apacheGH-40342: [Python] Fix pickling of LocalFileSystem for cython 2 (apache#41459)

Small follow-up fix for the failure introduced by apache#40356
* GitHub Issue: apache#40342

Authored-by: Joris Van den Bossche <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <[email protected]>

Author: jorisvandenbossche

python/pyarrow/_fs.pyx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 # cython: language_level = 3
 
 from cpython.datetime cimport datetime, PyDateTime_DateTime
+from cython cimport binding
 
 from pyarrow.includes.common cimport *
 from pyarrow.includes.libarrow_python cimport PyDateTime_to_TimePoint
@@ -421,6 +422,7 @@ cdef class FileSystem(_Weakrefable):
                         "SubTreeFileSystem")
 
     @staticmethod
+    @binding(True)  # Required for cython < 3
     def _from_uri(uri):
         fs, _path = FileSystem.from_uri(uri)
         return fs