Use two hooks for black: to check, and format

This splits the pre-commit hook for black into two hooks, both
using the same repo and id but separately aliased:

- black-check, which checks but does not modify files. This only
  runs when the manual stage is specified, and it is used by tox
  and on CI, with tox.ini and lint.yml modified accordingly.

- black-format, which autoformats code. This provides the behavior
  most users will expect from a pre-commit hook for black. It runs
  automatically along with other hooks. But tox.ini and lint.yml,
  in addition to enabling the black-check hook, also explicitly
  skip the black-format hook.

The effect is that in ordinary development the pre-commit hook for
black does auto-formatting, but that pre-commit continues to be
used effectively for running checks in which code should not be
changed.

Author: EliahKagan

Diff for: .github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: "3.x"
 
     - uses: pre-commit/[email protected]
+      with:
+        extra_args: --hook-stage manual
+      env:
+        SKIP: black-format

Diff for: .pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -3,8 +3,16 @@ repos:
     rev: 23.9.1
     hooks:
       - id: black
+        alias: black-check
+        name: black (check)
         args: [--check, --diff]
         exclude: ^git/ext/
+        stages: [manual]
+
+      - id: black
+        alias: black-format
+        name: black (format)
+        exclude: ^git/ext/
 
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
     rev: 6.1.0

Diff for: README.md

@@ -142,22 +142,22 @@ To test, run:
 pytest
 ```
 
-To lint, run:
+To lint, and apply automatic code formatting, run:
 
 ```bash
 pre-commit run --all-files
 ```
 
-To typecheck, run:
+Code formatting can also be done by itself by running:
 
-```bash
-mypy -p git
+```
+black .
 ```
 
-For automatic code formatting, run:
+To typecheck, run:
 
 ```bash
-black .
+mypy -p git
 ```
 
 Configuration for flake8 is in the `./.flake8` file.

Diff for: tox.ini

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ commands = pytest --color=yes {posargs}
 [testenv:lint]
 description = Lint via pre-commit
 base_python = py39
-commands = pre-commit run --all-files
+set_env =
+    SKIP = black-format
+commands = pre-commit run --all-files --hook-stage manual
 
 [testenv:mypy]
 description = Typecheck with mypy