common.hpp

//
// MIT license
// Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
//

//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//

#ifndef GGML_SYCL_COMMON_HPP
#define GGML_SYCL_COMMON_HPP

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

#include "dpct/helper.hpp"
#include "ggml-sycl.h"
#include "presets.hpp"
#include "sycl_hw.hpp"


#if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
#include "dnnl.hpp"
#include "dnnl_sycl.hpp"
#endif

#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_SYCL
#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_SYCL
/* suppress warning spam */
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnested-anon-types"
#include "ggml-common.h"
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#include "ggml-impl.h"

void* ggml_sycl_host_malloc(size_t size);
void ggml_sycl_host_free(void* ptr);


extern int g_ggml_sycl_debug;
extern int g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize;

#define GGML_SYCL_DEBUG(...)        \
  do {                              \
    if (g_ggml_sycl_debug)          \
      fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__); \
  } while (0)

#define CHECK_TRY_ERROR(expr)                                            \
  [&]() {                                                                \
    try {                                                                \
      expr;                                                              \
      return dpct::success;                                              \
    } catch (std::exception const& e) {                                  \
      std::cerr << e.what() << "\nException caught at file:" << __FILE__ \
                << ", line:" << __LINE__ << ", func:" << __func__        \
                << std::endl;                                            \
      return dpct::default_error;                                        \
    }                                                                    \
  }()


#define __SYCL_ARCH__ DPCT_COMPATIBILITY_TEMP
#define VER_4VEC 610 // todo for hardward optimize.
#define VER_GEN9 700 // todo for hardward optimize.
#define VER_GEN12 1000000 // todo for hardward optimize.
#define VER_GEN13 (VER_GEN12 + 1030) // todo for hardward optimize.

#define GGML_SYCL_MAX_NODES 8192 // TODO: adapt to hardwares

// define for XMX in Intel GPU
// TODO: currently, it's not used for XMX really.
#if !defined(GGML_SYCL_FORCE_MMQ)
    #define SYCL_USE_XMX
#endif

// max batch size to use MMQ kernels when tensor cores are available
#define MMQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 32

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable : 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
#endif

// dmmv = dequantize_mul_mat_vec
#ifndef GGML_SYCL_DMMV_X
#define GGML_SYCL_DMMV_X 32
#endif
#ifndef GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y
#define GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y 1
#endif

typedef sycl::queue *queue_ptr;

enum ggml_sycl_backend_gpu_mode {
  SYCL_UNSET_GPU_MODE = -1,
  SYCL_SINGLE_GPU_MODE = 0,
  SYCL_MUL_GPU_MODE
};

static_assert(sizeof(sycl::half) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t), "wrong fp16 size");

static void crash() {
  int* ptr = NULL;
  *ptr = 0;
}

[[noreturn]] static void ggml_sycl_error(
    const char* stmt,
    const char* func,
    const char* file,
    const int line,
    const char* msg) {
  fprintf(stderr, "SYCL error: %s: %s\n", stmt, msg);
  fprintf(stderr, "  in function %s at %s:%d\n", func, file, line);
  GGML_ABORT("SYCL error");
}

#define SYCL_CHECK(err)                     \
  do {                                      \
    auto err_ = (err);                      \
    if (err_ != 0)                          \
      ggml_sycl_error(                      \
          #err,                             \
          __func__,                         \
          __FILE__,                         \
          __LINE__,                         \
          "Meet error in this line code!"); \
  } while (0)

#if DPCT_COMPAT_RT_VERSION >= 11100
#define GGML_SYCL_ASSUME(x) __builtin_assume(x)
#else
#define GGML_SYCL_ASSUME(x)
#endif // DPCT_COMPAT_RT_VERSION >= 11100

#ifdef GGML_SYCL_F16
typedef sycl::half dfloat; // dequantize float
typedef sycl::half2 dfloat2;
#else
typedef float dfloat; // dequantize float
typedef sycl::float2 dfloat2;
#endif // GGML_SYCL_F16

