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072-edit-distance.py
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"""
编辑距离
给你两个单词 word1 和 word2,请你计算出将 word1 转换成 word2 所使用的最少操作数 。
你可以对一个单词进行如下三种操作:
插入一个字符
删除一个字符
替换一个字符
示例 1:
输入:word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
输出:3
解释:
horse -> rorse (将 'h' 替换为 'r')
rorse -> rose (删除 'r')
rose -> ros (删除 'e')
示例 2:
输入:word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
输出:5
解释:
intention -> inention (删除 't')
inention -> enention (将 'i' 替换为 'e')
enention -> exention (将 'n' 替换为 'x')
exention -> exection (将 'n' 替换为 'c')
exection -> execution (插入 'u')
"""
"""
# 初始化 dp,以 'horse' 和 'ros' 为例,此时的 dp 为:
# 0 1 2 3
# 1 0 0 0
# 2 0 0 0
# 3 0 0 0
# 4 0 0 0
# 5 0 0 0
"""
def min_distance(word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
w1_len, w2_len = len(word1), len(word2)
if w1_len == 0:
return w2_len
elif w2_len == 0:
return w1_len
else:
dp = [[0 for _ in range(w2_len + 1)] for _ in range(w1_len + 1)]
# 边界状态初始化
for i in range(w1_len + 1):
dp[i][0] = i
for j in range(w2_len + 1):
dp[0][j] = j
# 计算所有 DP 值
for i in range(1, w1_len + 1):
for j in range(1, w2_len + 1):
if word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1]:
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
else:
dp[i][j] = 1 + min(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j - 1])
return dp[w1_len][w2_len]
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(min_distance("horse", "ros"))
print(min_distance("intention", "execution"))