    }
    doMisc();

    if(pLine!=NULL) {
        ubidi_close(pLine);
    }
    if(pBiDi!=NULL) {
        ubidi_close(pBiDi);
    }

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestBidi\n\n");
}

static void
doTests(UBiDi *pBiDi, UBiDi *pLine, UBool countRunsFirst) {
    int testNumber;
    UChar string[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t lineStart;
    UBiDiLevel paraLevel;

    for(testNumber=0; testNumber<bidiTestCount; ++testNumber) {
        errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
        getStringFromDirProps(tests[testNumber].text, tests[testNumber].length, string);
        paraLevel=tests[testNumber].paraLevel;
        ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, string, -1, paraLevel, NULL, &errorCode);
        if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
            log_verbose("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) ok, direction %d paraLevel=%d\n",
                    testNumber, paraLevel, ubidi_getDirection(pBiDi), paraLevel);
            lineStart=tests[testNumber].lineStart;
            if(lineStart==-1) {
                doTest(pBiDi, testNumber, tests+testNumber, 0, countRunsFirst);
            } else {
                ubidi_setLine(pBiDi, lineStart, tests[testNumber].lineLimit, pLine, &errorCode);
                if(U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
                    log_verbose("ubidi_setLine(%d, %d) ok, direction %d paraLevel=%d\n",
                            lineStart, tests[testNumber].lineLimit, ubidi_getDirection(pLine), ubidi_getParaLevel(pLine));
                    doTest(pLine, testNumber, tests+testNumber, lineStart, countRunsFirst);
                } else {
                    log_err("ubidi_setLine(tests[%d], %d, %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                            testNumber, lineStart, tests[testNumber].lineLimit, myErrorName(errorCode));
                }
            }
        } else {
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    testNumber, paraLevel, myErrorName(errorCode));
        }
    }
}

static const char columns[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

#define TABLE_SIZE  256
static UBool   tablesInitialized = false;
static UChar   pseudoToUChar[TABLE_SIZE];
static uint8_t UCharToPseudo[TABLE_SIZE];    /* used for Unicode chars < 0x0100 */
static uint8_t UCharToPseud2[TABLE_SIZE];    /* used for Unicode chars >=0x0100 */

static void buildPseudoTables(void)
/*
    The rules for pseudo-Bidi are as follows:
    - [ == LRE
    - ] == RLE
    - { == LRO
    - } == RLO
    - ^ == PDF
    - @ == LRM
    - & == RLM
    - A-F == Arabic Letters 0631-0636
    - G-V == Hebrew letters 05d7-05e6
    - W-Z == Unassigned RTL 05CC..05CF
        originally 08D0..08D3
        Unicode 6.1 changes U+08A0..U+08FF from R to AL which works ok.
        Unicode 11 adds U+08D3 ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW which has bc=NSM
            so we stop using Z in this test.
        Unicode 14 assigns 08D0..08D2 to diacritics (bc=NSM) so we switch to 05CC..05CF.
    - 0-5 == western digits 0030-0035
    - 6-9 == Arabic-Indic digits 0666-0669
    - ` == Combining Grave Accent 0300 (NSM)
    - ~ == Delete 007f (BN)
    - | == Paragraph Separator 2029 (B)
    - _ == Info Separator 1 001f (S)
    All other characters represent themselves as Latin-1, with the corresponding
    Bidi properties.
*/
{
    int             i;
    UChar           uchar;
    uint8_t         c;
    /* initialize all tables to unknown */
    for (i=0; i < TABLE_SIZE; i++) {
        pseudoToUChar[i] = 0xFFFD;
        UCharToPseudo[i] = '?';
        UCharToPseud2[i] = '?';
    }
    /* initialize non letters or digits */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t) 0 ] = 0x0000;    UCharToPseudo[0x00] = (uint8_t) 0 ;
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)' '] = 0x0020;    UCharToPseudo[0x20] = (uint8_t)' ';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'!'] = 0x0021;    UCharToPseudo[0x21] = (uint8_t)'!';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'"'] = 0x0022;    UCharToPseudo[0x22] = (uint8_t)'"';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'#'] = 0x0023;    UCharToPseudo[0x23] = (uint8_t)'#';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'$'] = 0x0024;    UCharToPseudo[0x24] = (uint8_t)'$';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'%'] = 0x0025;    UCharToPseudo[0x25] = (uint8_t)'%';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'\'']= 0x0027;    UCharToPseudo[0x27] = (uint8_t)'\'';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'('] = 0x0028;    UCharToPseudo[0x28] = (uint8_t)'(';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)')'] = 0x0029;    UCharToPseudo[0x29] = (uint8_t)')';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'*'] = 0x002A;    UCharToPseudo[0x2A] = (uint8_t)'*';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'+'] = 0x002B;    UCharToPseudo[0x2B] = (uint8_t)'+';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)','] = 0x002C;    UCharToPseudo[0x2C] = (uint8_t)',';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'-'] = 0x002D;    UCharToPseudo[0x2D] = (uint8_t)'-';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'.'] = 0x002E;    UCharToPseudo[0x2E] = (uint8_t)'.';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'/'] = 0x002F;    UCharToPseudo[0x2F] = (uint8_t)'/';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)':'] = 0x003A;    UCharToPseudo[0x3A] = (uint8_t)':';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)';'] = 0x003B;    UCharToPseudo[0x3B] = (uint8_t)';';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'<'] = 0x003C;    UCharToPseudo[0x3C] = (uint8_t)'<';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'='] = 0x003D;    UCharToPseudo[0x3D] = (uint8_t)'=';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'>'] = 0x003E;    UCharToPseudo[0x3E] = (uint8_t)'>';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'?'] = 0x003F;    UCharToPseudo[0x3F] = (uint8_t)'?';
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'\\']= 0x005C;    UCharToPseudo[0x5C] = (uint8_t)'\\';
    /* initialize specially used characters */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'`'] = 0x0300;    UCharToPseud2[0x00] = (uint8_t)'`';  /* NSM */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'@'] = 0x200E;    UCharToPseud2[0x0E] = (uint8_t)'@';  /* LRM */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'&'] = 0x200F;    UCharToPseud2[0x0F] = (uint8_t)'&';  /* RLM */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'_'] = 0x001F;    UCharToPseudo[0x1F] = (uint8_t)'_';  /* S   */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'|'] = 0x2029;    UCharToPseud2[0x29] = (uint8_t)'|';  /* B   */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'['] = 0x202A;    UCharToPseud2[0x2A] = (uint8_t)'[';  /* LRE */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)']'] = 0x202B;    UCharToPseud2[0x2B] = (uint8_t)']';  /* RLE */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'^'] = 0x202C;    UCharToPseud2[0x2C] = (uint8_t)'^';  /* PDF */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'{'] = 0x202D;    UCharToPseud2[0x2D] = (uint8_t)'{';  /* LRO */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'}'] = 0x202E;    UCharToPseud2[0x2E] = (uint8_t)'}';  /* RLO */
    pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)'~'] = 0x007F;    UCharToPseudo[0x7F] = (uint8_t)'~';  /* BN  */
    /* initialize western digits */
    for (i = 0, uchar = 0x0030; i < 6; i++, uchar++) {
        c = (uint8_t)columns[i];
        pseudoToUChar[c] = uchar;
        UCharToPseudo[uchar & 0x00ff] = c;
    }
    /* initialize Hindi digits */
    for (i = 6, uchar = 0x0666; i < 10; i++, uchar++) {
        c = (uint8_t)columns[i];
        pseudoToUChar[c] = uchar;
        UCharToPseud2[uchar & 0x00ff] = c;
    }
    /* initialize Arabic letters */
    for (i = 10, uchar = 0x0631; i < 16; i++, uchar++) {
        c = (uint8_t)columns[i];
        pseudoToUChar[c] = uchar;
        UCharToPseud2[uchar & 0x00ff] = c;
    }
    /* initialize Hebrew letters */
    for (i = 16, uchar = 0x05D7; i < 32; i++, uchar++) {
        c = (uint8_t)columns[i];
        pseudoToUChar[c] = uchar;
        UCharToPseud2[uchar & 0x00ff] = c;
    }
    /* initialize Unassigned code points */
    for (i = 32, uchar=0x05CC; i < 36; i++, uchar++) {
        c = (uint8_t)columns[i];
        pseudoToUChar[c] = uchar;
        UCharToPseud2[uchar & 0x00ff] = c;
    }
    /* initialize Latin lower case letters */
    for (i = 36, uchar = 0x0061; i < 62; i++, uchar++) {
        c = (uint8_t)columns[i];
        pseudoToUChar[c] = uchar;
        UCharToPseudo[uchar & 0x00ff] = c;
    }
    tablesInitialized = true;
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int pseudoToU16(const int length, const char * input, UChar * output)
/*  This function converts a pseudo-Bidi string into a UChar string.
    It returns the length of the UChar string.
*/
{
    int             i;
    if (!tablesInitialized) {
        buildPseudoTables();
    }
    for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
        output[i] = pseudoToUChar[(uint8_t)input[i]];
    output[length] = 0;
    return length;
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static int u16ToPseudo(const int length, const UChar * input, char * output)
/*  This function converts a UChar string into a pseudo-Bidi string.
    It returns the length of the pseudo-Bidi string.
*/
{
    int             i;
    UChar           uchar;
    if (!tablesInitialized) {
        buildPseudoTables();
    }
    for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
    {
        uchar = input[i];
        output[i] = uchar < 0x0100 ? UCharToPseudo[uchar] :
                                        UCharToPseud2[uchar & 0x00ff];
    }
    output[length] = '\0';
    return length;
}

static char * formatLevels(UBiDi *bidi, char *buffer) {
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    const UBiDiLevel* gotLevels = ubidi_getLevels(bidi, &ec);
    int32_t len = ubidi_getLength(bidi);
    char c;
    int32_t i, k;

    if(U_FAILURE(ec)) {
        strcpy(buffer, "BAD LEVELS");
        return buffer;
    }
    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
        k = gotLevels[i];
        if (k >= (int32_t)sizeof(columns))
            c = '+';
        else
            c = columns[k];
        buffer[i] = c;
    }
    buffer[len] = '\0';
    return buffer;
}
static const char *reorderingModeNames[] = {
    "UBIDI_REORDER_DEFAULT",
    "UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL",
    "UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R",
    "UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY",
    "UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L",
    "UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT",
    "UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL"};

static char *reorderingOptionNames(char *buffer, int options) {
    buffer[0] = 0;
    if (options & UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS) {
        strcat(buffer, " UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS");
    }
    if (options & UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS) {
        strcat(buffer, " UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS");
    }
    if (options & UBIDI_OPTION_STREAMING) {
        strcat(buffer, " UBIDI_OPTION_STREAMING");
    }
    return buffer;
}

static void printCaseInfo(UBiDi *bidi, const char *src, const char *dst)
/* src and dst are char arrays encoded as pseudo Bidi */
{
    /* Since calls to log_err with a \n within the pattern increment the
     * error count, new lines are issued via fputs, except when we want the
     * increment to happen.
     */
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t i, length = ubidi_getProcessedLength(bidi);
    const UBiDiLevel *levels;
    char levelChars[MAXLEN];
    UBiDiLevel lev;
    int32_t runCount;
    char buffer[100];
    log_err("========================================"); fputs("\n", stderr);
    levels = ubidi_getLevels(bidi, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        strcpy(levelChars, "BAD LEVELS");
    } else {
        log_err("Processed length: %d", length); fputs("\n", stderr);
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            lev = levels[i];
            if (lev < sizeof(columns)) {
                levelChars[i] = columns[lev];
            } else {
                levelChars[i] = '+';
            }
        }
        levelChars[length] = 0;
    }
    log_err("Levels: %s", levelChars); fputs("\n", stderr);
    log_err("Source: %s", src); fputs("\n", stderr);
    log_err("Result: %s", dst); fputs("\n", stderr);
    log_err("Direction: %d", ubidi_getDirection(bidi)); fputs("\n", stderr);
    log_err("paraLevel: %d", ubidi_getParaLevel(bidi)); fputs("\n", stderr);
    i = ubidi_getReorderingMode(bidi);
    log_err("reorderingMode: %d = %s", i, reorderingModeNames[i]);
    fputs("\n", stderr);
    i = ubidi_getReorderingOptions(bidi);
    log_err("reorderingOptions: %d = %s", i, reorderingOptionNames(buffer, i));
    fputs("\n", stderr);
    runCount = ubidi_countRuns(bidi, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err( "BAD RUNS");
    } else {
        log_err("Runs: %d => logicalStart.length/level: ", runCount);
        for (i = 0; i < runCount; i++) {
            UBiDiDirection dir;
            int32_t start, len;
            dir = ubidi_getVisualRun(bidi, i, &start, &len);
            log_err(" %d.%d/%d", start, len, dir);
        }
    }
    fputs("\n", stderr);
}

static UBool matchingPair(UBiDi *bidi, int32_t i, char c1, char c2)
{
    /* No test for []{} since they have special meaning for pseudo Bidi */
    static char mates1Chars[] = "<>()";
    static char mates2Chars[] = "><)(";
    UBiDiLevel level;
    int k, len;

    if (c1 == c2) {
        return true;
    }
    /* For UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY, it would not be correct to check levels[i],
       so we use the appropriate run's level, which is good for all cases.
     */
    ubidi_getLogicalRun(bidi, i, NULL, &level);
    if ((level & 1) == 0) {
        return false;
    }
    len = (int)strlen(mates1Chars);
    for (k = 0; k < len; k++) {
        if ((c1 == mates1Chars[k]) && (c2 == mates2Chars[k])) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static UBool checkWhatYouCan(UBiDi *bidi, const char *srcChars, const char *dstChars)
/* srcChars and dstChars are char arrays encoded as pseudo Bidi */
{
    int32_t i, idx, logLimit, visLimit;
    UBool testOK, errMap, errDst;
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t visMap[MAXLEN];
    int32_t logMap[MAXLEN];
    char accumSrc[MAXLEN];
    char accumDst[MAXLEN];
    ubidi_getVisualMap(bidi, visMap, &errorCode);
    ubidi_getLogicalMap(bidi, logMap, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("Error #1 invoking ICU within checkWhatYouCan\n");
        return false;
    }

    testOK = true;
    errMap = errDst = false;
    logLimit = ubidi_getProcessedLength(bidi);
    visLimit = ubidi_getResultLength(bidi);
    memset(accumSrc, '?', logLimit);
    memset(accumDst, '?', visLimit);

    for (i = 0; i < logLimit; i++) {
        idx = ubidi_getVisualIndex(bidi, i, &errorCode);
        if (idx != logMap[i]) {
            errMap = true;
        }
        if (idx == UBIDI_MAP_NOWHERE) {
            continue;
        }
        if (idx >= visLimit) {
            continue;
        }
        accumDst[idx] = srcChars[i];
        if (!matchingPair(bidi, i, srcChars[i], dstChars[idx])) {
            errDst = true;
        }
    }
    accumDst[visLimit] = 0;
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("Error #2 invoking ICU within checkWhatYouCan\n");
        return false;
    }
    if (errMap) {
        if (testOK) {
            printCaseInfo(bidi, srcChars, dstChars);
            testOK = false;
        }
        log_err("Mismatch between getLogicalMap() and getVisualIndex()\n");
        log_err("Map    :");
        for (i = 0; i < logLimit; i++) {
            log_err(" %d", logMap[i]);
        }
        fputs("\n", stderr);
        log_err("Indexes:");
        for (i = 0; i < logLimit; i++) {
            log_err(" %d", ubidi_getVisualIndex(bidi, i, &errorCode));
        }
        fputs("\n", stderr);
    }
    if (errDst) {
        if (testOK) {
            printCaseInfo(bidi, srcChars, dstChars);
            testOK = false;
        }
        log_err("Source does not map to Result\n");
        log_err("We got: %s", accumDst); fputs("\n", stderr);
    }

    errMap = errDst = false;
    for (i = 0; i < visLimit; i++) {
        idx = ubidi_getLogicalIndex(bidi, i, &errorCode);
        if (idx != visMap[i]) {
            errMap = true;
        }
        if (idx == UBIDI_MAP_NOWHERE) {
            continue;
        }
        if (idx >= logLimit) {
            continue;
        }
        accumSrc[idx] = dstChars[i];
        if (!matchingPair(bidi, idx, srcChars[idx], dstChars[i])) {
            errDst = true;
        }
    }
    accumSrc[logLimit] = 0;
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("Error #3 invoking ICU within checkWhatYouCan\n");
        return false;
    }
    if (errMap) {
        if (testOK) {
            printCaseInfo(bidi, srcChars, dstChars);
            testOK = false;
        }
        log_err("Mismatch between getVisualMap() and getLogicalIndex()\n");
        log_err("Map    :");
        for (i = 0; i < visLimit; i++) {
            log_err(" %d", visMap[i]);
        }
        fputs("\n", stderr);
        log_err("Indexes:");
        for (i = 0; i < visLimit; i++) {
            log_err(" %d", ubidi_getLogicalIndex(bidi, i, &errorCode));
        }
        fputs("\n", stderr);
    }
    if (errDst) {
        if (testOK) {
            printCaseInfo(bidi, srcChars, dstChars);
            testOK = false;
        }
        log_err("Result does not map to Source\n");
        log_err("We got: %s", accumSrc);
        fputs("\n", stderr);
    }
    return testOK;
}

static void
testReorder(void) {
    static const char* const logicalOrder[] ={
            "del(KC)add(K.C.&)",
            "del(QDVT) add(BVDL)",
            "del(PQ)add(R.S.)T)U.&",
            "del(LV)add(L.V.) L.V.&",
            "day  0  R  DPDHRVR dayabbr",
            "day  1  H  DPHPDHDA dayabbr",
            "day  2   L  DPBLENDA dayabbr",
            "day  3  J  DPJQVM  dayabbr",
            "day  4   I  DPIQNF    dayabbr",
            "day  5  M  DPMEG  dayabbr",
            "helloDPMEG",
            "hello WXY"
    };
    static const char* const visualOrder[]={
            "del(CK)add(&.C.K)",
            "del(TVDQ) add(LDVB)",
            "del(QP)add(S.R.)&.U(T",            /* updated for Unicode 6.3 matching brackets */
            "del(VL)add(V.L.) &.V.L",           /* updated for Unicode 6.3 matching brackets */
            "day  0  RVRHDPD  R dayabbr",
            "day  1  ADHDPHPD  H dayabbr",
            "day  2   ADNELBPD  L dayabbr",
            "day  3  MVQJPD  J  dayabbr",
            "day  4   FNQIPD  I    dayabbr",
            "day  5  GEMPD  M  dayabbr",
            "helloGEMPD",
            "hello YXW"
    };
    static const char* const visualOrder1[]={
            ")K.C.&(dda)KC(led",
            ")BVDL(dda )QDVT(led",
            "T(U.&).R.S(dda)PQ(led",            /* updated for Unicode 6.3 matching brackets */
            "L.V.& ).L.V(dda)LV(led",           /* updated for Unicode 6.3 matching brackets */
            "rbbayad R  DPDHRVR  0  yad",
            "rbbayad H  DPHPDHDA  1  yad",
            "rbbayad L  DPBLENDA   2  yad",
            "rbbayad  J  DPJQVM  3  yad",
            "rbbayad    I  DPIQNF   4  yad",
            "rbbayad  M  DPMEG  5  yad",
            "DPMEGolleh",
            "WXY olleh"
    };

    static const char* const visualOrder2[]={
            "@)@K.C.&@(dda)@KC@(led",
            "@)@BVDL@(dda )@QDVT@(led",
            "R.S.)T)U.&@(dda)@PQ@(led",
            "L.V.) L.V.&@(dda)@LV@(led",
            "rbbayad @R  DPDHRVR@  0  yad",
            "rbbayad @H  DPHPDHDA@  1  yad",
            "rbbayad @L  DPBLENDA@   2  yad",
            "rbbayad  @J  DPJQVM@  3  yad",
            "rbbayad    @I  DPIQNF@   4  yad",
            "rbbayad  @M  DPMEG@  5  yad",
            "DPMEGolleh",
            "WXY@ olleh"
    };
    static const char* const visualOrder3[]={
            ")K.C.&(KC)dda(led",
            ")BVDL(ddaQDVT) (led",
            "R.S.)T)U.&(PQ)dda(led",
            "L.V.) L.V.&(LV)dda(led",
            "rbbayad DPDHRVR   R  0 yad",
            "rbbayad DPHPDHDA   H  1 yad",
            "rbbayad DPBLENDA     L 2 yad",
            "rbbayad  DPJQVM   J  3 yad",
            "rbbayad    DPIQNF     I 4 yad",
            "rbbayad  DPMEG   M  5 yad",
            "DPMEGolleh",
            "WXY olleh"
    };
    static const char* const visualOrder4[]={
            "del(add(CK(.C.K)",
            "del( (TVDQadd(LDVB)",
            "del(add(QP(.U(T(.S.R",
            "del(add(VL(.V.L (.V.L",
            "day 0  R   RVRHDPD dayabbr",
            "day 1  H   ADHDPHPD dayabbr",
            "day 2 L     ADNELBPD dayabbr",
            "day 3  J   MVQJPD  dayabbr",
            "day 4 I     FNQIPD    dayabbr",
            "day 5  M   GEMPD  dayabbr",
            "helloGEMPD",
            "hello YXW"
    };
    char formatChars[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi* bidi = ubidi_open();
    int i;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestReorder\n\n");

