ecmascript5.txt

                                     Annex A
                                   (informative)
                                Grammar Summary
A.1 Lexical Grammar
SourceCharacter ::                               See clause 6
       any Unicode code unit
InputElementDiv ::                               See clause 7
       WhiteSpace
       LineTerminator
       Comment
       Token
       DivPunctuator
InputElementRegExp ::                            See clause 7
       WhiteSpace
       LineTerminator
       Comment
       Token
       RegularExpressionLiteral
WhiteSpace ::                                    See 7.2
       <TAB>
       <VT>
       <FF>
       <SP>
       <NBSP>
       <BOM>
       <USP>
LineTerminator ::                                See 7.3
       <LF>
       <CR>
       <LS>
       <PS>
LineTerminatorSequence ::                        See 7.3
       <LF>
       <CR> [lookahead ∉ <LF> ]
       <LS>
       <PS>
       <CR> <LF>
Comment ::                                       See 7.4
       MultiLineComment
       SingleLineComment
MultiLineComment ::                                                      See 7.4
        /* MultiLineCommentCharsopt */
MultiLineCommentChars ::                                                 See 7.4
        MultiLineNotAsteriskChar MultiLineCommentCharsopt
        * PostAsteriskCommentCharsopt
PostAsteriskCommentChars ::                                              See 7.4
        MultiLineNotForwardSlashOrAsteriskChar MultiLineCommentCharsopt
        * PostAsteriskCommentCharsopt
MultiLineNotAsteriskChar ::                                              See 7.4
        SourceCharacter but not asterisk *
MultiLineNotForwardSlashOrAsteriskChar ::                                See 7.4
        SourceCharacter but not forward-slash / or asterisk *
SingleLineComment ::                                                     See 7.4
        // SingleLineCommentCharsopt
SingleLineCommentChars ::                                                See 7.4
        SingleLineCommentChar SingleLineCommentCharsopt
SingleLineCommentChar ::                                                 See 7.4
        SourceCharacter but not LineTerminator
Token ::                                                                 See 7.5
        IdentifierName
        Punctuator
        NumericLiteral
        StringLiteral
Identifier ::                                                            See 7.6
        IdentifierName but not ReservedWord
IdentifierName ::                                                        See 7.6
        IdentifierStart
        IdentifierName IdentifierPart
IdentifierStart ::                                                       See 7.6
        UnicodeLetter
        $
        _
        \ UnicodeEscapeSequence
IdentifierPart ::                                                                              See 7.6
        IdentifierStart
        UnicodeCombiningMark
        UnicodeDigit
        UnicodeConnectorPunctuation
        <ZWNJ>
        <ZWJ>
                                                                                               See 7.6
UnicodeLetter
        any character in the Unicode categories “Uppercase letter (Lu)”, “Lowercase letter
        (Ll)”, “Titlecase letter (Lt)”, “Modifier letter (Lm)”, “Other letter (Lo)”, or “Letter
        number (Nl)”.
                                                                                               See 7.6
UnicodeCombiningMark
        any character in the Unicode categories “Non-spacing mark (Mn)” or “Combining
        spacing mark (Mc)”
                                                                                               See 7.6
UnicodeDigit
        any character in the Unicode category “Decimal number (Nd)”
                                                                                               See 7.6
UnicodeConnectorPunctuation
        any character in the Unicode category “Connector punctuation (Pc)”
ReservedWord ::                                                                                See 7.6.1
        Keyword
        FutureReservedWord
        NullLiteral
        BooleanLiteral
Keyword :: one of                                                                              See 7.6.1.1
                                                            instanceof            typeof
                break                  do
                                                            new                   var
                case                   else
                                                            return                void
                catch                  finally
                                                            switch                while
                continue               for
                                                            this                  with
                debugger               function
                                                            throw
                default                if
                                                            try
                delete                 in
FutureReservedWord :: one of                                                                   See 7.6.1.2
                                                            extends               super
                class                  enum
                                                            import
                const                  export
