diff --git a/shared/js/background/background.js b/shared/js/background/background.js
index 8bdc5bc6a..eda6b256d 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/background.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/background.js
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ import RemoteConfig from './components/remote-config';
 import initDebugBuild from './devbuild';
 import initReloader from './devbuild-reloader';
 import tabManager from './tab-manager';
-import AbnExperimentMetrics, { AppUseMetric, PixelMetric, SearchMetric } from './components/abn-experiments';
+import AbnExperimentMetrics from './components/abn-experiments';
+import MessageRouter from './components/message-router';
+import { AppUseMetric, SearchMetric, DashboardUseMetric, RefreshMetric } from './metrics';
 // NOTE: this needs to be the first thing that's require()d when the extension loads.
 // otherwise FF might miss the onInstalled event
 require('./events');
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ const devtools = new Devtools({ tds });
  *  trackers: TrackersGlobal;
  *  remoteConfig: RemoteConfig;
  *  abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics?;
+ *  messaging: MessageRouter;
  * }}
  */
 const components = {
@@ -74,11 +77,20 @@ const components = {
     devtools,
     remoteConfig,
     abnMetrics,
+    messaging: new MessageRouter({ tabManager }),
 };
 
 // Chrome-only components
 if (BUILD_TARGET === 'chrome' || BUILD_TARGET === 'chrome-mv2') {
-    components.metrics = [new AppUseMetric({ abnMetrics }), new SearchMetric({ abnMetrics }), new PixelMetric({ abnMetrics })];
+    components.metrics = [
+        new AppUseMetric({ abnMetrics }),
+        new SearchMetric({ abnMetrics }),
+        new DashboardUseMetric({ abnMetrics, messaging: components.messaging }),
+        new RefreshMetric({
+            abnMetrics,
+            tabTracking: components.tabTracking,
+        }),
+    ];
     components.fireButton = new FireButton({ settings, tabManager });
 }
 // MV3-only components
diff --git a/shared/js/background/before-request.js b/shared/js/background/before-request.js
index d53bb8326..40d40883e 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/before-request.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/before-request.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import browser from 'webextension-polyfill';
 import EventEmitter2 from 'eventemitter2';
 import ATB from './atb';
-import { postPopupMessage } from './popupMessaging';
+import { postPopupMessage } from './popup-messaging';
 
 const utils = require('./utils');
 const trackers = require('./trackers');
diff --git a/shared/js/background/companies.js b/shared/js/background/companies.js
index d7a58cf84..557f62b4e 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/companies.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/companies.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 const TopBlocked = require('./classes/top-blocked');
 const Company = require('./classes/company');
 const browserWrapper = require('./wrapper');
-const { postPopupMessage } = require('./popupMessaging');
+const { postPopupMessage } = require('./popup-messaging');
 
 const Companies = (() => {
     let companyContainer = {};
diff --git a/shared/js/background/components/abn-experiments.js b/shared/js/background/components/abn-experiments.js
index 4c3b9c42b..ddb3f4523 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/components/abn-experiments.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/components/abn-experiments.js
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
  *  sent: boolean;
  * } & ExperimentMetric} ExperimentMetricCounter
  */
-import browser from 'webextension-polyfill';
 import { sendPixelRequest } from '../pixels';
 