#define MMVQ_MAX_BATCH_SIZE  8

static const int8_t kvalues_iq4nl[16]={-127, -104, -83, -65, -49, -35, -22, -10, 1, 13, 25, 38, 53, 69, 89, 113};

static int g_all_sycl_device_count = -1;
static bool g_ggml_backend_sycl_buffer_type_initialized = false;

static ggml_sycl_backend_gpu_mode g_ggml_sycl_backend_gpu_mode =
    SYCL_UNSET_GPU_MODE;

static void* g_scratch_buffer = nullptr;
static size_t g_scratch_size = 0; // disabled by default
static size_t g_scratch_offset = 0;

[[noreturn]] static inline void bad_arch(const sycl::stream& stream_ct1) {
  stream_ct1 << "ERROR: ggml-sycl was compiled without support for the "
                "current GPU architecture.\n";
  // __trap();
  std::exit(1);

  (void)bad_arch; // suppress unused function warning
}

int get_current_device_id();

inline dpct::err0 ggml_sycl_set_device(const int device) try {
  int current_device_id;
  SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(current_device_id = get_current_device_id()));

  // GGML_SYCL_DEBUG("ggml_sycl_set_device device_id=%d,
  // current_device_id=%d\n", device, current_device);
  if (device == current_device_id) {
    return 0;
  }

  return CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::select_device(device));
} catch (sycl::exception const& exc) {
  std::cerr << exc.what() << "Exception caught at file:" << __FILE__
            << ", line:" << __LINE__ << std::endl;
  crash();
  std::exit(1);
}

//////////////////////
struct optimize_feature {
    bool reorder=false;
};

struct sycl_device_info {
    int     cc;                 // compute capability
    // int     nsm;                // number of streaming multiprocessors
    // size_t  smpb;               // max. shared memory per block
    bool    vmm;                // virtual memory support
    size_t  total_vram;
    sycl_hw_info hw_info;
    optimize_feature opt_feature;
};


struct ggml_sycl_device_info {
    int device_count;

    sycl_device_info devices[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES] = {};

    std::array<float, GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES> default_tensor_split = {};

    int max_work_group_sizes[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES] = {0};
};

const ggml_sycl_device_info & ggml_sycl_info();

struct ggml_sycl_pool {
    virtual ~ggml_sycl_pool() = default;

    virtual void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) = 0;
    virtual void free(void * ptr, size_t size) = 0;
};

template<typename T>
struct ggml_sycl_pool_alloc {
    ggml_sycl_pool * pool = nullptr;
    T * ptr = nullptr;
    size_t actual_size = 0;

    explicit ggml_sycl_pool_alloc(ggml_sycl_pool & pool) : pool(&pool) {
    }

    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc(ggml_sycl_pool & pool, size_t size) : pool(&pool) {
        alloc(size);
    }

    ~ggml_sycl_pool_alloc() {
        if (ptr != nullptr) {
            pool->free(ptr, actual_size);
        }
    }

    T * realloc(size_t size) {
        GGML_ASSERT(pool != nullptr);
        if (ptr)
            pool->free(ptr, actual_size);
        ptr = (T *) pool->alloc(size * sizeof(T), &this->actual_size);
        return ptr;
    }

    // size is in number of elements
    T * alloc(size_t size) {
        GGML_ASSERT(pool != nullptr);
        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == nullptr);
        ptr = (T *) pool->alloc(size * sizeof(T), &this->actual_size);
        return ptr;
    }

    T * alloc(ggml_sycl_pool & pool, size_t size) {
        this->pool = &pool;
        return alloc(size);
    }

    T * get() {
        return ptr;
    }

    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc() = default;
    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc(const ggml_sycl_pool_alloc &) = delete;
    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc(ggml_sycl_pool_alloc &&) = delete;
    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc& operator=(const ggml_sycl_pool_alloc &) = delete;
    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc& operator=(ggml_sycl_pool_alloc &&) = delete;
};