                or in strict mode code one of
                implements             let                  private               public
                interface              package              protected             static
                yield
Punctuator :: one of                                                      See 7.7
                                                     )           [   ]
        {              }              (
        .              ;              ,              <           >   <=
        >=             ==             !=             ===         !==
        +              -              *              %           ++  --
        <<             >>             >>>            &           |   ^
        !              ~              &&             ||          ?   :
        =              +=             -=             *=          %=  <<=
        >>=            >>>=           &=             |=          ^=
DivPunctuator :: one of                                                   See 7.7
        /                /=
Literal ::                                                                See 7.8
        NullLiteral
        BooleanLiteral
        NumericLiteral
        StringLiteral
NullLiteral ::                                                            See 7.8.1
        null
BooleanLiteral ::                                                         See 7.8.2
        true
        false
NumericLiteral ::                                                         See 7.8.3
        DecimalLiteral
        HexIntegerLiteral
DecimalLiteral ::                                                         See 7.8.3
        DecimalIntegerLiteral . DecimalDigitsopt ExponentPartopt
        . DecimalDigits ExponentPartopt
        DecimalIntegerLiteral ExponentPartopt
DecimalIntegerLiteral ::                                                  See 7.8.3
        0
        NonZeroDigit DecimalDigitsopt
DecimalDigits ::                                                          See 7.8.3
        DecimalDigit
        DecimalDigits DecimalDigit
DecimalDigit :: one of                                                    See 7.8.3
        0 1 2 3 4            5   6    7  8    9
ExponentIndicator :: one of                                                    See 7.8.3
       e E
SignedInteger ::                                                               See 7.8.3
       DecimalDigits
       + DecimalDigits
       - DecimalDigits
HexIntegerLiteral ::                                                           See 7.8.3
       0x HexDigit
       0X HexDigit
       HexIntegerLiteral HexDigit
HexDigit :: one of                                                             See 7.8.3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f A B C D E F
StringLiteral ::                                                               See 7.8.4
       " DoubleStringCharactersopt "
       ' SingleStringCharactersopt '
DoubleStringCharacters ::                                                      See 7.8.4
       DoubleStringCharacter DoubleStringCharactersopt
SingleStringCharacters ::                                                      See 7.8.4
       SingleStringCharacter SingleStringCharactersopt
DoubleStringCharacter ::                                                       See 7.8.4
       SourceCharacter but not double-quote " or backslash \ or LineTerminator
       \ EscapeSequence
       LineContinuation
SingleStringCharacter ::                                                       See 7.8.4
       SourceCharacter but not single-quote ' or backslash \ or LineTerminator
       \ EscapeSequence
       LineContinuation
LineContinuation ::                                                            See 7.8.4
       \ LineTerminatorSequence
EscapeSequence ::                                                              See 7.8.4
       CharacterEscapeSequence
       0 [lookahead ∉ DecimalDigit]
       HexEscapeSequence
       UnicodeEscapeSequence
CharacterEscapeSequence ::                                                     See 7.8.4
       SingleEscapeCharacter
       NonEscapeCharacter
SingleEscapeCharacter :: one of                                                See 7.8.4
       ' " \ b f n r                 t   v
NonEscapeCharacter ::                                                          See 7.8.4
       SourceCharacter but not EscapeCharacter or LineTerminator
EscapeCharacter ::                                             See 7.8.4
      SingleEscapeCharacter
      DecimalDigit
      x
      u
HexEscapeSequence ::                                           See 7.8.4
      x HexDigit HexDigit
UnicodeEscapeSequence ::                                       See 7.8.4
      u HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit
RegularExpressionLiteral ::                                    See 7.8.5
      / RegularExpressionBody / RegularExpressionFlags
RegularExpressionBody ::                                       See 7.8.5
      RegularExpressionFirstChar RegularExpressionChars
RegularExpressionChars ::                                      See 7.8.5
      [empty]
      RegularExpressionChars RegularExpressionChar
RegularExpressionFirstChar ::                                  See 7.8.5
      RegularExpressionNonTerminator but not * or \ or / or [
      RegularExpressionBackslashSequence
      RegularExpressionClass
RegularExpressionChar ::                                       See 7.8.5
      RegularExpressionNonTerminator but not \ or / or [
