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| 21 | + <div class="example" id="arrays"> |
| 22 | + <h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Arrays</h2> |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | + <table> |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | + <tr> |
| 27 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 28 | + <p>In Go, an <em>array</em> is a numbered sequence of elements of a |
| 29 | +specific length.</p> |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | + </td> |
| 32 | + <td class="code empty leading"> |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | + </td> |
| 35 | + </tr> |
| 36 | + |
| 37 | + <tr> |
| 38 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | + </td> |
| 41 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 42 | + <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span> |
| 43 | +</pre></div> |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | + </td> |
| 46 | + </tr> |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | + <tr> |
| 49 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | + </td> |
| 52 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 53 | + <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">"fmt"</span> |
| 54 | +</pre></div> |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | + </td> |
| 57 | + </tr> |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | + <tr> |
| 60 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | + </td> |
| 63 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 64 | + <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span> |
| 65 | +</pre></div> |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | + </td> |
| 68 | + </tr> |
| 69 | + |
| 70 | + <tr> |
| 71 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 72 | + <p>Here we create an array <code>a</code> that will hold exactly |
| 73 | +5 <code>int</code>s. The type of elements and length are both |
| 74 | +part of the array’s type. By default an array is |
| 75 | +zero-valued, which for <code>int</code>s means <code>0</code>s.</p> |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | + </td> |
| 78 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 79 | + <div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span> |
| 80 | + <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"emp:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| 81 | +</pre></div> |
| 82 | + |
| 83 | + </td> |
| 84 | + </tr> |
| 85 | + |
| 86 | + <tr> |
| 87 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 88 | + <p>We can set a value at an index using the |
| 89 | +<code>array[index] = value</code> syntax, and get a value with |
| 90 | +<code>array[index]</code>.</p> |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | + </td> |
| 93 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 94 | + <div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span> |
| 95 | + <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"set:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| 96 | + <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"get:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">])</span> |
| 97 | +</pre></div> |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | + </td> |
| 100 | + </tr> |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | + <tr> |
| 103 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 104 | + <p>The builtin <code>len</code> returns the length of an array.</p> |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | + </td> |
| 107 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 108 | + <div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"len:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="p">))</span> |
| 109 | +</pre></div> |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | + </td> |
| 112 | + </tr> |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | + <tr> |
| 115 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 116 | + <p>Use this syntax to declare and initalize an array |
| 117 | +in one line.</p> |
| 118 | + |
| 119 | + </td> |
| 120 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 121 | + <div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">b</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">}</span> |
| 122 | + <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"dcl:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| 123 | +</pre></div> |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | + </td> |
| 126 | + </tr> |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | + <tr> |
| 129 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 130 | + <p>Array types are one-dimensional, but you can |
| 131 | +compose types to build multi-dimensional data |
| 132 | +structures.</p> |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | + </td> |
| 135 | + <td class="code"> |
| 136 | + <div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">twoD</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span> |
| 137 | + <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span> |
| 138 | + <span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span> |
| 139 | + <span class="nx">twoD</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nx">j</span> |
| 140 | + <span class="p">}</span> |
| 141 | + <span class="p">}</span> |
| 142 | + <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"2d: "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">twoD</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| 143 | +<span class="p">}</span> |
| 144 | +</pre></div> |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | + </td> |
| 147 | + </tr> |
| 148 | + |
| 149 | + </table> |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | + <table> |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | + <tr> |
| 154 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 155 | + <p>Note that arrays appear in the form <code>[v1 v2 v3 ...]</code> |
| 156 | +when printed with <code>fmt.Println</code>.</p> |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | + </td> |
| 159 | + <td class="code leading"> |
| 160 | + <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run arrays.go |
| 161 | +<span class="go">emp: [0 0 0 0 0]</span> |
| 162 | +<span class="go">set: [0 0 0 0 100]</span> |
| 163 | +<span class="go">get: 100</span> |
| 164 | +<span class="go">len: 5</span> |
| 165 | +<span class="go">dcl: [1 2 3 4 5]</span> |
| 166 | +<span class="go">2d: [[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]</span> |
| 167 | +</pre></div> |
| 168 | + |
| 169 | + </td> |
| 170 | + </tr> |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | + <tr> |
| 173 | + <td class="docs"> |
| 174 | + <p>You’ll see <em>slices</em> much more often than arrays in |
| 175 | +typical Go. We’ll look at slices next.</p> |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | + </td> |
| 178 | + <td class="code empty"> |
| 179 | + |
| 180 | + </td> |
| 181 | + </tr> |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | + </table> |
| 184 | + |
| 185 | + |
| 186 | + <p class="next"> |
| 187 | + Next example: <a href="slices">Slices</a>. |
| 188 | + </p> |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | + <p class="footer"> |
| 191 | + <a href="https://twitter.com/gobyexample">@gobyexample</a> | <a href="mailto: [email protected]">feedback</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample/blob/master/examples/arrays">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a> |
| 192 | + </p> |
| 193 | + </div> |
| 194 | + </body> |
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