    for(i=0;i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalOrder);i++){
        int32_t srcSize = (int32_t)strlen(logicalOrder[i]);
        int32_t destSize = srcSize*2;
        UChar src[MAXLEN];
        UChar dest[MAXLEN];
        char chars[MAXLEN];
        log_verbose("Testing L2V #1 for case %d\n", i);
        pseudoToU16(srcSize,logicalOrder[i],src);
        ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setPara(bidi,src,srcSize,UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR ,NULL,&ec);
        if(U_FAILURE(ec)){
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    i, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, u_errorName(ec));
        }
        /* try pre-flighting */
        destSize = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,0,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING,&ec);
        if(ec!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected error: Expected: U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. Got: %s \n",u_errorName(ec));
        }else if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected size: Expected: %d. Got: %d \n",srcSize,destSize);
        }else{
            ec= U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        destSize=ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,destSize+1,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING,&ec);
        u16ToPseudo(destSize,dest,chars);
        if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() destSize and srcSize do not match\n");
        }else if(strcmp(visualOrder[i],chars)!=0){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() did not give expected results for UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING.\n"
                    "Input   : %s\nExpected: %s\nGot     : %s\nLevels  : %s\nAt Index: %d\n",
                    logicalOrder[i],visualOrder[i],chars,formatLevels(bidi, formatChars),i);
        }
        checkWhatYouCan(bidi, logicalOrder[i], chars);
    }

    for(i=0;i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalOrder);i++){
        int32_t srcSize = (int32_t)strlen(logicalOrder[i]);
        int32_t destSize = srcSize*2;
        UChar src[MAXLEN];
        UChar dest[MAXLEN];
        char chars[MAXLEN];
        log_verbose("Testing L2V #2 for case %d\n", i);
        pseudoToU16(srcSize,logicalOrder[i],src);
        ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setPara(bidi,src,srcSize,UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR ,NULL,&ec);
        if(U_FAILURE(ec)){
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    i, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, u_errorName(ec));
        }
        /* try pre-flighting */
        destSize = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,0,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING+UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE,&ec);
        if(ec!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected error: Expected: U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. Got: %s \n",u_errorName(ec));
        }else if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected size: Expected: %d. Got: %d \n",srcSize,destSize);
        }else{
            ec= U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        destSize=ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,destSize+1,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING+UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE,&ec);
        u16ToPseudo(destSize,dest,chars);
        if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() destSize and srcSize do not match\n");
        }else if(strcmp(visualOrder1[i],chars)!=0){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() did not give expected results for UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING+UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE.\n"
                    "Input   : %s\nExpected: %s\nGot     : %s\nLevels  : %s\nAt Index: %d\n",
                    logicalOrder[i],visualOrder1[i],chars,formatLevels(bidi, formatChars),i);
        }
    }

    for(i=0;i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalOrder);i++){
        int32_t srcSize = (int32_t)strlen(logicalOrder[i]);
        int32_t destSize = srcSize*2;
        UChar src[MAXLEN];
        UChar dest[MAXLEN];
        char chars[MAXLEN];
        log_verbose("Testing V2L #3 for case %d\n", i);
        pseudoToU16(srcSize,logicalOrder[i],src);
        ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setInverse(bidi,true);
        ubidi_setPara(bidi,src,srcSize,UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR ,NULL,&ec);
        if(U_FAILURE(ec)){
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    i, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, u_errorName(ec));
        }
                /* try pre-flighting */
        destSize = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,0,UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC+UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE,&ec);
        if(ec!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected error: Expected: U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. Got: %s \n",u_errorName(ec));
        }else{
            ec= U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        destSize=ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,destSize+1,UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC+UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE,&ec);
        u16ToPseudo(destSize,dest,chars);
        if(strcmp(visualOrder2[i],chars)!=0){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() did not give expected results for UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC+UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE.\n"
                    "Input   : %s\nExpected: %s\nGot     : %s\nLevels  : %s\nAt Index: %d\n",
                    logicalOrder[i],visualOrder2[i],chars,formatLevels(bidi, formatChars),i);
        }
    }
        /* Max Explicit level */
    for(i=0;i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalOrder);i++){
        int32_t srcSize = (int32_t)strlen(logicalOrder[i]);
        int32_t destSize = srcSize*2;
        UChar src[MAXLEN];
        UChar dest[MAXLEN];
        char chars[MAXLEN];
        UBiDiLevel levels[UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
        log_verbose("Testing V2L #4 for case %d\n", i);
        pseudoToU16(srcSize,logicalOrder[i],src);
        ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setPara(bidi,src,srcSize,UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR,levels,&ec);
        if(U_FAILURE(ec)){
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    i, UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL, u_errorName(ec));
        }
                /* try pre-flighting */
        destSize = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,0,UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE,&ec);
        if(ec!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected error: Expected: U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. Got: %s \n",u_errorName(ec));
        }else if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected size: Expected: %d. Got: %d \n",srcSize,destSize);
        }else{
            ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        destSize=ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,destSize+1,UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE,&ec);
        u16ToPseudo(destSize,dest,chars);
        if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() destSize and srcSize do not match. Dest Size = %d Source Size = %d\n",destSize,srcSize );
        }else if(strcmp(visualOrder3[i],chars)!=0){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() did not give expected results for UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE.\n"
                    "Input   : %s\nExpected: %s\nGot     : %s\nLevels  : %s\nAt Index: %d\n",
                    logicalOrder[i],visualOrder3[i],chars,formatLevels(bidi, formatChars),i);
        }
    }
    for(i=0;i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalOrder);i++){
        int32_t srcSize = (int32_t)strlen(logicalOrder[i]);
        int32_t destSize = srcSize*2;
        UChar src[MAXLEN];
        UChar dest[MAXLEN];
        char chars[MAXLEN];
        UBiDiLevel levels[UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
        log_verbose("Testing V2L #5 for case %d\n", i);
        pseudoToU16(srcSize,logicalOrder[i],src);
        ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setPara(bidi,src,srcSize,UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR,levels,&ec);
        if(U_FAILURE(ec)){
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    i, UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL, u_errorName(ec));
        }
        /* try pre-flighting */
        destSize = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,0,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING+UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS,&ec);
        if(ec!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected error: Expected: U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. Got: %s \n",u_errorName(ec));
        }else{
            ec= U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        destSize=ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,destSize+1,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING+UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS,&ec);
        u16ToPseudo(destSize,dest,chars);
        if(strcmp(visualOrder4[i],chars)!=0){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() did not give expected results for UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING+UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS.\n"
                    "Input   : %s\nExpected: %s\nGot     : %s\nLevels  : %s\nAt Index: %d\n",
                    logicalOrder[i],visualOrder4[i],chars,formatLevels(bidi, formatChars),i);
        }
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestReorder\n\n");
}

static void
testReorderArabicMathSymbols(void) {
    static const UChar logicalOrder[][MAXLEN]={
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols 0x1EE00 - 0x1EE1B */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE00, 0xD83B, 0xDE01, 0xD83B, 0xDE02, 0xD83B, 0xDE03, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE24, 0xD83B, 0xDE05, 0xD83B, 0xDE06, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE07, 0xD83B, 0xDE08, 0xD83B, 0xDE09, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0A, 0xD83B, 0xDE0B, 0xD83B, 0xDE0C, 0xD83B, 0xDE0D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0E, 0xD83B, 0xDE0F, 0xD83B, 0xDE10, 0xD83B, 0xDE11, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE12, 0xD83B, 0xDE13, 0xD83B, 0xDE14, 0xD83B, 0xDE15, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE16, 0xD83B, 0xDE17, 0xD83B, 0xDE18, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE19, 0xD83B, 0xDE1A, 0xD83B, 0xDE1B},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Looped Symbols, 0x1EE80 - 0x1EE9B */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE80, 0xD83B, 0xDE81, 0xD83B, 0xDE82, 0xD83B, 0xDE83, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE84, 0xD83B, 0xDE85, 0xD83B, 0xDE86, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE87, 0xD83B, 0xDE88, 0xD83B, 0xDE89, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8B, 0xD83B, 0xDE8C, 0xD83B, 0xDE8D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8E, 0xD83B, 0xDE8F, 0xD83B, 0xDE90, 0xD83B, 0xDE91, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE92, 0xD83B, 0xDE93, 0xD83B, 0xDE94, 0xD83B, 0xDE95, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE96, 0xD83B, 0xDE97, 0xD83B, 0xDE98, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE99, 0xD83B, 0xDE9A, 0xD83B, 0xDE9B},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Double-struck Symbols, 0x1EEA1 - 0x1EEBB */
        {0xD83B, 0xDEA1, 0xD83B, 0xDEA2, 0xD83B, 0xDEA3, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA5, 0xD83B, 0xDEA6, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA7, 0xD83B, 0xDEA8, 0xD83B, 0xDEA9, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAB, 0xD83B, 0xDEAC, 0xD83B, 0xDEAD, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAE, 0xD83B, 0xDEAF, 0xD83B, 0xDEB0, 0xD83B, 0xDEB1, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB2, 0xD83B, 0xDEB3, 0xD83B, 0xDEB4, 0xD83B, 0xDEB5, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB6, 0xD83B, 0xDEB7, 0xD83B, 0xDEB8, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB9, 0xD83B, 0xDEBA, 0xD83B, 0xDEBB},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Initial Symbols, 0x1EE21 - 0x1EE3B */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE21, 0xD83B, 0xDE22, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE27, 0xD83B, 0xDE29, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2A, 0xD83B, 0xDE2B, 0xD83B, 0xDE2C, 0xD83B, 0xDE2D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2E, 0xD83B, 0xDE2F, 0xD83B, 0xDE30, 0xD83B, 0xDE31, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE32, 0xD83B, 0xDE34, 0xD83B, 0xDE35, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE36, 0xD83B, 0xDE37, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE39, 0xD83B, 0xDE3B},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Tailed Symbols */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE42, 0xD83B, 0xDE47, 0xD83B, 0xDE49, 0xD83B, 0xDE4B, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE4D, 0xD83B, 0xDE4E, 0xD83B, 0xDE4F, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE51, 0xD83B, 0xDE52, 0xD83B, 0xDE54, 0xD83B, 0xDE57, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE59, 0xD83B, 0xDE5B, 0xD83B, 0xDE5D, 0xD83B, 0xDE5F}
    };
    static const UChar visualOrder[][MAXLEN]={
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols 0x1EE00 - 0x1EE1B */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE1B, 0xD83B, 0xDE1A, 0xD83B, 0xDE19, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE18, 0xD83B, 0xDE17, 0xD83B, 0xDE16, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE15, 0xD83B, 0xDE14, 0xD83B, 0xDE13, 0xD83B, 0xDE12, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE11, 0xD83B, 0xDE10, 0xD83B, 0xDE0F, 0xD83B, 0xDE0E, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0D, 0xD83B, 0xDE0C, 0xD83B, 0xDE0B, 0xD83B, 0xDE0A, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE09, 0xD83B, 0xDE08, 0xD83B, 0xDE07, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE06, 0xD83B, 0xDE05, 0xD83B, 0xDE24, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE03, 0xD83B, 0xDE02, 0xD83B, 0xDE01, 0xD83B, 0xDE00},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Looped Symbols, 0x1EE80 - 0x1EE9B */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE9B, 0xD83B, 0xDE9A, 0xD83B, 0xDE99, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE98, 0xD83B, 0xDE97, 0xD83B, 0xDE96, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE95, 0xD83B, 0xDE94, 0xD83B, 0xDE93, 0xD83B, 0xDE92, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE91, 0xD83B, 0xDE90, 0xD83B, 0xDE8F, 0xD83B, 0xDE8E, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8D, 0xD83B, 0xDE8C, 0xD83B, 0xDE8B, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE89, 0xD83B, 0xDE88, 0xD83B, 0xDE87, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE86, 0xD83B, 0xDE85, 0xD83B, 0xDE84, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE83, 0xD83B, 0xDE82, 0xD83B, 0xDE81, 0xD83B, 0xDE80},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Double-struck Symbols, 0x1EEA1 - 0x1EEBB */
        {0xD83B, 0xDEBB, 0xD83B, 0xDEBA, 0xD83B, 0xDEB9, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB8, 0xD83B, 0xDEB7, 0xD83B, 0xDEB6, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB5, 0xD83B, 0xDEB4, 0xD83B, 0xDEB3, 0xD83B, 0xDEB2, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB1, 0xD83B, 0xDEB0, 0xD83B, 0xDEAF, 0xD83B, 0xDEAE, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAD, 0xD83B, 0xDEAC, 0xD83B, 0xDEAB, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA9, 0xD83B, 0xDEA8, 0xD83B, 0xDEA7, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA6, 0xD83B, 0xDEA5, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA3, 0xD83B, 0xDEA2, 0xD83B, 0xDEA1},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Initial Symbols, 0x1EE21 - 0x1EE3B */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE3B, 0xD83B, 0xDE39, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE37, 0xD83B, 0xDE36, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE35, 0xD83B, 0xDE34, 0xD83B, 0xDE32, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE31, 0xD83B, 0xDE30, 0xD83B, 0xDE2F, 0xD83B, 0xDE2E, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2D, 0xD83B, 0xDE2C, 0xD83B, 0xDE2B, 0xD83B, 0xDE2A, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE29, 0xD83B, 0xDE27, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE22, 0xD83B, 0xDE21},
        /* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Tailed Symbols */
        {0xD83B, 0xDE5F, 0xD83B, 0xDE5D, 0xD83B, 0xDE5B, 0xD83B, 0xDE59, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE57, 0xD83B, 0xDE54, 0xD83B, 0xDE52, 0xD83B, 0xDE51, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE4F, 0xD83B, 0xDE4E, 0xD83B, 0xDE4D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE4B, 0xD83B, 0xDE49, 0xD83B, 0xDE47, 0xD83B, 0xDE42}
    };
    char formatChars[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi* bidi = ubidi_open();
    int i;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestReorderArabicMathSymbols\n\n");

    for(i=0;i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalOrder);i++){
        int32_t srcSize = u_strlen(logicalOrder[i]);
        int32_t destSize = srcSize*2;
        UChar dest[MAXLEN];
        log_verbose("Testing L2V #1 for case %d\n", i);
        ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setPara(bidi,logicalOrder[i],srcSize,UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR ,NULL,&ec);
        if(U_FAILURE(ec)){
            log_err("ubidi_setPara(tests[%d], paraLevel %d) failed with errorCode %s\n",
                    i, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, u_errorName(ec));
        }
        /* try pre-flighting */
        destSize = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,0,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING,&ec);
        if(ec!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected error: Expected: U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. Got: %s \n",u_errorName(ec));
        }else if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("Pre-flighting did not give expected size: Expected: %d. Got: %d \n",srcSize,destSize);
        }else{
            ec= U_ZERO_ERROR;
        }
        destSize=ubidi_writeReordered(bidi,dest,destSize+1,UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING,&ec);
        if(destSize!=srcSize){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() destSize and srcSize do not match\n");
        }else if(memcmp(dest, visualOrder[i], destSize*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0){
            log_err("ubidi_writeReordered() did not give expected results for UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING.\n"
                    "Input   : %s\nExpected: %s\nGot     : %s\nLevels  : %s\nAt Index: %d\n",
                    logicalOrder[i],visualOrder[i],dest,formatLevels(bidi, formatChars),i);
        }
    }

    ubidi_close(bidi);

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestReorderArabicMathSymbols\n\n");
}

static void
doTest(UBiDi *pBiDi, int testNumber, const BiDiTestData *test, int32_t lineStart, UBool countRunsFirst) {
    const uint8_t *dirProps= (test->text == NULL) ? NULL : test->text+lineStart;
    const UBiDiLevel *levels=test->levels;
    const uint8_t *visualMap=test->visualMap;
    int32_t i, len=ubidi_getLength(pBiDi), logicalIndex, runCount = 0;
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDiLevel level, level2;

    if (countRunsFirst) {
        log_verbose("Calling ubidi_countRuns() first.\n");

        runCount = ubidi_countRuns(pBiDi, &errorCode);

        if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
            log_err("ubidi_countRuns(tests[%d]): error %s\n", testNumber, myErrorName(errorCode));
            return;
        }
    } else {
        log_verbose("Calling ubidi_getLogicalMap() first.\n");
    }

    _testReordering(pBiDi, testNumber);

    for(i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%3d %3d %.*s%-3s @%d\n",
                i, ubidi_getLevelAt(pBiDi, i), ubidi_getLevelAt(pBiDi, i), levelString,
                dirPropNames[dirProps[i]],
                ubidi_getVisualIndex(pBiDi, i, &errorCode));
    }

    log_verbose("\n-----levels:");
    for(i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        if(i>0) {
            log_verbose(",");
        }
        log_verbose(" %d", ubidi_getLevelAt(pBiDi, i));
    }

    log_verbose("\n--reordered:");
    for(i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        if(i>0) {
            log_verbose(",");
        }
        log_verbose(" %d", ubidi_getVisualIndex(pBiDi, i, &errorCode));
    }
    log_verbose("\n");

    if(test->direction!=ubidi_getDirection(pBiDi)) {
        log_err("ubidi_getDirection(tests[%d]): wrong direction %d\n", testNumber, ubidi_getDirection(pBiDi));
    }

    if(test->resultLevel!=ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi)) {
        log_err("ubidi_getParaLevel(tests[%d]): wrong paragraph level %d\n", testNumber, ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi));
    }

    for(i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        if(levels[i]!=ubidi_getLevelAt(pBiDi, i)) {
            log_err("ubidi_getLevelAt(tests[%d], %d): wrong level %d, expected %d\n", testNumber, i, ubidi_getLevelAt(pBiDi, i), levels[i]);
            return;
        }
    }

    for(i=0; i<len; ++i) {
        logicalIndex=ubidi_getVisualIndex(pBiDi, i, &errorCode);
        if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
            log_err("ubidi_getVisualIndex(tests[%d], %d): error %s\n", testNumber, i, myErrorName(errorCode));
            return;
        }
        if(visualMap[i]!=logicalIndex) {
            log_err("ubidi_getVisualIndex(tests[%d], %d): wrong index %d\n", testNumber, i, logicalIndex);
            return;
        }
    }

    if (! countRunsFirst) {
        runCount=ubidi_countRuns(pBiDi, &errorCode);
        if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
            log_err("ubidi_countRuns(tests[%d]): error %s\n", testNumber, myErrorName(errorCode));
            return;
        }
    }

    for(logicalIndex=0; logicalIndex<len;) {
        level=ubidi_getLevelAt(pBiDi, logicalIndex);
        ubidi_getLogicalRun(pBiDi, logicalIndex, &logicalIndex, &level2);
        if(level!=level2) {
            log_err("ubidi_getLogicalRun(tests[%d], run ending at index %d): "
                    "wrong level %d instead of %d\n",
                    testNumber, logicalIndex, level, level2);
        }
        if(--runCount<0) {
            log_err("\nubidi_getLogicalRun(tests[%d]): wrong number of runs "
                    "compared to %d=ubidi_countRuns()\n",
                    testNumber, ubidi_countRuns(pBiDi, &errorCode));
            return;
        }
    }
    if(runCount!=0) {
        log_err("\nubidi_getLogicalRun(tests[%d]): wrong number of runs "
                "compared to %d=ubidi_getRunCount()\n",
                testNumber, ubidi_countRuns(pBiDi, &errorCode));
        return;
    }

    log_verbose("\n\n");
}

static void
_testReordering(UBiDi *pBiDi, int testNumber) {
    int32_t
        logicalMap1[MAXLEN], logicalMap2[MAXLEN], logicalMap3[MAXLEN],
        visualMap1[MAXLEN], visualMap2[MAXLEN], visualMap3[MAXLEN], visualMap4[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    const UBiDiLevel *levels;
    int32_t i, length=ubidi_getLength(pBiDi),
               destLength=ubidi_getResultLength(pBiDi);
    int32_t runCount, visualIndex, logicalStart, runLength;
    UBool odd;

    if(length<=0) {
        return;
    }

    /* get the logical and visual maps from the object */
    ubidi_getLogicalMap(pBiDi, logicalMap1, &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_getLogicalMap(tests[%d]): error %s\n", testNumber, myErrorName(errorCode));
        return;
    }

    ubidi_getVisualMap(pBiDi, visualMap1, &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_getVisualMap(tests[%d]): error %s\n", testNumber, myErrorName(errorCode));
        return;
    }

    /* invert them both */
    ubidi_invertMap(logicalMap1, visualMap2, length);
    ubidi_invertMap(visualMap1, logicalMap2, destLength);

    /* get them from the levels array, too */
    levels=ubidi_getLevels(pBiDi, &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_getLevels(tests[%d]): error %s\n", testNumber, myErrorName(errorCode));
        return;
    }

    ubidi_reorderLogical(levels, length, logicalMap3);
    ubidi_reorderVisual(levels, length, visualMap3);

    /* get the visual map from the runs, too */
    runCount=ubidi_countRuns(pBiDi, &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_countRuns(tests[%d]): error %s\n", testNumber, myErrorName(errorCode));
        return;
    }
    log_verbose("\n----%2d runs:", runCount);
    visualIndex=0;
    for(i=0; i<runCount; ++i) {
        odd=(UBool)ubidi_getVisualRun(pBiDi, i, &logicalStart, &runLength);
        log_verbose(" (%c @%d[%d])", odd ? 'R' : 'L', logicalStart, runLength);
        if(UBIDI_LTR==odd) {
            do { /* LTR */
                visualMap4[visualIndex++]=logicalStart++;
            } while(--runLength>0);
        } else {
            logicalStart+=runLength;   /* logicalLimit */
            do { /* RTL */
                visualMap4[visualIndex++]=--logicalStart;
            } while(--runLength>0);
        }
    }
    log_verbose("\n");

    /* print all the maps */
    log_verbose("logical maps:\n");
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", logicalMap1[i]);
    }
    log_verbose("\n");
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", logicalMap2[i]);
    }
    log_verbose("\n");
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", logicalMap3[i]);
    }

    log_verbose("\nvisual maps:\n");
    for(i=0; i<destLength; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", visualMap1[i]);
    }
    log_verbose("\n");
    for(i=0; i<destLength; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", visualMap2[i]);
    }
    log_verbose("\n");
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", visualMap3[i]);
    }
    log_verbose("\n");
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        log_verbose("%4d", visualMap4[i]);
    }
    log_verbose("\n");