// backend interface

struct ggml_tensor_extra_gpu {
  void* data_device[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES]; // 1 pointer for each device for split
                                       // tensors
  dpct::event_ptr events[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES]
                        [GGML_SYCL_MAX_STREAMS]; // events for synchronizing multiple GPUs
  optimize_feature optimized_feature;
};

void release_extra_gpu(ggml_tensor_extra_gpu * extra, std::vector<queue_ptr> streams={});

inline optimize_feature check_gpu_optimize_feature(syclex::architecture &arch) {
    optimize_feature opt;

    opt.reorder =
        (arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_dg1 ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_acm_g10 ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_acm_g11 ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_acm_g12 ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_pvc ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_pvc_vg ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_mtl_u ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_mtl_s ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_mtl_h ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_arl_u ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_arl_s ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_arl_h ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_bmg_g21 ||
         arch == syclex::architecture::intel_gpu_lnl_m
        );

    return opt;
}

namespace sycl_ex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
struct ggml_backend_sycl_context {
    int device;
    std::string name;
    optimize_feature opt_feature;
    bool optimized_graph=false;

    queue_ptr qptrs[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES][GGML_SYCL_MAX_STREAMS] = { { nullptr } };

    explicit ggml_backend_sycl_context(int device) :
        device(device),
        name(GGML_SYCL_NAME + std::to_string(device)) {
        opt_feature = ggml_sycl_info().devices[device].opt_feature;
    }

    queue_ptr stream(int device, int stream) {
        if (qptrs[device][stream] == nullptr) {
            qptrs[device][stream] = &(dpct::get_device(device).default_queue());
        }
        return qptrs[device][stream];
    }

    queue_ptr stream() {
        return stream(device, 0);
    }

#if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
    dnnl::engine make_engine(sycl::queue* q) {
        // Get the device associated with the queue
        sycl::device dev = q->get_device();
        // Get the context associated with the queue
        sycl::context ctx = q->get_context();
        const dnnl::engine eng = dnnl::sycl_interop::make_engine(dev, ctx);
        return eng;
    }

    std::unordered_map<sycl::queue*, dnnl::stream> stream_map;
    std::unordered_map<sycl::queue*, dnnl::engine> engine_map;
    dnnl::stream stream_dnnl(int device, int _stream) {
        auto q = stream(device, _stream);
        return stream_dnnl(q);
    }
    dnnl::engine engine_dnnl(sycl::queue* qptr) {
        auto it = engine_map.find(qptr);
        if (it == engine_map.end()) {
            auto eng = make_engine(qptr);
            engine_map[qptr] = eng;
            return eng;
        }
        else
        {
            return it->second;
        }
    }
    dnnl::stream stream_dnnl(sycl::queue* qptr) {
        auto it = stream_map.find(qptr);
        if (it == stream_map.end()) {
            auto eng = engine_dnnl(qptr);
            auto stream = dnnl::sycl_interop::make_stream(eng, *qptr);
            stream_map[qptr] = stream;
            return stream;
        }
        else
        {
            return it->second;
        }
    }
    dnnl::stream stream_dnnl() {
        return stream_dnnl(device, 0);
    }
    dnnl::memory get_scratchpad_mem(const dnnl::memory::desc & scratchpad_md,
                                    const dnnl::engine & eng, const queue_ptr q) {
        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<uint8_t> * pool;
        auto it = scratchpad_map.find(q);
        if (it == scratchpad_map.end()) {
            scratchpad_map[q] = std::make_unique<ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<uint8_t>>(this->pool());
            pool = scratchpad_map[q].get();
        } else {
            pool = it->second.get();
        }

        size_t scratchpad_size = scratchpad_md.get_size();
        if (scratchpad_size > pool->actual_size) {
            pool->realloc(scratchpad_size);
        }
        void * mem_ptr = pool->get();
        return dnnl::memory(scratchpad_md, eng, mem_ptr);
    }
#endif

