Initial import of basic Python material

Author: rvuduc

001-values.ipynb

@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@
     "\n",
     "Key concepts\n",
     "* Primitive values and types: `int`, `float`, `complex`, `bool`, `str`, and `NoneType`\n",
-    "* Type queries\n",
-    "* Basic string operations\n",
-    "* Slicing and `slice` objects"
+    "    - Type promotion\n",
+    "    - Type queries\n",
+    "* Strings\n",
+    "    - Indexing\n",
+    "    - Slicing and `slice` objects\n",
+    "* Booleans and bit manipulation\n",
+    "* Syntatic sugar: Update operations"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -172,6 +176,15 @@
     "print(type(5.0), isinstance(5.0, complex)) # Does not always behave as expected"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "(5.0).is_integer() # Special test for floating-point values"
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
@@ -191,6 +204,42 @@
     "print(x is None, x is not None) # Preferred idiom"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**\"Big\" integers by default.** Integers do not \"overflow\" as they do in most other languages."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "print('(a)', 3**4)\n",
+    "print('(b)', 3**40)\n",
+    "print('(c)', 3**400)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**Math functions.** For numerical values, many of the functions you might want are available in the `math` module."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import math\n",
+    "\n",
+    "math"
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
@@ -392,7 +441,28 @@
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
    "source": [
-    "## Boolean (logical) values and operations\n",
+    "## Booleans and bit manipulation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Boolean variables can take on the values of `True` or `False`. The built-in boolean operations are `and`, `or`, and `not`."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "print(True and False)\n",
+    "print(True or True)\n",
+    "print(not True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "In addition to booleans, you can also perform bit-level manipulations on integers. The following operators perform logical operations bitwise between the corresponding bits of the operands.\n",
+    "\n",
     "\n",
     "| Operator     | Name            | Description                                 |\n",
     "|--------------|-----------------|---------------------------------------------|\n",
@@ -404,14 +474,35 @@
     "| ``~a``       | Bitwise NOT     | Bitwise negation of ``a``                          |"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "First, some different ways to inspect the binary representations of integer values as strings (see also [`bin()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bin) in the Python docs):"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "print(bin(5))\n",
+    "print(format(5, '#b'))\n",
+    "print(format(5, 'b')) # no prefix\n",
+    "print(f'{5:#b}', f'{5:b}')\n",
+    "print('{:07b}'.format(5)) # 7 bits with leading zeros"
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": null,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "print(True & False)\n",
-    "print(True ^ True)"
+    "print('{:06b}'.format(5)) # or use '{:#06b}' for a 6-bit string prefixed by '0b'\n",
+    "print('{:06b}'.format(13))\n",
+    "print('{:06b}'.format(5 & 13))"
    ]
   },
   {