fenv-access.md

title	description	ms.date	f1_keywords	helpviewer_keywords	no-loc
fenv_access pragma	Describes the usage and effects of the fenv_access pragma directive. The fenv_access directive controls access to the floating-point environment at runtime.	08/10/2021	vc-pragma.fenv_access fenv_access_CPP	pragma, fenv_access fenv_access pragma	pragma

fenv_access pragma

Disables (on) or enables (off) optimizations that could change floating-point environment flag tests and mode changes.

Syntax

#pragma fenv_access ( { on | off } )

Remarks

By default, fenv_access is off. The compiler assumes your code doesn't access or manipulate the floating-point environment. If environment access isn't required, the compiler can do more to optimize your floating-point code.

Enable fenv_access if your code tests floating-point status flags, exceptions, or sets control mode flags. The compiler disables floating-point optimizations, so your code can access the floating-point environment consistently.

The /fp:strict command-line option automatically enables fenv_access. For more information on this and other floating-point behavior, see /fp (Specify Floating-Point Behavior).

There are restrictions on the ways you can use the fenv_access pragma in combination with other floating-point settings:

• You can't enable fenv_access unless precise semantics are enabled. Precise semantics can be enabled either by the float_control pragma, or by using the /fp:precise or /fp:strict compiler options. The compiler defaults to /fp:precise if no other floating-point command-line option is specified.

• You can't use float_control to disable precise semantics when fenv_access(on) is set.

::: moniker range=">msvc-160"

The fenv_access(on) directive disables generation of floating-point contractions, machine instructions that combine floating-point operations. fenv_access(off) restores the previous behavior for contractions. This behavior is new in Visual Studio 2022. Previous compiler versions could generate contractions by default under fenv_access(on). For more information about floating-point contractions, see /fp:contract.

::: moniker-end

The kinds of optimizations that are subject to fenv_access are:

• Global common subexpression elimination

• Code motion

• Constant folding

Other floating-point pragma directives include:

• float_control

• fp_contract

Examples

This example sets fenv_access to on to set the floating-point control register for 24-bit precision:

// pragma_directive_fenv_access_x86.cpp
// compile with: /O2 /arch:IA32
// processor: x86
#include <stdio.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <errno.h>
#pragma fenv_access (on)

int main() {
   double z, b = 0.1, t = 0.1;
   unsigned int currentControl;
   errno_t err;

   err = _controlfp_s(&currentControl, _PC_24, _MCW_PC);
   if (err != 0) {
      printf_s("The function _controlfp_s failed!\n");
      return -1;
   }
   z = b * t;
   printf_s ("out=%.15e\n",z);
}

out=9.999999776482582e-03

If you comment out #pragma fenv_access (on) from the previous sample, the output is different. It's because the compiler does compile-time evaluation, which doesn't use the control mode.

// pragma_directive_fenv_access_2.cpp
// compile with: /O2 /arch:IA32
#include <stdio.h>
#include <float.h>

int main() {
   double z, b = 0.1, t = 0.1;
   unsigned int currentControl;
   errno_t err;

   err = _controlfp_s(&currentControl, _PC_24, _MCW_PC);
   if (err != 0) {
      printf_s("The function _controlfp_s failed!\n");
      return -1;
   }
   z = b * t;
   printf_s ("out=%.15e\n",z);
}

out=1.000000000000000e-02

See also

Pragma directives and the __pragma and _Pragma keywords