    /* check that the indexes are the same between these and ubidi_getLogical/VisualIndex() */
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        if(logicalMap1[i]!=logicalMap2[i]) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: logicalMap1[i]!=logicalMap2[i] at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }
        if(logicalMap1[i]!=logicalMap3[i]) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: logicalMap1[i]!=logicalMap3[i] at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }

        if(visualMap1[i]!=visualMap2[i]) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: visualMap1[i]!=visualMap2[i] at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }
        if(visualMap1[i]!=visualMap3[i]) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: visualMap1[i]!=visualMap3[i] at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }
        if(visualMap1[i]!=visualMap4[i]) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: visualMap1[i]!=visualMap4[i] at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }

        if(logicalMap1[i]!=ubidi_getVisualIndex(pBiDi, i, &errorCode)) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: logicalMap1[i]!=ubidi_getVisualIndex(i) at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }
        if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
            log_err("ubidi_getVisualIndex(tests[%d], %d): error %s\n", testNumber, i, myErrorName(errorCode));
            break;
        }
        if(visualMap1[i]!=ubidi_getLogicalIndex(pBiDi, i, &errorCode)) {
            log_err("bidi reordering error in tests[%d]: visualMap1[i]!=ubidi_getLogicalIndex(i) at i=%d\n", testNumber, i);
            break;
        }
        if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
            log_err("ubidi_getLogicalIndex(tests[%d], %d): error %s\n", testNumber, i, myErrorName(errorCode));
            break;
        }
    }
}

#define RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE(x) UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_BEGIN { \
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {      \
        log_err("\nbad errorCode %d at %s\n", errorCode, (x));  \
        return;     \
    }               \
} UPRV_BLOCK_MACRO_END

#define STRING_TEST_CASE(s) { (s), UPRV_LENGTHOF(s) }

static void testGetBaseDirection(void) {
    UBiDiDirection dir;
    int i;

/* Test Data */
    static const UChar
/*Mixed Start with L*/
    stringMixedEnglishFirst[]={ 0x61, 0x627, 0x32, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x34, 0 },
/*Mixed Start with AL*/
    stringMixedArabicFirst[]={ 0x661, 0x627, 0x662, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x664, 0 },
/*Mixed Start with R*/
    stringMixedHebrewFirst[]={ 0x05EA, 0x627, 0x662, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x664, 0 },
/*All AL (Arabic. Persian)*/
    stringPersian[]={0x0698, 0x067E, 0x0686, 0x06AF, 0},
/*All R (Hebrew etc.)*/
    stringHebrew[]={0x0590, 0x05D5, 0x05EA, 0x05F1, 0},
/*All L (English)*/
    stringEnglish[]={0x71, 0x61, 0x66, 0},
/*Mixed Start with weak AL an then L*/
    stringStartWeakAL[]={ 0x0663, 0x71, 0x61, 0x66, 0},
/*Mixed Start with weak L and then AL*/
    stringStartWeakL[]={0x31, 0x0698, 0x067E, 0x0686, 0x06AF, 0},
/*Empty*/
    stringEmpty[]={0},
/*Surrogate Char.*/
    stringSurrogateChar[]={0xD800, 0xDC00, 0},
/*Invalid UChar*/
    stringInvalidUchar[]={-1},
/*All weak L (English Digits)*/
    stringAllEnglishDigits[]={0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0},
/*All weak AL (Arabic Digits)*/
    stringAllArabicDigits[]={0x0663, 0x0664, 0x0665, 0},
/*First L (English) others are R (Hebrew etc.) */
    stringFirstL[] = {0x71, 0x0590, 0x05D5, 0x05EA, 0x05F1, 0},
/*Last R (Hebrew etc.) others are weak L (English Digits)*/
    stringLastR[] = {0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x05F1, 0};

    static const struct {
        const UChar *s;
        int32_t length;
    } testCases[]={
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringMixedEnglishFirst),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringMixedArabicFirst),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringMixedHebrewFirst),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringPersian),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringHebrew),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringEnglish),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringStartWeakAL),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringStartWeakL),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringEmpty),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringSurrogateChar),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringInvalidUchar),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringAllEnglishDigits),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringAllArabicDigits),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringFirstL),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(stringLastR),
    };

/* Expected results */
    static const UBiDiDirection expectedDir[] ={
        UBIDI_LTR, UBIDI_RTL, UBIDI_RTL,
        UBIDI_RTL, UBIDI_RTL, UBIDI_LTR,
        UBIDI_LTR, UBIDI_RTL, UBIDI_NEUTRAL,
        UBIDI_LTR, UBIDI_NEUTRAL, UBIDI_NEUTRAL,
        UBIDI_NEUTRAL, UBIDI_LTR, UBIDI_RTL
    };

    log_verbose("testGetBaseDirection() with %u test cases ---\n",
    UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases));
/* Run Tests */
     for(i=0; i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases); ++i) {
        dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection(testCases[i].s, testCases[i].length );
        log_verbose("Testing case %d\tReceived dir %d\n", i, dir);
        if (dir != expectedDir[i])
            log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection case %d Expected  %d \tReceived %d\n",
            i, expectedDir[i], dir);
    }

/* Misc. tests */
/* NULL string */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection(NULL, 3);
    if (dir != UBIDI_NEUTRAL )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for NULL string " ,
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_NEUTRAL, dir);
/*All L- English string and length=-3 */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection( stringEnglish, -3);
    if (dir != UBIDI_NEUTRAL )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for string w length= -3 ",
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_NEUTRAL, dir);
/*All L- English string and length=-1 */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection( stringEnglish, -1);
    if (dir != UBIDI_LTR )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for English string w length= -1 ",
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_LTR, dir);
/*All AL- Persian string and length=-1 */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection( stringPersian, -1);
    if (dir != UBIDI_RTL )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for Persian string w length= -1 ",
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_RTL, dir);
/*All R- Hebrew string and length=-1 */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection( stringHebrew, -1);
    if (dir != UBIDI_RTL )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for Hebrew string w length= -1 ",
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_RTL, dir);
/*All weak L- English digits string and length=-1 */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection(stringAllEnglishDigits, -1);
    if (dir != UBIDI_NEUTRAL )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for English digits string w length= -1 ",
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_NEUTRAL, dir);
/*All weak AL- Arabic digits string and length=-1 */
    dir = ubidi_getBaseDirection(stringAllArabicDigits, -1);
    if (dir != UBIDI_NEUTRAL )
        log_err("\nFailed getBaseDirection for Arabic string w length= -1 ",
        "\nExpected  %d \nReceived %d", UBIDI_NEUTRAL, dir);

}


static void doMisc(void) {
/* Miscellaneous tests to exercize less popular code paths */
    UBiDi *bidi, *bidiLine;
    UChar src[MAXLEN], dest[MAXLEN];
    int32_t srcLen, destLen, runCount, i;
    UBiDiLevel level;
    UBiDiDirection dir;
    int32_t map[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    static const int32_t srcMap[6] = {0,1,-1,5,4};
    static const int32_t dstMap[6] = {0,1,-1,-1,4,3};

    bidi = ubidi_openSized(120, 66, &errorCode);
    if (bidi == NULL) {
        log_err("Error with openSized(120, 66)\n");
        return;
    }
    bidiLine = ubidi_open();
    if (bidi == NULL) {
        log_err("Error with open()\n");
        return;
    }

    destLen = ubidi_writeReverse(src, 0, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    if (destLen != 0) {
        log_err("\nwriteReverse should return zero length, ",
                "returned %d instead\n", destLen);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#1#");

    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, 0, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    if (destLen != 0) {
        log_err("\nwriteReordered should return zero length, ",
                "returned %d instead\n", destLen);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#2#");

    srcLen = u_unescape("abc       ", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    for (i = 3; i < 6; i++) {
        level = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidiLine, i);
        if (level != UBIDI_RTL) {
            log_err("\nTrailing space at index %d should get paragraph level"
                    "%d, got %d instead\n", i, UBIDI_RTL, level);
        }
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#3#");

    srcLen = u_unescape("abc       def", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    for (i = 3; i < 6; i++) {
        level = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidiLine, i);
        if (level != UBIDI_RTL) {
            log_err("\nTrailing space at index %d should get paragraph level"
                    "%d, got %d instead\n", i, UBIDI_RTL, level);
        }
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#4#");

    srcLen = u_unescape("abcdefghi    ", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    for (i = 3; i < 6; i++) {
        level = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidiLine, i);
        if (level != 2) {
            log_err("\nTrailing char at index %d should get level 2, "
                    "got %d instead\n", i, level);
        }
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#5#");

    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(bidi, UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u200eabc       def", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_getResultLength(bidiLine);
    if (destLen != 5) {
        log_err("\nWrong result length, should be 5, got %d\n", destLen);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#6#");

    srcLen = u_unescape("abcdefghi", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    dir = ubidi_getDirection(bidiLine);
    if (dir != UBIDI_LTR) {
        log_err("\nWrong direction #1, should be %d, got %d\n",
                UBIDI_LTR, dir);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#7#");

    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, 0, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    runCount = ubidi_countRuns(bidi, &errorCode);
    if (runCount != 0) {
        log_err("\nWrong number of runs #1, should be 0, got %d\n", runCount);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#8#");

    srcLen = u_unescape("          ", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    runCount = ubidi_countRuns(bidiLine, &errorCode);
    if (runCount != 1) {
        log_err("\nWrong number of runs #2, should be 1, got %d\n", runCount);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#9#");

    srcLen = u_unescape("a\\u05d0        bc", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    dir = ubidi_getDirection(bidi);
    if (dir != UBIDI_MIXED) {
        log_err("\nWrong direction #2, should be %d, got %d\n",
                UBIDI_MIXED, dir);
    }
    dir = ubidi_getDirection(bidiLine);
    if (dir != UBIDI_MIXED) {
        log_err("\nWrong direction #3, should be %d, got %d\n",
                UBIDI_MIXED, dir);
    }
    runCount = ubidi_countRuns(bidiLine, &errorCode);
    if (runCount != 2) {
        log_err("\nWrong number of runs #3, should be 2, got %d\n", runCount);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#10#");

    ubidi_invertMap(srcMap, map, 5);
    if (memcmp(dstMap, map, sizeof(dstMap))) {
        log_err("\nUnexpected inverted Map, got ");
        for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            log_err("%d ", map[i]);
        }
        log_err("\n");
    }

    /* test REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS together with DO_MIRRORING */
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc\\u200e", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN,
              UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS | UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &errorCode);
    if (destLen != 3 || memcmp(dest, src, 3 * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #1, should be 'abc', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#11#");

    /* test inverse Bidi with marks and contextual orientation */
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(bidi, UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT);
    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(bidi, UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, 0, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    if (destLen != 0) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #2, length should be 0, got %d\n", destLen);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#12#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("   ", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    if (destLen != 3 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #3, should be '   ', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#13#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    if (destLen != 3 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #4, should be 'abc', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#14#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0\\u05d1", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d1\\u05d0", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 2 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #5, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#15#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc \\u05d0\\u05d1", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d1\\u05d0 abc", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 6 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #6, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#16#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0\\u05d1 abc", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u200fabc \\u05d1\\u05d0", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 7 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #7, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#17#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0\\u05d1 abc .-=", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u200f=-. abc \\u05d1\\u05d0", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 11 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #8, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#18#");
    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(bidi, true);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\n\r   \n\rabc\n\\u05d0\\u05d1\rabc \\u05d2\\u05d3\n\r"
                        "\\u05d4\\u05d5 abc\n\\u05d6\\u05d7 abc .-=\r\n"
                        "-* \\u05d8\\u05d9 abc .-=", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\n\r   \n\rabc\n\\u05d1\\u05d0\r\\u05d3\\u05d2 abc\n\r"
                        "\\u200fabc \\u05d5\\u05d4\n\\u200f=-. abc \\u05d7\\u05d6\r\n"
                        "\\u200f=-. abc \\u05d9\\u05d8 *-", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 57 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #9, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#19#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0 \t", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05D0\\u200e \t", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 4 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #10, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#20#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0 123 \t\\u05d1 123 \\u05d2", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0 \\u200e123\\u200e \t\\u05d2 123 \\u05d1", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 16 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #11, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#21#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0 123 \\u0660\\u0661 ab", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d0 \\u200e123 \\u200e\\u0660\\u0661 ab", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 13 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #12, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#22#");
    srcLen = u_unescape("ab \t", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u200f\t ab", src, MAXLEN);
    if (destLen != 5 || memcmp(dest, src, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nWrong result #13, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#23#");

    /* check exceeding para level */
    ubidi_close(bidi);
    bidi = ubidi_open();
    srcLen = u_unescape("A\\u202a\\u05d0\\u202aC\\u202c\\u05d1\\u202cE", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL - 1, NULL, &errorCode);
    level = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidi, 2);
    if (level != UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL) {
        log_err("\nWrong level at index 2\n, should be %d, got %d\n", UBIDI_MAX_EXPLICIT_LEVEL, level);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#24#");

    /* check 1-char runs with RUNS_ONLY */
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(bidi, UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY);
    srcLen = u_unescape("a \\u05d0 b \\u05d1 c \\u05d2 d ", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    runCount = ubidi_countRuns(bidi, &errorCode);
    if (runCount != 14) {
        log_err("\nWrong number of runs #3, should be 14, got %d\n", runCount);
    }
    RETURN_IF_BAD_ERRCODE("#25#");

    ubidi_close(bidi);
    ubidi_close(bidiLine);
}

static void
testFailureRecovery(void) {
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    UBiDi *bidi, *bidiLine;
    UChar src[MAXLEN];
    int32_t srcLen;
    UBiDiLevel level;
    UBiDiReorderingMode rm;
    static UBiDiLevel myLevels[3] = {6,5,4};

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestFailureRecovery\n\n");
    errorCode = U_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR;
    if (ubidi_writeReordered(NULL, NULL, 0, 0, &errorCode) != 0) {
        log_err("ubidi_writeReordered did not return 0 when passed a failing UErrorCode\n");
    }
    if (ubidi_writeReverse(NULL, 0, NULL, 0, 0, &errorCode) != 0) {
        log_err("ubidi_writeReverse did not return 0 when passed a failing UErrorCode\n");
    }
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    if (ubidi_writeReordered(NULL, NULL, 0, 0, &errorCode) != 0 || errorCode != U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("ubidi_writeReordered did not fail as expected\n");
    }

    bidi = ubidi_open();
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc", src, MAXLEN);
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR - 1, NULL, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("\nubidi_setPara did not fail when passed too big para level\n");
    }
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    if (ubidi_writeReverse(NULL, 0, NULL, 0, 0, &errorCode) != 0 || errorCode != U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("ubidi_writeReverse did not fail as expected\n");
    }
    bidiLine = ubidi_open();
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setLine(bidi, 0, 6, bidiLine, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("\nubidi_setLine did not fail when called before valid setPara()\n");
    }
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR + 4, NULL, &errorCode);
    level = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidi, 3);
    if (level != 0) {
        log_err("\nubidi_getLevelAt did not fail when called with bad argument\n");
    }
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_close(bidi);
    bidi = ubidi_openSized(-1, 0, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("\nubidi_openSized did not fail when called with bad argument\n");
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);
    bidi = ubidi_openSized(2, 1, &errorCode);
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("\nsetPara did not fail when called with text too long\n");
    }
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    srcLen = u_unescape("=2", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    ubidi_countRuns(bidi, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("\nsetPara did not fail when called for too many runs\n");
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);
    bidi = ubidi_open();
    rm = ubidi_getReorderingMode(bidi);
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(bidi, UBIDI_REORDER_DEFAULT - 1);
    if (rm != ubidi_getReorderingMode(bidi)) {
        log_err("\nsetReorderingMode with bad argument #1 should have no effect\n");
    }
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(bidi, 9999);
    if (rm != ubidi_getReorderingMode(bidi)) {
        log_err("\nsetReorderingMode with bad argument #2 should have no effect\n");
    }

    /* Try a surrogate char */
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\uD800\\uDC00", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    if (ubidi_getDirection(bidi) != UBIDI_MIXED) {
        log_err("\ngetDirection for 1st surrogate char should be MIXED\n");
    }
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, srcLen, 5, myLevels, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("\nsetPara did not fail when called with bad levels\n");
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);
    ubidi_close(bidiLine);

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestFailureRecovery\n\n");
}

static void
testMultipleParagraphs(void) {
    static const char* const text = "__ABC\\u001c"          /* Para #0 offset 0 */
                                    "__\\u05d0DE\\u001c"    /*       1        6 */
                                    "__123\\u001c"          /*       2       12 */
                                    "\\u000d\\u000a"        /*       3       18 */
                                    "FG\\u000d"             /*       4       20 */
                                    "\\u000d"               /*       5       23 */
                                    "HI\\u000d\\u000a"      /*       6       24 */
                                    "\\u000d\\u000a"        /*       7       28 */
                                    "\\u000a"               /*       8       30 */
                                    "\\u000a"               /*       9       31 */
                                    "JK\\u001c";            /*      10       32 */
    static const int32_t paraCount=11;
    static const int32_t paraBounds[]={0, 6, 12, 18, 20, 23, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35};
    static const UBiDiLevel paraLevels[]={UBIDI_LTR, UBIDI_RTL, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, 22, 23};
    static const UBiDiLevel multiLevels[6][11] = {{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                                  {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1},
                                                  {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
                                                  {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
                                                  {22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22},
                                                  {23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23}};
    static const char* const text2 = "\\u05d0 1-2\\u001c\\u0630 1-2\\u001c1-2";
    static const UBiDiLevel levels2[] = {1,1,2,2,2,0, 1,1,2,1,2,0, 2,2,2};
    static UBiDiLevel myLevels[10] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
    static const UChar multiparaTestString[] = {
        0x5de, 0x5e0, 0x5e1, 0x5d4, 0x20,  0x5e1, 0x5e4, 0x5da,
        0x20,  0xa,   0xa,   0x41,  0x72,  0x74,  0x69,  0x73,
        0x74,  0x3a,  0x20,  0x5de, 0x5e0, 0x5e1, 0x5d4, 0x20,
        0x5e1, 0x5e4, 0x5da, 0x20,  0xa,   0xa,   0x41,  0x6c,
        0x62,  0x75,  0x6d,  0x3a,  0x20,  0x5de, 0x5e0, 0x5e1,
        0x5d4, 0x20,  0x5e1, 0x5e4, 0x5da, 0x20,  0xa,   0xa,
        0x54,  0x69,  0x6d,  0x65,  0x3a,  0x20,  0x32,  0x3a,
        0x32,  0x37,  0xa,  0xa
    };
    static const UBiDiLevel multiparaTestLevels[] = {
        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
        1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
        1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,
        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0
    };
    UBiDiLevel gotLevel;
    const UBiDiLevel* gotLevels;
    UBool orderParagraphsLTR;
    UChar src[MAXLEN], dest[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi* pBidi=ubidi_open();
    UBiDi* pLine;
    int32_t srcSize, count, paraStart, paraLimit, paraIndex, length;
    int32_t srcLen, destLen;
    int i, j, k;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestMultipleParagraphs\n\n");
    u_unescape(text, src, MAXLEN);
    srcSize=u_strlen(src);
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)){
        log_err("ubidi_setPara failed, paraLevel=%d, errorCode %s\n",
                UBIDI_LTR, u_errorName(errorCode));
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    /* check paragraph count and boundaries */
    if (paraCount!=(count=ubidi_countParagraphs(pBidi))) {
        log_err("ubidi_countParagraphs returned %d, should be %d\n",
                count, paraCount);
    }
    for (i=0; i<paraCount; i++) {
        ubidi_getParagraphByIndex(pBidi, i, &paraStart, &paraLimit, NULL, &errorCode);
        if ((paraStart!=paraBounds[i]) || (paraLimit!=paraBounds[i+1])) {
            log_err("Found boundaries of paragraph %d: %d-%d; expected: %d-%d\n",
                    i, paraStart, paraLimit, paraBounds[i], paraBounds[i+1]);
        }
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* check with last paragraph not terminated by B */
    src[srcSize-1]='L';
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)){
        log_err("2nd ubidi_setPara failed, paraLevel=%d, errorCode %s\n",
                UBIDI_LTR, u_errorName(errorCode));
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    if (paraCount!=(count=ubidi_countParagraphs(pBidi))) {
        log_err("2nd ubidi_countParagraphs returned %d, should be %d\n",
                count, paraCount);
    }
    i=paraCount-1;
    ubidi_getParagraphByIndex(pBidi, i, &paraStart, &paraLimit, NULL, &errorCode);
    if ((paraStart!=paraBounds[i]) || (paraLimit!=paraBounds[i+1])) {
        log_err("2nd Found boundaries of paragraph %d: %d-%d; expected: %d-%d\n",
                i, paraStart, paraLimit, paraBounds[i], paraBounds[i+1]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* check paraLevel for all paragraphs under various paraLevel specs */
    for (k=0; k<6; k++) {
        ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, paraLevels[k], NULL, &errorCode);
        for (i=0; i<paraCount; i++) {
            paraIndex=ubidi_getParagraph(pBidi, paraBounds[i], NULL, NULL, &gotLevel, &errorCode);
            if (paraIndex!=i) {
                log_err("For paraLevel=%d paragraph=%d, found paragraph index=%d expected=%d\n",
                        paraLevels[k], i, paraIndex, i);
            }
            if (gotLevel!=multiLevels[k][i]) {
                log_err("For paraLevel=%d paragraph=%d, found level=%d expected %d\n",
                        paraLevels[k], i, gotLevel, multiLevels[k][i]);
            }
        }
        gotLevel=ubidi_getParaLevel(pBidi);
        if (gotLevel!=multiLevels[k][0]) {
            log_err("For paraLevel=%d getParaLevel=%d, expected %d\n",
                    paraLevels[k], gotLevel, multiLevels[k][0]);
        }
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* check that the result of ubidi_getParaLevel changes if the first
     * paragraph has a different level
     */
    src[0]=0x05d2;                      /* Hebrew letter Gimel */
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    gotLevel=ubidi_getParaLevel(pBidi);
    if (gotLevel!=UBIDI_RTL) {
        log_err("For paraLevel=UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR getParaLevel=%d, expected=%d\n",
                        gotLevel, UBIDI_RTL);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* check that line cannot overlap paragraph boundaries */
    pLine=ubidi_open();
    i=paraBounds[1];
    k=paraBounds[2]+1;
    ubidi_setLine(pBidi, i, k, pLine, &errorCode);
    if (U_SUCCESS(errorCode)) {
        log_err("For line limits %d-%d got success %s\n",
                i, k, u_errorName(errorCode));
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    i=paraBounds[1];
    k=paraBounds[2];
    ubidi_setLine(pBidi, i, k, pLine, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("For line limits %d-%d got error %s\n",
                i, k, u_errorName(errorCode));
        errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    }
    /* check level of block separator at end of paragraph when orderParagraphsLTR==false */
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    /* get levels through para Bidi block */
    gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pBidi, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("Error on Para getLevels %s\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
        ubidi_close(pLine);
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    for (i=26; i<32; i++) {
        if (gotLevels[i]!=UBIDI_RTL) {
            log_err("For char %d(%04x), level=%d, expected=%d\n",
                    i, src[i], gotLevels[i], UBIDI_RTL);
        }
    }
    /* get levels through para Line block */
    i=paraBounds[1];
    k=paraBounds[2];
    ubidi_setLine(pBidi, i, k, pLine, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("For line limits %d-%d got error %s\n",
                i, k, u_errorName(errorCode));
        ubidi_close(pLine);
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    paraIndex=ubidi_getParagraph(pLine, i, &paraStart, &paraLimit, &gotLevel, &errorCode);
    gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pLine, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("Error on Line getLevels %s\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
        ubidi_close(pLine);
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    length=ubidi_getLength(pLine);
    if ((gotLevel!=UBIDI_RTL) || (gotLevels[length-1]!=UBIDI_RTL)) {
        log_err("For paragraph %d with limits %d-%d, paraLevel=%d expected=%d, "
                "level of separator=%d expected=%d\n",
                paraIndex, paraStart, paraLimit, gotLevel, UBIDI_RTL, gotLevels[length-1], UBIDI_RTL);
    }
    orderParagraphsLTR=ubidi_isOrderParagraphsLTR(pBidi);
    if (orderParagraphsLTR) {
        log_err("Found orderParagraphsLTR=%d expected=%d\n", orderParagraphsLTR, false);
    }
    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(pBidi, true);
    orderParagraphsLTR=ubidi_isOrderParagraphsLTR(pBidi);
    if (!orderParagraphsLTR) {
        log_err("Found orderParagraphsLTR=%d expected=%d\n", orderParagraphsLTR, true);
    }
    /* check level of block separator at end of paragraph when orderParagraphsLTR==true */
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    /* get levels through para Bidi block */
    gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pBidi, &errorCode);
    for (i=26; i<32; i++) {
        if (gotLevels[i]!=0) {
            log_err("For char %d(%04x), level=%d, expected=%d\n",
                    i, src[i], gotLevels[i], 0);
        }
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    /* get levels through para Line block */
    i=paraBounds[1];
    k=paraBounds[2];
    ubidi_setLine(pBidi, paraStart, paraLimit, pLine, &errorCode);
    paraIndex=ubidi_getParagraph(pLine, i, &paraStart, &paraLimit, &gotLevel, &errorCode);
    gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pLine, &errorCode);
    length=ubidi_getLength(pLine);
    if ((gotLevel!=UBIDI_RTL) || (gotLevels[length-1]!=0)) {
        log_err("For paragraph %d with limits %d-%d, paraLevel=%d expected=%d, "
                "level of separator=%d expected=%d\n",
                paraIndex, paraStart, paraLimit, gotLevel, UBIDI_RTL, gotLevels[length-1], 0);
        log_verbose("levels=");
        for (count=0; count<length; count++) {
            log_verbose(" %d", gotLevels[count]);
        }
        log_verbose("\n");
    }