      RegularExpressionBackslashSequence
      RegularExpressionClass
RegularExpressionBackslashSequence ::                          See 7.8.5
      \ NonTerminator
RegularExpressionNonTerminator ::                              See 7.8.5
      SourceCharacter but not LineTerminator
RegularExpressionClass ::                                      See 7.8.5
      [ RegularExpressionClassChars ]
RegularExpressionClassChars ::                                 See 7.8.5
      [empty]
      RegularExpressionClassChars RegularExpressionClassChar
RegularExpressionClassChar ::                                  See 7.8.5
      RegularExpressionNonTerminator but not ] or \
      RegularExpressionBackslashSequence
RegularExpressionFlags ::                                  See 7.8.5
       [empty]
       RegularExpressionFlags IdentifierPart
A.2 Number Conversions
StringNumericLiteral :::                                   See 9.3.1
       StrWhiteSpaceopt
       StrWhiteSpaceopt StrNumericLiteral StrWhiteSpaceopt
StrWhiteSpace :::                                          See 9.3.1
       StrWhiteSpaceChar StrWhiteSpaceopt
StrWhiteSpaceChar :::                                      See 9.3.1
       WhiteSpace
       LineTerminator
StrNumericLiteral :::                                      See 9.3.1
       StrDecimalLiteral
       HexIntegerLiteral
StrDecimalLiteral :::                                      See 9.3.1
       StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral
       + StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral
       - StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral
StrUnsignedDecimalLiteral :::                              See 9.3.1
       Infinity
       DecimalDigits . DecimalDigitsopt ExponentPartopt
       . DecimalDigits ExponentPartopt
       DecimalDigits ExponentPartopt
DecimalDigits :::                                          See 9.3.1
       DecimalDigit
       DecimalDigits DecimalDigit
DecimalDigit ::: one of                                    See 9.3.1
       0 1 2 3 4            5   6    7   8   9
ExponentPart :::                                           See 9.3.1
       ExponentIndicator SignedInteger
ExponentIndicator ::: one of                               See 9.3.1
       e E
SignedInteger :::                                          See 9.3.1
       DecimalDigits
       + DecimalDigits
       - DecimalDigits

HexIntegerLiteral :::                                                 See 9.3.1
       0x HexDigit
       0X HexDigit
       HexIntegerLiteral HexDigit
HexDigit ::: one of                                                   See 9.3.1
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f A B C D E F
A.3 Expressions
PrimaryExpression :                                                   See 11.1
       this
       Identifier
       Literal
       ArrayLiteral
       ObjectLiteral
       ( Expression )
ArrayLiteral :                                                        See 11.1.4
       [ Elisionopt ]
       [ ElementList ]
       [ ElementList , Elisionopt ]
ElementList :                                                         See 11.1.4
       Elisionopt AssignmentExpression
       ElementList , Elisionopt AssignmentExpression
Elision :                                                             See 11.1.4
       ,
       Elision ,
ObjectLiteral :                                                       See 11.1.5
       { }
       { PropertyNameAndValueList }
       { PropertyNameAndValueList , }
PropertyNameAndValueList :                                            See 11.1.5
       PropertyAssignment
       PropertyNameAndValueList , PropertyAssignment
PropertyAssignment :                                                  See 11.1.5
       PropertyName : AssignmentExpression
       get PropertyName() { FunctionBody }
       set PropertyName( PropertySetParameterList ) { FunctionBody }
PropertyName :                                                        See 11.1.5
       IdentifierName
       StringLiteral
       NumericLiteral
PropertySetParameterList :                                            See 11.1.5
       Identifier
MemberExpression :                                           See 11.2
       PrimaryExpression
       FunctionExpression
       MemberExpression [ Expression ]
       MemberExpression . IdentifierName
       new MemberExpression Arguments
NewExpression :                                              See 11.2
       MemberExpression
       new NewExpression
CallExpression :                                             See 11.2
       MemberExpression Arguments
       CallExpression Arguments
       CallExpression [ Expression ]
       CallExpression . IdentifierName
Arguments :                                                  See 11.2
       ()
       ( ArgumentList )
ArgumentList :                                               See 11.2
       AssignmentExpression
       ArgumentList , AssignmentExpression
LeftHandSideExpression :                                     See 11.2
       NewExpression
       CallExpression
PostfixExpression :                                          See 11.3
       LeftHandSideExpression
                                 [no LineTerminator here]
       LeftHandSideExpression                             ++
                                 [no LineTerminator here]
       LeftHandSideExpression                             --
UnaryExpression :                                            See 11.4
       PostfixExpression
