skybox.rs

//! Load a cubemap texture onto a cube like a skybox and cycle through different compressed texture formats

use std::f32::consts::PI;

use bevy::{
    asset::LoadState,
    input::mouse::MouseMotion,
    pbr::{MaterialPipeline, MaterialPipelineKey},
    prelude::*,
    reflect::TypeUuid,
    render::{
        mesh::MeshVertexBufferLayout,
        render_asset::RenderAssets,
        render_resource::{
            AsBindGroup, AsBindGroupError, BindGroupDescriptor, BindGroupEntry, BindGroupLayout,
            BindGroupLayoutDescriptor, BindGroupLayoutEntry, BindingResource, BindingType,
            OwnedBindingResource, PreparedBindGroup, RenderPipelineDescriptor, SamplerBindingType,
            ShaderRef, ShaderStages, SpecializedMeshPipelineError, TextureSampleType,
            TextureViewDescriptor, TextureViewDimension,
        },
        renderer::RenderDevice,
        texture::{CompressedImageFormats, FallbackImage},
    },
};

const CUBEMAPS: &[(&str, CompressedImageFormats)] = &[
    (
        "textures/Ryfjallet_cubemap.png",
        CompressedImageFormats::NONE,
    ),
    (
        "textures/Ryfjallet_cubemap_astc4x4.ktx2",
        CompressedImageFormats::ASTC_LDR,
    ),
    (
        "textures/Ryfjallet_cubemap_bc7.ktx2",
        CompressedImageFormats::BC,
    ),
    (
        "textures/Ryfjallet_cubemap_etc2.ktx2",
        CompressedImageFormats::ETC2,
    ),
];

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_plugin(MaterialPlugin::<CubemapMaterial>::default())
        .add_startup_system(setup)
        .add_system(cycle_cubemap_asset)
        .add_system(asset_loaded.after(cycle_cubemap_asset))
        .add_system(camera_controller)
        .add_system(animate_light_direction)
        .run();
}

#[derive(Resource)]
struct Cubemap {
    is_loaded: bool,
    index: usize,
    image_handle: Handle<Image>,
}

fn setup(mut commands: Commands, asset_server: Res<AssetServer>) {
    // directional 'sun' light
    commands.spawn(DirectionalLightBundle {
        directional_light: DirectionalLight {
            illuminance: 32000.0,
            ..default()
        },
        transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 2.0, 0.0)
            .with_rotation(Quat::from_rotation_x(-PI / 4.)),
        ..default()
    });

    let skybox_handle = asset_server.load(CUBEMAPS[0].0);
    // camera
    commands.spawn((
        Camera3dBundle {
            transform: Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, 8.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
            ..default()
        },
        CameraController::default(),
    ));

    // ambient light
    // NOTE: The ambient light is used to scale how bright the environment map is so with a bright
    // environment map, use an appropriate colour and brightness to match
    commands.insert_resource(AmbientLight {
        color: Color::rgb_u8(210, 220, 240),
        brightness: 1.0,
    });

    commands.insert_resource(Cubemap {
        is_loaded: false,
        index: 0,
        image_handle: skybox_handle,
    });
}

const CUBEMAP_SWAP_DELAY: f32 = 3.0;

fn cycle_cubemap_asset(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut next_swap: Local<f32>,
    mut cubemap: ResMut<Cubemap>,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
    render_device: Res<RenderDevice>,
) {
    let now = time.elapsed_seconds();
    if *next_swap == 0.0 {
        *next_swap = now + CUBEMAP_SWAP_DELAY;
        return;
    } else if now < *next_swap {
        return;
    }
    *next_swap += CUBEMAP_SWAP_DELAY;

    let supported_compressed_formats =
        CompressedImageFormats::from_features(render_device.features());

    let mut new_index = cubemap.index;
    for _ in 0..CUBEMAPS.len() {
        new_index = (new_index + 1) % CUBEMAPS.len();
        if supported_compressed_formats.contains(CUBEMAPS[new_index].1) {
            break;
        }
        info!("Skipping unsupported format: {:?}", CUBEMAPS[new_index]);
    }

