diff --git a/xls/ir/instantiation.h b/xls/ir/instantiation.h
index 561d7a69ef..f937fd576b 100644
--- a/xls/ir/instantiation.h
+++ b/xls/ir/instantiation.h
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ absl::StatusOr<InstantiationKind> StringToInstantiationKind(
     std::string_view str);
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, InstantiationKind kind);
 
+template <typename Sink>
+void AbslStringify(Sink& sink, const InstantiationKind kind) {
+  absl::Format(&sink, "%s", InstantiationKindToString(kind));
+}
+
 struct InstantiationPort {
   std::string name;
   Type* type;
diff --git a/xls/ir/ir_matcher.cc b/xls/ir/ir_matcher.cc
index 55cb6cec6a..0ab662da89 100644
--- a/xls/ir/ir_matcher.cc
+++ b/xls/ir/ir_matcher.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
@@ -674,14 +675,14 @@ void MinDelayMatcher::DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
 bool InstantiationMatcher::MatchAndExplain(
     const ::xls::Instantiation* instantiation,
     ::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
-  *listener << instantiation->name();
   if (name_.has_value() &&
       !name_->MatchAndExplain(instantiation->name(), listener)) {
     return false;
   }
 
   if (kind_.has_value() && *kind_ != instantiation->kind()) {
-    *listener << " has incorrect kind, expected: " << *kind_;
+    *listener << absl::StreamFormat("%s has incorrect kind, expected: %v",
+                                    instantiation->name(), *kind_);
     return false;
   }
   return true;
@@ -715,5 +716,79 @@ void InstantiationMatcher::DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const {
                             name_str, kind_str);
 }
 
+bool InstantiationOutputMatcher::MatchAndExplain(
+    const Node* node, ::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  if (!NodeMatcher::MatchAndExplain(node, listener)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (port_name_.has_value() &&
+      !port_name_->MatchAndExplain(
+          node->As<::xls::InstantiationOutput>()->port_name(), listener)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (instantiation_.has_value() &&
+      !instantiation_->MatchAndExplain(
+          node->As<::xls::InstantiationOutput>()->instantiation(), listener)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void InstantiationOutputMatcher::DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+  std::vector<std::string> additional_fields;
+  if (port_name_.has_value()) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "name=\"";
+    port_name_->DescribeTo(&ss);
+    ss << '"';
+    additional_fields.push_back(std::move(ss).str());
+  }
+  if (instantiation_.has_value()) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "instantiation=\"";
+    instantiation_->DescribeTo(&ss);
+    ss << '"';
+    additional_fields.push_back(std::move(ss).str());
+  }
+  DescribeToHelper(os, additional_fields);
+}
+
+bool InstantiationInputMatcher::MatchAndExplain(
+    const Node* node, ::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const {
+  if (!NodeMatcher::MatchAndExplain(node, listener)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (name_.has_value() &&
+      !name_->MatchAndExplain(node->As<xls::InstantiationInput>()->port_name(),
+                              listener)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (instantiation_.has_value() &&
+      !instantiation_->MatchAndExplain(
+          node->As<::xls::InstantiationInput>()->instantiation(), listener)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void InstantiationInputMatcher::DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const {
+  std::vector<std::string> additional_fields;
+  if (name_.has_value()) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "name=\"";
+    name_->DescribeTo(&ss);
+    ss << '"';
+    additional_fields.push_back(std::move(ss).str());
+  }
+  if (instantiation_.has_value()) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "instantiation=\"";
+    instantiation_->DescribeTo(&ss);
+    ss << '"';
+    additional_fields.push_back(std::move(ss).str());
+  }
+  DescribeToHelper(os, additional_fields);
+}
+
 }  // namespace op_matchers
 }  // namespace xls
diff --git a/xls/ir/ir_matcher.h b/xls/ir/ir_matcher.h
index 183ed11214..984c278665 100644
--- a/xls/ir/ir_matcher.h
+++ b/xls/ir/ir_matcher.h
@@ -1385,25 +1385,28 @@ class InstantiationMatcher {
   std::optional<InstantiationKind> kind_;
 };
 
-inline InstantiationMatcher Instantiation(
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*> Instantiation(
     std::optional<std::string> name = std::nullopt) {
-  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(std::move(name),
-                                                  std::nullopt);
+  if (name.has_value()) {
+    return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(
+        internal::NameMatcherInternal(std::move(name).value()), std::nullopt);
+  }
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
 }
 
-inline InstantiationMatcher Instantiation(
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*> Instantiation(
     std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const std::string>> name = std::nullopt) {
   return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(std::move(name),
                                                   std::nullopt);
 }
 
-inline InstantiationMatcher Instantiation(std::string name,
-                                          InstantiationKind kind) {
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*> Instantiation(
+    std::string name, InstantiationKind kind) {
   return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(
       internal::NameMatcherInternal(std::move(name)), kind);
 }
 
-inline InstantiationMatcher Instantiation(
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*> Instantiation(
     ::testing::Matcher<const std::string> name, InstantiationKind kind) {
   return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(std::move(name), kind);
 }
@@ -1412,6 +1415,105 @@ inline InstantiationMatcher Instantiation(InstantiationKind kind) {
   return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationMatcher(std::nullopt, kind);
 }
 