       delete UnaryExpression
       void UnaryExpression
       typeof UnaryExpression
       ++ UnaryExpression
       -- UnaryExpression
       + UnaryExpression
       - UnaryExpression
       ~ UnaryExpression
       ! UnaryExpression
MultiplicativeExpression :                                   See 11.5
       UnaryExpression
       MultiplicativeExpression * UnaryExpression
       MultiplicativeExpression / UnaryExpression
       MultiplicativeExpression % UnaryExpression
AdditiveExpression :                                        See 11.6
       MultiplicativeExpression
       AdditiveExpression + MultiplicativeExpression
       AdditiveExpression - MultiplicativeExpression
ShiftExpression :                                           See 11.7
       AdditiveExpression
       ShiftExpression << AdditiveExpression
       ShiftExpression >> AdditiveExpression
       ShiftExpression >>> AdditiveExpression
RelationalExpression :                                      See 11.8
       ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpression < ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpression > ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpression <= ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpression >= ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpression instanceof ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpression in ShiftExpression
RelationalExpressionNoIn :                                  See 11.8
       ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpressionNoIn < ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpressionNoIn > ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpressionNoIn <= ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpressionNoIn >= ShiftExpression
       RelationalExpressionNoIn instanceof ShiftExpression
EqualityExpression :                                        See 11.9
       RelationalExpression
       EqualityExpression == RelationalExpression
       EqualityExpression != RelationalExpression
       EqualityExpression === RelationalExpression
       EqualityExpression !== RelationalExpression
EqualityExpressionNoIn :                                    See 11.9
       RelationalExpressionNoIn
       EqualityExpressionNoIn == RelationalExpressionNoIn
       EqualityExpressionNoIn != RelationalExpressionNoIn
       EqualityExpressionNoIn === RelationalExpressionNoIn
       EqualityExpressionNoIn !== RelationalExpressionNoIn
BitwiseANDExpression :                                      See 11.10
       EqualityExpression
       BitwiseANDExpression & EqualityExpression
BitwiseANDExpressionNoIn :                                  See 11.10
       EqualityExpressionNoIn
       BitwiseANDExpressionNoIn & EqualityExpressionNoIn
BitwiseXORExpression :                                                                See 11.10
       BitwiseANDExpression
       BitwiseXORExpression ^ BitwiseANDExpression
BitwiseXORExpressionNoIn :                                                            See 11.10
       BitwiseANDExpressionNoIn
       BitwiseXORExpressionNoIn ^ BitwiseANDExpressionNoIn
BitwiseORExpression :                                                                 See 11.10
       BitwiseXORExpression
       BitwiseORExpression | BitwiseXORExpression
BitwiseORExpressionNoIn :                                                             See 11.10
       BitwiseXORExpressionNoIn
       BitwiseORExpressionNoIn | BitwiseXORExpressionNoIn
LogicalANDExpression :                                                                See 11.11
       BitwiseORExpression
       LogicalANDExpression && BitwiseORExpression
LogicalANDExpressionNoIn :                                                            See 11.11
       BitwiseORExpressionNoIn
       LogicalANDExpressionNoIn && BitwiseORExpressionNoIn
LogicalORExpression :                                                                 See 11.11
       LogicalANDExpression
       LogicalORExpression || LogicalANDExpression
LogicalORExpressionNoIn :                                                             See 11.11
       LogicalANDExpressionNoIn
       LogicalORExpressionNoIn || LogicalANDExpressionNoIn
ConditionalExpression :                                                               See 11.12
       LogicalORExpression
       LogicalORExpression ? AssignmentExpression : AssignmentExpression
ConditionalExpressionNoIn :                                                           See 11.12
       LogicalORExpressionNoIn
       LogicalORExpressionNoIn ? AssignmentExpressionNoIn : AssignmentExpressionNoIn
AssignmentExpression :                                                                See 11.13
       ConditionalExpression
       LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpression
AssignmentExpressionNoIn :                                                            See 11.13
       ConditionalExpressionNoIn
       LeftHandSideExpression AssignmentOperator AssignmentExpressionNoIn
AssignmentOperator : one of                                                           See 11.13
                                            -=      <<=    >>=    >>>= &=      ^=    |=
       =          *=      /=  %=      +=

Expression :                                                   See 11.14
        AssignmentExpression
        Expression , AssignmentExpression
ExpressionNoIn :                                               See 11.14
        AssignmentExpressionNoIn