    // pool
    std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> pools[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES];
    std::unordered_map<sycl::queue *, std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<uint8_t>>> scratchpad_map;

    std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> host_pools[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES];

    static std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> new_pool_for_device(queue_ptr qptr, int device);

    static std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> new_pool_for_host(queue_ptr qptr, int device);

    ggml_sycl_pool & pool(int device) {
        if (pools[device] == nullptr) {
            pools[device] = new_pool_for_device(stream(device,0), device);
        }
        return *pools[device];
    }

    ggml_sycl_pool & pool() {
        return pool(device);
    }

#ifdef GGML_SYCL_GRAPH
    std::unique_ptr<sycl_ex::command_graph<sycl_ex::graph_state::executable>> exec_graph = nullptr;
#endif

    ggml_sycl_pool & host_pool(int device) {
        if (host_pools[device] == nullptr) {
            host_pools[device] = new_pool_for_host(stream(device, 0), device);
        }
        return *host_pools[device];
    }

    ggml_sycl_pool & host_pool() { return host_pool(device); }
};

// common device functions

static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_sum(float x,
    const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
#pragma unroll
    for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
        /*
        DPCT1096:98: The right-most dimension of the work-group used in the SYCL
        kernel that calls this function may be less than "32". The function
        "dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor" may return an unexpected result on the
        CPU device. Modify the size of the work-group to ensure that the value
        of the right-most dimension is a multiple of "32".
        */
        x += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(item_ct1.get_sub_group(), x, mask);
    }
    return x;
}

static __dpct_inline__ sycl::float2
warp_reduce_sum(sycl::float2 a, const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
#pragma unroll
    for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
        a.x() += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(item_ct1.get_sub_group(), a.x(),
            mask);
        a.y() += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(item_ct1.get_sub_group(), a.y(),
            mask);
    }
    return a;
}

static __dpct_inline__ float warp_reduce_max(float x,
    const sycl::nd_item<3>& item_ct1) {
#pragma unroll
    for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
        /*
        DPCT1096:97: The right-most dimension of the work-group used in the SYCL
        kernel that calls this function may be less than "32". The function
        "dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor" may return an unexpected result on the
        CPU device. Modify the size of the work-group to ensure that the value
        of the right-most dimension is a multiple of "32".
        */
        x = sycl::fmax(x, dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(
            item_ct1.get_sub_group(), x, mask));
    }
    return x;
}

// Helper for vec loading aligned data
template <typename Tp, int n>
inline sycl::vec<Tp, n> vec_aligned_load(const Tp* aligned_ptr) {
    return *reinterpret_cast<const sycl::vec<Tp, n>*>(aligned_ptr);
}

// Helper for accessing pointers with no warnings
template <typename Tp, int dim>
static __dpct_inline__ Tp* get_pointer(sycl::local_accessor<Tp, dim> acc) {
    return acc.template get_multi_ptr<sycl::access::decorated::no>().get();
}

int64_t downsample_sycl_global_range(int64_t accumulate_block_num, int64_t block_size);

template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
static void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
        /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13,
        const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
    const int i0s = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
                    item_ct1.get_local_id(2);
    const int i1 = (item_ct1.get_local_range(1) * item_ct1.get_group(1) +
                    item_ct1.get_local_id(1));
    const int i2 = (item_ct1.get_local_range(0) * item_ct1.get_group(0) +
                    item_ct1.get_local_id(0)) /
                   ne3;
    const int i3 = (item_ct1.get_local_range(0) * item_ct1.get_group(0) +
                    item_ct1.get_local_id(0)) %
                   ne3;

    if (i0s >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
        return;
    }

    const int i11 = i1 % ne11;
    const int i12 = i2 % ne12;
    const int i13 = i3 % ne13;

    const size_t i_src0 =  i3*s03 +  i2*s02 +  i1*s01;
    const size_t i_src1 = i13*s13 + i12*s12 + i11*s11;
    const size_t i_dst  =  i3*s3  +  i2*s2  +  i1*s1;