    /* test that the concatenation of separate invocations of the bidi code
     * on each individual paragraph in order matches the levels array that
     * results from invoking bidi once over the entire multiparagraph tests
     * (with orderParagraphsLTR false, of course)
     */
    u_unescape(text, src, MAXLEN);      /* restore original content */
    srcSize=u_strlen(src);
    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(pBidi, false);
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pBidi, &errorCode);
    for (i=0; i<paraCount; i++) {
        /* use pLine for individual paragraphs */
        paraStart = paraBounds[i];
        length = paraBounds[i+1] - paraStart;
        ubidi_setPara(pLine, src+paraStart, length, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
        for (j=0; j<length; j++) {
            if ((k=ubidi_getLevelAt(pLine, j)) != (gotLevel=gotLevels[paraStart+j])) {
                log_err("Checking paragraph concatenation: for paragraph=%d, "
                        "char=%d(%04x), level=%d, expected=%d\n",
                        i, j, src[paraStart+j], k, gotLevel);
            }
        }
    }

    /* ensure that leading numerics in a paragraph are not treated as arabic
       numerals because of arabic text in a preceding paragraph
     */
    u_unescape(text2, src, MAXLEN);
    srcSize=u_strlen(src);
    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(pBidi, true);
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pBidi, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("Can't get levels. %s\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
        return;
    }
    for (i=0; i<srcSize; i++) {
        if (gotLevels[i]!=levels2[i]) {
            log_err("Checking leading numerics: for char %d(%04x), level=%d, expected=%d\n",
                    i, src[i], gotLevels[i], levels2[i]);
        }
    }

    /* check handling of whitespace before end of paragraph separator when
     * orderParagraphsLTR==true, when last paragraph has, and lacks, a terminating B
     */
    u_memset(src, 0x0020, MAXLEN);
    srcSize = 5;
    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(pBidi, true);
    for (i=0x001c; i<=0x0020; i+=(0x0020-0x001c)) {
        src[4]=(UChar)i;                /* with and without terminating B */
        for (j=0x0041; j<=0x05d0; j+=(0x05d0-0x0041)) {
            src[0]=(UChar)j;            /* leading 'A' or Alef */
            for (gotLevel=4; gotLevel<=5; gotLevel++) {
                /* test even and odd paraLevel */
                ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcSize, gotLevel, NULL, &errorCode);
                gotLevels=ubidi_getLevels(pBidi, &errorCode);
                for (k=1; k<=3; k++) {
                    if (gotLevels[k]!=gotLevel) {
                        log_err("Checking trailing spaces: for leading_char=%04x, "
                                "last_char=%04x, index=%d, level=%d, expected=%d\n",
                                src[0], src[4], k, gotLevels[k], gotLevel);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* check default orientation when inverse bidi and paragraph starts
     * with LTR strong char and ends with RTL strong char, with and without
     * a terminating B
     */
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(pBidi, UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT);
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc \\u05d2\\u05d1\n", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d1\\u05d2 abc\n", src, MAXLEN);
    if (memcmp(src, dest, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nInvalid output #0, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    srcLen = u_unescape("abc \\u05d2\\u05d1", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("\\u05d1\\u05d2 abc", src, MAXLEN);
    if (memcmp(src, dest, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nInvalid output #1, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }

    /* check multiple paragraphs together with explicit levels
     */
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(pBidi, UBIDI_REORDER_DEFAULT);
    srcLen = u_unescape("ab\\u05d1\\u05d2\n\\u05d3\\u05d4123", src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, myLevels, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    srcLen = u_unescape("ab\\u05d2\\u05d1\\n123\\u05d4\\u05d3", src, MAXLEN);
    if (memcmp(src, dest, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nInvalid output #2, should be '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(src, srcLen), aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    count = ubidi_countParagraphs(pBidi);
    if (count != 2) {
        log_err("\nInvalid number of paras, should be 2, got %d\n", count);
    }

    ubidi_close(pLine);
    ubidi_close(pBidi);
    log_verbose("\nExiting TestMultipleParagraphs\n\n");

    /* check levels in multiple paragraphs with default para level
     */
    pBidi = ubidi_open();
    errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setPara(pBidi, multiparaTestString, UPRV_LENGTHOF(multiparaTestString),
                  UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_setPara failed for multiparaTestString\n");
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    gotLevels = ubidi_getLevels(pBidi, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_getLevels failed for multiparaTestString\n");
        ubidi_close(pBidi);
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < UPRV_LENGTHOF(multiparaTestString); i++) {
        if (gotLevels[i] != multiparaTestLevels[i]) {
            log_err("Error on level for multiparaTestString at index %d, "
                    "expected=%d, actual=%d\n",
                    i, multiparaTestLevels[i], gotLevels[i]);
        }
    }
    ubidi_close(pBidi);

}


/* inverse BiDi ------------------------------------------------------------- */

static int countRoundtrips=0, countNonRoundtrips=0;

#define STRING_TEST_CASE(s) { (s), UPRV_LENGTHOF(s) }

static void
testInverse(void) {
    static const UChar
        string0[]={ 0x6c, 0x61, 0x28, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x20, 0x5d0, 0x5d1, 0x29, 0x5d2, 0x5d3 },
        string1[]={ 0x6c, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20, 0x5d0, 0x5d1, 0x5d2, 0x20, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33 },
        string2[]={ 0x6c, 0x61, 0x74, 0x20, 0x5d0, 0x28, 0x5d1, 0x5d2, 0x20, 0x31, 0x29, 0x32, 0x33 },
        string3[]={ 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x20, 0x5d0, 0x5d1, 0x5d2, 0x20, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36 },
        string4[]={ 0x61, 0x62, 0x20, 0x61, 0x62, 0x20, 0x661, 0x662 };

    static const struct {
        const UChar *s;
        int32_t length;
    } testCases[]={
        STRING_TEST_CASE(string0),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(string1),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(string2),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(string3),
        STRING_TEST_CASE(string4)
    };

    UBiDi *pBiDi;
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int i;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestInverse\n\n");
    pBiDi=ubidi_open();
    if(pBiDi==NULL) {
        log_err("unable to open a UBiDi object (out of memory)\n");
        return;
    }

    log_verbose("inverse Bidi: testInverse(L) with %u test cases ---\n", UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases));
     for(i=0; i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases); ++i) {
        log_verbose("Testing case %d\n", i);
        errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
        _testInverseBidi(pBiDi, testCases[i].s, testCases[i].length, 0, &errorCode);
    }

    log_verbose("inverse Bidi: testInverse(R) with %u test cases ---\n", UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases));
    for(i=0; i<UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases); ++i) {
        log_verbose("Testing case %d\n", i);
        errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
        _testInverseBidi(pBiDi, testCases[i].s, testCases[i].length, 1, &errorCode);
    }

    _testManyInverseBidi(pBiDi, 0);
    _testManyInverseBidi(pBiDi, 1);

    ubidi_close(pBiDi);

    log_verbose("inverse Bidi: roundtrips: %5u\nnon-roundtrips: %5u\n", countRoundtrips, countNonRoundtrips);

    _testWriteReverse();

    _testManyAddedPoints();

    _testMisc();

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestInverse\n\n");
}

#define COUNT_REPEAT_SEGMENTS 6

static const UChar repeatSegments[COUNT_REPEAT_SEGMENTS][2]={
    { 0x61, 0x62 },     /* L */
    { 0x5d0, 0x5d1 },   /* R */
    { 0x627, 0x628 },   /* AL */
    { 0x31, 0x32 },     /* EN */
    { 0x661, 0x662 },   /* AN */
    { 0x20, 0x20 }      /* WS (N) */
};

static void
_testManyInverseBidi(UBiDi *pBiDi, UBiDiLevel direction) {
    UChar text[8]={ 0, 0, 0x20, 0, 0, 0x20, 0, 0 };
    int i, j, k;
    UErrorCode errorCode;

    log_verbose("inverse Bidi: testManyInverseBidi(%c) - test permutations of text snippets ---\n",
                 direction==0 ? 'L' : 'R');
    for(i=0; i<COUNT_REPEAT_SEGMENTS; ++i) {
        text[0]=repeatSegments[i][0];
        text[1]=repeatSegments[i][1];
        for(j=0; j<COUNT_REPEAT_SEGMENTS; ++j) {
            text[3]=repeatSegments[j][0];
            text[4]=repeatSegments[j][1];
            for(k=0; k<COUNT_REPEAT_SEGMENTS; ++k) {
                text[6]=repeatSegments[k][0];
                text[7]=repeatSegments[k][1];

                errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
                log_verbose("inverse Bidi: testManyInverseBidi()[%u %u %u]\n", i, j, k);
                _testInverseBidi(pBiDi, text, 8, direction, &errorCode);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void
_testInverseBidi(UBiDi *pBiDi, const UChar *src, int32_t srcLength,
                UBiDiLevel direction, UErrorCode *pErrorCode) {
    UChar visualLTR[MAXLEN], logicalDest[MAXLEN], visualDest[MAXLEN];
    int32_t ltrLength, logicalLength, visualLength;

    if(direction==0) {
        log_verbose("inverse Bidi: testInverse(L)\n");

        /* convert visual to logical */
        ubidi_setInverse(pBiDi, true);
        if (!ubidi_isInverse(pBiDi)) {
            log_err("Error while doing ubidi_setInverse(true)\n");
        }
        ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, srcLength, 0, NULL, pErrorCode);
        if (src != ubidi_getText(pBiDi)) {
            log_err("Wrong value returned by ubidi_getText\n");
        }
        logicalLength=ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, logicalDest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalDest),
                                           UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING|UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC, pErrorCode);
        log_verbose("  v ");
        printUnicode(src, srcLength, ubidi_getLevels(pBiDi, pErrorCode));
        log_verbose("\n");

        /* convert back to visual LTR */
        ubidi_setInverse(pBiDi, false);
        if (ubidi_isInverse(pBiDi)) {
            log_err("Error while doing ubidi_setInverse(false)\n");
        }
        ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, logicalDest, logicalLength, 0, NULL, pErrorCode);
        visualLength=ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, visualDest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(visualDest),
                                          UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING|UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS, pErrorCode);
    } else {
        log_verbose("inverse Bidi: testInverse(R)\n");

        /* reverse visual from RTL to LTR */
        ltrLength=ubidi_writeReverse(src, srcLength, visualLTR, UPRV_LENGTHOF(visualLTR), 0, pErrorCode);
        log_verbose("  vr");
        printUnicode(src, srcLength, NULL);
        log_verbose("\n");

        /* convert visual RTL to logical */
        ubidi_setInverse(pBiDi, true);
        ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, visualLTR, ltrLength, 0, NULL, pErrorCode);
        logicalLength=ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, logicalDest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(logicalDest),
                                           UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING|UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC, pErrorCode);
        log_verbose("  vl");
        printUnicode(visualLTR, ltrLength, ubidi_getLevels(pBiDi, pErrorCode));
        log_verbose("\n");

        /* convert back to visual RTL */
        ubidi_setInverse(pBiDi, false);
        ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, logicalDest, logicalLength, 0, NULL, pErrorCode);
        visualLength=ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, visualDest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(visualDest),
                                          UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING|UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS|UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE, pErrorCode);
    }
    log_verbose("  l ");
    printUnicode(logicalDest, logicalLength, ubidi_getLevels(pBiDi, pErrorCode));
    log_verbose("\n");
    log_verbose("  v ");
    printUnicode(visualDest, visualLength, NULL);
    log_verbose("\n");

    /* check and print results */
    if(U_FAILURE(*pErrorCode)) {
        log_err("inverse BiDi: *** error %s\n"
                "                 turn on verbose mode to see details\n", u_errorName(*pErrorCode));
    } else if(srcLength==visualLength && memcmp(src, visualDest, srcLength*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)==0) {
        ++countRoundtrips;
        log_verbose(" + roundtripped\n");
    } else {
        ++countNonRoundtrips;
        log_verbose(" * did not roundtrip\n");
        log_err("inverse BiDi: transformation visual->logical->visual did not roundtrip the text;\n"
                "                 turn on verbose mode to see details\n");
    }
}

static void
_testWriteReverse(void) {
    /* U+064e and U+0650 are combining marks (Mn) */
    static const UChar forward[]={
        0x200f, 0x627, 0x64e, 0x650, 0x20, 0x28, 0x31, 0x29
    }, reverseKeepCombining[]={
        0x29, 0x31, 0x28, 0x20, 0x627, 0x64e, 0x650, 0x200f
    }, reverseRemoveControlsKeepCombiningDoMirror[]={
        0x28, 0x31, 0x29, 0x20, 0x627, 0x64e, 0x650
    };
    UChar reverse[10];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    /* test ubidi_writeReverse() with "interesting" options */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=ubidi_writeReverse(forward, UPRV_LENGTHOF(forward),
                              reverse, UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverse),
                              UBIDI_KEEP_BASE_COMBINING,
                              &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverseKeepCombining) || memcmp(reverse, reverseKeepCombining, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in ubidi_writeReverse(UBIDI_KEEP_BASE_COMBINING): length=%d (should be %d), error code %s\n",
                length, UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverseKeepCombining), u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    memset(reverse, 0xa5, UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverse)*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR);
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=ubidi_writeReverse(forward, UPRV_LENGTHOF(forward),
                              reverse, UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverse),
                              UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS|UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING|UBIDI_KEEP_BASE_COMBINING,
                              &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverseRemoveControlsKeepCombiningDoMirror) || memcmp(reverse, reverseRemoveControlsKeepCombiningDoMirror, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in ubidi_writeReverse(UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS|UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING|UBIDI_KEEP_BASE_COMBINING):\n"
                "    length=%d (should be %d), error code %s\n",
                length, UPRV_LENGTHOF(reverseRemoveControlsKeepCombiningDoMirror), u_errorName(errorCode));
    }
}

static void _testManyAddedPoints(void) {
    UErrorCode errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi *bidi = ubidi_open();
    UChar text[90], dest[MAXLEN], expected[120];
    int destLen, i;
    for (i = 0; i < UPRV_LENGTHOF(text); i+=3) {
        text[i] = 0x0061; /* 'a' */
        text[i+1] = 0x05d0;
        text[i+2] = 0x0033; /* '3' */
    }
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(bidi, UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT);
    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(bidi, UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, text, UPRV_LENGTHOF(text), UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, 0, &errorCode);
    for (i = 0; i < UPRV_LENGTHOF(expected); i+=4) {
        expected[i] = 0x0061; /* 'a' */
        expected[i+1] = 0x05d0;
        expected[i+2] = 0x200e;
        expected[i+3] = 0x0033; /* '3' */
    }
    if (memcmp(dest, expected, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nInvalid output with many added points, "
                "expected '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(expected, UPRV_LENGTHOF(expected)),
                aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);
}

static void _testMisc(void) {
    UErrorCode errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi *bidi = ubidi_open();
    UChar src[3], dest[MAXLEN], expected[5];
    int destLen;
    ubidi_setInverse(bidi, true);
    src[0] = src[1] = src[2] = 0x0020;
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, UPRV_LENGTHOF(src), UBIDI_RTL, NULL, &errorCode);
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN,
              UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE | UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC,
              &errorCode);
    u_unescape("\\u200f   \\u200f", expected, 5);
    if (memcmp(dest, expected, destLen * sizeof(UChar))) {
        log_err("\nInvalid output with RLM at both sides, "
                "expected '%s', got '%s'\n",
                aescstrdup(expected, UPRV_LENGTHOF(expected)),
                aescstrdup(dest, destLen));
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);
}

/* arabic shaping ----------------------------------------------------------- */

static void
doArabicShapingTest(void) {
    static const UChar
    source[]={
        0x31,   /* en:1 */
        0x627,  /* arabic:alef */
        0x32,   /* en:2 */
        0x6f3,  /* an:3 */
        0x61,   /* latin:a */
        0x34,   /* en:4 */
        0
    }, en2an[]={
        0x661, 0x627, 0x662, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x664, 0
    }, an2en[]={
        0x31, 0x627, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, 0x34, 0
    }, logical_alen2an_init_lr[]={
        0x31, 0x627, 0x662, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x34, 0
    }, logical_alen2an_init_al[]={
        0x6f1, 0x627, 0x6f2, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x34, 0
    }, reverse_alen2an_init_lr[]={
        0x661, 0x627, 0x32, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x34, 0
    }, reverse_alen2an_init_al[]={
        0x6f1, 0x627, 0x32, 0x6f3, 0x61, 0x6f4, 0
    }, lamalef[]={
        0xfefb, 0
    };
    UChar dest[8];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    /* test number shaping */

    /* european->arabic */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source) || memcmp(dest, en2an, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(en2an)\n");
    }

    /* arabic->european */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, -1,
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_AN2EN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN_EXTENDED,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=u_strlen(source) || memcmp(dest, an2en, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(an2en)\n");
    }

    /* european->arabic with context, logical order, initial state not AL */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_ALEN2AN_INIT_LR|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source) || memcmp(dest, logical_alen2an_init_lr, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(logical_alen2an_init_lr)\n");
    }

    /* european->arabic with context, logical order, initial state AL */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_ALEN2AN_INIT_AL|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN_EXTENDED,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source) || memcmp(dest, logical_alen2an_init_al, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(logical_alen2an_init_al)\n");
    }

    /* european->arabic with context, reverse order, initial state not AL */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_ALEN2AN_INIT_LR|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN|U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source) || memcmp(dest, reverse_alen2an_init_lr, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(reverse_alen2an_init_lr)\n");
    }

    /* european->arabic with context, reverse order, initial state AL */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_ALEN2AN_INIT_AL|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN_EXTENDED|U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source) || memcmp(dest, reverse_alen2an_init_al, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(reverse_alen2an_init_al)\n");
    }

    /* test noop */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         0,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source) || memcmp(dest, source, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(noop)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, 0,
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(en2an, sourceLength=0), returned %d/%s\n", u_errorName(errorCode), UPRV_LENGTHOF(source));
    }

    /* preflight digit shaping */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         NULL, 0,
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(source)) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(en2an preflighting), returned %d/%s instead of %d/U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR\n",
                length, u_errorName(errorCode), UPRV_LENGTHOF(source));
    }

