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132 | 132 | </h2>
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133 | 133 | <p>A feature of R, and open source software in general, is that there are often multiple ways to achieve the same result.
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134 | 134 | The code chunk below illustrates this by using three functions, covered in Chapters <a href="attr.html#attr">3</a> and <a href="geometry-operations.html#geometry-operations">5</a>, to combine the 16 regions of New Zealand into a single geometry:</p>
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135 |
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| 135 | +<div class="sourceCode" id="cb512"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
136 | 136 | <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://jakubnowosad.com/spData/">spData</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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137 | 137 | <span><span class="va">nz_u1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu">sf</span><span class="fu">::</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/reference/geos_combine.html">st_union</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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138 | 138 | <span><span class="va">nz_u2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="fu"><a href="https://rspatial.github.io/terra/reference/aggregate.html">aggregate</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="st">"Population"</span><span class="op">]</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/list.html">list</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/rep.html">rep</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fl">1</span>, <span class="fu"><a href="https://rspatial.github.io/terra/reference/dimensions.html">nrow</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span><span class="op">)</span>, <span class="va">sum</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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154 | 154 | The same applies for all packages showcased in this book, although it can be helpful (when not distracting) to be aware of alternatives and being able to justify your choice of software.</p>
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155 | 155 | <p>A common choice, for which there is no simple answer, is between <strong>tidyverse</strong> and base R for geocomputation.
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156 | 156 | The following code chunk, for example, shows <strong>tidyverse</strong> and base R ways to extract the <code>Name</code> column from the <code>nz</code> object, as described in Chapter <a href="attr.html#attr">3</a>:</p>
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157 |
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| 157 | +<div class="sourceCode" id="cb513"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
158 | 158 | <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org">dplyr</a></span><span class="op">)</span> <span class="co"># attach a tidyverse package</span></span>
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159 | 159 | <span><span class="va">nz_name1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">nz</span><span class="op">[</span><span class="st">"Name"</span><span class="op">]</span> <span class="co"># base R approach</span></span>
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160 | 160 | <span><span class="va">nz_name2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="va">nz</span> <span class="op">|></span> <span class="co"># tidyverse approach</span></span>
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@@ -280,13 +280,13 @@ <h3>
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280 | 280 | You could simply ask how to do this in one of the places outlined in the previous section.
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281 | 281 | However, it is likely that you will get a better response if you provide a reproducible example of what you have tried so far.
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282 | 282 | The following code creates a map of the world with blue sea and green land, but the land is not filled in:</p>
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283 |
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| 283 | +<div class="sourceCode" id="cb514"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
284 | 284 | <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/">sf</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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285 | 285 | <span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://jakubnowosad.com/spData/">spData</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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286 | 286 | <span><span class="fu"><a href="https://rspatial.github.io/terra/reference/plot.html">plot</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="fu"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/reference/st_geometry.html">st_geometry</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">world</span><span class="op">)</span>, col <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">"green"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
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287 | 287 | <p>If you post this code in a forum, it is likely that you will get a more specific and useful response.
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288 | 288 | For example, someone might respond with the following code, which demonstrably solves the problem, as illustrated in Figure <a href="conclusion.html#fig:16-synthesis-reprex">16.1</a>:</p>
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289 |
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| 289 | +<div class="sourceCode" id="cb515"><pre class="downlit sourceCode r"> |
290 | 290 | <code class="sourceCode R"><span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/">sf</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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291 | 291 | <span><span class="kw"><a href="https://rdrr.io/r/base/library.html">library</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va"><a href="https://jakubnowosad.com/spData/">spData</a></span><span class="op">)</span></span>
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292 | 292 | <span><span class="co"># use the bg argument to fill in the land</span></span>
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