day20: solved part 1

Author: fxnn

day20/example.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+###############
+#...#...#.....#
+#.#.#.#.#.###.#
+#S#...#.#.#...#
+#######.#.#.###
+#######.#.#...#
+#######.#.###.#
+###..E#...#...#
+###.#######.###
+#...###...#...#
+#.#####.#.###.#
+#.#...#.#.#...#
+#.#.#.#.#.#.###
+#...#...#...###
+###############

day20/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/fxnn/adventofcode2024/util"
+)
+
+const (
+	WALL  = '#'
+	EMPTY = '.'
+	START = 'S'
+	END   = 'E'
+)
+
+func readCourse() [][]byte {
+	var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
+
+	var y int
+	var course [][]byte
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		var line = scanner.Text()
+		var row = make([]byte, len(line))
+		for x, r := range line {
+			row[x] = byte(r)
+		}
+		course = append(course, row)
+		y++
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	return course
+}
+
+var directions = []util.Point{{X: -1, Y: 0}, {X: 1, Y: 0}, {X: 0, Y: 1}, {X: 0, Y: -1}}
+
+func findMoves(course [][]byte) []util.Point {
+	var f = findStart(course)
+	var moves = []util.Point{f}
+	for course[f.Y][f.X] != END {
+		for _, d := range directions {
+			var t = f.Add(d)
+			if len(moves) > 1 && t == moves[len(moves)-2] {
+				continue
+			}
+			if !t.IsInBounds(len(course), len(course[f.Y])) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if course[t.Y][t.X] == WALL {
+				continue
+			}
+			moves = append(moves, t)
+			//fmt.Printf("move %d,%d -> %d,%d\n", f.Y, f.X, t.Y, t.X)
+			f = t
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return moves
+}
+
+func findStart(course [][]byte) util.Point {
+	for y := 0; y < len(course); y++ {
+		for x := 0; x < len(course[y]); x++ {
+			if course[y][x] == START {
+				return util.Point{Y: y, X: x}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Error: start not found")
+	os.Exit(1)
+	return util.Point{}
+}
+
+func findMoveIdx(moves []util.Point, move util.Point) int {
+	for i := range moves {
+		if moves[i] == move {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return -1
+}
+
+type cheat struct {
+	start util.Point
+	end   util.Point
+}
+
+func findCheats(course [][]byte, moves []util.Point, startIdx int, minSaving int, cheatedWalls map[util.Point]util.Void) []cheat {
+	var s = moves[startIdx]
+	var cheats []cheat
+	for _, d := range directions {
+		var w = s.Add(d)
+		if !w.IsInBounds(len(course), len(course[w.Y])) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if course[w.Y][w.X] != WALL {
+			continue
+		}
+		var e = w.Add(d)
+		var ei = findMoveIdx(moves, e)
+		// HINT: save 100 picoseconds, but this includes two additional steps
+		if ei-startIdx < minSaving+2 {
+			// TODO: might there be multiple cheats forward?
+			continue
+		}
+		cheatedWalls[w] = util.Void{}
+		fmt.Printf("%d picoseconds saved by cheat: %d,%d -> %d,%d\n", ei-startIdx-2, s.Y, s.X, e.Y, e.X)
+		cheats = append(cheats, cheat{start: s, end: e})
+	}
+	return cheats
+}
+
+func printCourseWithCheats(course [][]byte, cheats map[util.Point]util.Void) {
+	for y := range course {
+		for x := range course[y] {
+			if _, ok := cheats[util.Point{Y: y, X: x}]; ok {
+				fmt.Print("C")
+			} else {
+				fmt.Print(string(course[y][x]))
+			}
+		}
+		fmt.Println()
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var minSaving = flag.Int("minSaving", 100, "consider cheats that save at least minSaving picoseconds")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	var course = readCourse()
+	var moves = findMoves(course)
+	var time = len(moves) - 1
+	fmt.Printf("course takes %d picoseconds\n", time)
+	var cheats = make(map[cheat]util.Void)
+	var cheatedWalls = make(map[util.Point]util.Void)
+	for i := range moves {
+		for _, c := range findCheats(course, moves, i, *minSaving, cheatedWalls) {
+			cheats[c] = util.Void{}
+		}
+	}
+	printCourseWithCheats(course, cheatedWalls)
+	fmt.Printf("found %d unique cheats saving >= %d picoseconds", len(cheats), *minSaving)
+}