 /**
@@ -47,69 +46,6 @@ export function generateRetentionMetrics() {
     });
 }
 
-export class AppUseMetric {
-    /**
-     * Metric that fires once on creation.
-     * @param {{
-     * abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics
-     * }} opts
-     */
-    constructor({ abnMetrics }) {
-        // trigger on construction: happens whenever the service worker is spun up, which should correlate with browser activity.
-        abnMetrics.remoteConfig.ready.then(() => abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('app_use'));
-    }
-}
-
-export class SearchMetric {
-    /**
-     * Metric that fires whenever a new search is made
-     * @param {{
-     * abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics
-     * }} opts
-     */
-    constructor({ abnMetrics }) {
-        browser.webRequest.onCompleted.addListener(
-            async (details) => {
-                const params = new URL(details.url).searchParams;
-                if (params.get('q')?.length) {
-                    await abnMetrics.remoteConfig.ready;
-                    abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('search');
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                urls: ['https://*.duckduckgo.com/*'],
-                types: ['main_frame'],
-            },
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-export class PixelMetric {
-    /**
-     * Metric that observes outgoing pixel calls and routes a subset of them as experiment metrics.
-     * Currently intercepts `epbf` pixels and triggers a `brokenSiteReport` metric.
-     * @param {{
-     * abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics
-     * }} opts
-     */
-    constructor({ abnMetrics }) {
-        browser.webRequest.onCompleted.addListener(
-            async (details) => {
-                await abnMetrics.remoteConfig.ready;
-                const url = new URL(details.url);
-                if (url.pathname.startsWith('/t/epbf_')) {
-                    // broken site report
-                    abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('brokenSiteReport');
-                }
-            },
-            {
-                urls: ['https://improving.duckduckgo.com/t/*'],
-                tabId: -1,
-            },
-        );
-    }
-}
-
 /**
  * A/B/N testing framework: metrics.
  *
diff --git a/shared/js/background/components/message-router.js b/shared/js/background/components/message-router.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..717d92c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/js/background/components/message-router.js
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import browser from 'webextension-polyfill';
+
+import messageHandlers from '../message-handlers';
+import { getExtensionId } from '../wrapper';
+import { getBrowserName } from '../utils';
+import { getActivePort, setActivePort } from '../popup-messaging';
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {import('webextension-polyfill').Runtime.Port} Port
+ * @typedef {import('@duckduckgo/privacy-dashboard/schema/__generated__/schema.types').IncomingExtensionMessage} OutgoingPopupMessage
+ */
+
+export class MessageReceivedEvent extends CustomEvent {
+    constructor(msg) {
+        super('messageReceived', { detail: msg });
+    }
+
+    get messageType() {
+        return this.detail.messageType;
+    }
+}
+
+export default class MessageRouter extends EventTarget {
+    constructor({ tabManager }) {
+        super();
+        const browserName = getBrowserName();
+        // Handle popup UI (aka privacy dashboard) messaging.
+        browser.runtime.onConnect.addListener((port) => {
+            if (port.name === 'privacy-dashboard') {
+                this.popupConnectionOpened(port);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Handle any messages that come from content/UI scripts
+        browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener((req, sender) => {
+            if (sender.id !== getExtensionId()) return;
+
+            // TODO clean up message passing
+            const legacyMessageTypes = [
+                'addUserData',
+                'getUserData',
+                'removeUserData',
+                'getEmailProtectionCapabilities',
+                'getAddresses',
+                'refreshAlias',
+                'debuggerMessage',
+            ];
+            for (const legacyMessageType of legacyMessageTypes) {
+                if (legacyMessageType in req) {
+                    req.messageType = legacyMessageType;
+                    req.options = req[legacyMessageType];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (req.registeredTempAutofillContentScript) {
+                req.messageType = 'registeredContentScript';
+            }
+
+            if (req.messageType && req.messageType in messageHandlers) {
+                this.dispatchEvent(new MessageReceivedEvent(req));
+                return Promise.resolve(messageHandlers[req.messageType](req.options, sender, req));
+            }
+
+            // Count refreshes per page
+            if (req.pageReloaded && sender.tab !== undefined) {
+                const tab = tabManager.get({ tabId: sender.tab.id });
+                if (tab) {
+                    tab.userRefreshCount += 1;
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // TODO clean up legacy onboarding messaging
+            if (browserName === 'chrome') {
+                if (req === 'healthCheckRequest' || req === 'rescheduleCounterMessagingRequest') {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            console.error('Unrecognized message to background:', req, sender);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set up the messaging connection with the popup UI.
+     *
+     * Note: If the ServiceWorker dies while there is an open connection, the popup
+     *       will take care of re-opening the connection.
+     *
+     * @param {Port} port
+     */
+    popupConnectionOpened(port) {
+        setActivePort(port);
+        port.onDisconnect.addListener(() => {
+            if (getActivePort() === port) {
+                setActivePort(null);
+            }
+        });
+
+        port.onMessage.addListener(async (message) => {
+            const messageType = message?.messageType;
+
+            if (!messageType || !(messageType in messageHandlers)) {
+                console.error('Unrecognized message (privacy-dashboard -> background):', message);
+                return;
+            }
+            this.dispatchEvent(new MessageReceivedEvent(message));
+
+            const response = await messageHandlers[messageType](message?.options, port, message);
+            if (typeof message?.id === 'number') {
+                port.postMessage({
+                    id: message.id,
+                    messageType: 'response',
+                    options: response,
+                });
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/shared/js/background/components/tab-tracking.js b/shared/js/background/components/tab-tracking.js
index e11a2ed1f..e35c8b527 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/components/tab-tracking.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/components/tab-tracking.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { isRedirect } from '../utils';
  * @typedef {import('../tab-manager.js')} TabManager
  */
 
