|
| 1 | +# Preamble |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and |
| 4 | +inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the |
| 5 | +foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in |
| 8 | +barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the |
| 9 | +advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech |
| 10 | +and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the |
| 11 | +highest aspiration of the common people, |
| 12 | + |
| 13 | +Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have |
| 14 | +recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and |
| 15 | +oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly |
| 18 | +relations between nations, |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter |
| 21 | +reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and |
| 22 | +worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and |
| 23 | +have determined to promote social progress and better standards of |
| 24 | +life in larger freedom, |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in |
| 27 | +co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal |
| 28 | +respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the |
| 31 | +greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL |
| 34 | +DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for |
| 35 | +all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and |
| 36 | +every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, |
| 37 | +shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these |
| 38 | +rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and |
| 39 | +international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and |
| 40 | +observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and |
| 41 | +among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +# Article 1. |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They |
| 46 | +are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one |
| 47 | +another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +# Article 2. |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this |
| 52 | +Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, |
| 53 | +sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or |
| 54 | +social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no |
| 55 | +distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, |
| 56 | +jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to |
| 57 | +which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, |
| 58 | +non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. |
| 59 | + |
| 60 | +# Article 3. |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | +# Article 4. |
| 65 | + |
| 66 | +No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave |
| 67 | +trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +# Article 5. |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading |
| 72 | +treatment or punishment. |
| 73 | + |
| 74 | +# Article 6. |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +# Article 7. |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | +All are equal before the law and are entitled without any |
| 81 | +discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to |
| 82 | +equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this |
| 83 | +Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +# Article 8. |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent |
| 88 | +national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted |
| 89 | +him by the constitution or by law. |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +# Article 9. |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +# Article 10. |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by |
| 98 | +an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his |
| 99 | +rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +# Article 11. |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | +(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed |
| 104 | +innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at |
| 105 | +which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any |
| 108 | +act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under |
| 109 | +national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor |
| 110 | +shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at |
| 111 | +the time the penal offence was committed. |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +# Article 12. |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, |
| 116 | +family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and |
| 117 | +reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law |
| 118 | +against such interference or attacks. |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +# Article 13. |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within |
| 123 | +the borders of each state. |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, |
| 126 | +and to return to his country. |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +# Article 14. |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries |
| 131 | +asylum from persecution. |
| 132 | + |
| 133 | +(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions |
| 134 | +genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to |
| 135 | +the purposes and principles of the United Nations. |
| 136 | + |
| 137 | +# Article 15. |
| 138 | + |
| 139 | +(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied |
| 142 | +the right to change his nationality. |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +# Article 16. |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | +(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, |
| 147 | +nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a |
| 148 | +family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during |
| 149 | +marriage and at its dissolution. |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent |
| 152 | +of the intending spouses. |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | +(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society |
| 155 | +and is entitled to protection by society and the State. |
| 156 | + |
| 157 | +# Article 17. |
| 158 | + |
| 159 | +(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in |
| 160 | +association with others. |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +# Article 18. |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | +Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; |
| 167 | +this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and |
| 168 | +freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or |
| 169 | +private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, |
| 170 | +worship and observance. |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +# Article 19. |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this |
| 175 | +right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to |
| 176 | +seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and |
| 177 | +regardless of frontiers. |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +# Article 20. |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | +(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. |
| 184 | + |
| 185 | +# Article 21. |
| 186 | + |
| 187 | +(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his |
| 188 | +country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | +(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. |
| 191 | + |
| 192 | +(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of |
| 193 | +government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine |
| 194 | +elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be |
| 195 | +held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +# Article 22. |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | +Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and |
| 200 | +is entitled to realization, through national effort and international |
| 201 | +co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of |
| 202 | +each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable |
| 203 | +for his dignity and the free development of his personality. |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | +# Article 23. |
| 206 | + |
| 207 | +(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to |
| 208 | +just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against |
| 209 | +unemployment. |
| 210 | + |
| 211 | +(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay |
| 212 | +for equal work. |
| 213 | + |
| 214 | +(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable |
| 215 | +remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy |
| 216 | +of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of |
| 217 | +social protection. |
| 218 | + |
| 219 | +(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the |
| 220 | +protection of his interests. |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | +# Article 24. |
| 223 | + |
| 224 | +Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable |
| 225 | +limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. |
| 226 | + |
| 227 | +# Article 25. |
| 228 | + |
| 229 | +(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the |
| 230 | +health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, |
| 231 | +clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and |
| 232 | +the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, |
| 233 | +disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in |
| 234 | +circumstances beyond his control. |
| 235 | + |
| 236 | +(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and |
| 237 | +assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall |
| 238 | +enjoy the same social protection. |
| 239 | + |
| 240 | +# Article 26. |
| 241 | + |
| 242 | +(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at |
| 243 | +least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education |
| 244 | +shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be |
| 245 | +made generally available and higher education shall be equally |
| 246 | +accessible to all on the basis of merit. |
| 247 | + |
| 248 | +(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human |
| 249 | +personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and |
| 250 | +fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and |
| 251 | +friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall |
| 252 | +further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of |
| 253 | +peace. |
| 254 | + |
| 255 | +(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that |
| 256 | +shall be given to their children. |
| 257 | + |
| 258 | +# Article 27. |
| 259 | + |
| 260 | +(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life |
| 261 | +of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific |
| 262 | +advancement and its benefits. |
| 263 | + |
| 264 | +(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material |
| 265 | +interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic |
| 266 | +production of which he is the author. |
| 267 | + |
| 268 | +# Article 28. |
| 269 | + |
| 270 | +Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the |
| 271 | +rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully |
| 272 | +realized. |
| 273 | + |
| 274 | +# Article 29. |
| 275 | + |
| 276 | +(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and |
| 277 | +full development of his personality is possible. |
| 278 | + |
| 279 | +(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be |
| 280 | +subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for |
| 281 | +the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and |
| 282 | +freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, |
| 283 | +public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. |
| 284 | + |
| 285 | +(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to |
| 286 | +the purposes and principles of the United Nations. |
| 287 | + |
| 288 | +# Article 30. |
| 289 | + |
| 290 | +Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any |
| 291 | +State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to |
| 292 | +perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and |
| 293 | +freedoms set forth herein. |
0 commit comments