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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: 1-js/05-data-types/10-destructuring-assignment/article.md
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@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ The two most used data structures in JavaScript are `Object` and `Array`.
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- Objects allow us to create a single entity that stores data items by key.
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- Arrays allow us to gather data items into an ordered list.
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Although, when we pass those to a function, it may need not be an object/array as a whole. It may need individual pieces.
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However, when we pass these to a function, we may not need all of it. The function might only require certain elements or properties.
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*Destructuring assignment* is a special syntax that allows us to "unpack" arrays or objects into a bunch of variables, as sometimes that's more convenient.
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Destructuring also works great with complex functions that have a lot of parameters, default values, and so on. Soon we'll see that.
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Destructuring also works well with complex functions that have a lot of parameters, default values, and so on. Soon we'll see that.
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## Array destructuring
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Here's an example of how an array is destructured into variables:
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```js
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// we have an array with the name and surname
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// we have an array with a name and surname
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let arr = ["John", "Smith"]
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*!*
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alert(surname); // Smith
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```
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As you can see, the syntax is simple. There are several peculiar details though. Let's see more examples, to better understand it.
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As you can see, the syntax is simple. There are several peculiar details though. Let's see more examples to understand it better.
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````smart header="\"Destructuring\" does not mean \"destructive\"."
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It's called "destructuring assignment," because it "destructurizes" by copying items into variables. But the array itself is not modified.
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It's called "destructuring assignment," because it "destructurizes" by copying items into variables. However, the array itself is not modified.
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It's just a shorter way to write:
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```js
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alert( title ); // Consul
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```
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In the code above, the second element of the array is skipped, the third one is assigned to `title`, and the rest of the array items is also skipped (as there are no variables for them).
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In the code above, the second element of the array is skipped, the third one is assigned to `title`, and the rest of the array items are also skipped (as there are no variables for them).
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````
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````smart header="Works with any iterable on the right-side"
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````
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````smart header="Looping with .entries()"
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In the previous chapter we saw the [Object.entries(obj)](mdn:js/Object/entries) method.
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In the previous chapter, we saw the [Object.entries(obj)](mdn:js/Object/entries) method.
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We can use it with destructuring to loop over keys-and-values of an object:
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We can use it with destructuring to loop over the keys-and-values of an object:
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```js run
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let user = {
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name: "John",
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age: 30
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};
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// loop over keys-and-values
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// loop over the keys-and-values
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*!*
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for (let [key, value] of Object.entries(user)) {
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*/!*
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let [name1, name2, *!*...rest*/!*] = ["Julius", "Caesar", *!*"Consul", "of the Roman Republic"*/!*];
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*!*
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// rest is array of items, starting from the 3rd one
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// rest is an array of items, starting from the 3rd one
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alert(rest[0]); // Consul
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alert(rest[1]); // of the Roman Republic
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alert(rest.length); // 2
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### Default values
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If the array is shorter than the list of variables at the left, there'll be no errors. Absent values are considered undefined:
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If the array is shorter than the list of variables on the left, there will be no errors. Absent values are considered undefined:
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```js run
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*!*
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## Nested destructuring
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If an object or an array contain other nested objects and arrays, we can use more complex left-side patterns to extract deeper portions.
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If an object or an array contains other nested objects and arrays, we can use more complex left-side patterns to extract deeper portions.
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In the code below `options` has another object in the property `size` and an array in the property `items`. The pattern on the left side of the assignment has the same structure to extract values from them:
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There are times when a function has many parameters, most of which are optional. That's especially true for user interfaces. Imagine a function that creates a menu. It may have a width, a height, a title, items list and so on.
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