-export default class TabTracker {
+export default class TabTracker extends EventTarget {
     /**
      * @param {{
      *  tabManager: TabManager;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export default class TabTracker {
      * }} options
      */
     constructor({ tabManager, devtools }) {
+        super();
         this.tabManager = tabManager;
         this.createdTargets = new Map();
 
@@ -68,6 +69,9 @@ export default class TabTracker {
 
             const currentTab = tabManager.get({ tabId: details.tabId });
             const newTab = tabManager.create({ tabId: details.tabId, url: details.url });
+            if (currentTab && currentTab.site.url === details.url) {
+                this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tabRefresh', { detail: details }));
+            }
 
             if (BUILD_TARGET === 'chrome') {
                 // Ensure that the correct declarativeNetRequest allowing rules are
diff --git a/shared/js/background/components/tds.js b/shared/js/background/components/tds.js
index 2e75ff79e..3720e9028 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/components/tds.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/components/tds.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import ResourceLoader from './resource-loader.js';
 import constants from '../../../data/constants';
 import { generateRetentionMetrics } from './abn-experiments.js';
+import { generateBreakageMetrics } from '../metrics.js';
 
 /**
  * @typedef {import('../settings.js')} Settings
@@ -41,7 +42,9 @@ export default class TDSStorage {
             },
             { settings },
         );
-        this.remoteConfig.onUpdate(this.checkShouldOverrideTDS.bind(this));
+        this.remoteConfig.onUpdate(() => {
+            setTimeout(this.checkShouldOverrideTDS.bind(this), 1);
+        });
     }
 
     ready() {
@@ -79,12 +82,7 @@ export default class TDSStorage {
             }
             this.abnMetrics.markExperimentEnrolled(CONTENT_BLOCKING, subFeatureName, [
                 ...generateRetentionMetrics(),
-                {
-                    metric: 'brokenSiteReport',
-                    conversionWindowStart: 0,
-                    conversionWindowEnd: 14,
-                    value: 1,
-                },
+                ...generateBreakageMetrics(),
             ]);
         } else if (this.settings.getSetting(TDS_OVERRIDE_SETTINGS_KEY)) {
             // User removed from experiment/rollout, reset TDS override and fetch default list
diff --git a/shared/js/background/components/toggle-reports.js b/shared/js/background/components/toggle-reports.js
index 4586517ff..908a49810 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/components/toggle-reports.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/components/toggle-reports.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import browser from 'webextension-polyfill';
 import { registerMessageHandler } from '../message-handlers';
-import { postPopupMessage } from '../popupMessaging';
+import { postPopupMessage } from '../popup-messaging';
 import settings from '../settings';
 import { getFeatureSettings, reloadCurrentTab, resolveAfterDelay } from '../utils';
 import { getDisclosureDetails, sendBreakageReportForCurrentTab } from '../broken-site-report';
diff --git a/shared/js/background/events.js b/shared/js/background/events.js
index f8656d9d8..5d46ab091 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/events.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/events.js
@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@
  * if we do too much before adding it
  */
 import browser from 'webextension-polyfill';
-import messageHandlers from './message-handlers';
 import { updateActionIcon } from './events/privacy-icon-indicator';
 import httpsStorage from './storage/https';
 import ATB from './atb';
 import { clearExpiredBrokenSiteReportTimes } from './broken-site-report';
 import { sendPageloadsWithAdAttributionPixelAndResetCount } from './classes/ad-click-attribution-policy';
-import { popupConnectionOpened, postPopupMessage } from './popupMessaging';
+import { postPopupMessage } from './popup-messaging';
 const utils = require('./utils');
 const experiment = require('./experiments');
 const settings = require('./settings');
@@ -294,65 +293,6 @@ if (browser.runtime.onPerformanceWarning) {
     });
 }
 