    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 + i_src0;
    const src1_t * src1_row = src1 + i_src1;
    dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;

    for (int i0 = i0s; i0 < ne0;
         i0 += item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group_range(2)) {
        const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
    }
}

template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
static void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
        /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13,
        const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {

    const int i = item_ct1.get_local_range(2) * item_ct1.get_group(2) +
                  item_ct1.get_local_id(2);

    const int i3 = i/(ne2*ne1*ne0);
    const int i2 = (i/(ne1*ne0)) % ne2;
    const int i1 = (i/ne0) % ne1;
    const int i0 = i % ne0;

    if (i0 >= ne0 || i1 >= ne1 || i2 >= ne2 || i3 >= ne3) {
        return;
    }

    const int i11 = i1 % ne11;
    const int i12 = i2 % ne12;
    const int i13 = i3 % ne13;

    const size_t i_src0 =  i3*s03 +  i2*s02 +  i1*s01;
    const size_t i_src1 = i13*s13 + i12*s12 + i11*s11;
    const size_t i_dst  =  i3*s3  +  i2*s2  +  i1*s1;

    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 + i_src0;
    const src1_t * src1_row = src1 + i_src1;
    dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;

    const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
}


template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float)>
struct bin_bcast_sycl {
    template <typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
    void operator()(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
                    const struct ggml_tensor *src0,
                    const struct ggml_tensor *src1, struct ggml_tensor *dst,
                    const src0_t *src0_dd, const src1_t *src1_dd, dst_t *dst_dd,
                    queue_ptr stream) {

        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS

        int nr0 = ne10/ne0;
        int nr1 = ne11/ne1;
        int nr2 = ne12/ne2;
        int nr3 = ne13/ne3;

        int nr[4] = { nr0, nr1, nr2, nr3 };

        // collapse dimensions until first broadcast dimension
        int64_t cne[] = {ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3};
        int64_t cne0[] = {ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03};
        int64_t cne1[] = {ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13};
        size_t cnb[] = {nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3};
        size_t cnb0[] = {nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03};
        size_t cnb1[] = {nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13};
        auto collapse = [](int64_t cne[]) {
            cne[0] *= cne[1];
            cne[1] = cne[2];
            cne[2] = cne[3];
            cne[3] = 1;
        };

        auto collapse_nb = [](size_t cnb[], int64_t cne[]) {
            cnb[1] *= cne[1];
            cnb[2] *= cne[2];
            cnb[3] *= cne[3];
        };

        if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if (nr[i] != 1) {
                    break;
                }
                if (i > 0) {
                    collapse_nb(cnb, cne);
                    collapse_nb(cnb0, cne0);
                    collapse_nb(cnb1, cne1);
                    collapse(cne);
                    collapse(cne0);
                    collapse(cne1);
                }
            }
        }
        {
            int64_t ne0 = cne[0];
            int64_t ne1 = cne[1];
            int64_t ne2 = cne[2];
            int64_t ne3 = cne[3];

            int64_t ne10 = cne1[0];
            int64_t ne11 = cne1[1];
            int64_t ne12 = cne1[2];
            int64_t ne13 = cne1[3];

            size_t nb0 = cnb[0];
            size_t nb1 = cnb[1];
            size_t nb2 = cnb[2];
            size_t nb3 = cnb[3];

            size_t nb00 = cnb0[0];
            size_t nb01 = cnb0[1];
            size_t nb02 = cnb0[2];
            size_t nb03 = cnb0[3];

            size_t nb10 = cnb1[0];
            size_t nb11 = cnb1[1];
            size_t nb12 = cnb1[2];
            size_t nb13 = cnb1[3];

            size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
            size_t s1 = nb1 / sizeof(dst_t);
            size_t s2 = nb2 / sizeof(dst_t);
            size_t s3 = nb3 / sizeof(dst_t);

            size_t s10 = nb10 / sizeof(src1_t);
            size_t s11 = nb11 / sizeof(src1_t);
            size_t s12 = nb12 / sizeof(src1_t);
            size_t s13 = nb13 / sizeof(src1_t);

            size_t s00 = nb00 / sizeof(src0_t);
            size_t s01 = nb01 / sizeof(src0_t);
            size_t s02 = nb02 / sizeof(src0_t);
            size_t s03 = nb03 / sizeof(src0_t);

