Introduction to Game Development

Beginner's Guide to Game Development with sample code.

Author: aryansarkar13

game_development.md

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+# Game Development in C++
+### Introduction
+
+Game Development is an exciting field to explore in programming. It is a growing industry and employs a huge number of developers. This article will focus on the basics of game development for beginners to get started. The concepts are fundamental for game development in any language.
+
+The following functions are fundamental for the development of any game:
+
+* Setup() 
+* Draw()
+* Input()
+* Logic()
+
+**setup() -** 
+This function initializes the game components. For eg. position, score, etc.
+
+```cpp
+void Setup()
+{
+	gameOver = false;
+	dir = STOP;
+	x = width / 2;
+	y = height / 2;
+	fruitX = rand() % width;
+	fruitY = rand() % height;
+	score = 0;
+}
+```
+**draw() -** 
+This function creates the visual components of the game. For eg. game characters
+
+```cpp
+void Draw()
+{
+	system("cls"); 
+	for (int i = 0; i < width+2; i++)
+		cout << "-";
+	cout << endl;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
+	{
+		for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
+		{
+			if (j == 0)
+				cout << "|";
+			if (i == y && j == x)
+				cout << "O";
+			else if (i == fruitY && j == fruitX)
+				cout << "*";
+			else
+			{
+				bool print = false;
+				for (int k = 0; k < nTail; k++)
+				{
+					if (tailX[k] == j && tailY[k] == i)
+					{
+						cout << "O";
+						print = true;
+					}
+				}
+				if (!print)
+					cout << " ";
+			}
+				
+
+			if (j == width - 1)
+				cout << "|";
+		}
+		cout << endl;
+	}
+	for (int i = 0; i < width+2; i++)
+		cout << "-";
+	cout << endl;	
+    cout << "Score:" << score << endl;
+}
+```
+
+**input() -** 
+This function manages inputs from the user in order to play/access the game. 
+For eg. Control Keys
+
+```cpp
+void Input()
+{
+	if (_kbhit())
+	{
+		switch (_getch())
+		{
+		case 'a':
+			dir = LEFT;
+			break;
+		case 'd':
+			dir = RIGHT;
+			break;
+		case 'w':
+			dir = UP;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			dir = DOWN;
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			gameOver = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+**logic() -** 
+This function manages the flow of the game. This is the most important component of the game that has logic. 
+
+```cpp
+void Logic()
+{
+	int prevX = tailX[0];
+	int prevY = tailY[0];
+	int prev2X, prev2Y;
+	tailX[0] = x;
+	tailY[0] = y;
+	for (int i = 1; i < nTail; i++)
+	{
+		prev2X = tailX[i];
+		prev2Y = tailY[i];
+		tailX[i] = prevX;
+		tailY[i] = prevY;
+		prevX = prev2X;
+		prevY = prev2Y;
+	}
+	switch (dir)
+	{
+	case LEFT:
+		x--;
+		break;
+	case RIGHT:
+		x++;
+		break;
+	case UP:
+		y--;
+		break;
+	case DOWN:
+		y++;
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	//if (x > width || x < 0 || y > height || y < 0)
+	//	gameOver = true;
+	if (x >= width) x = 0; else if (x < 0) x = width - 1;
+	if (y >= height) y = 0; else if (y < 0) y = height - 1;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < nTail; i++)
+		if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
+			gameOver = true;
+
+	if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY)
+	{
+		score += 10;
+		fruitX = rand() % width;
+		fruitY = rand() % height;
+		nTail++;
+	}
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+So hope this helps you in getting started. Happy Coding.