-/**
- * MESSAGES
- */
-// Handle any messages that come from content/UI scripts
-browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener((req, sender) => {
-    if (sender.id !== browserWrapper.getExtensionId()) return;
-
-    // TODO clean up message passing
-    const legacyMessageTypes = [
-        'addUserData',
-        'getUserData',
-        'removeUserData',
-        'getEmailProtectionCapabilities',
-        'getAddresses',
-        'refreshAlias',
-        'debuggerMessage',
-    ];
-    for (const legacyMessageType of legacyMessageTypes) {
-        if (legacyMessageType in req) {
-            req.messageType = legacyMessageType;
-            req.options = req[legacyMessageType];
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (req.registeredTempAutofillContentScript) {
-        req.messageType = 'registeredContentScript';
-    }
-
-    if (req.messageType && req.messageType in messageHandlers) {
-        return Promise.resolve(messageHandlers[req.messageType](req.options, sender, req));
-    }
-
-    // Count refreshes per page
-    if (req.pageReloaded && sender.tab !== undefined) {
-        const tab = tabManager.get({ tabId: sender.tab.id });
-        if (tab) {
-            tab.userRefreshCount += 1;
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // TODO clean up legacy onboarding messaging
-    if (browserName === 'chrome') {
-        if (req === 'healthCheckRequest' || req === 'rescheduleCounterMessagingRequest') {
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    console.error('Unrecognized message to background:', req, sender);
-    return false;
-});
-
-// Handle popup UI (aka privacy dashboard) messaging.
-browser.runtime.onConnect.addListener((port) => {
-    if (port.name === 'privacy-dashboard') {
-        popupConnectionOpened(port, messageHandlers);
-    }
-});
-
 /*
  * Referrer Trimming
  */
diff --git a/shared/js/background/message-handlers.js b/shared/js/background/message-handlers.js
index 25accfbbe..c4eb272f9 100644
--- a/shared/js/background/message-handlers.js
+++ b/shared/js/background/message-handlers.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { ensureClickToLoadRuleActionDisabled } from './dnr-click-to-load';
 import tdsStorage from './storage/tds';
 import { getArgumentsObject } from './helpers/arguments-object';
 import { isFireButtonEnabled } from './components/fire-button';
-import { postPopupMessage } from './popupMessaging';
+import { postPopupMessage } from './popup-messaging';
 import ToggleReports from './components/toggle-reports';
 const utils = require('./utils');
 const settings = require('./settings');
diff --git a/shared/js/background/metrics.js b/shared/js/background/metrics.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37edd75c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/js/background/metrics.js
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+import browser from 'webextension-polyfill';
+import { MessageReceivedEvent } from './components/message-router';
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {import('./components/abn-experiments').default} AbnExperimentMetrics
+ * @typedef {import('./components/message-router').default} MessageRouter
+ */
+export class AppUseMetric {
+    /**
+     * Metric that fires once on creation.
+     * @param {{
+     * abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics
+     * }} opts
+     */
+    constructor({ abnMetrics }) {
+        // trigger on construction: happens whenever the service worker is spun up, which should correlate with browser activity.
+        // Note: we don't care about overtriggering here, as the experiment framework will handle deduplication.
+        // This metric will only correlate with when the browser is open, and not necessarily if it is being 'used'.
+        abnMetrics.remoteConfig.ready.then(() => abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('app_use'));
+    }
+}
+
+export class SearchMetric {
+    /**
+     * Metric that fires whenever a new search is made
+     * @param {{
+     * abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics
+     * }} opts
+     */
+    constructor({ abnMetrics }) {
+        browser.webRequest.onCompleted.addListener(
+            async (details) => {
+                const params = new URL(details.url).searchParams;
+                if (params.has('q') && (params.get('q')?.length || 0) > 0) {
+                    await abnMetrics.remoteConfig.ready;
+                    abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('search');
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                urls: ['https://*.duckduckgo.com/*'],
+                types: ['main_frame'],
+            },
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+export class DashboardUseMetric {
+    messageToMetricMap = {
+        getPrivacyDashboardData: 'privacyDashboardOpen',
+        setLists: 'protectionToggle',
+        getBreakageFormOptions: 'breakageFormOpen',
+        doBurn: 'fireButton',
+        submitBrokenSiteReport: 'brokenSiteReport',
+        sendToggleReport: 'toggleSiteReport',
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @param {{
+     *  abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics;
+     *  messaging: MessageRouter
+     * }} opts
+     */
+    constructor({ abnMetrics, messaging }) {
+        messaging.addEventListener('messageReceived', (ev) => {
+            if (ev instanceof MessageReceivedEvent) {
+                if (this.messageToMetricMap[ev.messageType]) {
+                    abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered(this.messageToMetricMap[ev.messageType]);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Metric to track repeated refreshes from a single tab.
