05-Operators.md

Operators

Arithmetic operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition / string concatenation	2 + 3 gives 5
-	Subtraction	10 - 4 gives 6
*	Multiplication	3 * 4 gives 12
/	Division	15 / 3 gives 5
%	Modulo	10 % 3 gives 1
- (unary)	Negation	-5

String concatenation

The + operator concatenates when either operand is a string:

eh "Hello" + " " + "World";    // "Hello World"
eh "Age: " + 25;               // "Age: 25"
eh "Active: " + can;           // "Active: can"

Division by zero

Division or modulo by zero throws a KantoiException:

eh 10 / 0;    // KantoiException: cannot divide by zero

Comparison operators

Operator	Description	Example
sama	Equal to	x sama 1
tak sama	Not equal to	x tak sama 2
<	Less than	x < 10
>	Greater than	x > 0
<=	Less than or equal	x <= 100
>=	Greater than or equal	x >= 1

Equality checks (sama, tak sama) compare by value and type — a number is never equal to a string.

Logical operators

Operator	Description	Example
also	Logical AND	can also can gives can
if not	Logical OR	cannot if not can gives can
!	Logical NOT	!can gives cannot

Short-circuit evaluation

also and if not use short-circuit evaluation:

• also returns the left operand if it's falsy; otherwise evaluates and returns the right.
• if not returns the left operand if it's truthy; otherwise evaluates and returns the right.

dei x = cannot also someFunction();    // someFunction() is never called
dei y = can if not someFunction();     // someFunction() is never called

Operator precedence

From lowest to highest:

1. if not (logical OR)
2. also (logical AND)
3. sama, tak sama (equality)
4. <, >, <=, >= (comparison)
5. +, - (addition/subtraction)
6. *, /, % (multiplication/division/modulo)
7. !, - (unary NOT, negation)

Use parentheses to override precedence:

eh (2 + 3) * 4;    // 20
eh 2 + 3 * 4;      // 14

Next steps

• Control Flow — conditionals with is it, or is it, and abuden