    /* test illegal arguments */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(NULL, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(source=NULL), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, -2,
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(sourceLength=-2), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         NULL, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(dest=NULL), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, -1,
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(destSize=-1), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_RESERVED|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(U_SHAPE_DIGITS_RESERVED), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_RESERVED,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_RESERVED), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         (UChar *)(source+2), UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest), /* overlap source and destination */
                         U_SHAPE_DIGITS_EN2AN|U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_AN,
                         &errorCode);
    if(errorCode!=U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(U_SHAPE_DIGIT_TYPE_RESERVED), returned %s instead of U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR\n", u_errorName(errorCode));
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(lamalef, UPRV_LENGTHOF(lamalef),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE | U_SHAPE_LENGTH_GROW_SHRINK | U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length == UPRV_LENGTHOF(lamalef)) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE | U_SHAPE_LENGTH_GROW_SHRINK | U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR)\n");
        log_err("returned %s instead of U_ZERO_ERROR or returned length %d instead of 3\n", u_errorName(errorCode), length);
    }
}

static void
doLamAlefSpecialVLTRArabicShapingTest(void) {
    static const UChar
    source[]={
/*a*/   0x20 ,0x646,0x622,0x644,0x627,0x20,
/*b*/   0x646,0x623,0x64E,0x644,0x627,0x20,
/*c*/   0x646,0x627,0x670,0x644,0x627,0x20,
/*d*/   0x646,0x622,0x653,0x644,0x627,0x20,
/*e*/   0x646,0x625,0x655,0x644,0x627,0x20,
/*f*/   0x646,0x622,0x654,0x644,0x627,0x20,
/*g*/   0xFEFC,0x639
    }, shape_near[]={
        0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0xfe76,0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,
        0xfee5,0x20,0x670,0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,
        0xfee5,0x20,0x655,0xfef9,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,
        0xfefc,0xfecb
    }, shape_at_end[]={
        0x20,0xfee5,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0xfe76,0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x670,
        0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x655,0xfef9,0xfe8d,
        0x20,0xfee5,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfefc,0xfecb,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20
    }, shape_at_begin[]={
        0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0xfee5,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0xfe76,
        0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x670,0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,
        0x20,0xfee5,0x655,0xfef9,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfefc,0xfecb
    }, shape_grow_shrink[]={
        0x20,0xfee5,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0xfe76,0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,
        0x670,0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x655,0xfef9,
        0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfefc,0xfecb
    }, shape_excepttashkeel_near[]={
        0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0xfe76,0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,
        0xfee5,0x20,0x670,0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,
        0xfee5,0x20,0x655,0xfef9,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x20,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,
        0xfefc,0xfecb
    }, shape_excepttashkeel_at_end[]={
        0x20,0xfee5,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0xfe76,0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,
        0x670,0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x655,0xfef9,
        0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfefc,0xfecb,0x20,0x20,0x20,
        0x20,0x20,0x20
    }, shape_excepttashkeel_at_begin[]={
        0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0xfee5,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0xfe76,
        0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x670,0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,
        0x20,0xfee5,0x655,0xfef9,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfefc,0xfecb
    }, shape_excepttashkeel_grow_shrink[]={
        0x20,0xfee5,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0xfe76,0xfef7,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x670,
        0xfefb,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x653,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfee5,0x655,0xfef9,0xfe8d,
        0x20,0xfee5,0x654,0xfef5,0xfe8d,0x20,0xfefc,0xfecb
    };

    UChar dest[38];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_NEAR|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_near) || memcmp(dest, shape_near, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_near)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_AT_END|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_at_end) || memcmp(dest, shape_at_end, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_at_end)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_AT_BEGINNING|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_at_begin) || memcmp(dest, shape_at_begin, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_at_begin)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_GROW_SHRINK|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || memcmp(dest, shape_grow_shrink, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_grow_shrink)\n");
    }

    /* ==================== U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED ==================== */

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_NEAR|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_excepttashkeel_near) || memcmp(dest, shape_excepttashkeel_near, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_excepttashkeel_near)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_AT_END|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_excepttashkeel_at_end) || memcmp(dest,shape_excepttashkeel_at_end , length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_excepttashkeel_at_end)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_AT_BEGINNING|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_excepttashkeel_at_begin) || memcmp(dest, shape_excepttashkeel_at_begin, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_excepttashkeel_at_begin)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_GROW_SHRINK|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || memcmp(dest, shape_excepttashkeel_grow_shrink, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(LAMALEF shape_excepttashkeel_grow_shrink)\n");
    }
}

static void
doTashkeelSpecialVLTRArabicShapingTest(void) {
    static const UChar
    source[]={
        0x64A,0x628,0x631,0x639,0x20,
        0x64A,0x628,0x651,0x631,0x64E,0x639,0x20,
        0x64C,0x64A,0x628,0x631,0x64F,0x639,0x20,
        0x628,0x670,0x631,0x670,0x639,0x20,
        0x628,0x653,0x631,0x653,0x639,0x20,
        0x628,0x654,0x631,0x654,0x639,0x20,
        0x628,0x655,0x631,0x655,0x639,0x20,
    }, shape_near[]={
        0xfef2,0xfe91,0xfeae,0xfecb,0x20,0xfef2,0xfe91,0xfe7c,0xfeae,0xfe77,0xfecb,
        0x20,0xfe72,0xfef2,0xfe91,0xfeae,0xfe79,0xfecb,0x20,0xfe8f,0x670,0xfeae,0x670,
        0xfecb,0x20,0xfe8f,0x653,0xfeae,0x653,0xfecb,0x20,0xfe8f,0x654,0xfeae,0x654,
        0xfecb,0x20,0xfe8f,0x655,0xfeae,0x655,0xfecb,0x20
    }, shape_excepttashkeel_near[]={
        0xfef2,0xfe91,0xfeae,0xfecb,0x20,0xfef2,0xfe91,0xfe7c,0xfeae,0xfe76,0xfecb,0x20,
        0xfe72,0xfef2,0xfe91,0xfeae,0xfe78,0xfecb,0x20,0xfe8f,0x670,0xfeae,0x670,0xfecb,
        0x20,0xfe8f,0x653,0xfeae,0x653,0xfecb,0x20,0xfe8f,0x654,0xfeae,0x654,0xfecb,0x20,
        0xfe8f,0x655,0xfeae,0x655,0xfecb,0x20
    };

    UChar dest[43];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_NEAR|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_near) || memcmp(dest, shape_near, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(TASHKEEL shape_near)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_NEAR|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(shape_excepttashkeel_near) || memcmp(dest, shape_excepttashkeel_near, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(TASHKEEL shape_excepttashkeel_near)\n");
    }
}

static void
doLOGICALArabicDeShapingTest(void) {
    static const UChar
    source[]={
        0x0020,0x0020,0x0020,0xFE8D,0xFEF5,0x0020,0xFEE5,0x0020,0xFE8D,0xFEF7,0x0020,
        0xFED7,0xFEFC,0x0020,0xFEE1,0x0020,0xFE8D,0xFEDF,0xFECC,0xFEAE,0xFE91,0xFEF4,
        0xFE94,0x0020,0xFE8D,0xFEDF,0xFEA4,0xFEAE,0xFE93,0x0020,0x0020,0x0020,0x0020
    }, unshape_near[]={
        0x20,0x20,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x622,0x646,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x623,0x642,0x644,0x627,
        0x645,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x639,0x631,0x628,0x64a,0x629,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x62d,0x631,
        0x629,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20
    }, unshape_at_end[]={
        0x20,0x20,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x622,0x20,0x646,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x623,0x20,0x642,
        0x644,0x627,0x20,0x645,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x639,0x631,0x628,0x64a,0x629,0x20,0x627,
        0x644,0x62d,0x631,0x629,0x20
    }, unshape_at_begin[]={
        0x627,0x644,0x622,0x20,0x646,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x623,0x20,0x642,0x644,0x627,0x20,
        0x645,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x639,0x631,0x628,0x64a,0x629,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x62d,0x631,
        0x629,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20
    }, unshape_grow_shrink[]={
        0x20,0x20,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x622,0x20,0x646,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x623,0x20,0x642,
        0x644,0x627,0x20,0x645,0x20,0x627,0x644,0x639,0x631,0x628,0x64a,0x629,0x20,0x627,
        0x644,0x62d,0x631,0x629,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20
    };

    UChar dest[36];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_NEAR|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_LOGICAL,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(unshape_near) || memcmp(dest, unshape_near, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(unshape_near)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_AT_END|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_LOGICAL,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(unshape_at_end) || memcmp(dest, unshape_at_end, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(unshape_at_end)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_FIXED_SPACES_AT_BEGINNING|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_LOGICAL,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(unshape_at_begin) || memcmp(dest, unshape_at_begin, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(unshape_at_begin)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE|U_SHAPE_LENGTH_GROW_SHRINK|
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_LOGICAL,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || memcmp(dest, unshape_grow_shrink, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(unshape_grow_shrink)\n");
    }

}

static void
doTailTest(void) {
  static const UChar src[] = { 0x0020, 0x0633, 0 };
  static const UChar dst_old[] = { 0xFEB1, 0x200B,0 };
  static const UChar dst_new[] = { 0xFEB1, 0xFE73,0 };
  UChar dst[3] = { 0x0000, 0x0000,0 };
  int32_t length;
  UErrorCode status;

  log_verbose("SRC: U+%04X U+%04X\n", src[0],src[1]);

  log_verbose("Trying old tail\n");
  status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  length = u_shapeArabic(src, -1, dst, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dst),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_SEEN_TWOCELL_NEAR, &status);
  if(U_FAILURE(status)) {
    log_err("Fail: status %s\n", u_errorName(status));
  } else if(length!=2) {
    log_err("Fail: len %d expected 3\n", length);
  } else if(u_strncmp(dst,dst_old,UPRV_LENGTHOF(dst))) {
    log_err("Fail: got U+%04X U+%04X expected U+%04X U+%04X\n",
            dst[0],dst[1],dst_old[0],dst_old[1]);
  } else {
    log_verbose("OK:  U+%04X U+%04X len %d err %s\n",
            dst[0],dst[1],length,u_errorName(status));
  }


  log_verbose("Trying new tail\n");
  status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
  length = u_shapeArabic(src, -1, dst, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dst),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_SEEN_TWOCELL_NEAR|U_SHAPE_TAIL_NEW_UNICODE, &status);
  if(U_FAILURE(status)) {
    log_err("Fail: status %s\n", u_errorName(status));
  } else if(length!=2) {
    log_err("Fail: len %d expected 3\n", length);
  } else if(u_strncmp(dst,dst_new,UPRV_LENGTHOF(dst))) {
    log_err("Fail: got U+%04X U+%04X expected U+%04X U+%04X\n",
            dst[0],dst[1],dst_new[0],dst_new[1]);
  } else {
    log_verbose("OK:  U+%04X U+%04X len %d err %s\n",
            dst[0],dst[1],length,u_errorName(status));
  }
}

static void
doArabicShapingTestForBug5421(void) {
    static const UChar
    persian_letters_source[]={
        0x0020, 0x0698, 0x067E, 0x0686, 0x06AF, 0x0020
    }, persian_letters[]={
        0x0020, 0xFB8B, 0xFB59, 0xFB7D, 0xFB94, 0x0020
    }, tashkeel_aggregation_source[]={
        0x0020, 0x0628, 0x0651, 0x064E, 0x062A, 0x0631, 0x0645, 0x0020,
        0x0628, 0x064E, 0x0651, 0x062A, 0x0631, 0x0645, 0x0020
    }, tashkeel_aggregation[]={
        0x0020, 0xFE90, 0xFC60, 0xFE97, 0xFEAE, 0xFEE3,
        0x0020, 0xFE90, 0xFC60, 0xFE97, 0xFEAE, 0xFEE3, 0x0020
    }, untouched_presentation_source[]={
        0x0020 ,0x0627, 0xfe90,0x0020
    }, untouched_presentation[]={
        0x0020,0xfe8D, 0xfe90,0x0020
    }, untouched_presentation_r_source[]={
        0x0020 ,0xfe90, 0x0627, 0x0020
    }, untouched_presentation_r[]={
        0x0020, 0xfe90,0xfe8D,0x0020
    };

    UChar dest[38];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(persian_letters_source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(persian_letters_source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(persian_letters) || memcmp(dest, persian_letters, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(persian_letters)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(tashkeel_aggregation_source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(tashkeel_aggregation_source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_AGGREGATE_TASHKEEL|U_SHAPE_PRESERVE_PRESENTATION|
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_ISOLATED|U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(tashkeel_aggregation) || memcmp(dest, tashkeel_aggregation, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(tashkeel_aggregation)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(untouched_presentation_source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(untouched_presentation_source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_PRESERVE_PRESENTATION|
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(untouched_presentation) || memcmp(dest, untouched_presentation, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(untouched_presentation)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(untouched_presentation_r_source, UPRV_LENGTHOF(untouched_presentation_r_source),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_PRESERVE_PRESENTATION|
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE|U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_LOGICAL,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(untouched_presentation_r) || memcmp(dest, untouched_presentation_r, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(untouched_presentation_r)\n");
    }
}

static void
doArabicShapingTestForBug8703(void) {
    static const UChar
    letters_source1[]={
        0x0634,0x0651,0x0645,0x0652,0x0633
    }, letters_source2[]={
        0x0634,0x0651,0x0645,0x0652,0x0633
    }, letters_source3[]={
       0x0634,0x0651,0x0645,0x0652,0x0633
    }, letters_source4[]={
        0x0634,0x0651,0x0645,0x0652,0x0633
    }, letters_source5[]={
        0x0633,0x0652,0x0645,0x0651,0x0634
    }, letters_source6[]={
        0x0633,0x0652,0x0645,0x0651,0x0634
    }, letters_source7[]={
        0x0633,0x0652,0x0645,0x0651,0x0634
    }, letters_source8[]={
        0x0633,0x0652,0x0645,0x0651,0x0634
    }, letters_dest1[]={
        0x0020,0xFEB7,0xFE7D,0xFEE4,0xFEB2
    }, letters_dest2[]={
        0xFEB7,0xFE7D,0xFEE4,0xFEB2,0x0020
    }, letters_dest3[]={
        0xFEB7,0xFE7D,0xFEE4,0xFEB2
    }, letters_dest4[]={
        0xFEB7,0xFE7D,0xFEE4,0x0640,0xFEB2
    }, letters_dest5[]={
        0x0020,0xFEB2,0xFEE4,0xFE7D,0xFEB7
    }, letters_dest6[]={
        0xFEB2,0xFEE4,0xFE7D,0xFEB7,0x0020
    }, letters_dest7[]={
        0xFEB2,0xFEE4,0xFE7D,0xFEB7
    }, letters_dest8[]={
        0xFEB2,0x0640,0xFEE4,0xFE7D,0xFEB7
    };

    UChar dest[20];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source1, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source1),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_BEGIN | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest1) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest1, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source1)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source2, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source2),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_END | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest2) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest2, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source2)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source3, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source3),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_RESIZE | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest3) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest3, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source3)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source4, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source4),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_REPLACE_BY_TATWEEL | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest4) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest4, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source4)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source5, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source5),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_BEGIN | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest5) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest5, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source5)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source6, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source6),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_END | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest6) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest6, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source6)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source7, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source7),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_RESIZE | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest7) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest7, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source7)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source8, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source8),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_REPLACE_BY_TATWEEL | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest8) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest8, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source8)\n");
    }
}

static void
doArabicShapingTestForBug9024(void) {
    static const UChar
    letters_source1[]={  /* Arabic mathematical Symbols 0x1EE00 - 0x1EE1B */
        0xD83B, 0xDE00, 0xD83B, 0xDE01, 0xD83B, 0xDE02, 0xD83B, 0xDE03, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE24, 0xD83B, 0xDE05, 0xD83B, 0xDE06, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE07, 0xD83B, 0xDE08, 0xD83B, 0xDE09, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0A, 0xD83B, 0xDE0B, 0xD83B, 0xDE0C, 0xD83B, 0xDE0D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0E, 0xD83B, 0xDE0F, 0xD83B, 0xDE10, 0xD83B, 0xDE11, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE12, 0xD83B, 0xDE13, 0xD83B, 0xDE14, 0xD83B, 0xDE15, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE16, 0xD83B, 0xDE17, 0xD83B, 0xDE18, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE19, 0xD83B, 0xDE1A, 0xD83B, 0xDE1B
    }, letters_source2[]={/* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Looped Symbols, 0x1EE80 - 0x1EE9B */
        0xD83B, 0xDE80, 0xD83B, 0xDE81, 0xD83B, 0xDE82, 0xD83B, 0xDE83, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE84, 0xD83B, 0xDE85, 0xD83B, 0xDE86, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE87, 0xD83B, 0xDE88, 0xD83B, 0xDE89, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8B, 0xD83B, 0xDE8C, 0xD83B, 0xDE8D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8E, 0xD83B, 0xDE8F, 0xD83B, 0xDE90, 0xD83B, 0xDE91, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE92, 0xD83B, 0xDE93, 0xD83B, 0xDE94, 0xD83B, 0xDE95, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE96, 0xD83B, 0xDE97, 0xD83B, 0xDE98, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE99, 0xD83B, 0xDE9A, 0xD83B, 0xDE9B
    }, letters_source3[]={/* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Double-struck Symbols, 0x1EEA1 - 0x1EEBB */
        0xD83B, 0xDEA1, 0xD83B, 0xDEA2, 0xD83B, 0xDEA3, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA5, 0xD83B, 0xDEA6, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA7, 0xD83B, 0xDEA8, 0xD83B, 0xDEA9, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAB, 0xD83B, 0xDEAC, 0xD83B, 0xDEAD, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAE, 0xD83B, 0xDEAF, 0xD83B, 0xDEB0, 0xD83B, 0xDEB1, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB2, 0xD83B, 0xDEB3, 0xD83B, 0xDEB4, 0xD83B, 0xDEB5, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB6, 0xD83B, 0xDEB7, 0xD83B, 0xDEB8, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB9, 0xD83B, 0xDEBA, 0xD83B, 0xDEBB
    }, letters_source4[]={/* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Initial Symbols, 0x1EE21 - 0x1EE3B */
        0xD83B, 0xDE21, 0xD83B, 0xDE22, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE27, 0xD83B, 0xDE29, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2A, 0xD83B, 0xDE2B, 0xD83B, 0xDE2C, 0xD83B, 0xDE2D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2E, 0xD83B, 0xDE2F, 0xD83B, 0xDE30, 0xD83B, 0xDE31, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE32, 0xD83B, 0xDE34, 0xD83B, 0xDE35, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE36, 0xD83B, 0xDE37, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE39, 0xD83B, 0xDE3B
    }, letters_source5[]={/* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Tailed Symbols */
        0xD83B, 0xDE42, 0xD83B, 0xDE47, 0xD83B, 0xDE49, 0xD83B, 0xDE4B, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE4D, 0xD83B, 0xDE4E, 0xD83B, 0xDE4F, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE51, 0xD83B, 0xDE52, 0xD83B, 0xDE54, 0xD83B, 0xDE57, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE59, 0xD83B, 0xDE5B, 0xD83B, 0xDE5D, 0xD83B, 0xDE5F
    }, letters_source6[]={/* Arabic mathematical Symbols - Stretched Symbols with 06 range */
        0xD83B, 0xDE21, 0x0633, 0xD83B, 0xDE62, 0x0647
    }, letters_dest1[]={
        0xD83B, 0xDE00, 0xD83B, 0xDE01, 0xD83B, 0xDE02, 0xD83B, 0xDE03, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE24, 0xD83B, 0xDE05, 0xD83B, 0xDE06, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE07, 0xD83B, 0xDE08, 0xD83B, 0xDE09, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0A, 0xD83B, 0xDE0B, 0xD83B, 0xDE0C, 0xD83B, 0xDE0D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE0E, 0xD83B, 0xDE0F, 0xD83B, 0xDE10, 0xD83B, 0xDE11, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE12, 0xD83B, 0xDE13, 0xD83B, 0xDE14, 0xD83B, 0xDE15, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE16, 0xD83B, 0xDE17, 0xD83B, 0xDE18, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE19, 0xD83B, 0xDE1A, 0xD83B, 0xDE1B
    }, letters_dest2[]={
        0xD83B, 0xDE80, 0xD83B, 0xDE81, 0xD83B, 0xDE82, 0xD83B, 0xDE83, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE84, 0xD83B, 0xDE85, 0xD83B, 0xDE86, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE87, 0xD83B, 0xDE88, 0xD83B, 0xDE89, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8B, 0xD83B, 0xDE8C, 0xD83B, 0xDE8D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE8E, 0xD83B, 0xDE8F, 0xD83B, 0xDE90, 0xD83B, 0xDE91, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE92, 0xD83B, 0xDE93, 0xD83B, 0xDE94, 0xD83B, 0xDE95, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE96, 0xD83B, 0xDE97, 0xD83B, 0xDE98, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE99, 0xD83B, 0xDE9A, 0xD83B, 0xDE9B
    }, letters_dest3[]={
        0xD83B, 0xDEA1, 0xD83B, 0xDEA2, 0xD83B, 0xDEA3, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA5, 0xD83B, 0xDEA6, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEA7, 0xD83B, 0xDEA8, 0xD83B, 0xDEA9, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAB, 0xD83B, 0xDEAC, 0xD83B, 0xDEAD, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEAE, 0xD83B, 0xDEAF, 0xD83B, 0xDEB0, 0xD83B, 0xDEB1, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB2, 0xD83B, 0xDEB3, 0xD83B, 0xDEB4, 0xD83B, 0xDEB5, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB6, 0xD83B, 0xDEB7, 0xD83B, 0xDEB8, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDEB9, 0xD83B, 0xDEBA, 0xD83B, 0xDEBB
    }, letters_dest4[]={
        0xD83B, 0xDE21, 0xD83B, 0xDE22, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE27, 0xD83B, 0xDE29, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2A, 0xD83B, 0xDE2B, 0xD83B, 0xDE2C, 0xD83B, 0xDE2D, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE2E, 0xD83B, 0xDE2F, 0xD83B, 0xDE30, 0xD83B, 0xDE31, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE32, 0xD83B, 0xDE34, 0xD83B, 0xDE35, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE36, 0xD83B, 0xDE37, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE39, 0xD83B, 0xDE3B
    }, letters_dest5[]={
        0xD83B, 0xDE42, 0xD83B, 0xDE47, 0xD83B, 0xDE49, 0xD83B, 0xDE4B, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE4D, 0xD83B, 0xDE4E, 0xD83B, 0xDE4F, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE51, 0xD83B, 0xDE52, 0xD83B, 0xDE54, 0xD83B, 0xDE57, 0x20,
        0xD83B, 0xDE59, 0xD83B, 0xDE5B, 0xD83B, 0xDE5D, 0xD83B, 0xDE5F
    }, letters_dest6[]={
        0xD83B, 0xDE21, 0xFEB1, 0xD83B, 0xDE62, 0xFEE9
    };