+ * Listens for the `tabRefresh` event from the TabTracker, then counts the number of refreshes
+ * over given intervals. Note, a refresh here is defined as a webNavigation event to the same URL.
+ * Yields metrics for the following:
+ *  - 2 refreshes within 12 seconds: '2xRefresh'
+ *  - 3 refreshes within 20 seconds: '3xRefresh'
+ */
+export class RefreshMetric {
+    /** @type {Map<number, number[]>} */
+    tabRefreshCounter = new Map();
+    DEBOUNCE_MS = 500;
+
+    /**
+     * @param {{
+     *   abnMetrics: AbnExperimentMetrics,
+     *   tabTracking: import('./components/tab-tracking').default,
+     * }} opts
+     */
+    constructor({ abnMetrics, tabTracking }) {
+        tabTracking.addEventListener('tabRefresh', (ev) => {
+            if (ev instanceof CustomEvent) {
+                const { tabId, timeStamp } = ev.detail;
+                if (!this.tabRefreshCounter.has(tabId)) {
+                    this.tabRefreshCounter.set(tabId, []);
+                }
+                const refreshCounter = this.tabRefreshCounter.get(tabId) || [];
+                if (refreshCounter.length > 0 && refreshCounter[refreshCounter.length - 1] > timeStamp - this.DEBOUNCE_MS) {
+                    // last refresh less than DEBOUNCE_MS ago, ignore
+                    return;
+                }
+                refreshCounter.push(timeStamp);
+
+                // reload-twice-within-12-seconds
+                const tMinus12s = timeStamp - 12000;
+                if (refreshCounter.filter((t) => t > tMinus12s).length === 2) {
+                    abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('2xRefresh');
+                }
+                // reload-three-times-within-20-seconds
+                const tMinus20s = timeStamp - 20000;
+                if (refreshCounter.filter((t) => t > tMinus20s).length === 3) {
+                    abnMetrics.onMetricTriggered('3xRefresh');
+                }
+
+                // clean up old refreshes
+                while (refreshCounter.length > 0 && refreshCounter[0] < tMinus20s) {
+                    refreshCounter.shift();
+                }
+                if (refreshCounter.length === 0) {
+                    this.tabRefreshCounter.delete(tabId);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Default set of metrics we want to send for breakage experiments, in compact
+ * tuple format (so it's easy to modify).
+ * @type {[string, number, number, number][]}
+ */
+const breakageMetricSpec = [
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 2, 1],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 3, 1],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 4, 1],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 2, 5],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 3, 5],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 4, 5],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 5, 5],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 2, 10],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 3, 10],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 4, 10],
+    ['2xRefresh', 0, 5, 10],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 2, 1],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 3, 1],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 4, 1],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 2, 5],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 3, 5],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 4, 5],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 5, 5],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 2, 10],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 3, 10],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 4, 10],
+    ['3xRefresh', 0, 5, 10],
+    ['brokenSiteReport', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['brokenSiteReport', 0, 5, 2],
+    ['brokenSiteReport', 0, 5, 3],
+    ['toggleSiteReport', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['toggleSiteReport', 0, 5, 2],
+    ['toggleSiteReport', 0, 5, 3],
+    ['breakageFormOpen', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['breakageFormOpen', 0, 5, 2],
+    ['breakageFormOpen', 0, 5, 3],
+    ['privacyDashboardOpen', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['privacyDashboardOpen', 0, 5, 5],
+    ['privacyDashboardOpen', 0, 5, 10],
+    ['protectionToggle', 0, 5, 1],
+    ['protectionToggle', 0, 5, 5],
+    ['protectionToggle', 0, 5, 10],
+];
+
+/**
+ * Get default set of metrics for a breakage experiment.
+ * @returns {import('./components/abn-experiments').ExperimentMetric[]}
+ */
+export function generateBreakageMetrics() {
+    return breakageMetricSpec.map(([metric, conversionWindowStart, conversionWindowEnd, value]) => ({
+        metric,
+        conversionWindowStart,
+        conversionWindowEnd,
+        value,
+    }));
+}
diff --git a/shared/js/background/popup-messaging.js b/shared/js/background/popup-messaging.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..173cc206f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/js/background/popup-messaging.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * @typedef {import('webextension-polyfill').Runtime.Port} Port
+ * @typedef {import('@duckduckgo/privacy-dashboard/schema/__generated__/schema.types').IncomingExtensionMessage} OutgoingPopupMessage
+ */
+
+// Messaging connection with the popup UI (when active).
+/** @type {Port?} */
+let activePort = null;
+
+export function getActivePort() {
+    return activePort;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {Port?} port
+ */
+export function setActivePort(port) {