            GGML_UNUSED(s00);

            GGML_ASSERT(nb0 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb1 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb2 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb3 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);

            GGML_ASSERT(nb00 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb02 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb03 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);

            GGML_ASSERT(nb10 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb11 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
            GGML_ASSERT(nb13 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);

            GGML_ASSERT(s0 == 1);
            GGML_ASSERT(s10 == 1);

            const int block_size = 128;

            int64_t hne0 = std::max(ne0/2LL, 1LL);

            sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, 1, 1);
            block_dims[2] = std::min<unsigned int>(hne0, block_size);
            block_dims[1] = std::min<unsigned int>(
                ne1, block_size / (unsigned int)block_dims[2]);
            block_dims[0] = std::min(
                std::min<unsigned int>(
                    ne2 * ne3, block_size / (unsigned int)block_dims[2] /
                                   (unsigned int)block_dims[1]),
                64U);

            sycl::range<3> block_nums(
                (ne2 * ne3 + block_dims[0] - 1) / block_dims[0],
                (ne1 + block_dims[1] - 1) / block_dims[1],
                (hne0 + block_dims[2] - 1) / block_dims[2]);

            if (block_nums[0] > 65535) {
                // this is the maximum number of blocks in z direction, fallback to 1D grid kernel
                int block_num = (ne0*ne1*ne2*ne3 + block_size - 1) / block_size;
                {
                    dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                                 {sycl::aspect::fp16});

                    stream->parallel_for(
                        sycl::nd_range<3>(sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_num) *
                                              sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_size),
                                          sycl::range<3>(1, 1, block_size)),
                        [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                            k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op>(
                                src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
                                ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, s1, s2, s3, s01, s02,
                                s03, s11, s12, s13, item_ct1);
                        });
                }
            } else {
                /*
                DPCT1049:16: The work-group size passed to the SYCL kernel may
                exceed the limit. To get the device limit, query
                info::device::max_work_group_size. Adjust the work-group size if
                needed.
                */
                dpct::has_capability_or_fail(stream->get_device(),
                                             {sycl::aspect::fp16});

                stream->parallel_for(
                    sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
                    [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item_ct1) {
                        k_bin_bcast<bin_op>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne0, ne1,
                                            ne2, ne3, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
                                            s1, s2, s3, s01, s02, s03, s11, s12, s13,
                                            item_ct1);
                    });
            }
        }
        GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
    }
};

template <class op>
inline void ggml_sycl_op_bin_bcast(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor *src0,
                                   const ggml_tensor *src1, ggml_tensor *dst) {
    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();

    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
        op()(ctx, src0, src1, dst, (const float *)src0->data, (const float *)src1->data, (float *)dst->data, main_stream);
    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
        op()(ctx, src0, src1, dst, (const sycl::half *)src0->data, (const float *)src1->data,
             (sycl::half *)dst->data, main_stream);
    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
        op()(ctx, src0, src1, dst, (const sycl::half *)src0->data, (const float *)src1->data, (float *)dst->data,
             main_stream);
    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
        op()(ctx, src0, src1, dst, (const int32_t *)src0->data, (const int32_t *)src1->data, (int32_t *)dst->data,
             main_stream);
    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I16) {
        op()(ctx, src0, src1, dst, (const int16_t *)src0->data, (const int16_t *)src1->data, (int16_t *)dst->data,
             main_stream);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported types: dst: %s, src0: %s, src1: %s\n", __func__,
            ggml_type_name(dst->type), ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));
        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
    }
}

bool gpu_has_xmx(sycl::device &dev);

constexpr size_t ceil_div(const size_t m, const size_t n) {
    return (m + n - 1) / n;
}

#endif // GGML_SYCL_COMMON_HPP