    UChar dest[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode errorCode;
    int32_t length;

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source1, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source1),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_BEGIN | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest1) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest1, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source1)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source2, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source2),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_END | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest2) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest2, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source2)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source3, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source3),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_RESIZE | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest3) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest3, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source3)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source4, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source4),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_RTL | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_REPLACE_BY_TATWEEL | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest4) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest4, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source4)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source5, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source5),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_BEGIN | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest5) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest5, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source5)\n");
    }

    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;

    length=u_shapeArabic(letters_source6, UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_source6),
                         dest, UPRV_LENGTHOF(dest),
                         U_SHAPE_TEXT_DIRECTION_VISUAL_LTR | U_SHAPE_TASHKEEL_END | U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);

    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=UPRV_LENGTHOF(letters_dest6) || memcmp(dest, letters_dest6, length*U_SIZEOF_UCHAR)!=0) {
        log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(letters_source6)\n");
    }

}

static void _testPresentationForms(const UChar* in) {
  enum Forms { GENERIC, ISOLATED, FINAL, INITIAL, MEDIAL };
  /* This character is used to check whether the in-character is rewritten correctly
     and whether the surrounding characters are shaped correctly as well. */
  UChar otherChar[] = {0x0628, 0xfe8f, 0xfe90, 0xfe91, 0xfe92};
  UChar src[3];
  UChar dst[3];
  UErrorCode errorCode;
  int32_t length;

  /* Testing isolated shaping */
  src[0] = in[GENERIC];
  errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
  length=u_shapeArabic(src, 1,
                       dst, 1,
                       U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                       &errorCode);
  if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=1 || dst[0] != in[ISOLATED]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: shaping isolated): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
  }
  errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
  length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 1,
                       src, 1,
                       U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                       &errorCode);
  if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=1 || src[0] != in[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: unshaping isolated): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
  }

  /* Testing final shaping */
  src[0] = otherChar[GENERIC];
  src[1] = in[GENERIC];
  if (in[FINAL] != 0) {
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(src, 2,
                         dst, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || dst[0] != otherChar[INITIAL] || dst[1] != in[FINAL]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: shaping final): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 2,
                         src, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || src[0] != otherChar[GENERIC] || src[1] != in[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: unshaping final): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
  } else {
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(src, 2,
                         dst, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || dst[0] != otherChar[ISOLATED] || dst[1] != in[ISOLATED]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: shaping final): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 2,
                         src, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || src[0] != otherChar[GENERIC] || src[1] != in[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: unshaping final): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
  }

  /* Testing initial shaping */
  src[0] = in[GENERIC];
  src[1] = otherChar[GENERIC];
  if (in[INITIAL] != 0) {
    /* Testing characters that have an initial form */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(src, 2,
                         dst, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || dst[0] != in[INITIAL] || dst[1] != otherChar[FINAL]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: shaping initial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 2,
                         src, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || src[0] != in[GENERIC] || src[1] != otherChar[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: unshaping initial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
  } else {
    /* Testing characters that do not have an initial form */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(src, 2,
                         dst, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || dst[0] != in[ISOLATED] || dst[1] != otherChar[ISOLATED]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testTwoForms: shaping initial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 2,
                         src, 2,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=2 || src[0] != in[GENERIC] || src[1] != otherChar[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testTwoForms: unshaping initial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
  }

  /* Testing medial shaping */
  src[0] = otherChar[0];
  src[1] = in[GENERIC];
  src[2] = otherChar[0];
  errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
  if (in[MEDIAL] != 0) {
    /* Testing characters that have an medial form */
    length=u_shapeArabic(src, 3,
                         dst, 3,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=3 || dst[0] != otherChar[INITIAL] || dst[1] != in[MEDIAL] || dst[2] != otherChar[FINAL]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: shaping medial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 3,
                         src, 3,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=3 || src[0] != otherChar[GENERIC] || src[1] != in[GENERIC] || src[2] != otherChar[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testAllForms: unshaping medial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
  } else {
    /* Testing characters that do not have an medial form */
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(src, 3,
                         dst, 3,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_SHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=3 || dst[0] != otherChar[INITIAL] || dst[1] != in[FINAL] || dst[2] != otherChar[ISOLATED]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testTwoForms: shaping medial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
    errorCode=U_ZERO_ERROR;
    length=u_shapeArabic(dst, 3,
                         src, 3,
                         U_SHAPE_LETTERS_UNSHAPE,
                         &errorCode);
    if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || length!=3 || src[0] != otherChar[GENERIC] || src[1] != in[GENERIC] || src[2] != otherChar[GENERIC]) {
      log_err("failure in u_shapeArabic(_testTwoForms: unshaping medial): %x\n", in[GENERIC]);
    }
  }
}

static void
doArabicShapingTestForNewCharacters(void) {
  static const UChar letterForms[][5]={
    { 0x0679, 0xFB66, 0xFB67, 0xFB68, 0xFB69 },  /* TTEH */
    { 0x067A, 0xFB5E, 0xFB5F, 0xFB60, 0xFB61 },  /* TTEHEH */
    { 0x067B, 0xFB52, 0xFB53, 0xFB54, 0xFB55 },  /* BEEH */
    { 0x0688, 0xFB88, 0xFB89, 0, 0 },            /* DDAL */
    { 0x068C, 0xFB84, 0xFB85, 0, 0 },            /* DAHAL */
    { 0x068D, 0xFB82, 0xFB83, 0, 0 },            /* DDAHAL */
    { 0x068E, 0xFB86, 0xFB87, 0, 0 },            /* DUL */
    { 0x0691, 0xFB8C, 0xFB8D, 0, 0 },            /* RREH */
    { 0x06BA, 0xFB9E, 0xFB9F, 0, 0 },            /* NOON GHUNNA */
    { 0x06BB, 0xFBA0, 0xFBA1, 0xFBA2, 0xFBA3 },  /* RNOON */
    { 0x06BE, 0xFBAA, 0xFBAB, 0xFBAC, 0xFBAD },  /* HEH DOACHASHMEE */
    { 0x06C0, 0xFBA4, 0xFBA5, 0, 0 },            /* HEH WITH YEH ABOVE */
    { 0x06C1, 0xFBA6, 0xFBA7, 0xFBA8, 0xFBA9 },  /* HEH GOAL */
    { 0x06C5, 0xFBE0, 0xFBE1, 0, 0 },            /* KIRGIHIZ OE */
    { 0x06C6, 0xFBD9, 0xFBDA, 0, 0 },            /* OE */
    { 0x06C7, 0xFBD7, 0xFBD8, 0, 0 },            /* U */
    { 0x06C8, 0xFBDB, 0xFBDC, 0, 0 },            /* YU */
    { 0x06C9, 0xFBE2, 0xFBE3, 0, 0 },            /* KIRGIZ YU */
    { 0x06CB, 0xFBDE, 0xFBDF, 0, 0},             /* VE */
    { 0x06D0, 0xFBE4, 0xFBE5, 0xFBE6, 0xFBE7 },  /* E */
    { 0x06D2, 0xFBAE, 0xFBAF, 0, 0 },            /* YEH BARREE */
    { 0x06D3, 0xFBB0, 0xFBB1, 0, 0 },            /* YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE */
    { 0x0622, 0xFE81, 0xFE82, 0, 0, },           /* ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE */
    { 0x0623, 0xFE83, 0xFE84, 0, 0, },           /* ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE */
    { 0x0624, 0xFE85, 0xFE86, 0, 0, },           /* WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE */
    { 0x0625, 0xFE87, 0xFE88, 0, 0, },           /* ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW */
    { 0x0626, 0xFE89, 0xFE8A, 0xFE8B, 0xFE8C, }, /* YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE */
    { 0x0627, 0xFE8D, 0xFE8E, 0, 0, },           /* ALEF */
    { 0x0628, 0xFE8F, 0xFE90, 0xFE91, 0xFE92, }, /* BEH */
    { 0x0629, 0xFE93, 0xFE94, 0, 0, },           /* TEH MARBUTA */
    { 0x062A, 0xFE95, 0xFE96, 0xFE97, 0xFE98, }, /* TEH */
    { 0x062B, 0xFE99, 0xFE9A, 0xFE9B, 0xFE9C, }, /* THEH */
    { 0x062C, 0xFE9D, 0xFE9E, 0xFE9F, 0xFEA0, }, /* JEEM */
    { 0x062D, 0xFEA1, 0xFEA2, 0xFEA3, 0xFEA4, }, /* HAH */
    { 0x062E, 0xFEA5, 0xFEA6, 0xFEA7, 0xFEA8, }, /* KHAH */
    { 0x062F, 0xFEA9, 0xFEAA, 0, 0, },           /* DAL */
    { 0x0630, 0xFEAB, 0xFEAC, 0, 0, },           /* THAL */
    { 0x0631, 0xFEAD, 0xFEAE, 0, 0, },           /* REH */
    { 0x0632, 0xFEAF, 0xFEB0, 0, 0, },           /* ZAIN */
    { 0x0633, 0xFEB1, 0xFEB2, 0xFEB3, 0xFEB4, }, /* SEEN */
    { 0x0634, 0xFEB5, 0xFEB6, 0xFEB7, 0xFEB8, }, /* SHEEN */
    { 0x0635, 0xFEB9, 0xFEBA, 0xFEBB, 0xFEBC, }, /* SAD */
    { 0x0636, 0xFEBD, 0xFEBE, 0xFEBF, 0xFEC0, }, /* DAD */
    { 0x0637, 0xFEC1, 0xFEC2, 0xFEC3, 0xFEC4, }, /* TAH */
    { 0x0638, 0xFEC5, 0xFEC6, 0xFEC7, 0xFEC8, }, /* ZAH */
    { 0x0639, 0xFEC9, 0xFECA, 0xFECB, 0xFECC, }, /* AIN */
    { 0x063A, 0xFECD, 0xFECE, 0xFECF, 0xFED0, }, /* GHAIN */
    { 0x0641, 0xFED1, 0xFED2, 0xFED3, 0xFED4, }, /* FEH */
    { 0x0642, 0xFED5, 0xFED6, 0xFED7, 0xFED8, }, /* QAF */
    { 0x0643, 0xFED9, 0xFEDA, 0xFEDB, 0xFEDC, }, /* KAF */
    { 0x0644, 0xFEDD, 0xFEDE, 0xFEDF, 0xFEE0, }, /* LAM */
    { 0x0645, 0xFEE1, 0xFEE2, 0xFEE3, 0xFEE4, }, /* MEEM */
    { 0x0646, 0xFEE5, 0xFEE6, 0xFEE7, 0xFEE8, }, /* NOON */
    { 0x0647, 0xFEE9, 0xFEEA, 0xFEEB, 0xFEEC, }, /* HEH */
    { 0x0648, 0xFEED, 0xFEEE, 0, 0, },           /* WAW */
    { 0x0649, 0xFEEF, 0xFEF0, 0, 0, },           /* ALEF MAKSURA */
    { 0x064A, 0xFEF1, 0xFEF2, 0xFEF3, 0xFEF4, }, /* YEH */
    { 0x064E, 0xFE76, 0, 0, 0xFE77, },           /* FATHA */
    { 0x064F, 0xFE78, 0, 0, 0xFE79, },           /* DAMMA */
    { 0x0650, 0xFE7A, 0, 0, 0xFE7B, },           /* KASRA */
    { 0x0651, 0xFE7C, 0, 0, 0xFE7D, },           /* SHADDA */
    { 0x0652, 0xFE7E, 0, 0, 0xFE7F, },           /* SUKUN */
    { 0x0679, 0xFB66, 0xFB67, 0xFB68, 0xFB69, }, /* TTEH */
    { 0x067E, 0xFB56, 0xFB57, 0xFB58, 0xFB59, }, /* PEH */
    { 0x0686, 0xFB7A, 0xFB7B, 0xFB7C, 0xFB7D, }, /* TCHEH */
    { 0x0688, 0xFB88, 0xFB89, 0, 0, },           /* DDAL */
    { 0x0691, 0xFB8C, 0xFB8D, 0, 0, },           /* RREH */
    { 0x0698, 0xFB8A, 0xFB8B, 0, 0, },           /* JEH */
    { 0x06A9, 0xFB8E, 0xFB8F, 0xFB90, 0xFB91, }, /* KEHEH */
    { 0x06AF, 0xFB92, 0xFB93, 0xFB94, 0xFB95, }, /* GAF */
    { 0x06BA, 0xFB9E, 0xFB9F, 0, 0, },           /* NOON GHUNNA */
    { 0x06BE, 0xFBAA, 0xFBAB, 0xFBAC, 0xFBAD, }, /* HEH DOACHASHMEE */
    { 0x06C0, 0xFBA4, 0xFBA5, 0, 0, },           /* HEH WITH YEH ABOVE */
    { 0x06C1, 0xFBA6, 0xFBA7, 0xFBA8, 0xFBA9, }, /* HEH GOAL */
    { 0x06CC, 0xFBFC, 0xFBFD, 0xFBFE, 0xFBFF, }, /* FARSI YEH */
    { 0x06D2, 0xFBAE, 0xFBAF, 0, 0, },           /* YEH BARREE */
    { 0x06D3, 0xFBB0, 0xFBB1, 0, 0, }};          /* YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE */
  int32_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < UPRV_LENGTHOF(letterForms); ++i) {
    _testPresentationForms(letterForms[i]);
  }
}

/* helpers ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

static void initCharFromDirProps(void) {
    static const UVersionInfo ucd401={ 4, 0, 1, 0 };
    static UVersionInfo ucdVersion={ 0, 0, 0, 0 };

    /* lazy initialization */
    if(ucdVersion[0]>0) {
        return;
    }

    u_getUnicodeVersion(ucdVersion);
    if(memcmp(ucdVersion, ucd401, sizeof(UVersionInfo))>=0) {
        /* Unicode 4.0.1 changes bidi classes for +-/ */
        charFromDirProp[U_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR]=0x2b; /* change ES character from / to + */
    }
}

/* return a string with characters according to the desired directional properties */
static UChar *
getStringFromDirProps(const uint8_t *dirProps, int32_t length, UChar *buffer) {
    int32_t i;

    initCharFromDirProps();

    /* this part would have to be modified for UTF-x */
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        buffer[i]=charFromDirProp[dirProps[i]];
    }
    buffer[length]=0;
    return buffer;
}

static void printUnicode(const UChar *s, int32_t length, const UBiDiLevel *levels) {
    int32_t i;

    log_verbose("{ ");
    for(i=0; i<length; ++i) {
        if(levels!=NULL) {
            log_verbose("%4x.%u  ", s[i], levels[i]);
        } else {
            log_verbose("%4x    ", s[i]);
        }
    }
    log_verbose(" }");
}

/* new BIDI API */

/* Reordering Mode BiDi --------------------------------------------------------- */

static const UBiDiLevel paraLevels[] = { UBIDI_LTR, UBIDI_RTL };

static UBool
assertSuccessful(const char* message, UErrorCode* rc) {
    if (rc != NULL && U_FAILURE(*rc)) {
        log_err("%s() failed with error %s.\n", message, myErrorName(*rc));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static UBool
assertStringsEqual(const char* expected, const char* actual, const char* src,
                   const char* mode, const char* option, UBiDi* pBiDi) {
    if (uprv_strcmp(expected, actual)) {
        char formatChars[MAXLEN];
        log_err("\nActual and expected output mismatch.\n"
            "%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %d %s\n%20s %u\n%20s %d %s\n",
            "Input:", src,
            "Actual output:", actual,
            "Expected output:", expected,
            "Levels:", formatLevels(pBiDi, formatChars),
            "Reordering mode:", ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi), mode,
            "Paragraph level:", ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi),
            "Reordering option:", ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi), option);
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static UBiDi*
getBiDiObject(void) {
    UBiDi* pBiDi = ubidi_open();
    if (pBiDi == NULL) {
        log_err("Unable to allocate a UBiDi object. Tests are skipped.\n");
    }
    return pBiDi;
}

#define MAKE_ITEMS(val) val, #val

static const struct {
    UBiDiReorderingMode value;
    const char* description;
}
modes[] = {
    { MAKE_ITEMS(UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R) },
    { MAKE_ITEMS(UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT) },
    { MAKE_ITEMS(UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL) },
    { MAKE_ITEMS(UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL) },
    { MAKE_ITEMS(UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L) }
};
static const struct {
    uint32_t value;
    const char* description;
}
options[] = {
    { MAKE_ITEMS(UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS) },
    { MAKE_ITEMS(0) }
};

#define TC_COUNT                UPRV_LENGTHOF(textIn)
#define MODES_COUNT             UPRV_LENGTHOF(modes)
#define OPTIONS_COUNT           UPRV_LENGTHOF(options)
#define LEVELS_COUNT            UPRV_LENGTHOF(paraLevels)

static const char* const textIn[] = {
/* (0) 123 */
    "123",
/* (1) .123->4.5 */
    ".123->4.5",
/* (2) 678 */
    "678",
/* (3) .678->8.9 */
    ".678->8.9",
/* (4) JIH1.2,3MLK */
    "JIH1.2,3MLK",
/* (5) FE.>12-> */
    "FE.>12->",
/* (6) JIH.>12->a */
    "JIH.>12->a",
/* (7) CBA.>67->89=a */
    "CBA.>67->89=a",
/* (8) CBA.123->xyz */
    "CBA.123->xyz",
/* (9) .>12->xyz */
    ".>12->xyz",
/* (10) a.>67->xyz */
    "a.>67->xyz",
/* (11) 123JIH */
    "123JIH",
/* (12) 123 JIH */
    "123 JIH"
};

static const char* const textOut[] = {
/* TC 0: 123 */
    "123",                                                              /* (0) */
/* TC 1: .123->4.5 */
    ".123->4.5",                                                        /* (1) */
    "4.5<-123.",                                                        /* (2) */
/* TC 2: 678 */
    "678",                                                              /* (3) */
/* TC 3: .678->8.9 */
    ".8.9<-678",                                                        /* (4) */
    "8.9<-678.",                                                        /* (5) */
    ".678->8.9",                                                        /* (6) */
/* TC 4: MLK1.2,3JIH */
    "KLM1.2,3HIJ",                                                      /* (7) */
/* TC 5: FE.>12-> */
    "12<.EF->",                                                         /* (8) */
    "<-12<.EF",                                                         /* (9) */
    "EF.>@12->",                                                        /* (10) */
/* TC 6: JIH.>12->a */
    "12<.HIJ->a",                                                       /* (11) */
    "a<-12<.HIJ",                                                       /* (12) */
    "HIJ.>@12->a",                                                      /* (13) */
    "a&<-12<.HIJ",                                                      /* (14) */
/* TC 7: CBA.>67->89=a */
    "ABC.>@67->89=a",                                                   /* (15) */
    "a=89<-67<.ABC",                                                    /* (16) */
    "a&=89<-67<.ABC",                                                   /* (17) */
    "89<-67<.ABC=a",                                                    /* (18) */
/* TC 8: CBA.123->xyz */
    "123.ABC->xyz",                                                     /* (19) */
    "xyz<-123.ABC",                                                     /* (20) */
    "ABC.@123->xyz",                                                    /* (21) */
    "xyz&<-123.ABC",                                                    /* (22) */
/* TC 9: .>12->xyz */
    ".>12->xyz",                                                        /* (23) */
    "xyz<-12<.",                                                        /* (24) */
    "xyz&<-12<.",                                                       /* (25) */
/* TC 10: a.>67->xyz */
    "a.>67->xyz",                                                       /* (26) */
    "a.>@67@->xyz",                                                     /* (27) */
    "xyz<-67<.a",                                                       /* (28) */
/* TC 11: 123JIH */
    "123HIJ",                                                           /* (29) */
    "HIJ123",                                                           /* (30) */
/* TC 12: 123 JIH */
    "123 HIJ",                                                          /* (31) */
    "HIJ 123",                                                          /* (32) */
};