+    activePort = port;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Post a message to the popup UI, if it's open.
+ *
+ * @param {OutgoingPopupMessage} message
+ */
+export function postPopupMessage(message) {
+    activePort?.postMessage(message);
+}
diff --git a/shared/js/background/popupMessaging.js b/shared/js/background/popupMessaging.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 08b863a7e..000000000
--- a/shared/js/background/popupMessaging.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @typedef {import('webextension-polyfill').Runtime.Port} Port
- * @typedef {import('@duckduckgo/privacy-dashboard/schema/__generated__/schema.types').IncomingExtensionMessage} OutgoingPopupMessage
- */
-
-// Messaging connection with the popup UI (when active).
-/** @type {Port?} */
-let activePort = null;
-
-/**
- * Set up the messaging connection with the popup UI.
- *
- * Note: If the ServiceWorker dies while there is an open connection, the popup
- *       will take care of re-opening the connection.
- *
- * @param {Port} port
- * @param {Record<
- *     string,
- *     (options: any, sender: any, message: any) => any
- * >} messageHandlers
- */
-export function popupConnectionOpened(port, messageHandlers) {
-    activePort = port;
-    port.onDisconnect.addListener(() => {
-        if (activePort === port) {
-            activePort = null;
-        }
-    });
-
-    port.onMessage.addListener(async (message) => {
-        const messageType = message?.messageType;
-
-        if (!messageType || !(messageType in messageHandlers)) {
-            console.error('Unrecognized message (privacy-dashboard -> background):', message);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const response = await messageHandlers[messageType](message?.options, port, message);
-        if (typeof message?.id === 'number') {
-            port.postMessage({
-                id: message.id,
-                messageType: 'response',
-                options: response,
-            });
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-/**
- * Post a message to the popup UI, if it's open.
- *
- * @param {OutgoingPopupMessage} message
- */
-export function postPopupMessage(message) {
-    activePort?.postMessage(message);
-}
diff --git a/unit-test/background/metrics.js b/unit-test/background/metrics.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39d97f41a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unit-test/background/metrics.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { RefreshMetric } from '../../shared/js/background/metrics';
+
+class MockAbnExperimentMetrics {
+    onMetricTriggered() {}
+}
+
+class MockTabTracking extends EventTarget {
+    mockRefreshEvent(tabId, timeStamp = Date.now()) {
+        this.dispatchEvent(
+            new CustomEvent('tabRefresh', {
+                detail: {
+                    tabId,
+                    timeStamp,
+                },
+            }),
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+describe('RefreshMetric', () => {
+    let abnMetrics;
+    let tabTracking;
+    /** @type {RefreshMetric} */
+    let metric;
+    /** @type {jasmine.Spy} */
+    let metricsSpy;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+        abnMetrics = new MockAbnExperimentMetrics();
+        tabTracking = new MockTabTracking();
+        metricsSpy = spyOn(abnMetrics, 'onMetricTriggered');
+        metric = new RefreshMetric({
+            abnMetrics,
+            tabTracking,
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('triggers 2xRefresh metric', () => {
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, Date.now() - 5000);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, Date.now() - 1000);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith('2xRefresh');
+    });
+
+    it('triggers 3xRefresh metric', () => {
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, Date.now() - 5000);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, Date.now() - 3000);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, Date.now() - 1000);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('2xRefresh');
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('3xRefresh');
+    });
+
+    it('debounces spammed refreshes', () => {
+        const t = Date.now() - 1000;
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 1);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 2);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 3);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 4);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + metric.DEBOUNCE_MS + 4);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + metric.DEBOUNCE_MS + 5);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith('2xRefresh');
+    });
+
+    it('triggers 2xRefresh if the events happened within 12s, but not otherwise', () => {
+        const t = Date.now() - 30000;
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 12100);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 21000);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith('2xRefresh');
+    });
+
+    it('triggers 3xRefresh if the events happend within 20s, but not otherwise', () => {
+        const t = 30000;
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 1000);
+        expect(metricsSpy).toHaveBeenCalledOnceWith('2xRefresh');
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 20100);
+        expect(metricsSpy.calls.all().map((c) => c.args[0])).toEqual(['2xRefresh']);
+        tabTracking.mockRefreshEvent(1, t + 20900);
+        expect(metricsSpy.calls.all().map((c) => c.args[0])).toEqual(['2xRefresh', '2xRefresh', '3xRefresh']);
+    });
+});