    // Skip swapping to the same texture. Useful for when ktx2, zstd, or compressed texture support
    // is missing
    if new_index == cubemap.index {
        return;
    }

    cubemap.index = new_index;
    cubemap.image_handle = asset_server.load(CUBEMAPS[cubemap.index].0);
    cubemap.is_loaded = false;
}

fn asset_loaded(
    mut commands: Commands,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
    mut images: ResMut<Assets<Image>>,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut cubemap_materials: ResMut<Assets<CubemapMaterial>>,
    mut cubemap: ResMut<Cubemap>,
    cubes: Query<&Handle<CubemapMaterial>>,
) {
    if !cubemap.is_loaded
        && asset_server.get_load_state(cubemap.image_handle.clone_weak()) == LoadState::Loaded
    {
        info!("Swapping to {}...", CUBEMAPS[cubemap.index].0);
        let mut image = images.get_mut(&cubemap.image_handle).unwrap();
        // NOTE: PNGs do not have any metadata that could indicate they contain a cubemap texture,
        // so they appear as one texture. The following code reconfigures the texture as necessary.
        if image.texture_descriptor.array_layer_count() == 1 {
            image.reinterpret_stacked_2d_as_array(
                image.texture_descriptor.size.height / image.texture_descriptor.size.width,
            );
            image.texture_view_descriptor = Some(TextureViewDescriptor {
                dimension: Some(TextureViewDimension::Cube),
                ..default()
            });
        }

        // spawn cube
        let mut updated = false;
        for handle in cubes.iter() {
            if let Some(material) = cubemap_materials.get_mut(handle) {
                updated = true;
                material.base_color_texture = Some(cubemap.image_handle.clone_weak());
            }
        }
        if !updated {
            commands.spawn(MaterialMeshBundle::<CubemapMaterial> {
                mesh: meshes.add(Mesh::from(shape::Cube { size: 10000.0 })),
                material: cubemap_materials.add(CubemapMaterial {
                    base_color_texture: Some(cubemap.image_handle.clone_weak()),
                }),
                ..default()
            });
        }

        cubemap.is_loaded = true;
    }
}

fn animate_light_direction(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut query: Query<&mut Transform, With<DirectionalLight>>,
) {
    for mut transform in &mut query {
        transform.rotate_y(time.delta_seconds() * 0.5);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, TypeUuid)]
#[uuid = "9509a0f8-3c05-48ee-a13e-a93226c7f488"]
struct CubemapMaterial {
    base_color_texture: Option<Handle<Image>>,
}

impl Material for CubemapMaterial {
    fn fragment_shader() -> ShaderRef {
        "shaders/cubemap_unlit.wgsl".into()
    }

    fn specialize(
        _pipeline: &MaterialPipeline<Self>,
        descriptor: &mut RenderPipelineDescriptor,
        _layout: &MeshVertexBufferLayout,
        _key: MaterialPipelineKey<Self>,
    ) -> Result<(), SpecializedMeshPipelineError> {
        descriptor.primitive.cull_mode = None;
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl AsBindGroup for CubemapMaterial {
    type Data = ();

    fn as_bind_group(
        &self,
        layout: &BindGroupLayout,
        render_device: &RenderDevice,
        images: &RenderAssets<Image>,
        _fallback_image: &FallbackImage,
    ) -> Result<PreparedBindGroup<Self>, AsBindGroupError> {
        let base_color_texture = self
            .base_color_texture
            .as_ref()
            .ok_or(AsBindGroupError::RetryNextUpdate)?;
        let image = images
            .get(base_color_texture)
            .ok_or(AsBindGroupError::RetryNextUpdate)?;
        let bind_group = render_device.create_bind_group(&BindGroupDescriptor {
            entries: &[
                BindGroupEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    resource: BindingResource::TextureView(&image.texture_view),
                },
                BindGroupEntry {
                    binding: 1,
                    resource: BindingResource::Sampler(&image.sampler),
                },
            ],
            label: Some("cubemap_texture_material_bind_group"),
            layout,
        });

        Ok(PreparedBindGroup {
            bind_group,
            bindings: vec![
                OwnedBindingResource::TextureView(image.texture_view.clone()),
                OwnedBindingResource::Sampler(image.sampler.clone()),
            ],
            data: (),
        })
    }

    fn bind_group_layout(render_device: &RenderDevice) -> BindGroupLayout {
        render_device.create_bind_group_layout(&BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
            entries: &[
                // Cubemap Base Color Texture
                BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                    binding: 0,
                    visibility: ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: BindingType::Texture {
                        multisampled: false,
                        sample_type: TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
                        view_dimension: TextureViewDimension::Cube,
                    },
                    count: None,
                },
                // Cubemap Base Color Texture Sampler
                BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                    binding: 1,
                    visibility: ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
                    ty: BindingType::Sampler(SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
                    count: None,
                },
            ],
            label: None,
        })
    }
}