#define NO                  UBIDI_MAP_NOWHERE
#define MAX_MAP_LENGTH      20

static const int32_t forwardMap[][MAX_MAP_LENGTH] = {
/* TC 0: 123 */
    { 0, 1, 2 },                                                        /* (0) */
/* TC 1: .123->4.5 */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                      /* (1) */
    { 8, 5, 6, 7, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                                      /* (2) */
/* TC 2: 678 */
    { 0, 1, 2 },                                                        /* (3) */
/* TC 3: .678->8.9 */
    { 0, 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 1, 2, 3 },                                      /* (4) */
    { 8, 5, 6, 7, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                                      /* (5) */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                      /* (6) */
/* TC 4: MLK1.2,3JIH */
    { 10, 9, 8, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 2, 1, 0 },                               /* (7) */
/* TC 5: FE.>12-> */
    { 5, 4, 3, 2, 0, 1, 6, 7 },                                         /* (8) */
    { 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1, 0 },                                         /* (9) */
    { 1, 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                         /* (10) */
/* TC 6: JIH.>12->a */
    { 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0, 1, 7, 8, 9 },                                   /* (11) */
    { 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 0 },                                   /* (12) */
    { 2, 1, 0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 },                                  /* (13) */
    { 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 0 },                                  /* (14) */
/* TC 7: CBA.>67->89=a */
    { 2, 1, 0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 },                      /* (15) */
    { 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 6, 7, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1, 0 },                       /* (16) */
    { 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 7, 8, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 0 },                      /* (17) */
    { 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 0, 1, 11, 12 },                       /* (18) */
/* TC 8: CBA.123->xyz */
    { 6, 5, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 },                           /* (19) */
    { 11, 10, 9, 8, 5, 6, 7, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                           /* (20) */
    { 2, 1, 0, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 },                          /* (21) */
    { 12, 11, 10, 9, 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 0, 1, 2 },                          /* (22) */
/* TC 9: .>12->xyz */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                      /* (23) */
    { 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                                      /* (24) */
    { 9, 8, 6, 7, 5, 4, 0, 1, 2 },                                      /* (25) */
/* TC 10: a.>67->xyz */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 },                                   /* (26) */
    { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 },                                 /* (27) */
    { 9, 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                                   /* (28) */
/* TC 11: 123JIH */
    { 0, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3 },                                               /* (29) */
    { 3, 4, 5, 2, 1, 0 },                                               /* (30) */
/* TC 12: 123 JIH */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 4 },                                            /* (31) */
    { 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                                            /* (32) */
};

static const int32_t inverseMap[][MAX_MAP_LENGTH] = {
/* TC 0: 123 */
    { 0, 1, 2 },                                                        /* (0) */
/* TC 1: .123->4.5 */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                      /* (1) */
    { 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 1, 2, 3, 0 },                                      /* (2) */
/* TC 2: 678 */
    { 0, 1, 2 },                                                        /* (3) */
/* TC 3: .678->8.9 */
    { 0, 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 1, 2, 3 },                                      /* (4) */
    { 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 1, 2, 3, 0 },                                      /* (5) */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                      /* (6) */
/* TC 4: MLK1.2,3JIH */
    { 10, 9, 8, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 2, 1, 0 },                               /* (7) */
/* TC 5: FE.>12-> */
    { 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0, 6, 7 },                                         /* (8) */
    { 7, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                                         /* (9) */
    { 1, 0, 2, 3, NO, 4, 5, 6, 7 },                                     /* (10) */
/* TC 6: JIH.>12->a */
    { 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 8, 9 },                                   /* (11) */
    { 9, 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                                   /* (12) */
    { 2, 1, 0, 3, 4, NO, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 },                               /* (13) */
    { 9, NO, 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                               /* (14) */
/* TC 7: CBA.>67->89=a */
    { 2, 1, 0, 3, 4, NO, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 },                   /* (15) */
    { 12, 11, 9, 10, 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                       /* (16) */
    { 12, NO, 11, 9, 10, 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                   /* (17) */
    { 9, 10, 8, 7, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 11, 12 },                       /* (18) */
/* TC 8: CBA.123->xyz */
    { 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 },                           /* (19) */
    { 9, 10, 11, 8, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                           /* (20) */
    { 2, 1, 0, 3, NO, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 },                       /* (21) */
    { 9, 10, 11, NO, 8, 7, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 1, 0 },                       /* (22) */
/* TC 9: .>12->xyz */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 },                                      /* (23) */
    { 6, 7, 8, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1, 0 },                                      /* (24) */
    { 6, 7, 8, NO, 5, 4, 2, 3, 1, 0 },                                  /* (25) */
/* TC 10: a.>67->xyz */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 },                                   /* (26) */
    { 0, 1, 2, NO, 3, 4, NO, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 },                           /* (27) */
    { 7, 8, 9, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 0 },                                   /* (28) */
/* TC 11: 123JIH */
    { 0, 1, 2, 5, 4, 3 },                                               /* (29) */
    { 5, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                                               /* (30) */
/* TC 12: 123 JIH */
    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 4 },                                            /* (31) */
    { 6, 5, 4, 3, 0, 1, 2 },                                            /* (32) */
};

static const char outIndices[TC_COUNT][MODES_COUNT - 1][OPTIONS_COUNT]
            [LEVELS_COUNT] = {
    { /* TC 0: 123 */
        {{ 0,  0}, { 0,  0}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{ 0,  0}, { 0,  0}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{ 0,  0}, { 0,  0}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{ 0,  0}, { 0,  0}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 1: .123->4.5 */
        {{ 1,  2}, { 1,  2}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{ 1,  2}, { 1,  2}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{ 1,  2}, { 1,  2}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{ 1,  2}, { 1,  2}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 2: 678 */
        {{ 3,  3}, { 3,  3}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{ 3,  3}, { 3,  3}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{ 3,  3}, { 3,  3}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{ 3,  3}, { 3,  3}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 3: .678->8.9 */
        {{ 6,  5}, { 6,  5}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{ 4,  5}, { 4,  5}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{ 6,  5}, { 6,  5}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{ 6,  5}, { 6,  5}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 4: MLK1.2,3JIH */
        {{ 7,  7}, { 7,  7}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{ 7,  7}, { 7,  7}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{ 7,  7}, { 7,  7}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{ 7,  7}, { 7,  7}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 5: FE.>12-> */
        {{ 8,  9}, { 8,  9}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{10,  9}, { 8,  9}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{ 8,  9}, { 8,  9}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{10,  9}, { 8,  9}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 6: JIH.>12->a */
        {{11, 12}, {11, 12}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{13, 14}, {11, 12}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{11, 12}, {11, 12}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{13, 14}, {11, 12}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 7: CBA.>67->89=a */
        {{18, 16}, {18, 16}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{18, 17}, {18, 16}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{18, 16}, {18, 16}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{15, 17}, {18, 16}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 8: CBA.>124->xyz */
        {{19, 20}, {19, 20}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{21, 22}, {19, 20}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{19, 20}, {19, 20}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{21, 22}, {19, 20}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 9: .>12->xyz */
        {{23, 24}, {23, 24}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{23, 25}, {23, 24}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{23, 24}, {23, 24}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{23, 25}, {23, 24}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 10: a.>67->xyz */
        {{26, 26}, {26, 26}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{26, 27}, {26, 28}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{26, 28}, {26, 28}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{26, 27}, {26, 28}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 11: 124JIH */
        {{30, 30}, {30, 30}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{29, 30}, {29, 30}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{30, 30}, {30, 30}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{30, 30}, {30, 30}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    },
    { /* TC 12: 124 JIH */
        {{32, 32}, {32, 32}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
        {{31, 32}, {31, 32}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
        {{31, 32}, {31, 32}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
        {{31, 32}, {31, 32}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
    }
};

static UBool
assertRoundTrip(UBiDi *pBiDi, int32_t tc, int32_t outIndex, const char *srcChars,
                const char *destChars, const UChar *dest, int32_t destLen,
                int mode, int option, UBiDiLevel level) {

    static const char roundtrip[TC_COUNT][MODES_COUNT][OPTIONS_COUNT]
                [LEVELS_COUNT] = {
        { /* TC 0: 123 */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 1: .123->4.5 */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 2: 678 */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 3: .678->8.9 */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 0,  0}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 4: MLK1.2,3JIH */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 5: FE.>12-> */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 0,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 6: JIH.>12->a */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 0,  0}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 7: CBA.>67->89=a */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 0,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 0,  0}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 8: CBA.>123->xyz */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 0,  0}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 9: .>12->xyz */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  0}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 10: a.>67->xyz */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  0}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 11: 123JIH */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        },
        { /* TC 12: 123 JIH */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}, /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL */
            {{ 1,  1}, { 1,  1}}  /* UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L */
        }
    };

    #define SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(mode) \
        ubidi_setReorderingMode(pBiDi, mode); \
        desc = #mode; \
        break;

    UErrorCode rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UChar dest2[MAXLEN];
    int32_t destLen2;
    const char* desc;
    char destChars2[MAXLEN];
    char destChars3[MAXLEN];

    switch (modes[mode].value) {
        case UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL)
        case UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_GROUP_NUMBERS_WITH_R)
        case UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY)
        case UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_DEFAULT)
        case UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_DEFAULT)
        case UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_FOR_NUMBERS_SPECIAL:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_NUMBERS_SPECIAL)
        default:
            SET_ROUND_TRIP_MODE(UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_LIKE_DIRECT)
    }
    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS);

    ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, dest, destLen, level, NULL, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc);
    *dest2 = 0;
    destLen2 = ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, dest2, MAXLEN, UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING,
                                    &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered", &rc);

    u16ToPseudo(destLen, dest, destChars3);
    u16ToPseudo(destLen2, dest2, destChars2);
    checkWhatYouCan(pBiDi, destChars3, destChars2);
    if (strcmp(srcChars, destChars2)) {
        if (roundtrip[tc][mode][option][level]) {
            log_err("\nRound trip failed for case=%d mode=%d option=%d.\n"
                    "%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s"
                    "\n%20s %u\n", tc, mode, option,
                    "Original text:", srcChars,
                    "Round-tripped text:", destChars2,
                    "Intermediate  text:", destChars3,
                    "Reordering mode:", modes[mode].description,
                    "Reordering option:", options[option].description,
                    "Paragraph level:", level);
        }
        else {
            log_verbose("\nExpected round trip failure for case=%d mode=%d option=%d.\n"
                    "%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s"
                    "\n%20s %u\n", tc, mode, option,
                    "Original text:", srcChars,
                    "Round-tripped text:", destChars2,
                    "Intermediate  text:", destChars3,
                    "Reordering mode:", modes[mode].description,
                    "Reordering option:", options[option].description,
                    "Paragraph level:", level);
        }
        return false;
    }
    if (!checkResultLength(pBiDi, destChars, destChars2, destLen2,
                           desc, "UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS", level)) {
        return false;
    }
    if (outIndex > -1 && !checkMaps(pBiDi, outIndex, srcChars, destChars,
                                    desc, "UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS",
                                    level, false)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static UBool
checkResultLength(UBiDi *pBiDi, const char *srcChars, const char *destChars,
                  int32_t destLen, const char* mode,
                  const char* option, UBiDiLevel level) {
    int32_t actualLen;
    if (strcmp(mode, "UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L") == 0)
        actualLen = (int32_t)strlen(destChars);
    else
        actualLen = ubidi_getResultLength(pBiDi);
    if (actualLen != destLen) {
        log_err("\nubidi_getResultLength failed.\n%20s %7d\n%20s %7d\n"
                "%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %u\n",
                "Expected:", destLen, "Actual:", actualLen,
                "Input:", srcChars, "Output:", destChars,
                "Reordering mode:", mode, "Reordering option:", option,
                "Paragraph level:", level);
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static void
testReorderRunsOnly(void) {
    static const struct {
        const char* textIn;
        const char* textOut[2][2];
        const char noroundtrip[2];
    } testCases[] = {
        {"ab 234 896 de", {{"de 896 ab 234", "de 896 ab 234"},                   /*0*/
                           {"ab 234 @896@ de", "de 896 ab 234"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"abcGHI", {{"GHIabc", "GHIabc"}, {"GHIabc", "GHIabc"}}, {0, 0}},        /*1*/
        {"a.>67->", {{"<-67<.a", "<-67<.a"}, {"<-67<.a", "<-67<.a"}}, {0, 0}},   /*2*/
        {"-=%$123/ *", {{"* /%$123=-", "* /%$123=-"},                            /*3*/
                        {"* /%$123=-", "* /%$123=-"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"abc->12..>JKL", {{"JKL<..12<-abc", "JKL<..abc->12"},                   /*4*/
                           {"JKL<..12<-abc", "JKL<..abc->12"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"JKL->12..>abc", {{"abc<..JKL->12", "abc<..12<-JKL"},                   /*5*/
                           {"abc<..JKL->12", "abc<..12<-JKL"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"123->abc", {{"abc<-123", "abc<-123"},                                  /*6*/
                      {"abc&<-123", "abc<-123"}}, {1, 0}},
        {"123->JKL", {{"JKL<-123", "123->JKL"},                                  /*7*/
                      {"JKL<-123", "JKL<-@123"}}, {0, 1}},
        {"*>12.>34->JKL", {{"JKL<-34<.12<*", "12.>34->JKL<*"},                   /*8*/
                           {"JKL<-34<.12<*", "JKL<-@34<.12<*"}}, {0, 1}},
        {"*>67.>89->JKL", {{"67.>89->JKL<*", "67.>89->JKL<*"},                   /*9*/
                           {"67.>89->JKL<*", "67.>89->JKL<*"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"* /abc-=$%123", {{"$%123=-abc/ *", "abc-=$%123/ *"},                   /*10*/
                           {"$%123=-abc/ *", "abc-=$%123/ *"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"* /$%def-=123", {{"123=-def%$/ *", "def-=123%$/ *"},                   /*11*/
                           {"123=-def%$/ *", "def-=123%$/ *"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"-=GHI* /123%$", {{"GHI* /123%$=-", "123%$/ *GHI=-"},                   /*12*/
                           {"GHI* /123%$=-", "123%$/ *GHI=-"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"-=%$JKL* /123", {{"JKL* /%$123=-", "123/ *JKL$%=-"},                   /*13*/
                           {"JKL* /%$123=-", "123/ *JKL$%=-"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"ab =#CD *?450", {{"CD *?450#= ab", "450?* CD#= ab"},                   /*14*/
                           {"CD *?450#= ab", "450?* CD#= ab"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"ab 234 896 de", {{"de 896 ab 234", "de 896 ab 234"},                   /*15*/
                           {"ab 234 @896@ de", "de 896 ab 234"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"abc-=%$LMN* /123", {{"LMN* /%$123=-abc", "123/ *LMN$%=-abc"},          /*16*/
                              {"LMN* /%$123=-abc", "123/ *LMN$%=-abc"}}, {0, 0}},
        {"123->JKL&MN&P", {{"JKLMNP<-123", "123->JKLMNP"},                       /*17*/
                           {"JKLMNP<-123", "JKLMNP<-@123"}}, {0, 1}},
        {"123", {{"123", "123"},                /* just one run */               /*18*/
                 {"123", "123"}}, {0, 0}}
    };
    UBiDi *pBiDi = getBiDiObject();
    UBiDi *pL2VBiDi = getBiDiObject();
    UChar src[MAXLEN], dest[MAXLEN], visual1[MAXLEN], visual2[MAXLEN];
    char destChars[MAXLEN], vis1Chars[MAXLEN], vis2Chars[MAXLEN];
    int32_t srcLen, destLen, vis1Len, vis2Len, option, i, j, nCases, paras;
    UErrorCode rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDiLevel level;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestReorderRunsOnly\n\n");

    if(!pL2VBiDi) {
        ubidi_close(pBiDi);             /* in case this one was allocated */
        return;
    }
    ubidi_setReorderingMode(pBiDi, UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY);
    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pL2VBiDi, UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS);

    for (option = 0; option < 2; option++) {
        ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, option==0 ? UBIDI_OPTION_REMOVE_CONTROLS
                                                    : UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS);
        for (i = 0, nCases = UPRV_LENGTHOF(testCases); i < nCases; i++) {
            srcLen = (int32_t)strlen(testCases[i].textIn);
            pseudoToU16(srcLen, testCases[i].textIn, src);
            for(j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
                log_verbose("Now doing test for option %d, case %d, level %d\n",
                            i, option, j);
                level = paraLevels[j];
                ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, srcLen, level, NULL, &rc);
                assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc);
                *dest = 0;
                destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, dest, MAXLEN, UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
                assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered", &rc);
                u16ToPseudo(destLen, dest, destChars);
                checkWhatYouCan(pBiDi, testCases[i].textIn, destChars);
                assertStringsEqual(testCases[i].textOut[option][level], destChars,
                        testCases[i].textIn, "UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY",
                        option==0 ? "0" : "UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS",
                        pBiDi);

                if((option==0) && testCases[i].noroundtrip[level]) {
                    continue;
                }
                ubidi_setPara(pL2VBiDi, src, srcLen, level, NULL, &rc);
                assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara1", &rc);
                *visual1 = 0;
                vis1Len = ubidi_writeReordered(pL2VBiDi, visual1, MAXLEN, UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
                assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered1", &rc);
                u16ToPseudo(vis1Len, visual1, vis1Chars);
                checkWhatYouCan(pL2VBiDi, testCases[i].textIn, vis1Chars);
                ubidi_setPara(pL2VBiDi, dest, destLen, level^1, NULL, &rc);
                assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara2", &rc);
                *visual2 = 0;
                vis2Len = ubidi_writeReordered(pL2VBiDi, visual2, MAXLEN, UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
                assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered2", &rc);
                u16ToPseudo(vis2Len, visual2, vis2Chars);
                checkWhatYouCan(pL2VBiDi, destChars, vis2Chars);
                assertStringsEqual(vis1Chars, vis2Chars,
                        testCases[i].textIn, "UBIDI_REORDER_RUNS_ONLY (2)",
                        option==0 ? "0" : "UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS",
                        pBiDi);
            }
        }
    }

    /* test with null or empty text */
    ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, 0, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara3", &rc);
    paras = ubidi_countParagraphs(pBiDi);
    if (paras != 0) {
        log_err("\nInvalid number of paras (should be 0): %d\n", paras);
    }

    ubidi_close(pBiDi);
    ubidi_close(pL2VBiDi);

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestReorderRunsOnly\n\n");
}

static void
testReorderingMode(void) {

    UChar src[MAXLEN], dest[MAXLEN];
    char destChars[MAXLEN];
    UBiDi *pBiDi = NULL, *pBiDi2 = NULL, *pBiDi3 = NULL;
    UErrorCode rc;
    int tc, mode, option, level;
    uint32_t optionValue, optionBack;
    UBiDiReorderingMode modeValue, modeBack;
    int32_t srcLen, destLen, idx;
    const char *expectedChars;
    UBool testOK = true;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestReorderingMode\n\n");

    pBiDi = getBiDiObject();
    pBiDi2 = getBiDiObject();
    pBiDi3 = getBiDiObject();
    if(!pBiDi3) {
        ubidi_close(pBiDi);             /* in case this one was allocated */
        ubidi_close(pBiDi2);            /* in case this one was allocated */
        return;
    }

    ubidi_setInverse(pBiDi2, true);

    for (tc = 0; tc < TC_COUNT; tc++) {
        const char *srcChars = textIn[tc];
        srcLen = (int32_t)strlen(srcChars);
        pseudoToU16(srcLen, srcChars, src);

        for (mode = 0; mode < MODES_COUNT; mode++) {
            modeValue = modes[mode].value;
            ubidi_setReorderingMode(pBiDi, modeValue);
            modeBack = ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi);
            if (modeValue != modeBack) {
                log_err("Error while setting reordering mode to %d, returned %d\n",
                        modeValue, modeBack);
            }

            for (option = 0; option < OPTIONS_COUNT; option++) {
                optionValue = options[option].value;
                ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, optionValue);
                optionBack = ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi);
                if (optionValue != optionBack) {
                    log_err("Error while setting reordering option to %d, returned %d\n",
                            optionValue, optionBack);
                }

                for (level = 0; level < LEVELS_COUNT; level++) {
                    log_verbose("starting test %d mode=%d option=%d level=%d\n",
                                tc, modes[mode].value, options[option].value, level);
                    rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
                    ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, srcLen, paraLevels[level], NULL, &rc);
                    assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc);

                    *dest = 0;
                    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, dest, MAXLEN,
                                                   UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
                    assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered", &rc);
                    u16ToPseudo(destLen, dest, destChars);
                    if (!((modes[mode].value == UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L) &&
                          (options[option].value == UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS))) {
                        checkWhatYouCan(pBiDi, srcChars, destChars);
                    }

                    if (modes[mode].value == UBIDI_REORDER_INVERSE_NUMBERS_AS_L) {
                        idx = -1;
                        expectedChars = inverseBasic(pBiDi2, srcChars, srcLen,
                                options[option].value, paraLevels[level], destChars);
                    }
                    else {
                        idx = outIndices[tc][mode][option][level];
                        expectedChars = textOut[idx];
                    }
                    if (!assertStringsEqual(expectedChars, destChars, srcChars,
                                modes[mode].description,
                                options[option].description,
                                pBiDi)) {
                        testOK = false;
                    }
                    if (options[option].value == UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS &&
                             !assertRoundTrip(pBiDi3, tc, idx, srcChars,
                                              destChars, dest, destLen,
                                              mode, option, paraLevels[level])) {
                        testOK = false;
                    }
                    else if (!checkResultLength(pBiDi, srcChars, destChars,
                                destLen, modes[mode].description,
                                options[option].description,
                                paraLevels[level])) {
                        testOK = false;
                    }
                    else if (idx > -1 && !checkMaps(pBiDi, idx, srcChars,
                            destChars, modes[mode].description,
                            options[option].description, paraLevels[level],
                            true)) {
                        testOK = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (testOK == true) {
        log_verbose("\nReordering mode test OK\n");
    }
    ubidi_close(pBiDi3);
    ubidi_close(pBiDi2);
    ubidi_close(pBiDi);

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestReorderingMode\n\n");
}

static const char* inverseBasic(UBiDi *pBiDi, const char *srcChars, int32_t srcLen,
                                uint32_t option, UBiDiLevel level, char *result) {
    UErrorCode rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t destLen;
    UChar src[MAXLEN], dest2[MAXLEN];

    if (pBiDi == NULL || srcChars == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, option);
    pseudoToU16(srcLen, srcChars, src);
    ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, srcLen, level, NULL, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc);

    *dest2 = 0;
    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, dest2, MAXLEN,
                                   UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered", &rc);
    u16ToPseudo(destLen, dest2, result);
    if (!(option == UBIDI_OPTION_INSERT_MARKS)) {
        checkWhatYouCan(pBiDi, srcChars, result);
    }
    return result;
}

