diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 64de89251..b5064913c 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ The following emojis are used to highlight certain changes:
 
 ### Changed
 
+- `provider`: Prevent multiple instances of reprovider.Reprovide() from running at the same time. [#834](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/834)
 - upgrade to `go-libp2p` [v0.39.0](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/releases/tag/v0.39.0)
 
 ### Removed
diff --git a/provider/reprovider.go b/provider/reprovider.go
index aeb5a27a5..44a2fea04 100644
--- a/provider/reprovider.go
+++ b/provider/reprovider.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ type reprovider struct {
 	ctx     context.Context
 	close   context.CancelFunc
 	closewg sync.WaitGroup
+	mu      sync.Mutex
 
 	reprovideInterval        time.Duration
 	initalReprovideDelay     time.Duration
@@ -470,6 +471,12 @@ func (s *reprovider) reprovide(ctx context.Context, force bool) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	ok := s.mu.TryLock()
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("instance of reprovide already running")
+	}
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
 	kch, err := s.keyProvider(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err