#[derive(Component)]
pub struct CameraController {
    pub enabled: bool,
    pub initialized: bool,
    pub sensitivity: f32,
    pub key_forward: KeyCode,
    pub key_back: KeyCode,
    pub key_left: KeyCode,
    pub key_right: KeyCode,
    pub key_up: KeyCode,
    pub key_down: KeyCode,
    pub key_run: KeyCode,
    pub mouse_key_enable_mouse: MouseButton,
    pub keyboard_key_enable_mouse: KeyCode,
    pub walk_speed: f32,
    pub run_speed: f32,
    pub friction: f32,
    pub pitch: f32,
    pub yaw: f32,
    pub velocity: Vec3,
}

impl Default for CameraController {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            enabled: true,
            initialized: false,
            sensitivity: 0.5,
            key_forward: KeyCode::W,
            key_back: KeyCode::S,
            key_left: KeyCode::A,
            key_right: KeyCode::D,
            key_up: KeyCode::E,
            key_down: KeyCode::Q,
            key_run: KeyCode::LShift,
            mouse_key_enable_mouse: MouseButton::Left,
            keyboard_key_enable_mouse: KeyCode::M,
            walk_speed: 2.0,
            run_speed: 6.0,
            friction: 0.5,
            pitch: 0.0,
            yaw: 0.0,
            velocity: Vec3::ZERO,
        }
    }
}

pub fn camera_controller(
    time: Res<Time>,
    mut mouse_events: EventReader<MouseMotion>,
    mouse_button_input: Res<Input<MouseButton>>,
    key_input: Res<Input<KeyCode>>,
    mut move_toggled: Local<bool>,
    mut query: Query<(&mut Transform, &mut CameraController), With<Camera>>,
) {
    let dt = time.delta_seconds();

    if let Ok((mut transform, mut options)) = query.get_single_mut() {
        if !options.initialized {
            let (yaw, pitch, _roll) = transform.rotation.to_euler(EulerRot::YXZ);
            options.yaw = yaw;
            options.pitch = pitch;
            options.initialized = true;
        }
        if !options.enabled {
            return;
        }

        // Handle key input
        let mut axis_input = Vec3::ZERO;
        if key_input.pressed(options.key_forward) {
            axis_input.z += 1.0;
        }
        if key_input.pressed(options.key_back) {
            axis_input.z -= 1.0;
        }
        if key_input.pressed(options.key_right) {
            axis_input.x += 1.0;
        }
        if key_input.pressed(options.key_left) {
            axis_input.x -= 1.0;
        }
        if key_input.pressed(options.key_up) {
            axis_input.y += 1.0;
        }
        if key_input.pressed(options.key_down) {
            axis_input.y -= 1.0;
        }
        if key_input.just_pressed(options.keyboard_key_enable_mouse) {
            *move_toggled = !*move_toggled;
        }

        // Apply movement update
        if axis_input != Vec3::ZERO {
            let max_speed = if key_input.pressed(options.key_run) {
                options.run_speed
            } else {
                options.walk_speed
            };
            options.velocity = axis_input.normalize() * max_speed;
        } else {
            let friction = options.friction.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
            options.velocity *= 1.0 - friction;
            if options.velocity.length_squared() < 1e-6 {
                options.velocity = Vec3::ZERO;
            }
        }
        let forward = transform.forward();
        let right = transform.right();
        transform.translation += options.velocity.x * dt * right
            + options.velocity.y * dt * Vec3::Y
            + options.velocity.z * dt * forward;

        // Handle mouse input
        let mut mouse_delta = Vec2::ZERO;
        if mouse_button_input.pressed(options.mouse_key_enable_mouse) || *move_toggled {
            for mouse_event in mouse_events.iter() {
                mouse_delta += mouse_event.delta;
            }
        }

        if mouse_delta != Vec2::ZERO {
            // Apply look update
            options.pitch = (options.pitch - mouse_delta.y * 0.5 * options.sensitivity * dt)
                .clamp(-PI / 2., PI / 2.);
            options.yaw -= mouse_delta.x * options.sensitivity * dt;
            transform.rotation = Quat::from_euler(EulerRot::ZYX, 0.0, options.yaw, options.pitch);
        }
    }
}