#define NULL_CHAR '\0'

static void
testStreaming(void) {
#define MAXPORTIONS 10

    static const struct {
        const char* textIn;
        short int chunk;
        short int nPortions[2];
        char  portionLens[2][MAXPORTIONS];
        const char* message[2];
    } testData[] = {
        {   "123\\u000A"
            "abc45\\u000D"
            "67890\\u000A"
            "\\u000D"
            "02468\\u000D"
            "ghi",
            6, { 6, 6 }, {{ 4, 6, 6, 1, 6, 3}, { 4, 6, 6, 1, 6, 3 }},
            {"4, 6, 6, 1, 6, 3", "4, 6, 6, 1, 6, 3"}
        },
        {   "abcd\\u000Afgh\\u000D12345\\u000A456",
            6, { 4, 4 }, {{ 5, 4, 6, 3 }, { 5, 4, 6, 3 }},
            {"5, 4, 6, 3", "5, 4, 6, 3"}
        },
        {   "abcd\\u000Afgh\\u000D12345\\u000A45\\u000D",
            6, { 4, 4 }, {{ 5, 4, 6, 3 }, { 5, 4, 6, 3 }},
            {"5, 4, 6, 3", "5, 4, 6, 3"}
        },
        {   "abcde\\u000Afghi",
            10, { 2, 2 }, {{ 6, 4 }, { 6, 4 }},
            {"6, 4", "6, 4"}
        }
    };
    UChar src[MAXLEN];
    UBiDi *pBiDi = NULL;
    UChar *pSrc;
    UErrorCode rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    int32_t srcLen, processedLen, chunk, len, nPortions;
    int i, j, levelIndex;
    UBiDiLevel level;
    int nTests = UPRV_LENGTHOF(testData), nLevels = UPRV_LENGTHOF(paraLevels);
    UBool mismatch, testOK = true;
   char processedLenStr[MAXPORTIONS * 5];

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestStreaming\n\n");

    pBiDi = getBiDiObject();

    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(pBiDi, true);

    for (levelIndex = 0; levelIndex < nLevels; levelIndex++) {
        for (i = 0; i < nTests; i++) {
            srcLen = u_unescape(testData[i].textIn, src, MAXLEN);
            chunk = testData[i].chunk;
            nPortions = testData[i].nPortions[levelIndex];
            level = paraLevels[levelIndex];
            processedLenStr[0] = NULL_CHAR;
            log_verbose("Testing level %d, case %d\n", level, i);

            mismatch = false;

            ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, UBIDI_OPTION_STREAMING);
            for (j = 0, pSrc = src; j < MAXPORTIONS && srcLen > 0; j++) {

                len = chunk < srcLen ? chunk : srcLen;
                ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, pSrc, len, level, NULL, &rc);
                if (!assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc)) {
                    break;
                }

                processedLen = ubidi_getProcessedLength(pBiDi);
                if (processedLen == 0) {
                    ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, UBIDI_OPTION_DEFAULT);
                    j--;
                    continue;
                }
                ubidi_setReorderingOptions(pBiDi, UBIDI_OPTION_STREAMING);

                mismatch |= (UBool)(j >= nPortions ||
                           processedLen != testData[i].portionLens[levelIndex][j]);

                snprintf(processedLenStr + j * 4, sizeof(processedLenStr) - j * 4, "%4d", processedLen);
                srcLen -= processedLen, pSrc += processedLen;
            }

            if (mismatch || j != nPortions) {
                testOK = false;
                log_err("\nProcessed lengths mismatch.\n"
                    "\tParagraph level: %u\n"
                    "\tInput string: %s\n"
                    "\tActually processed portion lengths: { %s }\n"
                    "\tExpected portion lengths          : { %s }\n",
                    paraLevels[levelIndex], testData[i].textIn,
                    processedLenStr, testData[i].message[levelIndex]);
            }
        }
    }
    ubidi_close(pBiDi);
    if (testOK == true) {
        log_verbose("\nBiDi streaming test OK\n");
    }
    log_verbose("\nExiting TestStreaming\n\n");
}

U_CDECL_BEGIN

static UCharDirection U_CALLCONV
overrideBidiClass(const void *context, UChar32 c) {

#define DEF U_BIDI_CLASS_DEFAULT

    static const UCharDirection customClasses[] = {
       /* 0/8    1/9    2/A    3/B    4/C    5/D    6/E    7/F  */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 00-07 */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 08-0F */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 10-17 */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 18-1F */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,     R,   DEF, /* 20-27 */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 28-2F */
           EN,    EN,    EN,    EN,    EN,    EN,    AN,    AN, /* 30-37 */
           AN,    AN,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 38-3F */
            L,    AL,    AL,    AL,    AL,    AL,    AL,     R, /* 40-47 */
            R,     R,     R,     R,     R,     R,     R,     R, /* 48-4F */
            R,     R,     R,     R,     R,     R,     R,     R, /* 50-57 */
            R,     R,     R,   LRE,   DEF,   RLE,   PDF,     S, /* 58-5F */
          NSM,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 60-67 */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 68-6F */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   DEF, /* 70-77 */
          DEF,   DEF,   DEF,   LRO,     B,   RLO,    BN,   DEF  /* 78-7F */
    };
    static const int nEntries = UPRV_LENGTHOF(customClasses);
    (void)context;        /* just to avoid a compiler warning */

    return c >= nEntries ? U_BIDI_CLASS_DEFAULT : customClasses[c];
}

U_CDECL_END

static void verifyCallbackParams(UBiDiClassCallback* fn, const void* context,
                                 UBiDiClassCallback* expectedFn,
                                 const void* expectedContext,
                                 int32_t sizeOfContext) {
    if (fn != expectedFn) {
        log_err("Class callback pointer is not set properly.\n");
    }
    if (context != expectedContext) {
        log_err("Class callback context is not set properly.\n");
    }
    else if (context != NULL &&
            memcmp(context, expectedContext, sizeOfContext)) {
        log_err("Callback context content doesn't match the expected one.\n");
    }
}

static void
testClassOverride(void) {
    static const char* const textSrc  = "JIH.>12->a \\u05D0\\u05D1 6 ABC78";
    static const char* const textResult = "12<.HIJ->a 78CBA 6 \\u05D1\\u05D0";

    UChar src[MAXLEN], dest[MAXLEN];
    UErrorCode rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi *pBiDi = NULL;
    UBiDiClassCallback* oldFn = NULL;
    UBiDiClassCallback* newFn = overrideBidiClass;
    const void* oldContext = NULL;
    int32_t srcLen, destLen, textSrcSize = (int32_t)uprv_strlen(textSrc);
    char* destChars = NULL;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestClassOverride\n\n");

    pBiDi = getBiDiObject();
    if(!pBiDi) {
        return;
    }

    ubidi_getClassCallback(pBiDi, &oldFn, &oldContext);
    verifyCallbackParams(oldFn, oldContext, NULL, NULL, 0);

    ubidi_setClassCallback(pBiDi, newFn, textSrc, &oldFn, &oldContext, &rc);
    if (!assertSuccessful("ubidi_setClassCallback", &rc)) {
        ubidi_close(pBiDi);
        return;
    }
    // Quick callback test (API coverage).
    if (ubidi_getCustomizedClass(pBiDi, u'A')!=AL ||
            ubidi_getCustomizedClass(pBiDi, u'H')!=R ||
            ubidi_getCustomizedClass(pBiDi, u'^')!=PDF ||
            ubidi_getCustomizedClass(pBiDi, u'~')!=BN) {
        log_err("ubidi_getCustomizedClass() returns different values than "
                "expected from overrideBidiClass() customClasses[]\n");
    }

    verifyCallbackParams(oldFn, oldContext, NULL, NULL, 0);

    ubidi_getClassCallback(pBiDi, &oldFn, &oldContext);
    verifyCallbackParams(oldFn, oldContext, newFn, textSrc, textSrcSize);

    ubidi_setClassCallback(pBiDi, newFn, textSrc, &oldFn, &oldContext, &rc);
    if (!assertSuccessful("ubidi_setClassCallback", &rc)) {
        ubidi_close(pBiDi);
        return;
    }
    verifyCallbackParams(oldFn, oldContext, newFn, textSrc, textSrcSize);

    srcLen = u_unescape(textSrc, src, MAXLEN);
    ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, srcLen, UBIDI_LTR, NULL, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc);

    destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, dest, MAXLEN,
                                   UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered", &rc);

    destChars = aescstrdup(dest, destLen);
    if (uprv_strcmp(textResult, destChars)) {
        log_err("\nActual and expected output mismatch.\n"
            "%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n",
            "Input:", textSrc, "Actual output:", destChars,
            "Expected output:", textResult);
    }
    else {
        log_verbose("\nClass override test OK\n");
    }
    ubidi_close(pBiDi);
    log_verbose("\nExiting TestClassOverride\n\n");
}

static char * formatMap(const int32_t * map, int len, char * buffer)
{
    int32_t i, k;
    char c;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        k = map[i];
        if (k < 0)
            c = '-';
        else if (k >= (int32_t)sizeof(columns))
            c = '+';
        else
            c = columns[k];
        buffer[i] = c;
    }
    buffer[len] = '\0';
    return buffer;
}

static UBool
checkMaps(UBiDi *pBiDi, int32_t stringIndex, const char *src, const char *dest,
          const char *mode, const char* option, UBiDiLevel level, UBool forward)
{
    int32_t actualLogicalMap[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
    int32_t actualVisualMap[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
    int32_t getIndexMap[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
    int32_t i, srcLen, resLen, idx;
    const int32_t *expectedLogicalMap, *expectedVisualMap;
    UErrorCode rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBool testOK = true;

    if (forward) {
        expectedLogicalMap = forwardMap[stringIndex];
        expectedVisualMap  = inverseMap[stringIndex];
    }
    else {
        expectedLogicalMap = inverseMap[stringIndex];
        expectedVisualMap  = forwardMap[stringIndex];
    }
    ubidi_getLogicalMap(pBiDi, actualLogicalMap, &rc);
    if (!assertSuccessful("ubidi_getLogicalMap", &rc)) {
        testOK = false;
    }
    srcLen = ubidi_getProcessedLength(pBiDi);
    if (memcmp(expectedLogicalMap, actualLogicalMap, srcLen * sizeof(int32_t))) {
        char expChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        char actChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        log_err("\nubidi_getLogicalMap() returns unexpected map for output string "
                "index %d\n"
                "source: %s\n"
                "dest  : %s\n"
                "Scale : %s\n"
                "ExpMap: %s\n"
                "Actual: %s\n"
                "Paragraph level  : %d == %d\n"
                "Reordering mode  : %s == %d\n"
                "Reordering option: %s == %d\n"
                "Forward flag     : %d\n",
                stringIndex, src, dest, columns,
                formatMap(expectedLogicalMap, srcLen, expChars),
                formatMap(actualLogicalMap, srcLen, actChars),
                level, ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi),
                mode, ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi),
                option, ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi),
                forward
                );
        testOK = false;
    }
    resLen = ubidi_getResultLength(pBiDi);
    ubidi_getVisualMap(pBiDi, actualVisualMap, &rc);
    assertSuccessful("ubidi_getVisualMap", &rc);
    if (memcmp(expectedVisualMap, actualVisualMap, resLen * sizeof(int32_t))) {
        char expChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        char actChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        log_err("\nubidi_getVisualMap() returns unexpected map for output string "
                "index %d\n"
                "source: %s\n"
                "dest  : %s\n"
                "Scale : %s\n"
                "ExpMap: %s\n"
                "Actual: %s\n"
                "Paragraph level  : %d == %d\n"
                "Reordering mode  : %s == %d\n"
                "Reordering option: %s == %d\n"
                "Forward flag     : %d\n",
                stringIndex, src, dest, columns,
                formatMap(expectedVisualMap, resLen, expChars),
                formatMap(actualVisualMap, resLen, actChars),
                level, ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi),
                mode, ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi),
                option, ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi),
                forward
                );
        testOK = false;
    }
    memset(getIndexMap, 0, sizeof(getIndexMap));
    for (i = 0; i < srcLen; i++) {
        idx = ubidi_getVisualIndex(pBiDi, i, &rc);
        assertSuccessful("ubidi_getVisualIndex", &rc);
        getIndexMap[i] = idx;
    }
    if (memcmp(actualLogicalMap, getIndexMap, srcLen * sizeof(int32_t))) {
        char actChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        char gotChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        log_err("\nMismatch between ubidi_getLogicalMap and ubidi_getVisualIndex for output string "
                "index %d\n"
                "source: %s\n"
                "dest  : %s\n"
                "Scale : %s\n"
                "ActMap: %s\n"
                "IdxMap: %s\n"
                "Paragraph level  : %d == %d\n"
                "Reordering mode  : %s == %d\n"
                "Reordering option: %s == %d\n"
                "Forward flag     : %d\n",
                stringIndex, src, dest, columns,
                formatMap(actualLogicalMap, srcLen, actChars),
                formatMap(getIndexMap, srcLen, gotChars),
                level, ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi),
                mode, ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi),
                option, ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi),
                forward
                );
        testOK = false;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < resLen; i++) {
        idx = ubidi_getLogicalIndex(pBiDi, i, &rc);
        assertSuccessful("ubidi_getLogicalIndex", &rc);
        getIndexMap[i] = idx;
    }
    if (memcmp(actualVisualMap, getIndexMap, resLen * sizeof(int32_t))) {
        char actChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        char gotChars[MAX_MAP_LENGTH];
        log_err("\nMismatch between ubidi_getVisualMap and ubidi_getLogicalIndex for output string "
                "index %d\n"
                "source: %s\n"
                "dest  : %s\n"
                "Scale : %s\n"
                "ActMap: %s\n"
                "IdxMap: %s\n"
                "Paragraph level  : %d == %d\n"
                "Reordering mode  : %s == %d\n"
                "Reordering option: %s == %d\n"
                "Forward flag     : %d\n",
                stringIndex, src, dest, columns,
                formatMap(actualVisualMap, resLen, actChars),
                formatMap(getIndexMap, resLen, gotChars),
                level, ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi),
                mode, ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi),
                option, ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi),
                forward
                );
        testOK = false;
    }
    return testOK;
}

static UBool
assertIllegalArgument(const char* message, UErrorCode* rc) {
    if (*rc != U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR) {
        log_err("%s() failed with error %s.\n", message, myErrorName(*rc));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

typedef struct {
    const char* prologue;
    const char* source;
    const char* epilogue;
    const char* expected;
    UBiDiLevel paraLevel;
} contextCase;

static const contextCase contextData[] = {
    /*00*/  {"", "", "", "", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*01*/  {"", ".-=JKL-+*", "", ".-=LKJ-+*", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*02*/  {" ", ".-=JKL-+*", " ", ".-=LKJ-+*", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*03*/  {"a", ".-=JKL-+*", "b", ".-=LKJ-+*", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*04*/  {"D", ".-=JKL-+*", "", "LKJ=-.-+*", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*05*/  {"", ".-=JKL-+*", " D", ".-=*+-LKJ", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*06*/  {"", ".-=JKL-+*", " 2", ".-=*+-LKJ", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*07*/  {"", ".-=JKL-+*", " 7", ".-=*+-LKJ", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*08*/  {" G 1", ".-=JKL-+*", " H", "*+-LKJ=-.", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*09*/  {"7", ".-=JKL-+*", " H", ".-=*+-LKJ", UBIDI_LTR},
    /*10*/  {"", ".-=abc-+*", "", "*+-abc=-.", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*11*/  {" ", ".-=abc-+*", " ", "*+-abc=-.", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*12*/  {"D", ".-=abc-+*", "G", "*+-abc=-.", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*13*/  {"x", ".-=abc-+*", "", "*+-.-=abc", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*14*/  {"", ".-=abc-+*", " y", "abc-+*=-.", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*15*/  {"", ".-=abc-+*", " 2", "abc-+*=-.", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*16*/  {" x 1", ".-=abc-+*", " 2", ".-=abc-+*", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*17*/  {" x 7", ".-=abc-+*", " 8", "*+-.-=abc", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*18*/  {"x|", ".-=abc-+*", " 8", "*+-abc=-.", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*19*/  {"G|y", ".-=abc-+*", " 8", "*+-.-=abc", UBIDI_RTL},
    /*20*/  {"", ".-=", "", ".-=", UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR},
    /*21*/  {"D", ".-=", "", "=-.", UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR},
    /*22*/  {"G", ".-=", "", "=-.", UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR},
    /*23*/  {"xG", ".-=", "", ".-=", UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR},
    /*24*/  {"x|G", ".-=", "", "=-.", UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR},
    /*25*/  {"x|G", ".-=|-+*", "", "=-.|-+*", UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR},
};
#define CONTEXT_COUNT       UPRV_LENGTHOF(contextData)

static void
testContext(void) {

    UChar prologue[MAXLEN], epilogue[MAXLEN], src[MAXLEN], dest[MAXLEN];
    char destChars[MAXLEN];
    UBiDi *pBiDi = NULL;
    UErrorCode rc;
    int32_t proLength, epiLength, srcLen, destLen, tc;
    contextCase cc;
    UBool testOK = true;

    log_verbose("\nEntering TestContext \n\n");

    /* test null BiDi object */
    rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, &rc);
    testOK &= assertIllegalArgument("Error when BiDi object is null", &rc);

    pBiDi = getBiDiObject();
    ubidi_orderParagraphsLTR(pBiDi, true);

    /* test proLength < -1 */
    rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, NULL, -2, NULL, 0, &rc);
    testOK &= assertIllegalArgument("Error when proLength < -1", &rc);
    /* test epiLength < -1 */
    rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, NULL, 0, NULL, -2, &rc);
    testOK &= assertIllegalArgument("Error when epiLength < -1", &rc);
    /* test prologue == NULL */
    rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, NULL, 3, NULL, 0, &rc);
    testOK &= assertIllegalArgument("Prologue is NULL", &rc);
    /* test epilogue == NULL */
    rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, NULL, 0, NULL, 4, &rc);
    testOK &= assertIllegalArgument("Epilogue is NULL", &rc);

    for (tc = 0; tc < CONTEXT_COUNT; tc++) {
        cc = contextData[tc];
        proLength = (int32_t)strlen(cc.prologue);
        pseudoToU16(proLength, cc.prologue, prologue);
        epiLength = (int32_t)strlen(cc.epilogue);
        pseudoToU16(epiLength, cc.epilogue, epilogue);
        /* in the call below, prologue and epilogue are swapped to show
           that the next call will override this call */
        rc = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, epilogue, epiLength, prologue, proLength, &rc);
        testOK &= assertSuccessful("swapped ubidi_setContext", &rc);
        ubidi_setContext(pBiDi, prologue, -1, epilogue, -1, &rc);
        testOK &= assertSuccessful("regular ubidi_setContext", &rc);
        srcLen = (int32_t)strlen(cc.source);
        pseudoToU16(srcLen, cc.source, src);
        ubidi_setPara(pBiDi, src, srcLen, cc.paraLevel, NULL, &rc);
        testOK &= assertSuccessful("ubidi_setPara", &rc);
        destLen = ubidi_writeReordered(pBiDi, dest, MAXLEN, UBIDI_DO_MIRRORING, &rc);
        assertSuccessful("ubidi_writeReordered", &rc);
        u16ToPseudo(destLen, dest, destChars);
        if (uprv_strcmp(cc.expected, destChars)) {
            char formatChars[MAXLEN];
            log_err("\nActual and expected output mismatch on case %d.\n"
                "%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %s\n%20s %d\n%20s %u\n%20s %d\n",
                tc,
                "Prologue:", cc.prologue,
                "Input:", cc.source,
                "Epilogue:", cc.epilogue,
                "Expected output:", cc.expected,
                "Actual output:", destChars,
                "Levels:", formatLevels(pBiDi, formatChars),
                "Reordering mode:", ubidi_getReorderingMode(pBiDi),
                "Paragraph level:", ubidi_getParaLevel(pBiDi),
                "Reordering option:", ubidi_getReorderingOptions(pBiDi));
            testOK = false;
        }
    }
    if (testOK == true) {
        log_verbose("\nContext test OK\n");
    }
    ubidi_close(pBiDi);

    log_verbose("\nExiting TestContext \n\n");
}

/* Ticket#11054 ubidi_setPara crash with heavily nested brackets */
static void
testBracketOverflow(void) {
    static const char* TEXT = "(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((a)(A)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))";
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi* bidi;
    UChar src[100];
    int32_t len;

    bidi = ubidi_open();
    len = (int32_t)uprv_strlen(TEXT);
    pseudoToU16(len, TEXT, src);
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, src, len, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR , NULL, &status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
        log_err("setPara failed with heavily nested brackets - %s", u_errorName(status));
    }

    ubidi_close(bidi);
}

/* ICU-22768 */
static void
testUBidiWriteReorderedBufferOverflow (void) {
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi* bidi;
    bidi = ubidi_open();
    ubidi_setInverse(bidi, true);
    static const UChar text[1] = { 0x2067 };
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, text, 1, UBIDI_DEFAULT_RTL, NULL, &status);
    UChar dest[MAXLEN];
    uint16_t opt = UBIDI_REMOVE_BIDI_CONTROLS |
        UBIDI_INSERT_LRM_FOR_NUMERIC |
        UBIDI_OUTPUT_REVERSE;
    ubidi_writeReordered(bidi, dest, MAXLEN, opt, &status);
    ubidi_close(bidi);
}

static void TestExplicitLevel0(void) {
    // The following used to fail with an error, see ICU ticket #12922.
    static const UChar text[2] = { 0x202d, 0x05d0 };
    static UBiDiLevel embeddings[2] = { 0, 0 };
    UErrorCode errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    UBiDi *bidi = ubidi_open();
    ubidi_setPara(bidi, text, 2, UBIDI_DEFAULT_LTR , embeddings, &errorCode);
    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) {
        log_err("ubidi_setPara() - %s", u_errorName(errorCode));
    } else {
        UBiDiLevel level0 = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidi, 0);
        UBiDiLevel level1 = ubidi_getLevelAt(bidi, 1);
        if (level0 != 1 || level1 != 1) {
            log_err("resolved levels != 1: { %d, %d }\n", level0, level1);
        }
        if (embeddings[0] != 1 || embeddings[1] != 1) {
            log_err("modified embeddings[] levels != 1: { %d, %d }\n", embeddings[0], embeddings[1]);
        }
    }
    ubidi_close(bidi);
}