Add basic types exercise to cheat sheet and course schedule.

Author: hageboeck

exercises/ExerciseSchedule_EssentialCourse.md

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ Day 1 - Basics Exercises
 
 ### Hello World (directory: [`hello`](hello), [CheatSheet](ExercisesCheatSheet.md#hello-world-directory-hello))
 
+### Basic types (directory: [`basicTypes`](basicTypes), [CheatSheet](ExercisesCheatSheet.md#basic-types-directory-basictypes))
+
 ### Functions (directory: [`functions`](functions), [CheatSheet](ExercisesCheatSheet.md#functions-directory-functions))
 
 ### Control Structures (directory: [`control`](control), [CheatSheet](ExercisesCheatSheet.md#control-structures-directory-control))

exercises/ExercisesCheatSheet.md

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Basics Exercises
 
 Just try to compile and run `./hello` to make sure that everything is set up correctly.
 
+### Basic types (directory: [`basicTypes`](basicTypes))
+
+The goal is to observe the behaviour of a few basic types, correctly employ integer and floating-point literals, and to be aware of conversions and the effect of operators in expressions with such types.
+
 ### Functions (directory: [`functions`](functions))
 
 pass by copy / pass by reference