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‎README.md

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‎Week01/W01_1/W_01_1_01_Lesson.cs

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/*
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Note that in this week we will not have the Main method or methods,
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It is just organized this way so it is easier for you to read
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The order of the methods is the order the lesson should be given
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Contents:
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* Variables
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* Operators
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* Comments
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* Output
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* String Concatenation
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* Input
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* Conversion From String
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* Conversion Double Int
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* Conversion Int Double
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* Input ReadKey
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* Be Careful With Read (optional)
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* Types of errors - compiler errors, warnings, run time errors, logical errors
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Class Exercises: W_01_1_C01 - W_01_1_C03
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*/
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public static class W_01_1_01_Lesson
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{
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public static void Variables()
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{
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//sizeof(int) if you are interested -> answer is in bytes
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string surname = "Smith"; //NA
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char initial; //16 bit
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int age = 24; //32 bits
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double height = 165.3; //64 bits
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bool male = false; //8 bits
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// Error initial has not been assigned
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// char initialCopy = initial;
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initial = 'J';
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age = 25;
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var message = "Hello";
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// Advise to avoid var in the beginning
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// Error must use var in one line
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// var city;
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// city = "Rotterdam";
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string fName = "Tim", mName = "van de", lName = "Berg";
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}
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public static void Operators()
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{
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int num1 = 10;
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int num2 = 4;
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int sum = num1 + num2;
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int diff = num1 - num2;
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int mul = num1 * num2;
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// If you divide an integer by an integer then the result is an integer with the decimal part is truncated
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int div = num1 / num2;
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int mod1 = num1 % num2;
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double num3 = 10.0;
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// If there is a double in the expression, the result will be a double
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double divDouble = num3 / num2;
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double myCalculation = 1 + 10 / 4 + 1.5;
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//Shortcuts
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num1 = num1 + 1;
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num1++;
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++num1;
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int increase1 = num1++;
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int increase2 = ++num1;
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num2 = num2 - 1;
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num2--;
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--num2;
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int decrease1 = num1--;
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int decrease2 = --num1;
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num1 = num1 + 2;
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num1 += 2;
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// -= /= *=
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}
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public static void Comments()
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{
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// This is a comment
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/*
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This
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is
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a
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multiline
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comment
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*/
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}
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public static void Output()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
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Console.Write("Why do Java programmers ");
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Console.Write("have to ");
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Console.WriteLine("wear glasses?");
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Console.WriteLine("Because they don't C#");
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}
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public static void StringConcatenation()
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{
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string surname = "Smith";
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char initial = 'J';
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int age = 24;
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double height = 165.3;
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bool male = false;
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age = 25;
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string information = "Name: " + initial + ", " + surname + "\nAge: " + age +
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"\nHeight: " + height + "\nMale?: " + male;
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//need to turn on autocomplete in IDE
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string informationInterpolated = $"Name: {initial}, {surname}\nAge: {age}" +
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$"\nHeight: {height}\nMale?: {male}";
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Console.WriteLine(information);
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Console.WriteLine(informationInterpolated);
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}
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public static void Input()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("What is your favorite quote?");
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// Explain warning: There is a chance that null (absence of a string) is stored
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// Will learn about null later in the course
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string quote = Console.ReadLine();
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Console.WriteLine($"{quote}\nThat is a nice quote!");
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}
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public static void ConversionFromString()
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{
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string initialStr = "S";
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string ageStr = "24";
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string heightStr = "165.3";
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/*
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Explain that ToChar, ToInt32 and ToDouble are methods (aka functions)
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Introduction to C# documentation
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.convert?view=net-6.0
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*/
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char initial = Convert.ToChar(initialStr);
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int age = Convert.ToInt32(ageStr);
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// Depending on locale settings you may need to enter a , or a .
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double height = Convert.ToDouble(heightStr);
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/*
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Show that if you enter a value that cannot be converted
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you get an exception. Explain exceptions. From Microsoft:
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"Exceptions in C# provide a structured, uniform, and type-safe way of handling both
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system level and application-level error conditions."
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For now, in exercises they can assume input will be valid.
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Next lesson we will look at data validation. Later on in the course they will
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learn more about exceptions.
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*/
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}
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public static void ConversionIntDouble()
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{
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// an int (32 bit) can fit in a double (64 bit) without data loss
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int myInt = 100;
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double convertIntToDouble = myInt;
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}
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public static void ConversionDoubleInt()
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{
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/*
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When converting from double to int the decimal part
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is rounded towards zero to the nearest integral value
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(so effectively it is truncated)
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*/
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double aDouble = 9.18;
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int aDoubleToInt = (int)aDouble;
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double bDouble = 99.999;
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int bDoubleToInt = (int)bDouble;
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double cDouble = -8.63;
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int cDoubleToInt = (int)cDouble;
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// Usually, if the double does fit inside an int a certain value is returned
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// No need to cover but FYI: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/statements/checked-and-unchecked
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double dDouble = int.MaxValue + 1.0;
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int dDoubleToInt = (int)dDouble;
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double eDouble = int.MaxValue + 100.0;
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int eDoubleToInt = (int)eDouble;
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// Exception
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// int tryConvert = Convert.ToInt32(dDouble);
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}
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// Ensure to tell the students that this will not work in CodeGrade
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public static void InputReadKey()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("What is your favorite letter?");
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char letter = Console.ReadKey().KeyChar;
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Console.WriteLine($"{letter} is a nice letter!");
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}
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public static void Errors()
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{
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/*
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Compiler Error - error corresponding to syntax or semantics
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No need to compile to see errors -
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VS Code uses built in analyzers to identify compiler errors as you type
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Identified by a red "squiggle" underscore. Hover over it for additional details.
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Also listed in "Problems" tab (click to go to error)
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Can use filter to see only errors
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Read what the compiler says. Then, based on that, examine your program to determine what the problem is.
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For more information on the error look the error code up here:
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/compiler-messages/
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*/
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// int x = 5 // Syntax error: missing semicolon
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// int x = 2; // Semantics error: Duplicate variables
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/*
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Warning - Code will still compile (and therefore run) but there may there may be mistakes
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For more information on the error look the error code up here:
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/compiler-messages/
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*/
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int age = 5; // warning
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string quote = Console.ReadLine(); // nullable warning
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/*
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Runtime errors - occur if an issue is encountered while the program is running
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For more information on the error look the Exception name up here:
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system?view=net-6.0
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*/
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string greeting = "hello";
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int num = Convert.ToInt32(greeting); // Exception has occurred: CLR/System.FormatException
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/*
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Logical errors - No error or warning is given, but the code does not behave as you intend it to
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These errors can be identified when testing your code.
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To solve these errors, read and debug your code.
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*/
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int xPosition = 0;
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int moveRight = xPosition - 1;
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int yPosition = 0;
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int moveUp = yPosition++;
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}
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// Leave this out if you like, a little confusing perhaps?
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public static void BeCarefulWithRead()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("What is your favorite letter?");
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//letter is an int, not a char :(
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int letter = Console.Read();
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Console.WriteLine($"The letter {letter} is a nice letter");
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Console.WriteLine("What is your second favorite letter?");
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// letter2 will be the enter character
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int letter2 = Console.Read();
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Console.WriteLine($"The letter {letter2} is also a nice letter");
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}
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/**********************************************
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* W_01_1_C01 - W_01_1_C03 *
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***********************************************/
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}

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