diff --git a/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py b/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py
index 4e6b42e485c0c..0f5db1c88f714 100644
--- a/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py
+++ b/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py
@@ -803,6 +803,19 @@ def __init__(self, head, branch, remote, version, r_version, email=None):
         self.r_version = r_version
         self.no_rc_version = re.sub(r'-rc\d+\Z', '', version)
         self.no_rc_r_version = re.sub(r'-rc\d+\Z', '', r_version)
+        # MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH Versioning
+        #
+        # Excludes:
+        #
+        #     1. Release Candidate (RC) string components (e.g. -rc123)
+        #     2. Dev string components (e.g. .dev123)
+        #
+        # Example:
+        #
+        #   '19.0.0.dev66' ->
+        #   '19.0.0'
+        self.no_rc_no_dev_version = \
+            re.sub(r'\.dev\d+\Z', '', self.no_rc_version)
         # Semantic Versioning 1.0.0: https://semver.org/spec/v1.0.0.html
         #
         # > A pre-release version number MAY be denoted by appending an
@@ -1187,6 +1200,7 @@ def from_config(cls, config, target, tasks=None, groups=None, params=None):
         versions = {
             'version': target.version,
             'no_rc_version': target.no_rc_version,
+            'no_rc_no_dev_version': target.no_rc_no_dev_version,
             'no_rc_semver_version': target.no_rc_semver_version,
             'no_rc_snapshot_version': target.no_rc_snapshot_version,
             'r_version': target.r_version,
diff --git a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
index 3e8af430a96de..5de60c709ef30 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/matlab/github.yml
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
           MATLABPATH: arrow/matlab/tools
           ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_FOLDER: arrow/matlab/install/arrow_matlab
           ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_OUTPUT_FOLDER: artifacts/matlab-dist
-          ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_VERSION: {{ arrow.no_rc_version }}
+          ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_VERSION: {{ arrow.no_rc_no_dev_version }}
         uses: matlab-actions/run-command@v2
         with:
           command: packageMatlabInterface
diff --git a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
index 01f4f8f020c4e..63a2c777c0329 100644
--- a/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
+++ b/dev/tasks/tasks.yml
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ tasks:
     ci: github
     template: matlab/github.yml
     artifacts:
-      - matlab-arrow-[0-9]+.[0-9]+.[0-9]+.mltbx
+      - matlab-arrow-{no_rc_no_dev_version}.mltbx
 
   ############################## Arrow JAR's ##################################
 
diff --git a/matlab/tools/packageMatlabInterface.m b/matlab/tools/packageMatlabInterface.m
index 5c82763b25f8a..a90b84186d558 100644
--- a/matlab/tools/packageMatlabInterface.m
+++ b/matlab/tools/packageMatlabInterface.m
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@
 
 toolboxFolder = string(getenv("ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_FOLDER"));
 outputFolder = string(getenv("ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_OUTPUT_FOLDER"));
-toolboxVersionRaw = string(getenv("ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_VERSION"));
+toolboxVersion = string(getenv("ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_VERSION"));
+if isempty(toolboxVersion)
+    error("ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_VERSION environment variable value is empty." + ...
+        "ARROW_MATLAB_TOOLBOX_VERSION should follow the general form: ${MAJOR_VERSION}.${MINOR_VERSION}.${PATCH_VERSION}.";
+end
 
 appendLicenseText(fullfile(toolboxFolder, "LICENSE.txt"));
 appendNoticeText(fullfile(toolboxFolder, "NOTICE.txt"));
@@ -27,13 +31,7 @@
 
 disp("Toolbox Folder: " + toolboxFolder);
 disp("Output Folder: " + outputFolder);
-disp("Toolbox Version Raw: " + toolboxVersionRaw);
-
-versionPattern = regexpPattern("^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+");
-toolboxVersion = extract(toolboxVersionRaw, versionPattern);
-if isempty(toolboxVersion)
-    error("Unable to extract MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH version string from " + toolboxVersionRaw);
-end
+disp("Toolbox Version: " + toolboxVersion);
 
 disp("Toolbox Version:" + toolboxVersion);
 
@@ -85,4 +83,4 @@ function appendNoticeText(filename)
         "This product includes software from The MathWorks, Inc. (Apache 2.0)"
         "  * Copyright (C) 2024 The MathWorks, Inc."];
     writelines(noticeText, filename, WriteMode="append");
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+end