[SPARK-31727][SQL] Fix error message of casting timestamp to int in ANSI non-codegen mode

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Change timestamp casting to int in ANSI and non-codegen mode, and make the error message consistent to the error messages in the codegen mode. In particular, casting to int is implemented in the same way as casting to short and byte.

### Why are the changes needed?
1. The error message in the non-codegen mode is diversed from the error message in the codegen mode.
2. The error message contains intermediate results that could confuse.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes. Before the changes, the error message of casting timestamp to int contains intermediate result but after the changes it contains the input values which causes arithmetic overflow.

### How was this patch tested?
By running the modified test suite `AnsiCastSuite`.

Closes apache#28549 from MaxGekk/fix-error-msg-cast-timestamp.

Authored-by: Max Gekk <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <[email protected]>

Author: MaxGekk

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/Cast.scala

@@ -511,7 +511,14 @@ abstract class CastBase extends UnaryExpression with TimeZoneAwareExpression wit
     case DateType =>
       buildCast[Int](_, d => null)
     case TimestampType if ansiEnabled =>
-      buildCast[Long](_, t => LongExactNumeric.toInt(timestampToLong(t)))
+      buildCast[Long](_, t => {
+        val longValue = timestampToLong(t)
+        if (longValue == longValue.toInt) {
+          longValue.toInt
+        } else {
+          throw new ArithmeticException(s"Casting $t to int causes overflow")
+        }
+      })
     case TimestampType =>
       buildCast[Long](_, t => timestampToLong(t).toInt)
     case x: NumericType if ansiEnabled =>

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/CastSuite.scala

@@ -1355,16 +1355,14 @@ class AnsiCastSuite extends CastSuiteBase {
   }
 
   test("cast a timestamp before the epoch 1970-01-01 00:00:00Z") {
+    def errMsg(t: String): String = s"Casting -2198208303900000 to $t causes overflow"
     withDefaultTimeZone(UTC) {
       val negativeTs = Timestamp.valueOf("1900-05-05 18:34:56.1")
       assert(negativeTs.getTime < 0)
       val expectedSecs = Math.floorDiv(negativeTs.getTime, MILLIS_PER_SECOND)
-      checkExceptionInExpression[ArithmeticException](
-        cast(negativeTs, ByteType), "to byte causes overflow")
-      checkExceptionInExpression[ArithmeticException](
-        cast(negativeTs, ShortType), "to short causes overflow")
-      checkExceptionInExpression[ArithmeticException](
-        cast(negativeTs, IntegerType), "to int causes overflow")
+      checkExceptionInExpression[ArithmeticException](cast(negativeTs, ByteType), errMsg("byte"))
+      checkExceptionInExpression[ArithmeticException](cast(negativeTs, ShortType), errMsg("short"))
+      checkExceptionInExpression[ArithmeticException](cast(negativeTs, IntegerType), errMsg("int"))
       checkEvaluation(cast(negativeTs, LongType), expectedSecs)
     }
   }