For a given platform, pkg needs both the native node binary and the target node binary. There's no 32-bit or arm node binaries for macOS, so I had to run the following on macOS, which creates an executable that includes the script source:
pkg --target node10-linux-x86 ./package.json --output ./output/labjack-firmware-updater-node10-linux-x86 --no-bytecode --public --public-packages '*'
pkg --target node10-linux-armv7 ./package.json --output ./output/labjack-firmware-updater-node10-linux-armv7 --no-bytecode --public --public-packages '*'
After that, the Addons (platform-dependent) also need to be provided to pkg. See package.json.