+class InstantiationOutputMatcher : public NodeMatcher {
+ public:
+  using is_gtest_matcher = void;
+
+  explicit InstantiationOutputMatcher(
+      std::optional<::testing::Matcher<std::string>> port_name,
+      std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const class Instantiation*>>
+          instantiation)
+      : NodeMatcher(Op::kInstantiationOutput, /*operands=*/{}),
+        port_name_(std::move(port_name)),
+        instantiation_(std::move(instantiation)) {}
+
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const Node* node,
+                       ::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const override;
+  void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override;
+  void DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const override {
+    *os << "did not match: ";
+    DescribeTo(os);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::optional<::testing::Matcher<std::string>> port_name_;
+  std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const class Instantiation*>> instantiation_;
+};
+
+class InstantiationInputMatcher : public NodeMatcher {
+ public:
+  using is_gtest_matcher = void;
+
+  explicit InstantiationInputMatcher(
+      ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> data,
+      std::optional<::testing::Matcher<std::string>> name,
+      std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const class Instantiation*>>
+          instantiation)
+      : NodeMatcher(Op::kInstantiationInput,
+                    /*operands=*/{std::move(data)}),
+        name_(std::move(name)),
+        instantiation_(std::move(instantiation)) {}
+
+  bool MatchAndExplain(const Node* node,
+                       ::testing::MatchResultListener* listener) const override;
+  void DescribeTo(::std::ostream* os) const override;
+  void DescribeNegationTo(std::ostream* os) const override {
+    *os << "did not match: ";
+    DescribeTo(os);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::optional<::testing::Matcher<std::string>> name_;
+  std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const class Instantiation*>> instantiation_;
+};
+
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> InstantiationOutput() {
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationOutputMatcher(std::nullopt,
+                                                        std::nullopt);
+}
+
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> InstantiationOutput(
+    const char* port_name,
+    std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*>>
+        instantiation = std::nullopt) {
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationOutputMatcher(
+      internal::NameMatcherInternal(std::string{port_name}),
+      std::move(instantiation));
+}
+
+inline ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> InstantiationOutput(
+    ::testing::Matcher<std::string> port_name,
+    std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*>>
+        instantiation = std::nullopt) {
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationOutputMatcher(
+      std::move(port_name), std::move(instantiation));
+}
+
+inline ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationInputMatcher InstantiationInput(
+    ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> data =
+        ::testing::A<const ::xls::Node*>()) {
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationInputMatcher(
+      std::move(data), std::nullopt, std::nullopt);
+}
+
+inline ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationInputMatcher InstantiationInput(
+    ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> data,
+    ::testing::Matcher<std::string> name,
+    std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*>>
+        instantiation = std::nullopt) {
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationInputMatcher(
+      std::move(data), std::move(name), std::move(instantiation));
+}
+
+inline ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationInputMatcher InstantiationInput(
+    ::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Node*> data, const char* name,
+    std::optional<::testing::Matcher<const ::xls::Instantiation*>>
+        instantiation = std::nullopt) {
+  return ::xls::op_matchers::InstantiationInputMatcher(
+      std::move(data), internal::NameMatcherInternal(std::string{name}),
+      std::move(instantiation));
+}
+
 }  // namespace op_matchers
 }  // namespace xls
 
diff --git a/xls/ir/ir_matcher_test.cc b/xls/ir/ir_matcher_test.cc
index c329aa5ffa..02c250befa 100644
--- a/xls/ir/ir_matcher_test.cc
+++ b/xls/ir/ir_matcher_test.cc
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ TEST(IrMatchersTest, InstantiationMatcher) {
   BValue x = bb.InputPort("x", u32);
   BValue y = bb.InputPort("y", u32);
 
-  bb.InstantiationInput(add0, "a", x);
+  BValue a = bb.InstantiationInput(add0, "a", x);
   bb.InstantiationInput(add0, "b", y);
   BValue x_plus_y = bb.InstantiationOutput(add0, "result");
   bb.OutputPort("x_plus_y", x_plus_y);
@@ -653,6 +653,31 @@ TEST(IrMatchersTest, InstantiationMatcher) {
   EXPECT_THAT(Explain(block->GetInstantiations().at(0),
                       m::Instantiation(InstantiationKind::kExtern)),
               HasSubstr("add0 has incorrect kind, expected: extern"));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      block->nodes(),
+      AllOf(
+          Contains(m::InstantiationOutput()),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationOutput("result")),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationOutput(HasSubstr("res"))),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationOutput("result", m::Instantiation("add0"))),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort("x"))),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort(HasSubstr("x")))),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort("x"), "a")),
+          Contains(m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort("x"), "a",
+                                         m::Instantiation("add0")))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(a.node(), ::testing::Not(m::InstantiationInput(
+                            m::InputPort("x"), HasSubstr("b"),
+                            m::Instantiation("add0"))));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(a.node(), m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort("y"))),
+              HasSubstr("x has incorrect name, expected: y."));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(a.node(), m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort("x"), "b")),
+              HasSubstr("a has incorrect name, expected: b."));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      Explain(a.node(), m::InstantiationInput(m::InputPort("x"), "a",
+                                              m::Instantiation("add1"))),
+      HasSubstr("add0 has incorrect name, expected: add1."));
 }
 
 }  // namespace