        ExpressionNoIn , AssignmentExpressionNoIn
A.4 Statements
Statement :                                                    See clause 12
        Block
        VariableStatement
        EmptyStatement
        ExpressionStatement
        IfStatement
        IterationStatement
        ContinueStatement
        BreakStatement
        ReturnStatement
        WithStatement
        LabelledStatement
        SwitchStatement
        ThrowStatement
        TryStatement
        DebuggerStatement
Block :                                                        See 12.1
        { StatementListopt }
StatementList :                                                See 12.1
        Statement
        StatementList Statement
VariableStatement :                                            See 12.2
        var VariableDeclarationList ;
VariableDeclarationList :                                      See 12.2
        VariableDeclaration
        VariableDeclarationList , VariableDeclaration
VariableDeclarationListNoIn :                                  See 12.2
        VariableDeclarationNoIn
        VariableDeclarationListNoIn , VariableDeclarationNoIn
VariableDeclaration :                                          See 12.2
        Identifier Initialiseropt
VariableDeclarationNoIn :                                      See 12.2
        Identifier InitialiserNoInopt
Initialiser :                                                                            See 12.2
        = AssignmentExpression
InitialiserNoIn :                                                                        See 12.2
        = AssignmentExpressionNoIn
EmptyStatement :                                                                         See 12.3
        ;
ExpressionStatement :                                                                    See 12.4
        [lookahead ∉ {{, function}] Expression  ;
IfStatement :                                                                            See 12.5
        if ( Expression ) Statement else Statement
        if ( Expression ) Statement
IterationStatement :                                                                     See 12.6
        do Statement while ( Expression );
        while ( Expression ) Statement
        for (ExpressionNoInopt; Expressionopt ; Expressionopt ) Statement
        for ( var VariableDeclarationListNoIn; Expressionopt ; Expressionopt ) Statement
        for ( LeftHandSideExpression in Expression ) Statement
        for ( var VariableDeclarationNoIn in Expression ) Statement
ContinueStatement :                                                                      See 12.7
        continue [no LineTerminator here] Identifieropt ;
BreakStatement :                                                                         See 12.8
        break [no LineTerminator here] Identifieropt ;
ReturnStatement :                                                                        See 12.9
        return [no LineTerminator here] Expressionopt ;
WithStatement :                                                                          See 12.10
        with ( Expression ) Statement
SwitchStatement :                                                                        See 12.11
        switch ( Expression ) CaseBlock
CaseBlock :                                                                              See 12.11
        { CaseClausesopt }
        { CaseClausesopt DefaultClause CaseClausesopt }
CaseClauses :                                                                            See 12.11
        CaseClause
        CaseClauses CaseClause
CaseClause :                                                               See 12.11
       case Expression : StatementListopt
DefaultClause :                                                            See 12.11
       default : StatementListopt
LabelledStatement :                                                        See 12.12
       Identifier : Statement
ThrowStatement :                                                           See 12.13
       throw [no LineTerminator here] Expression ;
TryStatement :                                                             See 12.14
       try Block Catch
       try Block Finally
       try Block Catch Finally
Catch :                                                                    See 12.14
       catch ( Identifier ) Block
Finally :                                                                  See 12.14
       finally Block
DebuggerStatement :                                                        See 12.15
       debugger ;
A.5 Functions and Programs
FunctionDeclaration :                                                      See clause 13
       function Identifier ( FormalParameterListopt ) { FunctionBody }
FunctionExpression :                                                       See clause 13
       function Identifieropt ( FormalParameterListopt ) { FunctionBody }
FormalParameterList :                                                      See clause 13
       Identifier
       FormalParameterList , Identifier
FunctionBody :                                                             See clause 13
       SourceElementsopt
Program :                                                                  See clause 14
       SourceElementsopt
SourceElements :                                                           See clause 14
       SourceElement
       SourceElements SourceElement
SourceElement :
      Statement
      FunctionDeclaration